EP3356655A1 - Breaker arm for an engine distribution device - Google Patents

Breaker arm for an engine distribution device

Info

Publication number
EP3356655A1
EP3356655A1 EP16785229.2A EP16785229A EP3356655A1 EP 3356655 A1 EP3356655 A1 EP 3356655A1 EP 16785229 A EP16785229 A EP 16785229A EP 3356655 A1 EP3356655 A1 EP 3356655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pawl
axis
valve
cam
curvature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16785229.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3356655B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Francois Moulin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP3356655A1 publication Critical patent/EP3356655A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3356655B1 publication Critical patent/EP3356655B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/187—Clips, e.g. for retaining rocker arm on pivot

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for dispensing a thermal or combustion engine nnot of a motor vehicle.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a device for actuating valves by a camshaft.
  • the present invention more specifically relates to a pawl portion of a valve actuating device.
  • distribution devices are installed to allow the admission of air or fresh gas into a chamber of a cylinder of the engine and the evacuation of gases. burned following combustion in said chamber.
  • the dispensing devices comprise valves movable in translation in a cylinder head of a heat engine.
  • a valve is a mechanical member of the distribution of heat engines allowing the admission of fresh gases and the evacuation of flue gases.
  • the valve used in the motor vehicle engine is generally a stem valve or tulip valve comprising a rod extended at one end by a flared valve head which is adapted to close a duct opening opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the valve is actuated generally by a camshaft which is adapted to push on the stem of the valve along the axis of said rod.
  • the camshaft carries cams that press against a free end of the valve stem, said shaft is rotated about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the valve stem
  • the free end of the valve stem is thus pushed by a fixed cam fixed in rotation to the camshaft, towards the combustion chamber of the cylinder to allow the opening of the fresh air intake duct or exhaust duct or flue gas exhaust duct.
  • the rod slides in fact in the cylinder head to the combustion chamber to open an orifice of an air intake duct or exhaust gas burned.
  • the valve is then returned to position by one (or more) return spring.
  • Said free end of the rod is generally of reduced section and the contact between the cam and the valve stem can be disturbed, which is likely to cause a malfunction of the engine.
  • Said pawl is generally composed of an arm movable in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of movement of the valve stem and a pawl head adapted to press on the free end of the valve stem. The cam in its rotational movement presses a portion of the arm of the pawl to cause a displacement in translation of the latch head and therefore the end of the valve stem.
  • recoil springs are arranged respectively on the pawl and on the valve.
  • the tilting movement of the latches is therefore controlled by the cam to allow the valves to slide towards their open position to open the orifice of the air or gas duct, the closure of each valve being controlled by the return spring. of the valve.
  • the return spring of the valve is related to valve technology and our invention does not relate to this area.
  • the publication FR2861 130-A1 discloses a cylindrical body disposed at the end of a valve stem to make the contact between said valve stem and a movable latch tiltable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of said rod more reliable. The additional mass at the end of the rod results in less dynamic valve operation and reduced engine performance.
  • the publication FR2733539-A1 discloses a movable pawl pivoting about an axis perpendicular to the axis of sliding / translation of the valve stem and disposed between the cam and the valve stem end. Said pawl comprises an elastic return device to ensure contact between the pawl and the cam which complicates the actuating device of the valves.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a dispensing latch of a valve actuating device, arranged in a cylinder head of a motor vehicle engine, said device makes it possible to articulating said distribution latch disposed between a valve stem and a fixed cam integral with a camshaft, in a reduced space, the latch being adapted to rotate the valve.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a latch of a valve actuation device by a camshaft arranged in a cylinder head of the motor vehicle engine,
  • Said latch comprising an actuating arm movable pivotally about a pivot axis substantially parallel to the axis of the camshaft, and a contact head disposed at a first end of the actuating arm, between a cam and a valve, characterized in that the contact head comprises a lower face facing the valve, said lower face being substantially convex having a curvature varying along the axis of the actuating arm.
  • the lower face of the contact head of the pawl, opposite the valve stem is convex, that is to say turned towards the cam, to maintain contact between the pawl and the valve stem during the pivoting of the pawl around the pivot axis.
  • the cam of the camshaft has a section which presses on the contact head of the pawl and pivots said pawl around the pivot axis.
  • This support has the effect of pushing the valve stem sliding towards a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine, which distances said rod from the pawl.
  • the convex lower face comprising a curvature with an evolution of the curvature along the axis of the actuating arm then makes it possible to compensate for the relative displacements between the lower face of the contact head of the pawl and the head of the valve stem and thus to accompany the sliding of the valve stem by maintaining contact of the contact head of the pawl with said valve stem.
  • the underside of the contact head of the pawl comprises a first curvature substantially about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl.
  • the lower face of the contact head of the pawl has a first curvature substantially about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl to accompany the sliding of the valve stem while maintaining contact between the rod. valve and the pawl, when pivoting the latch about its pivot axis.
  • the underside of the contact head of the pawl comprises a second curvature about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the actuating arm of the pawl.
  • the lower face of the contact head of the latch has a second curvature about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the actuator arm of the latch, said curvature is adapted to exert a force on the valve according to a direction transverse to the axis of said valve which causes a rotation of said valve stem and the valve about its axis when the cam presses the pawl and the rod of valve to open the gas duct to the cylinder combustion chamber.
  • the cam presses on the pawl to cause a sliding of the valve to release a gas conduit opening to a combustion chamber of a cylinder, said sliding is accompanied by a rotation of the valve about its axis.
  • the contact head of the pawl comprises an opposite upper face and facing the cam of the camshaft, said face being concave and having a single curvature.
  • the contact head of the latch has an upper face facing the cam of the camshaft which is concave and which has a single curvature to accompany the bearing movement of said cam rotation.
  • the cam presses on the upper face during its rotational movement, which causes a sliding of the contact between the cam and the upper face of the pawl and a possible separation of the two elements.
  • a concave upper face that is to say turned towards the valve to maintain optimal contact between the two elements during the rotation of the cam.
  • the curvature of the upper face is along an axis substantially parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl.
  • the curvature of the concave upper face is along an axis substantially parallel to the axis of pivot of the pawl in order to optimally maintain the contact between the cam and the upper face of the pawl during the rotation of the cam, said pivot axis of the latch being substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the cam.
  • the upper face of the contact head of the pawl is covered with sliding material with a low coefficient of friction.
  • the upper face of the contact head of the pawl is covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction to allow easy sliding of the cam over the entire surface of the upper face of the pawl and reduce friction between both elements when moving relative to each other; said friction can cause undesirable overconsumption of the engine.
  • the upper face of the contact head of the latch has a width along the axis of pivoting of the latch different from the width of the cam of the camshaft.
  • the upper face of the contact head of the latch has a width along the axis of pivoting of the latch different from the width of the cam of the camshaft to ensure a substantially permanent contact between said cam and said upper face.
  • the latch comprises a latching ring fixed to the second opposite end of the actuating arm, said ring being adapted to surround the pivot axis by a contact surface.
  • the latch comprises a latching ring which extends the actuating arm at the second end opposite the first end with the contact head; said ring being adapted to surround the pivot axis by a contact surface.
  • the pawl is simply attached to a fixed element secured to the yoke.
  • the ring comprises a radial orifice passing through the thickness of said ring in order to supply lubricating liquid towards the contact surface.
  • the pawl comprises an indentation at the peripheral edge of the ring.
  • the ring comprises an orifice through the thickness of the ring and a notch peripheral edge of the ring adapted to bring lubricating liquid to the contact surface of the pawl to reduce friction between the pawl and the pivot axis which are capable of generating on the one hand a heating of the two elements in contact and on the other hand undesirable overconsumption of the engine.
  • the pawl is pivotally mounted around the free axial end of a fixed holding protrusion integral with the yoke, which facilitates mounting of the device in the reduced space in the cylinder head.
  • the pawl is associated with return mechanisms that would have the effect of complicating the actuating device.
  • the protuberance of maintenance preferably comprises at least one free end surrounded by the pawl ring.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view representative of the valve actuating device according to the invention.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic view of the latch according to the invention according to a first point of view.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the latch according to a second point of view opposite to the first point of view.
  • FIG 4 is a top sectional view of the device mounted in the cylinder head.
  • FIG 5 is a schematic view of one end of the latch according to the invention to be disposed between a cam and a valve stem.
  • a valve actuating device 10 is disposed in a chamber 11 in a cylinder head 12 of a heat engine (not shown) to ensure the transmission of the rotary motion of a camshaft to valves and cause a sliding of said valves along their axis to open an air duct or gas.
  • a camshaft 13 is rotatably mounted driven by a crankshaft rotation (not shown) by means of a crankshaft element.
  • transmission such as a chain and a toothed wheel (not shown).
  • Said camshaft carries a plurality of cams 14 mounted to rotate with said shaft.
  • a pawl 20 is disposed between the cam 14 and a valve stem head 31 to ensure the transmission of the rotary movement of the cam in a translational movement of the valve stem 31 according to FIG. axis of said rod.
  • the pawl 20 is pivotally movable about a fixed Y pivot axis secured to a wall element of the yoke.
  • the pawl extends longitudinally along an axis 23a substantially orthogonal to the axis of the camshaft and said latch comprises a first end surrounding said pivot axis and an opposite second end disposed between the cam 14 and the valve stem 31 when the pawl is mounted in its operating position.
  • pivot axis document of the latch 22 which is an axis of a cylindrical ring adapted to surround the pivot axis Y fixed to the cylinder head.
  • the pivot axis 22 of the pawl coincides with the pivot axis Y when the pawl is mounted in its operating position.
  • the latch 20 comprises an actuating arm 23 extended at a first end 21a by a ring and at the second end 21b opposite by a contact head 24.
  • the axis 23a of the latch is merged with the axis of the actuating arm 23.
  • Said contact head 24 is disposed between the cam 14 and the valve stem head 31, once the pawl mounted in its operating position in the cylinder head.
  • Said contact head 24 comprises an upper contact face 25 facing the cam 14 and a lower opposite bearing face 26 facing the valve stem 31.
  • the upper contact face 25 is shaped to remain in substantially constant contact with the cam 14 during the rotational movement of said cam.
  • the upper face 25 is substantially concave, that is to say that the upper face has a curvature turned towards the lower face 26.
  • the upper face 25 has a single curvature along an axis 22b substantially parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the pawl 20. Said curvature of the upper face 25 is adapted to allow a substantially permanent contact between the cam and said upper face of the contact head of the latch.
  • the upper face has a width along a transverse axis parallel to the pivot axis 22, different from the width of the cam.
  • the width of the upper face may be greater than the width of the cam to ensure contact between the cam and the pawl with a reduction of said contact.
  • the width of the upper face may be smaller than the width of the cam to obtain a more dynamic operation of the pawl and therefore of the cam. In this way, the two elements will always remain in contact with each other despite vibrations generated during operation of the motor that can cause relative movements between the cam and the pawl along the transverse axis.
  • said upper face is covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction.
  • This material may for example be a DLC varnish for "Diamond Like Carbon” in English which has dry friction characteristics of the order of 0.1 (between 0.8 and 1.8) and a roughness Ra of the order of 0 , 02 ⁇ .
  • the upper face is made of steel with a hardness greater than or equal to 55 HRC (Rockwell hardness).
  • the lower bearing surface 26 is shaped to remain in contact with the valve stem head 31 during the translational movement of the valve stem along the axis of the rod 24.
  • the contact head of the pawl has a lower face facing the convex valve stem, that is to say that the lower face 26 has a curvature turned towards the upper face 25.
  • the lower face 26 has a first main curvature 27 facing the upper face and along an axis of curvature 22a substantially parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the pawl. Said curvature is adapted to allow a substantially constant contact between the lower face 26 and the head 30 of the valve stem.
  • the radius 27a of the main curvature 27 of the lower face may vary substantially along the axis 23a of the actuating arm 23 from a first longitudinal end 26a of said lower face to the opposite longitudinal end 26b.
  • the radius of curvature may for example grow from a minimum value at the first longitudinal end 26a to a value of curvature greater than the opposite longitudinal end 26b.
  • Sliding profile is understood to mean the various phases of acceleration or slowing down of said sliding.
  • the axis of curvature 22a may also vary while being displaced while remaining parallel to the pivot axis 22.
  • the lower face of the contact head has a second curvature 28 along an axis of curvature 28a substantially parallel to the axis 23a of the actuating arm 23. Said axis of curvature 28a can thus have a deflection angle with the axis 23a. actuating arm.
  • the radius of curvature of the second curvature may also vary from a first end transverse to the second transverse end opposite the transverse axis, as the axis of curvature may vary for example be moved while remaining substantially parallel to the 23a axis of the actuating arm.
  • the second curvature has a substantially constant radius of curvature around the axis of curvature 28a.
  • the radius of curvature of the second curvature is substantially greater than the radius of curvature of the main curvature.
  • the association of the first main curvature 27 along an axis 22a parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the latch with the second curvature 28 along an axis transverse to the pivot axis 22 also causes the lower face 26 to have a varying curvature. along the axis 23a of the actuating arm.
  • the lower face 26 of the contact head is made of steel with a hardness greater than 55 HRC.
  • Valve return springs urge the valve stem toward the pawl and help maintain the head 30 of the rod in contact with the bottom 26 of the pawl. A substantially permanent contact is thus established between the cam 14 and the pawl 20 and between the latch and the rod head 31.
  • the surface of the lower face 26 is also covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction which may be DLC. No effort is placed on the latch 22 and its movement must therefore be as fluid as possible so as not to generate additional forces in the transmission of forces between the cam 14 and the valve stem 24.
  • the pawl has at the first end 21a of the actuating arm 23 a ring 40 which surrounds the pivot axis Y substantially parallel to the axis of the camshaft 20.
  • Said pivot axis is part of one end free 50 of a retaining protuberance 51.
  • the inside diameter of the ring 40 is substantially greater than the outside diameter of the pivot pin Y of the holding horn 51.
  • Said retaining protrusion comprises for example a holding body 52 secured to a wall element of the cylinder head by a fixing means.
  • Said fixing means is preferably a fastening screw passing through a fixing hole 53 dug through said holding body, and driven into a hole in the cylinder head.
  • the retaining ring 40 is preferably of cylindrical shape with a peripheral wall 41 having a radial thickness. Said ring surrounds the pivot axis Y by a contact surface 42b.
  • the holding ring 40 comprises a radial orifice 43 passing through the thickness of the peripheral wall 41 of said ring. Said orifice opens into a portion of a free outer surface of the ring, said orifice may for example be hollowed by a radial bore from a portion of free outer surface 42a of the ring which is not in line with the arm of actuation of the pawl.
  • Said orifice 43 is used to convey lubricating liquid from the outside of the ring 40 to the inner contact surface 42b of the ring.
  • the holding ring may also include a notch 44 at the peripheral edge 45 of the ring. Said indentation also makes it possible to bring lubricating liquid to the inner contact surface 42b of the ring.
  • the pawl is positioned to optimally transmit the rotational movements of the cam 14 in bearing movements on the head 30 of the valve stem 31 without the need to fix an element to said head 30 of valve stem, which reduces the masses involved and improves the operation of the valves and therefore the engine.
  • the latch is preferably made of light alloy steel.
  • the valve actuating device is arranged in the chamber 1 1 of the engine cylinder head.
  • the pawl is pivotally mounted about a fixed Y pivot axis integral with a wall element of the yoke, said pivot pin Y is part of the holding protrusion 51 attached to a wall element of the yoke.
  • the camshaft is rotated and the cam 14 bears on the latch 20 by its upper face and push the contact head 24 of said pawl towards the valve.
  • the pawl is then rotated about the pivot axis Y and allow the transmission of the bearing force on the valve stem head.
  • valve stem 31 is pushed in sliding towards the chamber of the cylinder to obtain an opening of the gas conduit.
  • the cam 14 then releases the contact with the latch 20.
  • the springs return of the valve will then push the valve stem 31 in the opposite direction against the contact head of the pawl against the cam.
  • the profile of the sliding of the rod that is to say the accelerations / slowing down of the displacement, is perfectly defined by the variations in curvature along the axis of the actuating arm of the curvature of the underside of the pawl.
  • the second curvature makes it possible to produce a force transverse to the axis of the valve stem 31 when the cam 14 presses on the contact head to push the valve stem towards the combustion chamber of the cylinder; said transverse force can then generate a rotation of the valve stem and thus of the valve around its axis.
  • an oil mist is formed by the supply of oil by different supply ramps (not shown).
  • the oil can then pass through the radial orifice 43 or through the notch 44 of the ring 40 to lubricate the inner contact surface 42b of the ring. Because of its function, no force is produced on the latch 20.
  • the contact between the ring and the pivot axis requires minimal lubrication without a specific oil supply duct.
  • Oil can also be deposited on the upper face 25 of the contact head of the pawl and lubricates the contact between the pawl and the cam.
  • the varnish deposited also reduces friction between the two elements.
  • the valve actuating device makes reliable the contact between the cam 14 and the valve stem head 31 with a pawl 20 easy to manufacture and a reduced mass.
  • Said latch 20 is pivotally mounted with an operating clearance around a pivot axis Y fixed simply to the cylinder head. The latch 20 makes it possible to control the sliding of the valve and to generate a rotation of the valve.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this plug, described above as examples, it encompasses all variants.
  • This is how we may add a friction reduction means between the actuating arm and the pivot axis such as for example a bearing without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • a longitudinal stop to replace the transverse wall element of the cylinder head. Said longitudinal stop is able to prevent excessive axial displacement of the actuating arm of the latch capable of interrupting the contact between the cam and the pawl or between the pawl and the valve stem head.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a breaker arm (20) of a device (10) for actuating a valve in a cylinder head of a heat engine of a motor vehicle by means of a camshaft arranged in a cylinder head of said engine, said breaker arm including an actuation arm (23) that can be pivoted about a pivot axis (22) and a contact head (24) that extends from a first end of said arm and is arranged between a cam of the camshaft and a valve. The invention is characterized in that the contact head comprises an underside (26) facing the valve, said underside being substantially convex and having a curvature (27) that varies along the axis of the actuation arm (23).

Description

LINGUET DE DISPOSITIF DE DISTRIBUTION DE MOTEUR  ENGINE DISTRIBUTION DEVICE LINGUET
Domaine technique de l'invention Technical field of the invention
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de distribution d'un nnoteur thermique ou à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile. La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes par un arbre à cames. The present invention relates to a device for dispensing a thermal or combustion engine nnot of a motor vehicle. The present invention relates more particularly to a device for actuating valves by a camshaft.
La présente invention concerne plus précisément un linguet partie d'un dispositif d'actionnement de soupape. The present invention more specifically relates to a pawl portion of a valve actuating device.
Etat de la technique Dans les véhicules automobiles équipés de moteur à combustion interne ou thermique, des dispositifs de distribution sont installés pour permettre l'admission d'air ou de gaz frais dans une chambre d'un cylindre du moteur puis l'évacuation des gaz brûlés suite à une combustion dans ladite chambre. Les dispositifs de distribution comprennent des soupapes mobiles en translation dans une culasse de moteur thermique. Une soupape est un organe mécanique de la distribution des moteurs thermiques permettant l'admission des gaz frais et l'évacuation des gaz brûlés. On distingue ainsi une soupape d'admission séparant le conduit d'admission de la chambre de combustion et une soupape d'échappement séparant ladite chambre de combustion d'un conduit d'échappement. La soupape utilisée dans le moteur de véhicule automobile est généralement une soupape à tige ou soupape à tulipe comprenant une tige prolongée à une extrémité par une tête évasée de soupape qui est apte à obturer un orifice de conduit débouchant dans la chambre à combustion. STATE OF THE ART In motor vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine or thermal engine, distribution devices are installed to allow the admission of air or fresh gas into a chamber of a cylinder of the engine and the evacuation of gases. burned following combustion in said chamber. The dispensing devices comprise valves movable in translation in a cylinder head of a heat engine. A valve is a mechanical member of the distribution of heat engines allowing the admission of fresh gases and the evacuation of flue gases. There is thus an intake valve separating the intake duct from the combustion chamber and an exhaust valve separating said combustion chamber from an exhaust duct. The valve used in the motor vehicle engine is generally a stem valve or tulip valve comprising a rod extended at one end by a flared valve head which is adapted to close a duct opening opening into the combustion chamber.
La soupape est actionnée généralement par un arbre à cames qui est adapté à pousser sur la tige de la soupape selon l'axe de ladite tige. Pour ce faire, l'arbre à cames porte des cames qui viennent appuyer sur une extrémité libre de la tige de soupape, ledit arbre est entraîné en rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement orthogonal à l'axe de la tige de soupape L'extrémité libre de la tige de soupape est donc poussée par une came fixée solidaire en rotation à l'arbre à cames, vers la chambre à combustion du cylindre pour autoriser l'ouverture du conduit d'admission d'air frais ou du conduit d'échappement ou d'évacuation des gaz brûlés. La tige coulisse en effet dans la culasse vers la chambre de combustion pour ouvrir un orifice d'un conduit d'entrée d'air ou d'échappement de gaz brûlés. La soupape est ensuite rappelée en position par un (ou plusieurs) ressort de rappel. The valve is actuated generally by a camshaft which is adapted to push on the stem of the valve along the axis of said rod. To do this, the camshaft carries cams that press against a free end of the valve stem, said shaft is rotated about an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the valve stem The free end of the valve stem is thus pushed by a fixed cam fixed in rotation to the camshaft, towards the combustion chamber of the cylinder to allow the opening of the fresh air intake duct or exhaust duct or flue gas exhaust duct. The rod slides in fact in the cylinder head to the combustion chamber to open an orifice of an air intake duct or exhaust gas burned. The valve is then returned to position by one (or more) return spring.
Ladite extrémité libre de la tige est généralement de section réduite et le contact entre la came et la tige de soupape peut être perturbé, ce qui est susceptible d'entraîner un dysfonctionnement du moteur thermique. Said free end of the rod is generally of reduced section and the contact between the cam and the valve stem can be disturbed, which is likely to cause a malfunction of the engine.
Il est connu d'augmenter ladite section de contact par exemple par l'ajout à l'extrémité libre de la tige d'un cylindre de contact solidaire de la tige et permettant de fiabiliser le contact entre la tige de soupape et la came. II est aussi connu de mettre en place entre la came et la tige de soupape un linguet de contact pour assurer la transmission du mouvement d'actionnement de la came sur l'extrémité libre de la tige de soupape. Ledit linguet est généralement composé d'un bras mobile en rotation autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de déplacement de la tige de soupape et d'une tête de linguet adaptée à appuyer sur l'extrémité libre de la tige de soupape. La came dans son mouvement de rotation vient appuyer sur une partie du bras du linguet pour provoquer un déplacement en translation de la tête de linguet et donc de l'extrémité de la tige de soupape. It is known to increase said contact section for example by adding to the free end of the rod a contact cylinder integral with the rod and to make reliable the contact between the valve stem and the cam. It is also known to set up between the cam and the valve stem a contact pawl to ensure the transmission of the actuating movement of the cam on the free end of the valve stem. Said pawl is generally composed of an arm movable in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of movement of the valve stem and a pawl head adapted to press on the free end of the valve stem. The cam in its rotational movement presses a portion of the arm of the pawl to cause a displacement in translation of the latch head and therefore the end of the valve stem.
Pour fiabiliser le contact d'une part entre la came et le linguet et d'autre part entre le linguet et la tige de soupape, des ressorts de rappels sont disposés respectivement sur le linguet et sur la soupape. Le mouvement de basculement des linguets est donc commandé par la came pour permettre le coulissement des soupapes vers leur position d'ouverture pour ouvrir l'orifice du conduit d'air ou de gaz, la fermeture de chaque soupape étant commandée par le ressort de rappel de la soupape. Le ressort de rappel de la soupape est lié à la technologie de la soupape et notre invention ne concerne pas ce domaine. To make reliable the contact on the one hand between the cam and the pawl and on the other hand between the pawl and the valve stem, recoil springs are arranged respectively on the pawl and on the valve. The tilting movement of the latches is therefore controlled by the cam to allow the valves to slide towards their open position to open the orifice of the air or gas duct, the closure of each valve being controlled by the return spring. of the valve. The return spring of the valve is related to valve technology and our invention does not relate to this area.
Le ressort de rappel sur le linguet peut complexifier le montage du dispositif de distribution. Dans l'art antérieur, de nombreuses recherches ont été effectuées pour réduire le phénomène d'affolement des soupapes. The return spring on the pawl can complicate the assembly of the dispensing device. In the prior art, much research has been done to reduce the phenomenon of panic valves.
On sait en effet que l'affolement des soupapes limite le régime maximum du moteur c'est-à-dire les performances du moteur et peut entraîner des dégradations mécaniques telles que la détérioration des pistons et des soupapes. It is known that the panic of the valves limits the maximum engine speed that is to say the engine performance and can cause mechanical damage such as the deterioration of the pistons and valves.
Les solutions connues pour limiter l'affolement de soupape sont les suivantes : Known solutions for limiting valve spatter are as follows:
-Diminution de la masse mobile de la soupape (utilisation de soupapes en titane, de coupelles en aluminium par exemple). -Diminution de la sévérité de la loi de levée (diminution des accélérations ou des jerks par exemple). -Decrease of the moving mass of the valve (use of titanium valves, aluminum cups for example). -Diminution of the severity of the law of emergence (decrease of acceleration or jerks for example).
-Augmentation de la fréquence propre de distribution. -Increased the natural frequency of distribution.
-Augmentation de l'effort de rappel du ressort (ressort double par exemple). -Combinaison des différentes solutions. -Increase of the return force of the spring (double spring for example). - Combination of different solutions.
Toutefois, ces solutions connues peuvent entraîner une augmentation de la masse mobile de la soupape et de la distribution, ce qui affecte le coût, l'encombrement et les performances du moteur. However, these known solutions can cause an increase in the moving mass of the valve and the distribution, which affects the cost, the size and the performance of the engine.
La publication FR2861 130-A1 divulgue un corps cylindrique disposé à l'extrémité d'une tige de soupape pour fiabiliser le contact entre ladite tige de soupape et un linguet mobile en basculement autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de ladite tige. La masse supplémentaire à l'extrémité de la tige entraine un fonctionnement moins dynamique de la soupape et une réduction de la performance du moteur. La publication FR2733539-A1 divulgue un linguet mobile en pivotement autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de coulissement/translation de la tige de soupape et disposé entre la came et l'extrémité de tige de soupape. Ledit linguet comprend un dispositif élastique de rappel pour assurer le contact entre le linguet et la came ce qui complexifie le dispositif d'actionnement des soupapes. The publication FR2861 130-A1 discloses a cylindrical body disposed at the end of a valve stem to make the contact between said valve stem and a movable latch tiltable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of said rod more reliable. The additional mass at the end of the rod results in less dynamic valve operation and reduced engine performance. The publication FR2733539-A1 discloses a movable pawl pivoting about an axis perpendicular to the axis of sliding / translation of the valve stem and disposed between the cam and the valve stem end. Said pawl comprises an elastic return device to ensure contact between the pawl and the cam which complicates the actuating device of the valves.
Pour assurer un fonctionnement optimal du moteur, il est nécessaire de contrôler le coulissement de la soupape et d'assurer un contact d'une part entre la came et le linguet et d'autre part entre le linguet et la tige de soupape. Pour assurer la fiabilité de fonctionnement du moteur, il est intéressant de faire tourner la soupape autour de son axe. Les linguets décrits dans les documents de l'art antérieur ne proposent pas une possibilité de rotation de la soupape. To ensure optimal operation of the motor, it is necessary to control the sliding of the valve and to ensure contact on the one hand between the cam and the pawl and on the other hand between the pawl and the valve stem. To ensure the reliable operation of the engine, it is interesting to rotate the valve about its axis. The latches described in the documents of the prior art do not provide a possibility of rotation of the valve.
Le but de l'invention est de remédier à ces problèmes et un des objets de l'invention est un linguet de distribution d'un dispositif d'actionnement de soupape, agencé dans une culasse de moteur thermique de véhicule automobile, ledit dispositif permet d'articuler ledit linguet de distribution disposé entre une tige de soupape et une came fixée solidaire d'un arbre à cames, dans un espace réduit , le linguet étant adapté pour entraîner en rotation la soupape. Bref résumé de l'invention The object of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a dispensing latch of a valve actuating device, arranged in a cylinder head of a motor vehicle engine, said device makes it possible to articulating said distribution latch disposed between a valve stem and a fixed cam integral with a camshaft, in a reduced space, the latch being adapted to rotate the valve. Brief summary of the invention
La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un linguet d'un dispositif d'actionnement de soupape par un arbre à cames agencé dans une culasse du moteur thermique de véhicule automobile, The present invention relates more particularly to a latch of a valve actuation device by a camshaft arranged in a cylinder head of the motor vehicle engine,
Ledit linguet comprenant un bras d'actionnement mobile en pivotement autour d'un axe de pivot sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de l'arbre à cames, et une tête de contact disposée à une première extrémité du bras d'actionnement, entre une came et une soupape, caractérisé en ce que la tête de contact comprend une face inférieure en regard avec la soupape, ladite face inférieure étant sensiblement convexe comportant une courbure variant le long de l'axe du bras d'actionnement. De manière avantageuse, la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet, en regard avec la tige de soupape est convexe c'est-à-dire tournée vers la came, pour maintenir le contact entre le linguet et la tige de soupape pendant le pivotement du linguet autour de l'axe de pivot. En effet, la came de l'arbre à cames comporte une section qui vient appuyer sur la tête de contact du linguet et fait pivoter ledit linguet autour de l'axe de pivot. Cet appui a pour conséquence de pousser la tige de soupape en coulissement vers une chambre de combustion d'un cylindre du moteur, ce qui éloigne ladite tige du linguet. La face inférieure convexe comportant une courbure avec une évolution de la courbure selon l'axe du bras d'actionnement permet alors de compenser les déplacements relatifs entre la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet et la tête de la tige de soupape et ainsi d'accompagner le coulissement de la tige de soupape en maintenant le contact de la tête de contact du linguet avec ladite tige de soupape. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention : Said latch comprising an actuating arm movable pivotally about a pivot axis substantially parallel to the axis of the camshaft, and a contact head disposed at a first end of the actuating arm, between a cam and a valve, characterized in that the contact head comprises a lower face facing the valve, said lower face being substantially convex having a curvature varying along the axis of the actuating arm. Advantageously, the lower face of the contact head of the pawl, opposite the valve stem is convex, that is to say turned towards the cam, to maintain contact between the pawl and the valve stem during the pivoting of the pawl around the pivot axis. Indeed, the cam of the camshaft has a section which presses on the contact head of the pawl and pivots said pawl around the pivot axis. This support has the effect of pushing the valve stem sliding towards a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine, which distances said rod from the pawl. The convex lower face comprising a curvature with an evolution of the curvature along the axis of the actuating arm then makes it possible to compensate for the relative displacements between the lower face of the contact head of the pawl and the head of the valve stem and thus to accompany the sliding of the valve stem by maintaining contact of the contact head of the pawl with said valve stem. According to other features of the invention:
- la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet comprend une première courbure sensiblement autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de pivot du linguet.  - The underside of the contact head of the pawl comprises a first curvature substantially about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl.
De manière avantageuse, la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet comporte une première courbure sensiblement autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de pivot du linguet pour accompagner le coulissement de la tige de soupape tout en maintenant le contact entre la tige de soupape et le linguet, lors du pivotement du linguet autour de son axe de pivot.  Advantageously, the lower face of the contact head of the pawl has a first curvature substantially about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl to accompany the sliding of the valve stem while maintaining contact between the rod. valve and the pawl, when pivoting the latch about its pivot axis.
- la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet comprend une seconde courbure autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du bras d'actionnement du linguet.  - The underside of the contact head of the pawl comprises a second curvature about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the actuating arm of the pawl.
De manière avantageuse, la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet comporte une seconde courbure autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du bras d'actionnement du linguet, ladite courbure est adaptée à exercer une force sur la soupape selon une direction transversale à l'axe de ladite soupape ce qui entraine une rotation de ladite tige de soupape et de la soupape autour de son axe lorsque la came vient appuyer sur le linguet et sur la tige de soupape pour ouvrir le conduit de gaz vers la chambre de combustion du cylindre. Advantageously, the lower face of the contact head of the latch has a second curvature about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the actuator arm of the latch, said curvature is adapted to exert a force on the valve according to a direction transverse to the axis of said valve which causes a rotation of said valve stem and the valve about its axis when the cam presses the pawl and the rod of valve to open the gas duct to the cylinder combustion chamber.
Ainsi la came appuie sur le linguet pour engendrer un coulissement de la soupape pour libérer une ouverture de conduit de gaz vers une chambre de combustion d'un cylindre, ledit coulissement est accompagné par une rotation de la soupape autour de son axe.  Thus the cam presses on the pawl to cause a sliding of the valve to release a gas conduit opening to a combustion chamber of a cylinder, said sliding is accompanied by a rotation of the valve about its axis.
- la tête de contact du linguet comprend une face supérieure opposée et en regard de la came de l'arbre à cames, ladite face étant concave et présentant une courbure unique.  - The contact head of the pawl comprises an opposite upper face and facing the cam of the camshaft, said face being concave and having a single curvature.
De manière avantageuse, la tête de contact du linguet comporte une face supérieure en regard de la came de l'arbre à cames qui est concave et qui présente une courbure unique pour accompagner le mouvement d'appui de ladite came en rotation. En effet, la came vient appuyer sur la face supérieure lors de son mouvement en rotation, ce qui provoque un glissement du contact entre la came et la face supérieure du linguet et une possible séparation des deux éléments. Une face supérieure concave c'est-à-dire tournée vers la soupape permet de maintenir de façon optimale le contact entre les deux éléments lors de la rotation de la came.  Advantageously, the contact head of the latch has an upper face facing the cam of the camshaft which is concave and which has a single curvature to accompany the bearing movement of said cam rotation. Indeed, the cam presses on the upper face during its rotational movement, which causes a sliding of the contact between the cam and the upper face of the pawl and a possible separation of the two elements. A concave upper face that is to say turned towards the valve to maintain optimal contact between the two elements during the rotation of the cam.
- la courbure de la face supérieure est selon un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot du linguet. - The curvature of the upper face is along an axis substantially parallel to the pivot axis of the pawl.
De manière avantageuse, la courbure de la face supérieure concave est selon un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot du linguet afin de maintenir de façon optimale le contact entre la came et la face supérieure du linguet lors de la rotation de la came, ledit axe de pivot du linguet étant sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de rotation de la came. Advantageously, the curvature of the concave upper face is along an axis substantially parallel to the axis of pivot of the pawl in order to optimally maintain the contact between the cam and the upper face of the pawl during the rotation of the cam, said pivot axis of the latch being substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the cam.
-la face supérieure de la tête de contact du linguet est recouverte de matière de glissement à faible coefficient de frottement. the upper face of the contact head of the pawl is covered with sliding material with a low coefficient of friction.
De manière avantageuse, la face supérieure de la tête de contact du linguet est recouverte d'une matière de glissement à faible coefficient de frottement pour autoriser un glissement aisé de la came sur toute la surface de la face supérieure du linguet et réduire les frottements entre les deux éléments lors de leur déplacement relatif l'un par rapport à l'autre ; lesdits frottements peuvent entraîner une surconsommation indésirable du moteur. Advantageously, the upper face of the contact head of the pawl is covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction to allow easy sliding of the cam over the entire surface of the upper face of the pawl and reduce friction between both elements when moving relative to each other; said friction can cause undesirable overconsumption of the engine.
-la face supérieure de la tête de contact du linguet comporte une largeur selon l'axe de pivotement du linguet différente de la largeur de la came de l'arbre à cames.  the upper face of the contact head of the latch has a width along the axis of pivoting of the latch different from the width of the cam of the camshaft.
De manière avantageuse, la face supérieure de la tête de contact du linguet comporte une largeur selon l'axe de pivotement du linguet différente de la largeur de la came de l'arbre à cames afin d'assurer un contact sensiblement permanent entre ladite came et ladite face supérieure.  Advantageously, the upper face of the contact head of the latch has a width along the axis of pivoting of the latch different from the width of the cam of the camshaft to ensure a substantially permanent contact between said cam and said upper face.
-le linguet comprend un anneau d'accrochage fixé à la seconde extrémité opposée du bras d'actionnement, ledit anneau est adapté à entourer l'axe de pivot par une surface de contact.  the latch comprises a latching ring fixed to the second opposite end of the actuating arm, said ring being adapted to surround the pivot axis by a contact surface.
De manière avantageuse, le linguet comprend un anneau d'accrochage qui prolonge le bras d'actionnement à la seconde extrémité opposée à la première extrémité avec la tête de contact ; ledit anneau étant adapté à entourer l'axe de pivot par une surface de contact. Le linguet est donc rattaché simplement à un élément fixé solidaire de la culasse.  Advantageously, the latch comprises a latching ring which extends the actuating arm at the second end opposite the first end with the contact head; said ring being adapted to surround the pivot axis by a contact surface. The pawl is simply attached to a fixed element secured to the yoke.
-l'anneau comprend un orifice radial traversant l'épaisseur dudit anneau pour amener du liquide lubrifiant vers la surface de contact.  the ring comprises a radial orifice passing through the thickness of said ring in order to supply lubricating liquid towards the contact surface.
-le linguet comprend une échancrure en bordure périphérique de l'anneau.  the pawl comprises an indentation at the peripheral edge of the ring.
De manière avantageuse, l'anneau comporte un orifice traversant l'épaisseur de l'anneau et une échancrure en bordure périphérique de l'anneau adaptés à amener du liquide lubrifiant vers la surface de contact du linguet afin de réduire les frottements entre le linguet et l'axe de pivot qui sont susceptibles de générer d'une part un échauffement des deux éléments en contact et d'autre part une surconsommation indésirable du moteur.  Advantageously, the ring comprises an orifice through the thickness of the ring and a notch peripheral edge of the ring adapted to bring lubricating liquid to the contact surface of the pawl to reduce friction between the pawl and the pivot axis which are capable of generating on the one hand a heating of the two elements in contact and on the other hand undesirable overconsumption of the engine.
De manière avantageuse, le linguet est monté mobile en pivotement autour de l'extrémité axiale libre d'une protubérance de maintien fixée solidaire à la culasse, ce qui facilite le montage du dispositif dans l'espace réduit dans la culasse. Le linguet n'est associé à des mécanismes de rappel qui auraient pour conséquence de complexifier le dispositif d'actionnement. La protubérance de maintien comporte de manière préférentielle au moins une extrémité libre entourée par l'anneau du linguet. Advantageously, the pawl is pivotally mounted around the free axial end of a fixed holding protrusion integral with the yoke, which facilitates mounting of the device in the reduced space in the cylinder head. The pawl is associated with return mechanisms that would have the effect of complicating the actuating device. The protuberance of maintenance preferably comprises at least one free end surrounded by the pawl ring.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés sur les dessins annexés, dans lesquels: Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
-la figure l est une vue de coupe transversale représentative du dispositif d'actionnement de soupape selon l'invention. -la figure 2 représente une vue schématique du linguet selon l'invention selon un premier point de vue. FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view representative of the valve actuating device according to the invention. FIG 2 shows a schematic view of the latch according to the invention according to a first point of view.
La figure 3 représente une vue schématique du linguet selon un second point de vue opposé au premier point de vue. Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the latch according to a second point of view opposite to the first point of view.
-la figure 4 est une vue de coupe de dessus du dispositif monté dans la culasse. FIG 4 is a top sectional view of the device mounted in the cylinder head.
-la figure 5 est une vue schématique d'une extrémité du linguet selon l'invention pour être disposée entre une came et une tige de soupape. FIG 5 is a schematic view of one end of the latch according to the invention to be disposed between a cam and a valve stem.
Description détaillée des figures Detailed description of the figures
Dans la description qui va suivre, des chiffres de référence identiques désignent des pièces identiques ou ayant des fonctions similaires. In the following description, like reference numerals designate like parts or having similar functions.
Comme représenté dans les figures 1 et 5, un dispositif d'actionnement 10 de soupapes est disposé dans une chambre 1 1 dans une culasse 12 de moteur thermique (non représenté) pour assurer la transmission du mouvement rotatif d'un arbre à cames à des soupapes et engendrer un coulissement desdites soupapes selon leur axe pour ouvrir un conduit d'air ou de gaz. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a valve actuating device 10 is disposed in a chamber 11 in a cylinder head 12 of a heat engine (not shown) to ensure the transmission of the rotary motion of a camshaft to valves and cause a sliding of said valves along their axis to open an air duct or gas.
De manière connue, un arbre à cames 13 est monté mobile en rotation entraîné par une rotation de vilebrequin (non représenté) grâce à un élément de transmission tel qu'une chaîne et une roue dentée (non représentés). Ledit arbre à cames porte plusieurs cames 14 montées solidaires en rotation dudit arbre. In known manner, a camshaft 13 is rotatably mounted driven by a crankshaft rotation (not shown) by means of a crankshaft element. transmission such as a chain and a toothed wheel (not shown). Said camshaft carries a plurality of cams 14 mounted to rotate with said shaft.
Selon la représentation de la figure 5, un linguet 20 est disposé entre la came 14 et une tête 30 de tige 31 de soupape 32 pour assurer la transmission du mouvement rotatif de la came en un mouvement de translation de la tige 31 de soupape selon l'axe de ladite tige. Le linguet 20 est mobile en pivotement autour d'un axe de pivot Y fixé solidaire à un élément de paroi de la culasse. Le linguet s'étend longitudinalement selon un axe 23a sensiblement orthogonal à l'axe de l'arbre à cames et ledit linguet comprend une première extrémité entourant ledit axe de pivot et une seconde extrémité opposée disposée entre la came 14 et la tige 31 de soupape lorsque le linguet est monté dans sa position de fonctionnement. On parlera dans la suite du document d'axe de pivot du linguet 22 qui est un axe d'un anneau cylindrique adapté à entourer l'axe de pivot Y fixé à la culasse. L'axe de pivot 22 du linguet est confondu avec l'axe de pivot Y lorsque le linguet est monté dans sa position de fonctionnement. According to the representation of FIG. 5, a pawl 20 is disposed between the cam 14 and a valve stem head 31 to ensure the transmission of the rotary movement of the cam in a translational movement of the valve stem 31 according to FIG. axis of said rod. The pawl 20 is pivotally movable about a fixed Y pivot axis secured to a wall element of the yoke. The pawl extends longitudinally along an axis 23a substantially orthogonal to the axis of the camshaft and said latch comprises a first end surrounding said pivot axis and an opposite second end disposed between the cam 14 and the valve stem 31 when the pawl is mounted in its operating position. Hereinafter, reference will be made to the pivot axis document of the latch 22 which is an axis of a cylindrical ring adapted to surround the pivot axis Y fixed to the cylinder head. The pivot axis 22 of the pawl coincides with the pivot axis Y when the pawl is mounted in its operating position.
Tel que représenté en figures 2 et 3, le linguet 20 comprend un bras d'actionnement 23 prolongé à une première extrémité 21 a par un anneau et à la seconde extrémité 21 b opposée par une tête de contact 24. L'axe 23a du linguet est confondu avec l'axe du bras d'actionnement 23. Ladite tête de contact 24 est disposée entre la came 14 et la tête 30 de tige 31 de soupape, une fois le linguet monté dans sa position de fonctionnement dans la culasse. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the latch 20 comprises an actuating arm 23 extended at a first end 21a by a ring and at the second end 21b opposite by a contact head 24. The axis 23a of the latch is merged with the axis of the actuating arm 23. Said contact head 24 is disposed between the cam 14 and the valve stem head 31, once the pawl mounted in its operating position in the cylinder head.
Ladite tête de contact 24 comprend une face supérieure de contact 25 en regard de la came 14 et une face inférieure d'appui opposée 26 en regard de la tige 31 de soupape. Said contact head 24 comprises an upper contact face 25 facing the cam 14 and a lower opposite bearing face 26 facing the valve stem 31.
La face supérieure de contact 25 est conformée pour rester en contact sensiblement permanent avec la came 14 lors du déplacement rotatif de ladite came. La face supérieure 25 est sensiblement concave c'est-à-dire que la face supérieure présente une courbure tournée vers la face inférieure 26. Selon le mode réalisation présenté en figures 2 et 3, la face supérieure 25 présente une unique courbure selon un axe 22b sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot 22 du linguet 20. Ladite courbure de la face supérieure 25 est adaptée pour permettre un contact sensiblement permanent entre la came et ladite face supérieure de la tête de contact du linguet. The upper contact face 25 is shaped to remain in substantially constant contact with the cam 14 during the rotational movement of said cam. The upper face 25 is substantially concave, that is to say that the upper face has a curvature turned towards the lower face 26. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, the upper face 25 has a single curvature along an axis 22b substantially parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the pawl 20. Said curvature of the upper face 25 is adapted to allow a substantially permanent contact between the cam and said upper face of the contact head of the latch.
Telle que présentée dans la figure 4, de manière préférentielle, la face supérieure présente une largeur selon un axe transversal parallèle à l'axe de pivot 22, différente de la largeur de la came. La largeur de la face supérieure peut être supérieure à la largeur de la came pour assurer le contact entre la came et le linguet avec une réduction dudit contact. La largeur de la face supérieure peut être inférieure à la largeur de la came pour obtenir un fonctionnement plus dynamique du linguet et donc de la came. De cette façon, les deux éléments resteront toujours en contact l'un avec l'autre malgré des vibrations générées lors du fonctionnement du moteur qui peuvent provoquer des déplacements relatifs entre la came et le linguet selon l'axe transversal. As shown in Figure 4, preferably, the upper face has a width along a transverse axis parallel to the pivot axis 22, different from the width of the cam. The width of the upper face may be greater than the width of the cam to ensure contact between the cam and the pawl with a reduction of said contact. The width of the upper face may be smaller than the width of the cam to obtain a more dynamic operation of the pawl and therefore of the cam. In this way, the two elements will always remain in contact with each other despite vibrations generated during operation of the motor that can cause relative movements between the cam and the pawl along the transverse axis.
Lors de la rotation de la came 14, le contact entre la came 14 et la face supérieure 25 se déplace sur la surface de la face supérieure. Il est donc nécessaire de réduire au maximum les frottements entre la came et le linguet. De manière préférentielle, ladite face supérieure est recouverte d'une matière de glissement à faible coefficient de frottement. Cette matière peut par exemple être un vernis DLC pour « Diamond Like Carbon » en anglais qui présente des caractéristiques de friction à sec de l'ordre de 0.1 (compris entre 0.8 et 1 .8) et une rugosité Ra de l'ordre de 0,02 μιτι. During the rotation of the cam 14, the contact between the cam 14 and the upper face 25 moves on the surface of the upper face. It is therefore necessary to minimize the friction between the cam and the pawl. Preferably, said upper face is covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. This material may for example be a DLC varnish for "Diamond Like Carbon" in English which has dry friction characteristics of the order of 0.1 (between 0.8 and 1.8) and a roughness Ra of the order of 0 , 02 μιτι.
De manière préférentielle, la face supérieure est fabriquée en acier avec une dureté supérieure ou égale à 55 HRC (dureté Rockwell). Preferably, the upper face is made of steel with a hardness greater than or equal to 55 HRC (Rockwell hardness).
La face inférieure d'appui 26 est conformée pour rester en contact avec la tête 30 de tige 31 de soupape lors du déplacement en translation de la tige de soupape selon l'axe de la tige 24. The lower bearing surface 26 is shaped to remain in contact with the valve stem head 31 during the translational movement of the valve stem along the axis of the rod 24.
La tête de contact du linguet comporte une face inférieure en regard avec la tige de soupape convexe c'est-à-dire que la face inférieure 26 présente une courbure tournée vers la face supérieure 25. La face inférieure 26 présente une première courbure principale 27 tournée vers la face supérieure et selon un axe de courbure 22a sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot 22 du linguet. Ladite courbure est adaptée pour permettre un contact sensiblement constant entre la face inférieure 26 et la tête 30 de la tige de soupape. De manière préférentielle, le rayon 27a de la courbure principale 27 de la face inférieure peut varier sensiblement selon l'axe 23a du bras d'actionnement 23 depuis une première extrémité longitudinale 26a de ladite face inférieure à l'extrémité longitudinale opposée 26b. Le rayon de courbure peut par exemple croître depuis une valeur minimale à la première extrémité longitudinale 26a jusqu'à une valeur de courbure supérieure à l'extrémité longitudinale opposée 26b. De cette façon, l'appui de la came sur la tête de contact est susceptible de produire un coulissement précis selon un profil de coulissement désiré de la tige de soupape. On entend par profil de coulissement les différentes phases d'accélération ou de ralentissement dudit coulissement. The contact head of the pawl has a lower face facing the convex valve stem, that is to say that the lower face 26 has a curvature turned towards the upper face 25. The lower face 26 has a first main curvature 27 facing the upper face and along an axis of curvature 22a substantially parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the pawl. Said curvature is adapted to allow a substantially constant contact between the lower face 26 and the head 30 of the valve stem. Preferably, the radius 27a of the main curvature 27 of the lower face may vary substantially along the axis 23a of the actuating arm 23 from a first longitudinal end 26a of said lower face to the opposite longitudinal end 26b. The radius of curvature may for example grow from a minimum value at the first longitudinal end 26a to a value of curvature greater than the opposite longitudinal end 26b. In this way, the support of the cam on the contact head is able to produce a precise sliding according to a desired sliding profile of the valve stem. Sliding profile is understood to mean the various phases of acceleration or slowing down of said sliding.
L'axe de courbure 22a peut également varier en étant déplacé tout en restant parallèle à l'axe de pivot 22. The axis of curvature 22a may also vary while being displaced while remaining parallel to the pivot axis 22.
La face inférieure de la tête de contact présente une seconde courbure 28 selon un axe de courbure 28a sensiblement parallèle avec l'axe 23a du bras d'actionnement 23. Ledit axe de courbure 28a peut ainsi présenter un angle de déviation avec l'axe 23a du bras d'actionnement. The lower face of the contact head has a second curvature 28 along an axis of curvature 28a substantially parallel to the axis 23a of the actuating arm 23. Said axis of curvature 28a can thus have a deflection angle with the axis 23a. actuating arm.
Le rayon de courbure de la seconde courbure peut également varier depuis une première extrémité transversale à la seconde extrémité transversale opposée selon l'axe transversal, de même que l'axe de courbure peut varier par exemple être déplacé tout en restant sensiblement parallèle à l'axe 23a du bras d'actionnement. The radius of curvature of the second curvature may also vary from a first end transverse to the second transverse end opposite the transverse axis, as the axis of curvature may vary for example be moved while remaining substantially parallel to the 23a axis of the actuating arm.
Selon un mode de réalisation présenté en figure 3, la seconde courbure présente un rayon de courbure sensiblement constant autour de l'axe de courbure 28a. De manière préférentielle, le rayon de courbure de la seconde courbure est sensiblement supérieur au rayon de courbure de la courbure principale. L'association de la première courbure principale 27 selon un axe 22a parallèle à l'axe de pivot 22 du linguet avec la seconde courbure 28 selon un axe transversal à l'axe de pivot 22 entraine également que la face inférieure 26 comporte une courbure variant le long de l'axe 23a du bras d'actionnement. De manière préférentielle, la face inférieure 26 de la tête de contact est en acier avec une dureté supérieure à 55 HRC. According to an embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the second curvature has a substantially constant radius of curvature around the axis of curvature 28a. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the second curvature is substantially greater than the radius of curvature of the main curvature. The association of the first main curvature 27 along an axis 22a parallel to the pivot axis 22 of the latch with the second curvature 28 along an axis transverse to the pivot axis 22 also causes the lower face 26 to have a varying curvature. along the axis 23a of the actuating arm. Preferably, the lower face 26 of the contact head is made of steel with a hardness greater than 55 HRC.
Des ressorts de rappel de la soupape (non représentés) poussent la tige de soupape en direction du linguet et aident à maintenir la tête 30 de la tige au contact avec la face inférieure 26 d'appui du linguet. Un contact sensiblement permanent est de ce fait établi entre la came 14 et le linguet 20 et entre le linguet et la tête 30 de tige 31 . Valve return springs (not shown) urge the valve stem toward the pawl and help maintain the head 30 of the rod in contact with the bottom 26 of the pawl. A substantially permanent contact is thus established between the cam 14 and the pawl 20 and between the latch and the rod head 31.
De manière préférentielle, la surface de la face inférieure 26 est recouverte également d'une matière de glissement à faible coefficient de frottement qui peut être du DLC. Aucun effort n'est porté sur le linguet 22 et son mouvement doit donc être le plus fluide possible pour ne pas générer des efforts supplémentaires dans la transmission des efforts entre la came 14 et la tige 24 de soupape. Preferably, the surface of the lower face 26 is also covered with a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction which may be DLC. No effort is placed on the latch 22 and its movement must therefore be as fluid as possible so as not to generate additional forces in the transmission of forces between the cam 14 and the valve stem 24.
Le linguet comporte à la première extrémité 21 a du bras d'actionnement 23 un anneau 40 qui entoure l'axe de pivot Y sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de l'arbre à cames 20. Ledit axe de pivot est partie d'une extrémité libre 50 d'une protubérance de maintien 51 . Le diamètre intérieur de l'anneau 40 est sensiblement supérieur au diamètre extérieur de l'axe de pivot Y de la corne de maintien 51 . Ladite protubérance de maintien comprend par exemple un corps de maintien 52 fixé solidaire à un élément de paroi de la culasse par un moyen de fixation. Ledit moyen de fixation est de manière préférentielle une vis de fixation traversant un trou de fixation 53 creusé au travers dudit corps de maintien, et enfoncée dans un trou dans la culasse. The pawl has at the first end 21a of the actuating arm 23 a ring 40 which surrounds the pivot axis Y substantially parallel to the axis of the camshaft 20. Said pivot axis is part of one end free 50 of a retaining protuberance 51. The inside diameter of the ring 40 is substantially greater than the outside diameter of the pivot pin Y of the holding horn 51. Said retaining protrusion comprises for example a holding body 52 secured to a wall element of the cylinder head by a fixing means. Said fixing means is preferably a fastening screw passing through a fixing hole 53 dug through said holding body, and driven into a hole in the cylinder head.
L'anneau de maintien 40 est de manière préférentielle de forme cylindrique avec une paroi 41 périphérique présentant une épaisseur radiale. Ledit anneau entoure l'axe de pivot Y par une surface de contact 42b. Selon les figures 2 et 3, l'anneau de maintien 40 comprend un orifice radial 43 traversant l'épaisseur de la paroi périphérique 41 dudit anneau. Ledit orifice débouche dans une partie de surface extérieure libre de l'anneau, Ledit orifice peut par exemple être creusé par un perçage radial depuis une partie de surface extérieure libre 42a de l'anneau qui n'est pas dans le prolongement du bras d'actionnement du linguet. Ledit orifice 43 permet d'acheminer du liquide lubrifiant depuis l'extérieur de l'anneau 40 jusqu'à la surface de contact intérieure 42b de l'anneau. The retaining ring 40 is preferably of cylindrical shape with a peripheral wall 41 having a radial thickness. Said ring surrounds the pivot axis Y by a contact surface 42b. According to FIGS. 2 and 3, the holding ring 40 comprises a radial orifice 43 passing through the thickness of the peripheral wall 41 of said ring. Said orifice opens into a portion of a free outer surface of the ring, said orifice may for example be hollowed by a radial bore from a portion of free outer surface 42a of the ring which is not in line with the arm of actuation of the pawl. Said orifice 43 is used to convey lubricating liquid from the outside of the ring 40 to the inner contact surface 42b of the ring.
L'anneau de maintien peut également comprendre une échancrure 44 en bordure périphérique 45 de l'anneau. Ladite échancrure permet également d'amener du liquide lubrifiant vers la surface de contact intérieure 42b de l'anneau. The holding ring may also include a notch 44 at the peripheral edge 45 of the ring. Said indentation also makes it possible to bring lubricating liquid to the inner contact surface 42b of the ring.
Tel que représente dans la figure 5, le linguet est positionné pour transmettre de façon optimale les mouvements de rotation de la came 14 en mouvements d'appui sur la tête 30de la tige 31 de soupape sans nécessiter de fixer un élément à ladite tête 30 de tige de soupape, ce qui permet de réduire les masses en jeu et d'améliorer le fonctionnement des soupapes et donc du moteur. As represented in FIG. 5, the pawl is positioned to optimally transmit the rotational movements of the cam 14 in bearing movements on the head 30 of the valve stem 31 without the need to fix an element to said head 30 of valve stem, which reduces the masses involved and improves the operation of the valves and therefore the engine.
Le linguet est de manière préférentielle en alliage léger d'acier. Selon la figure 5, le dispositif d'actionnement de soupapes est agencé dans la chambre 1 1 de la culasse de moteur thermique. Le linguet est monté mobile en pivotement autour d'un axe de pivot Y fixé solidaire d'un élément de paroi de la culasse, ledit axe de pivot Y est partie de la protubérance de maintien 51 fixée à un élément de paroi de la culasse. Lors du fonctionnement du moteur, l'arbre à cames est mis en rotation et la came 14 vient en appui sur le linguet 20 par sa face supérieure et pousser la tête de contact 24 dudit linguet en direction de la soupape. Le linguet est alors entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe de pivot Y et permettre la transmission de l'effort d'appui sur la tête de la tige de soupape. Ladite tige 31 de soupape est poussée en coulissement vers la chambre du cylindre pour obtenir une ouverture du conduit de gaz. La came 14 relâche ensuite le contact avec le linguet 20. Les ressorts de rappel de la soupape vont alors repousser la tige 31 de soupape dans le sens opposé contre la tête de contact du linguet contre la came. Le profil du coulissement de la tige c'est-à-dire des accélérations/ralentissements du déplacement est parfaitement défini par les variations de courbure le long de l'axe du bras d'actionnement de la courbure de la face inférieure du linguet. The latch is preferably made of light alloy steel. According to Figure 5, the valve actuating device is arranged in the chamber 1 1 of the engine cylinder head. The pawl is pivotally mounted about a fixed Y pivot axis integral with a wall element of the yoke, said pivot pin Y is part of the holding protrusion 51 attached to a wall element of the yoke. During operation of the motor, the camshaft is rotated and the cam 14 bears on the latch 20 by its upper face and push the contact head 24 of said pawl towards the valve. The pawl is then rotated about the pivot axis Y and allow the transmission of the bearing force on the valve stem head. Said valve stem 31 is pushed in sliding towards the chamber of the cylinder to obtain an opening of the gas conduit. The cam 14 then releases the contact with the latch 20. The springs return of the valve will then push the valve stem 31 in the opposite direction against the contact head of the pawl against the cam. The profile of the sliding of the rod, that is to say the accelerations / slowing down of the displacement, is perfectly defined by the variations in curvature along the axis of the actuating arm of the curvature of the underside of the pawl.
La seconde courbure permet de produire un effort transversal à l'axe de la tige 31 de soupape lorsque la came 14 vient appuyer sur la tête de contact pour pousser la tige de soupape vers la chambre de combustion du cylindre ; ledit effort transversal peut alors générer une rotation de la tige de soupape et donc de la soupape autour de son axe. The second curvature makes it possible to produce a force transverse to the axis of the valve stem 31 when the cam 14 presses on the contact head to push the valve stem towards the combustion chamber of the cylinder; said transverse force can then generate a rotation of the valve stem and thus of the valve around its axis.
Dans la chambre 1 1 de la culasse, un brouillard d'huile est formé par l'amenée d'huile par différentes rampes d'amenée (non représentées). L'huile peut alors passer par l'orifice radial 43 ou par l'échancrure 44 de l'anneau 40 pour lubrifier la surface de contact intérieure 42b de l'anneau. De par sa fonction, aucun effort n'est produit sur le linguet 20. Le contact entre l'anneau et l'axe de pivot nécessite une lubrification minime sans conduit d'amenée d'huile spécifique. In the chamber 1 1 of the cylinder head, an oil mist is formed by the supply of oil by different supply ramps (not shown). The oil can then pass through the radial orifice 43 or through the notch 44 of the ring 40 to lubricate the inner contact surface 42b of the ring. Because of its function, no force is produced on the latch 20. The contact between the ring and the pivot axis requires minimal lubrication without a specific oil supply duct.
De l'huile peut également se déposer sur la face supérieure 25 de la tête de contact du linguet et permet de lubrifier le contact entre le linguet et la came. Le vernis déposé permet aussi de réduire les frottements entre les deux éléments. Oil can also be deposited on the upper face 25 of the contact head of the pawl and lubricates the contact between the pawl and the cam. The varnish deposited also reduces friction between the two elements.
L'objectif de l'invention est atteint : le dispositif d'actionnement de soupape permet de fiabiliser le contact entre la came 14 et la tête 30 de tige 31 de soupape avec un linguet 20 facile à fabriquer et d'une masse réduite. Ledit linguet 20 est monté mobile en pivotement avec un jeu de fonctionnement autour d'un axe de pivot Y fixé simplement à la culasse. Le linguet 20 permet de maîtriser le coulissement de la soupape et de générer une rotation de la soupape. The object of the invention is achieved: the valve actuating device makes reliable the contact between the cam 14 and the valve stem head 31 with a pawl 20 easy to manufacture and a reduced mass. Said latch 20 is pivotally mounted with an operating clearance around a pivot axis Y fixed simply to the cylinder head. The latch 20 makes it possible to control the sliding of the valve and to generate a rotation of the valve.
Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de cette prise, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. C'est ainsi notamment que on pourra ajouter un moyen de réduction de frottement entre le bras d'actionnement et l'axe de pivot tel que par exemple un roulement sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention. On pourra également disposer une butée longitudinale en remplacement de l'élément de paroi transversal de la culasse. Ladite butée longitudinale est apte à empêcher un déplacement axial trop important du bras d'actionnement du linguet susceptible d'interrompre le contact entre la came et le linguet ou entre le linguet et la tête de la tige de soupape. As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this plug, described above as examples, it encompasses all variants. This is how we may add a friction reduction means between the actuating arm and the pivot axis such as for example a bearing without departing from the scope of the invention. It will also be possible to have a longitudinal stop to replace the transverse wall element of the cylinder head. Said longitudinal stop is able to prevent excessive axial displacement of the actuating arm of the latch capable of interrupting the contact between the cam and the pawl or between the pawl and the valve stem head.

Claims

Revendications claims
1 . Linguet (20) d'un dispositif d'actionnement (10) de soupape dans une culasse de moteur thermique de véhicule automobile par un arbre à cames (14) agencé dans une culasse dudit moteur, 1. Linguet (20) of a valve actuating device (10) in a motor vehicle engine cylinder head by a camshaft (14) arranged in a cylinder head of said engine,
Ledit linguet comprenant  Said latch comprising
-un bras d'actionnement (23) mobile en pivotement autour d'un axe de pivot (22)  an actuating arm (23) able to pivot about a pivot axis (22)
-et une tête de contact (24) prolongeant une première extrémité dudit bras et disposée entre une came (14) de l'arbre à cames et une soupape (32), caractérisé en ce que en ce que la tête de contact comprend une face inférieure (26) en regard avec la soupape (32), ladite face inférieure étant sensiblement convexe comportant une courbure (27) variant le long de l'axe du bras d'actionnement (23).  and a contact head (24) extending a first end of said arm and disposed between a cam (14) of the camshaft and a valve (32), characterized in that the contact head comprises a face lower (26) facing the valve (32), said lower face being substantially convex having a curvature (27) varying along the axis of the actuating arm (23).
2. Linguet (20) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la face inférieure de la tête de contact du linguet comprend une courbure autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot (22). 2. Linguet (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the underside of the pintle contact head comprises a curvature about an axis substantially parallel to the pivot axis (22).
3. Linguet (20) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la face inférieure (26) de la tête de contact (24) du linguet comprend une courbure sensiblement autour de l'axe du bras d'actionnement (23).  3. Linguet (20) according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower face (26) of the contact head (24) of the latch comprises a curvature substantially about the axis of the actuating arm (23).
4. Linguet (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tête de contact (24) du linguet comprend une face supérieure (25) opposée à la face inférieure (26) et en regard de la came (14) de l'arbre à cames, ladite face supérieure étant concave et présentant une courbure unique.  4. Linguet (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the contact head (24) of the pawl comprises an upper face (25) opposite the lower face (26) and facing the cam (14) of the camshaft, said upper face being concave and having a single curvature.
5. Linguet (20) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce la courbure de la face supérieure est selon un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de pivot (22, Y).  5. Linguet (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the curvature of the upper face is along an axis substantially parallel to the pivot axis (22, Y).
6. Linguet (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la face supérieure (25) de la tête de contact (24) du linguet est recouverte de matière de glissement à faible coefficient de frottement. 6. Linguet (20) according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the upper face (25) of the contact head (24) of the pawl is covered with slip material with a low coefficient of friction.
7. Linguet (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la face supérieure (25) de la tête de contact (24) du linguet comporte une largeur selon l'axe de pivot (22) différente de la largeur de la came (14) de l'arbre à cames.  7. Linguet (20) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the upper face (25) of the contact head (24) of the pawl has a width according to the pivot axis (22) different the width of the cam (14) of the camshaft.
8. Linguet (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le linguet comprend un anneau d'accrochage (40) à la seconde extrémité opposée du bras d'actionnement (23), ledit anneau est adapté à entourer l'axe de pivot (22) par une surface de contact (42b).  8. Linguet (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the latch comprises a latching ring (40) at the opposite second end of the actuating arm (23), said ring is adapted surrounding the pivot axis (22) by a contact surface (42b).
9. Linguet (22) selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'anneau (40) comprend un orifice radial (43) traversant l'épaisseur dudit anneau pour amener du liquide lubrifiant vers la surface de contact (42b).  9. Linguet (22) according to claim 8, characterized in that the ring (40) comprises a radial orifice (43) passing through the thickness of said ring for supplying lubricating liquid to the contact surface (42b).
10. Linguet (22) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que le linguet comprend une échancrure (44) en bordure périphérique de l'anneau 10. Linguet (22) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the pawl comprises a notch (44) peripheral edge of the ring
(40). (40).
EP16785229.2A 2014-12-29 2016-09-27 Cylinder head Active EP3356655B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR1463377A FR3031137B1 (en) 2014-12-29 2014-12-29 DISTRIBUTION LINGUETS AXIALLY ADJUSTED BY AXIS JOINT AND CYLINDER HEAD
FR1559268A FR3031138B1 (en) 2014-12-29 2015-09-30 ENGINE DISTRIBUTION DEVICE LINGUET
PCT/FR2016/052452 WO2017055734A1 (en) 2014-12-29 2016-09-27 Breaker arm for an engine distribution device

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FR3031137A1 (en) 2016-07-01
EP3240946A1 (en) 2017-11-08
CN108350766A (en) 2018-07-31
EP3240946B1 (en) 2020-02-05
RU2698558C2 (en) 2019-08-28
JP2018500503A (en) 2018-01-11
JP2018534461A (en) 2018-11-22
FR3031137B1 (en) 2016-12-23
RU2017127159A (en) 2019-01-31
CN108350766B (en) 2021-02-09
KR20180063231A (en) 2018-06-11
WO2017055734A1 (en) 2017-04-06
EP3356655B1 (en) 2021-08-04
CN107208501B (en) 2020-10-13
CN107208501A (en) 2017-09-26
FR3031138A1 (en) 2016-07-01
FR3031138B1 (en) 2019-06-21
RU2017127159A3 (en) 2019-07-17

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