EP3354799B1 - Wire mesh and method for the production of a filament for a wire mesh - Google Patents

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a wire mesh according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing a wire mesh according to the preamble of claim 12.

Wire meshes are known from the prior art which are made from coils that are braided into one another. Usually the coils are bent using a braiding knife and braided into a braid.

From the pamphlet DE 505 020 C1 a machine for producing flat wire coils from non-high-strength steel wire and a wire mesh produced from the wire coils is also known. The machine from the pamphlet DE 505 020 C1 is not suitable for producing wire meshes from high-strength steel with the advantageous geometries according to the invention.

From the pamphlet WO 99/43894 A1 a high-strength wire mesh and an apparatus for producing the high-strength wire mesh are also known. The wire mesh of the publication WO 99/43894 A1 has, in particular at the bending points, a geometry which differs significantly from the advantageous geometry according to the invention. In addition, the device for producing the high-strength wire mesh is the publication WO 99/43894 A1 not suitable for the production of coils with the advantageous geometries according to the invention.

The object of the invention is in particular to provide a wire mesh of the generic type with advantageous properties with regard to load-bearing capacity. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claims 1 and 12, while advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Advantages of the invention

The invention relates to a wire mesh with the features of claim 1, in particular a safety net, with several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil is composed of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element at least one wire is made and at least one first leg, at least one second leg and at least one bending point connecting the first leg and the second leg to one another, wherein in a frontal view perpendicular to a main extension plane of the helix, the first leg has at least a first pitch angle with respect to a The longitudinal direction of the helix runs, with the bending point running parallel to the main extension plane of the helix and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the helix, at least in sections, with a second helix angle different from the first helix angle, in particular beyond a range of manufacturing accuracy, with respect to the longitudinal direction of the helix, suggested. In this way, a high load capacity can advantageously be achieved. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A geometry of coils and / or meshes of a braid can advantageously be adapted to an expected stress. Furthermore, the load-bearing capacity of intersections and / or nodes in a mesh can be increased. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be optimized individually in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high degree of rigidity, in particular across the mesh and / or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adapted flexibly and / or as required.

The invention also relates to a method with the features of claim 12 for producing a helix for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, in particular a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, wherein the helix consists of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand , a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element is manufactured with at least one wire and wherein by means of bending at least one first leg, at least one second leg and at least one the first Leg and the second leg interconnecting bending point of the coil are made so that in a first view perpendicular to a main plane of extension of the coil, the first leg and / or the second leg extends at least with a first angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal direction of the coil. It is proposed that the helix be manufactured by means of bending in such a way that, in a second view, the bending point runs parallel to the main plane of extent of the helix and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the helix, at least in sections with a second helix angle different from the first helix angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the helix . In this way, a high load capacity can advantageously be achieved. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A geometry of coils and / or meshes of a braid can advantageously be adapted to an expected stress. Furthermore, the load-bearing capacity of intersections and / or nodes in a mesh can be increased. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be optimized individually in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high degree of rigidity, in particular across the mesh and / or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adapted flexibly and / or as required.

Furthermore, a wire mesh not belonging to the invention, in particular a safety net, with several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil is made from at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element with at least one wire and at least one first leg, comprises at least one second limb and at least one bending point connecting the first limb and the second limb to one another, wherein in a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction of the helix, the bending point has at least one bending area with a bending curvature and at least one first transition area connected to the first limb with one of the bending curvature comprises different first transition curvature, proposed. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous properties with regard to load capacity. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A geometry of coils and / or meshes of a braid can advantageously be adapted to an expected stress. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be optimized individually in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high degree of rigidity, in particular across the mesh and / or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adapted flexibly and / or as required. In addition, the behavior of a bending point can be optimized in the event of a load. Furthermore, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to a bending point geometry.

Furthermore, a method not belonging to the invention for producing a helix for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, in particular a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is conceivable, the helix being made from at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a Wire rope and / or another longitudinal element is manufactured with at least one wire and at least one first leg, at least one second leg and at least one bending point of the helix connecting the first leg and the second leg to one another are produced by means of bending. It is proposed that the coil is manufactured by means of bending in such a way that, in a longitudinal view, parallel to a In the longitudinal direction of the helix, the bending point comprises at least one bending area with a bending curvature and at least one first transition area connected to the first leg with a first transition curvature different from the bending curvature. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous properties with regard to load capacity. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A geometry of coils and / or meshes of a braid can advantageously be adapted to an expected stress. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be optimized individually in a load-specific manner. In addition, a wire mesh with a high degree of hardness, in particular across the mesh and / or along the mesh, can thereby advantageously be provided. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adapted flexibly and / or as required. In addition, the behavior of a bending point can be optimized in the event of a load. Furthermore, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to a bending point geometry.

In addition, a wire mesh not belonging to the invention, in particular a safety net, with several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil consists of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element with at least one wire, in particular is made of a high-strength steel, the wire being able to be bent back and forth without breaking at least M times during a back and forth bending test around at least one bending cylinder with a diameter of at most 2d in each case by at least 90 ° in opposite directions, where M, optionally by means of Round off, as C · R ^-0.5 · d ^{-0.5 can be} determined and where d is a diameter of the wire in mm, R a Tensile strength of the wire in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 is suggested. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous properties with regard to processability and / or manufacturability. Furthermore, a load-bearing wire mesh can be provided. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of hardness and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, wire breaks can advantageously be avoided when producing wire meshes. In particular, test runs in the production of wire meshes can advantageously be at least largely dispensed with. Furthermore, wires suitable for a wire mesh with a high load capacity can be identified simply and / or quickly and / or reliably. In particular, a significantly more stringent and / or load-specific selection process for a suitable wire can be provided compared to a to-and-fro bending test according to ISO 7801.

In addition, a method not belonging to the invention for identifying a suitable wire, in particular made of a high-strength steel, for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, with several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil is made of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand , a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element with the appropriate wire is proposed. It is proposed that the wire is identified as suitable if a test piece of the wire is bent back and forth in a back and forth bending test around a bending cylinder with a diameter of at most 2d by at least 90 ° in opposite directions at least M times without breaking where M can be determined as C · R ^-0.5 · d ^-0.5 , optionally by means of rounding, and where d is a diameter of the wire in mm, R is a tensile strength of the wire in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N is ^0.5 mm ^0.5 . This allows advantageous properties with regard to load capacity be achieved. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of rigidity and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, wire breaks can advantageously be avoided when producing wire meshes. In particular, test runs in the production of wire meshes can advantageously be at least largely dispensed with. Furthermore, wires suitable for a wire mesh with a high load capacity can be identified simply and / or quickly and / or reliably.

In addition, a wire mesh not belonging to the invention, in particular a safety net, with several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil is made of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element with at least one wire made of a high-strength wire Steel is made and has a plurality of legs, a plurality of bending points each connecting two legs and a transverse extension along a frontal direction perpendicular to a main extension plane of the helix, a test piece of the helix taken from the helix, comprising at least five legs and at least four bending points a pressing test between parallel plates, which includes pressing by moving the plates along a pressing path parallel to the frontal direction, shows a spring characteristic curve, which in a pressing path-force diagram starting from the beginning of the pressing path a to having approximately linearly extending or linearly extending first partial characteristic curve with a first slope is proposed. The pressing section-force diagram is in particular a distance-force diagram. In this way, advantageous properties with regard to load capacity can be achieved become. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of hardness and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, a wire mesh can be provided with a high load capacity with regard to forces acting transversely to the mesh, in particular from impacting objects. In addition, a suitability of a mesh can be determined in a simple and / or quick and / or reliable manner.

Furthermore, a bending device not belonging to the invention for the production of a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, which has several interwoven coils, of which at least one coil is made of at least one coil blank, namely a single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or Another longitudinal element, made with at least one wire, with a bending unit, which has at least one bending mandrel and at least one bending table, which is provided for bending the helical blank around the bending mandrel and which is supported completely around the bending mandrel, with a feed unit, which is provided for advancing the helical blank along a feed axis in a feed direction, and with a geometry setting unit which is provided for setting a geometry of the helix. In this way, advantageous properties with regard to production can be achieved. In particular, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to the manufacture of a wire mesh. In addition, the geometry of coils and / or meshes of a wire mesh can be adapted variably and / or as required. Furthermore, a quick and / or reliable production can be made possible. It can also be flexible and / or comprising adjustable bending device are provided. Furthermore, a high throughput can be achieved during production. In addition, braking of moving parts, which is particularly time-consuming and / or energy-intensive, when bending a helix of a wire mesh can be largely dispensed with. In addition, a low-maintenance bending device can be provided and / or downtimes, for example due to maintenance, can be reduced.

“Provided” is to be understood in particular as specifically programmed, designed and / or equipped. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function should be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state. The fact that a method is "provided" for a purpose should be understood in particular to mean that the method includes at least one method step that is specifically aimed at the purpose and / or that the method is specifically aimed at the purpose and / or that the method serves to fulfill the purpose and is at least partially optimized for this fulfillment. The fact that a method step is "intended" for a purpose should be understood in particular to mean that the method step is specifically aimed at the purpose and / or that the method step is specifically aimed at the purpose and / or that the method step serves to fulfill the purpose and is at least partially optimized for this fulfillment.

A wire mesh that is resilient and / or can be produced in an adapted manner with regard to a requirement profile and / or a flexibly adaptable and / or reliable method for its production can advantageously be provided. Mechanical properties of bending points and / or connection points and / or legs and / or braided coils can advantageously be optimized and / or adapted independently but also synergistically. Furthermore, a method for quality control that is easy to use and / or provides reliable results is provided. In particular, the helix is made from a longitudinal element, namely a single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element which comprises at least the wire. In this context, a “wire” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an elongated and / or thin and / or at least mechanically bendable and / or flexible body. The wire advantageously has an at least essentially constant, in particular circular or elliptical, cross section along its longitudinal direction. The wire is particularly advantageously designed as a round wire. However, it is also conceivable that the wire is designed at least in sections or completely as a flat wire, a square wire, a polygonal wire and / or a profile wire. For example, the wire can be at least partially or completely made of metal, in particular a metal alloy, and / or organic and / or inorganic plastic and / or a composite material and / or an inorganic non-metallic material and / or a ceramic material. It is conceivable, for example, that the wire is designed as a polymer wire or a plastic wire. In particular, the wire can be designed as a composite wire, for example as a metal-organic composite wire and / or a metal-inorganic composite wire and / or a metal-polymer composite wire and / or a metal-metal composite wire or the like. In particular, it is conceivable that the wire comprises at least two different materials which, in particular, are arranged in accordance with a composite geometry relative to one another and / or are at least partially mixed with one another. The wire is advantageously designed as a metal wire, in particular as a steel wire, in particular as a stainless steel wire. If the coil has several wires, these are preferably identical. However, it is also conceivable that the helix has a plurality of wires that differ in particular with regard to their material and / or their diameter and / or their cross section. The wire preferably has a particularly corrosion-resistant coating and / or sheathing such as, for example, a zinc coating and / or an aluminum-zinc coating and / or a plastic coating and / or a PET coating and / or a metal oxide coating and / or a ceramic coating or the like.

The transverse extension of the helix is advantageously larger, in particular considerably larger than a diameter of the wire and / or than a diameter of the longitudinal element from which the helix is made. Depending on the application and in particular depending on the desired load capacity and / or depending on the desired spring properties of the wire mesh, especially in the frontal direction, the transverse extent can be, for example, twice or three times or five times or ten times or 20 times as large as the diameter of the longitudinal element, with intermediate ones as well Values or smaller values or larger values are conceivable. Likewise, depending on the application, the wire can have a diameter of, for example, approximately 1 mm, approximately 2 mm, approximately 3 mm, approximately 4 mm, approximately 5 mm, approximately 6 mm, approximately 7 mm or even more or even less or even a diameter of an intermediate one Show value. Larger, in particular considerably larger, diameters are also conceivable if the longitudinal element comprises several components, in particular several wires, such as in the case of a wire rope or a stranded wire or a wire bundle or the like.

In particular, the wire mesh is used as embankment protection, as a safety fence, as a safety fence, as a rockfall protection net, as a barrier fence, as a fish farming network, as a predator protection net, as an enclosure fence, as a tunnel protection, as a hillside debris protection, designed as a motor sport protective fence, as a road fence, as an avalanche safety device or the like. In particular, due to its high strength and / or resilience, applications as a cover and / or casing, for example for power plants, factory buildings, residential buildings or other buildings, as explosion protection, as bullet protection, as shielding against flying objects, as safety nets, as ramming protection or the like are conceivable . The wire mesh can for example be laid out and / or arranged horizontally or vertically or at an angle, in particular relative to a substrate and / or be mounted. In particular, the wire mesh is flat. The wire mesh is advantageously constructed regularly and / or periodically in at least one direction. The wire mesh can preferably be rolled up and / or rolled out, in particular about an axis which runs parallel to the main direction of extent of the helix. In particular, a roll rolled up from the wire mesh can be rolled out in a direction perpendicular to the main direction of extent of the helix.

The helix is preferably designed in a spiral shape. In particular, the helix is designed as a flattened spiral. Preferably, a multiplicity of bending points and a multiplicity of legs form the helix, wherein advantageously bending points are each directly connected to legs. The transverse extent is advantageously considerably smaller than a length of the first leg. In particular, the helix advantageously has an at least substantially constant or a constant diameter and / or cross section along its course. Particularly preferably, the helix has a multiplicity of legs which are advantageously at least substantially identical or identical. The helix advantageously has a plurality of bending points each connecting two adjacent legs, which are preferably at least substantially identical or identical. The helix is preferably formed from a single longitudinal element, in particular only from the longitudinal element, for example from the wire or a strand or a wire rope or a wire bundle or the like. In this context, “at least essentially identical” objects should be understood in particular to mean that the objects are constructed in such a way that they can each fulfill a common function and, apart from manufacturing tolerances, differ in their construction at most by individual elements that are necessary for the common function are immaterial. Preferably, “at least essentially identical” should be understood to be identical apart from manufacturing tolerances and / or within the scope of manufacturing-engineering possibilities. Under an "at least essentially constant value "is to be understood in this context in particular as a value which is by a maximum of 20%, advantageously by a maximum of 15%, particularly advantageously by a maximum of 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5%, preferably by a maximum of 3% and particularly preferably by a maximum of 2% or even at most by 1%. The fact that an object has an “at least substantially constant cross section” is to be understood in particular to mean that for any first cross section of the object along at least one direction and any second cross section of the object along the Direction, a minimum surface area of a differential area, which is formed when the cross-sections are superimposed, is a maximum of 20%, advantageously a maximum of 10% and particularly advantageously a maximum of 5% of the surface area of the larger of the two cross-sections.

The longitudinal direction of the helix is preferably arranged at least substantially parallel or parallel to a main direction of extent of the helix. The helix preferably has a longitudinal axis which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the helix. The main plane of extension of the helix is preferably arranged at least substantially parallel to a main plane of extension of the wire mesh, at least in a planar and / or planar rolled-out state of the wire mesh, which can in particular differ from an installed state of the wire mesh. A “main direction of extent” of an object is to be understood here in particular as a direction which runs parallel to a longest edge of a smallest imaginary cuboid which just completely surrounds the object. "At least substantially parallel" is to be understood here in particular as an alignment of a direction relative to a reference direction, in particular in a plane, the direction having a deviation from the reference direction, in particular less than 8 °, advantageously less than 5 ° and particularly advantageously less than 2 °. A “main plane of extent” of an object is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a plane which is parallel to a largest side surface of a smallest imaginary cuboid, which just completely encloses the object, and in particular runs through the center of the cuboid.

The wire mesh preferably has a plurality or a plurality of coils, in particular of identical design. It is also conceivable that the wire mesh is formed from several different coils. The coils are advantageously connected to one another. In particular, adjacent coils are arranged in such a way that their longitudinal directions run parallel. One helix is preferably braided and / or twisted into each two helices adjacent to it. In particular, the wire mesh can be produced in that a helix is twisted into a pre-braid, another helix is twisted into this twisted helix, another helix is twisted into this further twisted helix, and so on. Adjacent coils are advantageously connected via their bending points. Two bending points of different spirals are particularly advantageously connected to one another, in particular hooked into one another. In particular, the coils of the wire mesh have the same direction of rotation. Two coils are advantageously knotted together, in particular at a first of their ends and / or at a second of their ends opposite the first ends.

The wire mesh preferably has at least one mesh. The mesh is particularly preferably delimited by four legs, two of which in particular belong to the same helix. The helix advantageously delimits the mesh on at least one side, in particular on two sides. In particular, the mesh is square, in particular diamond-shaped. The mesh is advantageously symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the helix and / or symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the helix. The mesh preferably has a first interior angle. The first interior angle is particularly preferably twice as large in terms of amount as the first slope angle. In particular, the first interior angle is composed of two helix angles of adjacent helices. The longitudinal axis of the helix is advantageously a bisector of the first angle. The mesh preferably has a second interior angle arranged adjacent to the first interior angle. In particular, a sum of half an amount of the second interior angle and an amount of the slope angle corresponds to at least substantially or exactly 90 °. An angle bisector of the second interior angle is advantageously perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the helix. The mesh particularly advantageously has a third interior angle, which is arranged opposite the first interior angle. In particular, the amount of the third interior angle is identical to the first interior angle. The mesh advantageously has a fourth interior angle which is arranged opposite the second interior angle. In particular, the amount of the fourth interior angle is identical to the second interior angle. The wire mesh advantageously has a plurality of, in particular, at least substantially identical or identical meshes. In a particularly advantageous manner, two adjacent coils each form several meshes. The first leg and the second leg preferably form the mesh together with a further first leg and a further second leg of a further helix arranged adjacent to the helix. In this context, “at least essentially” should be understood to mean in particular that a deviation from a predefined value corresponds in particular to less than 15%, preferably less than 10% and particularly preferably less than 5% of the predefined value.

The first pitch angle is advantageously an angle between a longitudinal axis of the first leg and the longitudinal axis of the helix, particularly when viewed from the front. The second pitch angle is particularly advantageously an angle between a main direction of extent of the bending point and the longitudinal axis of the helix, in particular when viewed transversely. In particular, the bending area comprises at least 25%, advantageously at least 50%, particularly advantageously at least 75% and preferably at least 85% of the bending point.

The first leg is preferably connected in one piece to the bending point, in particular to the first transition area. The second leg is particularly preferably connected in one piece to the bending point. The first transition area is advantageously connected in one piece to the bending area. The helix is particularly preferably designed in one piece. In particular, a main plane of extent of the bending point differs from a main plane of extent of the first transition area. However, it is also conceivable that the bending point and the first transition area have a common main plane of extent. "In one piece" is to be understood in particular to be at least cohesively connected, for example by a welding process, an adhesive process, an injection molding process and / or another process that appears sensible to a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously formed in one piece, for example by production from a casting and / or by production in a single or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank. If the helix is formed from a longitudinal element with several components such as a stranded wire and / or a wire rope and / or a wire bundle, “integral” in this context is to be understood in particular to mean that partial wires and / or other components of the longitudinal element along a course of the Helix are uninterrupted. In particular, the helix is made from a single longitudinal element or from a single longitudinal element blank.

In the back and forth bending test, the wire is preferably bent around two opposite, identically designed bending cylinders. The bending cylinders are advantageously provided to carry out the to-and-fro bending test without deformation and / or damage.

The test piece of the helix is advantageously in one piece. The test piece of the helix preferably comprises exactly four bending points. The test piece of the helix particularly preferably comprises exactly five legs. In particular, the parallel plates are intended to carry out the pressing test without deformation and / or damage. In particular, during the pressing, a first plate of the two parallel plates is moved along the pressing path towards a second plate of the two parallel plates. In particular, during the pressing, the first plate moves relative to the second plate at a speed of at least 10 μm s ^-1 , advantageously at least 50 μm s ^-1 , particularly advantageously at least 100 μm s ^-1 , preferably about 117 μm s ^-1 . In particular, the test piece of the helix is irreversibly deformed during the pressing test. In this context, “running at least approximately linearly” is to be understood in particular to be free of jumps and / or running with an at least substantially constant slope.

The feed unit advantageously has at least one, in particular, driven feed element which exerts a feed force on the helical blank when it is pushed. The feed element is preferably designed as a feed roller. The feed unit particularly advantageously has several feed elements, of which in particular at least one, advantageously some, particularly advantageously all, are driven, between which the helical blank is passed during the advance.

In particular, the geometry setting unit is provided to adjust a curvature of the bending point, in particular the bending area and / or the first transition area, and / or a length of the first leg and / or a length of the second leg and / or the transverse extension of the helix and / or the first Set the pitch angle and / or the second pitch angle and / or a geometry of the mesh. The bending device is advantageously provided to produce the helix according to the invention. In particular, the bending device is intended to produce the wire mesh according to the invention.

The bending device advantageously comprises a braiding unit which is provided for braiding the helix into a pre-braid, in particular a pre-braid made of a plurality of coils which are at least substantially identical or identical to the helix.

The bending mandrel is preferably mounted rotatably about a longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. In particular, the bending mandrel is driven. The bending device, in particular the bending unit, advantageously has at least one drive unit for the bending mandrel which rotates the bending mandrel about its longitudinal axis. The bending device, in particular the bending unit, preferably has at least one drive unit for the bending table which is provided to drive the bending table around the bending mandrel. The bending device preferably has a single drive unit which is connected to driven and / or moving components of the bending device by means of suitable belts, wheels, gears, etc. and / or is provided to drive them.

According to the invention, the wire is at least partially, in particular completely apart from a coating, made of high-strength steel. According to the invention, the wire is a high-strength steel wire. For example, the high-strength steel can be spring steel and / or wire steel and / or a steel suitable for wire ropes. In particular, the wire according to the invention has a tensile strength of at least 800 N mm ^-2 . Alternatively, the wire can have a tensile strength of at least 1000 N mm ^-2 , particularly advantageously of at least 1200 N mm ^-2 , preferably of at least 1400 N mm ^-2 and particularly preferably of at least 1600 N mm ^-2 , in particular a tensile strength of about 1770 N mm ^-2 or of about 1960 N mm ^-2 . It is also conceivable that the wire has an even higher tensile strength, for example a tensile strength of at least 2000 N mm ^-2 , or of at least 2200 N mm ^-2 , or also of at least 2400 N mm ^-2 . This allows a high load capacity, in particular a high tensile strength and / or a high rigidity across the Braid can be achieved. In addition, advantageous flexural properties can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the second pitch angle be at least 2.5 °, preferably by at least 5 °, advantageously by at least 10 °, particularly advantageously by at least 15 °, preferably by at least 20 °, particularly preferably by at least 25 ° ° deviates from the first pitch angle. In this way, a geometry of connection points can be optimized for a specific application.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the second angle of inclination have a value between 25 ° and 65 °, advantageously between 40 ° and 50 °. In particular, the second slope angle is at least 25 °, advantageously at least 30 °, particularly advantageously at least 35 ° and preferably at least 40 ° and / or at most 65 °, advantageously at most 60 °, particularly advantageously at most 55 ° and preferably at most 50 °. In particular, the second pitch angle is at least substantially, in particular exactly 45 °. The bending points of the filament of the braid particularly preferably have a second pitch angle of approximately 45 °. In this way, a geometry of a bending point that is resilient and / or can advantageously be connected to another binding point can be achieved.

The bending point, in particular the bending area, of the wire mesh according to the invention follows, at least in sections, an at least approximately straight course, in particular a straight course. In this context, “at least approximately straight” should be understood to mean straight, preferably linear, in particular in the context of manufacturing tolerances. According to the invention, when viewed transversely, a section of the bending point which comprises at least 50% of the bending point follows the at least approximately straight or straight course. Alternatively, in the transverse view, a section of the bending point which comprises at least 75% and particularly advantageously at least 85% of the bending point follows the at least approximately straight or straight course. The bending point in the section, in particular in a region of the bending point, is advantageously curved in a plane that is parallel to the is arranged approximately straight course of the bending point. When viewed from the front, the approximately straight course preferably runs at least substantially parallel or parallel to the

Longitudinal direction of the helix. In this way, a bending point with a high tensile strength and / or with a high bending stiffness can be provided. Furthermore, a geometry that is advantageous with regard to a linkage of bending points of different coils can be provided in this way.

It is also proposed that, when viewed transversely, the helix follows, at least in sections, a stepped, in particular inclined stepped course. Preferably, the first limb, the bending point and the second limb form the stepped profile when viewed transversely, the bending point or at least its approximately straight course enclosing an angle with the first limb and / or with the second limb that corresponds to the second slope angle.

A high degree of rigidity of a wire mesh across its surface can be achieved if the first leg and / or the second leg follows a straight course at least in sections. The first leg and the second leg advantageously form straight sides of the loop. The entire first leg and / or the entire second leg is particularly advantageously straight. In particular, the first leg and / or the second leg has a length of at least 1 cm, advantageously of at least 2 cm, particularly advantageously of at least 3 cm, preferably of at least 5 cm and particularly preferably of at least 7 cm. The first leg and the second leg can, however, have any other, in particular considerably greater, lengths. For example, the first leg and / or the second leg can have a length of at least 10 cm or at least 15 cm or at least 20 cm or at least 25 cm or an even greater length, in particular in the case that the helix is made of a wire strand , a wire rope, a wire bundle or the like is formed.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the first leg at least in sections in a first plane and the second leg at least in sections in a plane parallel to the first plane run second level. In particular, at least two adjacent legs of the helix run in parallel planes. When viewed transversely, the first leg advantageously runs parallel to the second leg. The first limb and the further first limb preferably run in the first plane and / or the second limb and the further second limb in the second plane. The first level preferably defines a front side of the wire mesh and / or the second level defines a rear side of the wire mesh or vice versa. In this way, a wire mesh with a double-faced and / or double-walled structure can be provided. In this way, forces acting across the braid can be effectively absorbed with minimal deformation of the braid.

In particular, the further helix comprises at least one further bending point, in the area of which the helix and the further helix intersect. The first bending point is preferably connected to the second bending point, in particular hooked. In particular, the further bending point connects the further first leg and the further second leg. The first leg preferably runs at least substantially parallel or parallel to the further first leg. Particularly preferably, the second leg runs at least substantially parallel or parallel to the further second leg.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the first helix and the second helix intersect perpendicularly in the area of the further bending point. In particular, the second pitch angle is 45 ° and an analogously defined further second pitch angle of the further bending point is likewise 45 °. Bending points of the wire mesh that are hooked with one another preferably cross each other perpendicularly. In this way, a high tensile strength of a connection between bending points can be achieved, in particular due to a direct introduction of force and / or force transmission at intersection points. Furthermore, a contact area between hooked bending points can hereby be maximized.

In addition, it is proposed that the second pitch angle be smaller than the first pitch angle, in particular in the case that the first pitch angle is greater than 45 °. Alternatively, it is proposed that the second pitch angle is greater than the first pitch angle, in particular in the event that the first pitch angle is less than 45 °. The second pitch angle is preferably independent of the first pitch angle and, as mentioned, is particularly advantageously exactly 45 °. In the event that differently designed bending points are hooked with one another, the second angle of inclination of the corresponding bending points are advantageously selected such that the bending points intersect perpendicularly. In this way, load-bearing connection points can be provided independently of a mesh geometry.

It is further proposed that the first angle of inclination is greater than 45 °, advantageously greater than 50 °, particularly advantageously greater than 55 ° and preferably greater than 60 °, so that in particular narrow meshes are created. In particular, the first internal angle of the mesh is in particular considerably larger than the second internal angle of the mesh. This makes it possible to achieve a high tensile strength of a braid, in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of braid spirals.

However, it is also conceivable that the first angle of inclination is smaller than 45 °, advantageously smaller than 40 °, particularly advantageously smaller than 35 ° and preferably smaller than 30 °, so that in particular wide meshes are created. In particular, the first internal angle of the mesh is in particular considerably smaller than the second internal angle of the mesh. This makes it possible to achieve a high tensile strength of a braid, in particular parallel to a longitudinal direction of braid coils. Furthermore, a wire mesh for embankment protection or the like can thereby be provided, which can be rolled out transversely to a slope, which advantageously enables quick installation for narrow areas to be secured.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that, in the longitudinal view, the bending point comprises at least one second transition area, connected to the second leg, with a second transition curve different from the bending curve. The first transition area, the second transition area and the bending area advantageously jointly form the bending point. In particular, the bending point consists of the first transition area, the second transition area and the bending area. The second transition area is preferably connected in one piece to the bending point. The second leg is particularly preferably connected in one piece to the second transition area. The helix is preferably not bent apart from nodes and bending points. As a result, a geometry of a helix can be provided which is variable and can be adapted to a requirement with regard to different parameters.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical. The first transition area and the second transition area advantageously include an identical portion of the bending point. In this way, a wire mesh can preferably be provided, the front and rear of which can be used interchangeably.

It is also proposed that, in the longitudinal view, the first transition area and the second transition area are mirror-symmetrical, advantageously with respect to a plane of symmetry in which the bisector of the second inner angle of the mesh runs and / or which is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the helix. Said plane of symmetry is preferably a main plane of extent of the wire mesh and / or the helix. The bending point is preferably mirror-symmetrical in the longitudinal view, in particular with respect to said plane of symmetry. This enables advantageous mechanical properties of a bending point to be achieved.

It is also proposed that the bending curvature is greater than the first transition curve and / or than the second transition curve. It is conceivable that the first transition curve and / or the second transition curve is at least essentially constant. The bending point preferably ends in the first transition area and / or in the second transition area in the direction of the first leg and / or in the direction of the second leg. The first leg, the bending point and the second leg advantageously form a V-shaped section of the helix, the bending point in particular forming a rounded tip of the section. In this way, stresses in the material due to abrupt changes in geometry can in particular be largely avoided or at least reduced.

A high degree of hardness in the frontal direction and / or a high load-bearing capacity of the connection points of a braid can be achieved if the bending area, in particular the entire bending area, follows a circular arc shape, especially when viewed longitudinally. A radius of curvature of the bending region advantageously corresponds at least essentially to a sum of a radius of the longitudinal element or the wire and a radius of the bending mandrel.

In particular, for the back and forth bending test C, a factor of exactly 400 N ^0.5 mm is ^0.5 . It is also conceivable that a larger C is selected, in particular in order to achieve a higher load capacity of a helix. For example, C can be a factor of at least 500 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or of at least 750 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or of at least 1000 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or of at least 1500 N ^0.5 mm ^{0 , 5} or even larger. In particular, the factor can be selected as a function of the application, a larger factor leading to a selection of a wire that breaks less easily when it is bent and, correspondingly, in particular to a wire mesh with greater damage-free deformability.

In particular, a method not belonging to the invention for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, with several interwoven coils is also proposed, a wire suitable for production, in particular made of high-strength steel, being identified at least by means of the method for identifying a suitable wire and wherein at least one helix is manufactured from at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element with the identified wire by means of bending. In this way, time-consuming test runs can advantageously be largely avoided. Furthermore, a wire mesh of high quality can be manufactured in this way.

It is also proposed that the first partial characteristic extend over a pressing section value range which corresponds to at least a quarter, advantageously at least a third, particularly advantageously at least half of the transverse extent of the helix. In particular, a transverse extension of the test piece of the helix corresponds to a transverse extension of the helix. In this way, a wire mesh can advantageously be provided which, in the event of an impact, can absorb forces over a large area, partially resiliently and / or without damage.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the first partial characteristic curve be followed, in particular directly, by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve with a second slope that is greater than the first slope. In particular, the second slope is at least 1.2 times, advantageously at least 1.5 times, particularly advantageously at least twice and preferably at least three times as great as the first slope. In particular, the second gradient is at most ten times, advantageously at most eight times, particularly advantageously at most six times and preferably at most five times as great as the first gradient. In this way, force peaks occurring in a load case can advantageously be absorbed by a wire mesh.

An adaptive force absorption and / or energy absorption of a wire mesh can be achieved if the second slope is at most four times as great as the first slope. In particular, this makes it possible to avoid damage caused by abruptly braked impacted objects, since braking occurs in at least two stages.

It is also proposed that the spring characteristic curve have a kink in a transition area between the first partial characteristic curve and the second partial characteristic curve, whereby in particular a spontaneous response in the event of an impact can be achieved. In this context, a “kink” should be understood to mean, in particular, a spontaneous, in particular sudden or abrupt change in a slope. In particular, the transition area extends over a pressing section value range which corresponds to at most 5%, advantageously at most 3%, particularly advantageously at most 2% and preferably at most 1% of the transverse extent of the helix. It is also proposed that the second partial characteristic extend over a pressing section value range which corresponds to at least a fifth, advantageously at least a quarter, particularly advantageously at least a third of the transverse extent of the helix. The second partial characteristic curve preferably extends over a pressing path value range which is smaller than a corresponding pressing path value range of the first partial characteristic curve. In this way, large forces can be absorbed in a controlled manner in a second force absorption area of a wire mesh with a comparatively smaller deformation than in a first force absorption area of the wire mesh.

In a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the second partial characteristic is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic. In particular, the third partial characteristic curve has a gradient that increases, in particular steadily, in particular constantly, with increasing pressing path. It is conceivable that the third partial characteristic curve follows a polynomial, in particular a parabolic, or also an exponential curve. In particular the third partial characteristic curve extends over a pressing section value range which corresponds to at least one tenth, advantageously at least one eighth, particularly advantageously at least one sixth, and preferably at least one quarter of the transverse extension of the helix. The third partial characteristic curve preferably extends over a pressing path value range which is smaller than a corresponding pressing path value range of the second partial characteristic curve. In this way, extreme forces can be safely absorbed, in particular through a controlled deformation of a wire mesh or its coils.

It is also proposed that a transition between the second partial characteristic curve and the third partial characteristic curve be free from a kink. In particular, the slope of the second partial characteristic curve continuously merges into the slope of the third partial characteristic curve. The spring characteristic is preferably composed of the first partial characteristic, the second partial characteristic, in particular directly adjoining it, and the third partial characteristic, in particular immediately adjoining it. In this way, an abrupt damage to a wire mesh, for example in the event of an impact, can advantageously be avoided.

In principle, it is conceivable that the first partial characteristic is immediately followed by a partial characteristic, which corresponds approximately or exactly to the third partial characteristic with regard to its course. In particular, it is conceivable that the spring characteristic is free of a second linear partial characteristic.

It is also proposed that the geometry setting unit have a transverse lifting unit which is provided to change a relative position of the bending table along a main direction of extent in a transverse lifting direction of the bending mandrel relative to the feed axis periodically and / or in a synchronized manner with a rotation of the bending table around the bending mandrel, in particular during the manufacture of the helix. In particular, the transverse lifting unit has at least one feed element which feeds the helical blank to the bending table. In particular, the feed element is mounted so as to be displaceable in the transverse stroke direction relative to the bending table. The transverse lifting unit advantageously has at least one coupling element which, in particular mechanically, couples a movement of the feed element to the rotation of the bending table around the bending mandrel. The bending table is preferably located in an initial position of the bending table at the beginning of the bending and / or after the helical blank has been advanced. It is particularly preferable for the feed element to be in an initial position of the feed element at the beginning of the bending and / or after the helical blank has been advanced. In particular, the bending table and the feed element are located at least once simultaneously in their respective starting position during a revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel. During a revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel, the feed element is advantageously deflected away from the bending table from the starting position parallel to the transverse stroke direction. The feed element is then particularly advantageously moved back into its starting position during this revolution of the bending table. In particular, the transverse lifting unit is intended to provide a bending point that occurs during bending with the second pitch angle. In particular, the transverse lift unit is provided to generate an adjustable transverse lift. In this way, a geometry of a bending point can advantageously be set precisely by adapting a transverse stroke.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the geometry setting unit have a stop unit with at least one stop element which defines a maximum feed position for the helical blank. In particular, the stop unit is provided to adjust the length of the first leg and / or the length of the second leg. Advantageously, the feed unit pushes the helical blank, in particular a last bent bending point, as far as the stop element. In particular, in an advanced state, the helical blank, in particular the last bent point in each case, lies against the stop element. The helical blank is preferably advanced up to the maximum advance position before bending. This can be advantageous Helical geometry, in particular a leg length, can be set precisely and / or simply and / or reliably.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the stop element be supported completely circumferentially around the bending mandrel, in particular on a circular path. A movement of the bending table and a movement of the stop element around the bending mandrel are preferably synchronized, in particular during the manufacture of the helix. In this way, a precise feed can be made possible at a high production rate. It is also proposed that a position of the bending table relative to the stop element can be changed when the bending table rotates. Advantageously, the stop element runs ahead of the bending table during the advancement and / or before the bending. In particular, during a revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel, the helical blank is already in the maximum feed position before the bending table is in its starting position. The stop element advantageously rests on the bending table during the bending. A position of the stop element relative to the bending table is particularly advantageous during bending. In this way, a sequence of movements can be achieved which enables high precision and / or a high speed of production.

Precise positioning of a blank prior to bending can be achieved if the stop element has a stop surface that is concave, in particular curved in the shape of a circular arc. In particular, the stop surface is concave, in particular curved in the shape of a circular arc, in two directions advantageously running perpendicular to one another. A distance between the stop surface and the bending mandrel is preferably constant when the stop element revolves around the bending mandrel. The stop surface is preferably designed as a surface of a groove. The groove is advantageously curved in the circumferential direction around the bending mandrel. The stop surface is particularly advantageous in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the groove concave curved. In particular, a curvature of the stop surface corresponds approximately to a curvature of the bending point in the longitudinal view. In particular, the groove is provided to center the helical blank and / or the last bent bending point, in particular towards the end of the advance and / or in the maximum advance position of the helical blank.

It is further proposed that in at least one feed operating state in which the helical blank is fed, a position of the stop element relative to the feed axis and in particular relative to the bending mandrel can be changed. In particular, the stop element revolves around the bending mandrel in the feed operating state, in particular at a constant angular speed. In this way, a precise stop for a blank can be provided by means of a moving, in particular by means of a rotating component.

In a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the bending table is pivotably mounted about a pivot axis which itself revolves around the bending mandrel when the bending table revolves around the bending mandrel. The pivot axis is advantageously arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. The bending table is particularly advantageously pivoted about the pivot axis after bending. In particular, when pivoting about the pivot axis, the bending table performs an evasive movement, on the basis of which the bending table can be guided through under the helical blank when it rotates around the bending mandrel. In particular, the bending table is in a pivoted position during part of its revolution around the bending mandrel. In this way, a continuously rotating bending table can advantageously be provided, which enables rapid and precise production.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the bending unit is provided for bending a helical blank with at least one wire made of high-strength steel.

Spirals that are straight and / or not twisted can advantageously be manufactured if the bending unit is provided to bend the spiral blank by more than 180 ° when the bending table rotates. In particular, the bending unit is intended to overbend and / or press over the helical blank during bending, which may be necessary in particular in the case of longitudinal elements with a high-strength wire, in particular due to a partially resilient behavior and / or a springback of such longitudinal elements. The bending unit is advantageously provided to produce bending points that are bent by 180 °. After bending, the bending table is advantageously pivoted through a corresponding angle that is greater than 180 °. The bending unit is particularly advantageously provided to set an overbending angle. In particular, the bending table presses against the helical blank during bending, advantageously while the bending table, as it rotates around the bending mandrel, sweeps over an angular range that is greater than 180 ° by an overbending angle. In particular, an overbending angle can be, for example, up to 1 ° or up to 2 ° or up to 5 ° or up to 10 ° or up to 15 ° or up to 20 ° or up to 30 ° or even more, in particular depending on the spring properties of the Helical blank. It is also conceivable that the overbending angle can be adjusted by adjusting the bending unit.

Unintentional subsequent bending can be avoided and / or a high level of precision in production can be achieved if the geometry setting unit has a holding unit with at least one holding element that at least partially holds the helix when bending and especially when overbending from the bending mandrel behind the bending table fixed. In particular, the holding element restricts mobility and / or flexibility of the helix in at least one direction, in particular in the direction of a half-space. The holding element advantageously holds the helix in a region of a leg which adjoins the last bent point. In particular, the holding element partially surrounds the helix, in particular in one direction towards a main extension plane of the guide table. The holding element is advantageously designed like a fork. In particular, when the helical blank is bent around the bending mandrel, the bending table pivots the entire already bent helix about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the helix, the holding element advantageously stabilizing the helix during this swiveling.

Continuous support of a helix while it is being bent can be achieved if the holding element is supported completely around the bending mandrel. In particular, the holding element rotates in a synchronized manner with the rotation of the bending table around the bending mandrel, in particular during the manufacture of the helix.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the holding element be mounted pivotably about a pivot axis which, when the holding element revolves around the bending mandrel, itself revolves around the bending mandrel. In particular, the holding element only rests against the helix during part of a revolution of the holding element around the bending mandrel. The holding element advantageously swivels out about the swivel axis of the holding element during its rotation about the bending mandrel and moves away from the helix in the process. It is particularly advantageous for the holding element to be arranged without contact with the helix and the helix blank during the advancement. In this way, in particular, a high production speed can be achieved. Furthermore, in a time-efficient and / or energy-efficient manner, braking of moving components during manufacture can be largely dispensed with.

In a preferred embodiment it is proposed that the holding element is mounted on the bending table. In particular, the pivot axis of the bending table and the pivot axis of the holding element run parallel and preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. In particular, the pivot axis of the holding element runs in the guide table and / or in its suspension. The geometry setting unit preferably has at least one guide slot for the guide table on. The geometry setting unit particularly preferably has at least one, in particular, further guide slot for the holding element. The guide table and the holding element advantageously run synchronously around the bending mandrel during the manufacture of the helix and are pivoted relative to the helical blank at different times.

Furthermore, a method for producing a wire mesh according to the invention, in particular a safety net, which has several coils braided into one another is proposed, at least one coil made from at least one coil blank, namely a single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element, is manufactured with at least one wire by means of at least one bending device. In this way, in particular, a high production rate and a high level of production precision can be achieved.

A wire mesh according to the invention, a bending device and a method according to the invention should not be restricted to the applications and embodiments described above. In particular, a wire mesh according to the invention, a bending device and a method according to the invention for fulfilling a mode of operation described herein can have a number differing from a number of individual elements and / or components and / or units and / or method steps mentioned herein.

drawings

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawings. Different exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will understand the features It is also advisable to look at them individually and combine them into useful further combinations.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a part of a wire mesh in a schematic front view,

Fig. 2

a part of a coil of the wire mesh in a perspective view,

Fig. 3

another part of the wire mesh in a schematic front view,

Fig. 4

two legs and one bending point of the helix in different views,

Fig. 5

two interconnected bending points of two spirals in different views,

Fig. 6

the helix, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix, in a schematic representation,

Fig. 7

a bending test device for carrying out a back and forth bending test in a schematic representation,

Fig. 8

a pressing device for carrying out a pressing test in a schematic representation,

Fig. 9

a spring characteristic of a test piece of the coil in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 10

a bending device for producing a wire mesh in a perspective view,

Fig. 11

a bending space of the bending device in a first operating state in a perspective illustration,

Fig. 12

the bending space in a second operating state in a perspective view,

Fig. 13

Guide links of a bending table and a holding element of the bending device in a schematic side view,

Fig. 14

a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the wire mesh,

Fig. 15

a second wire mesh in a schematic front view,

Fig. 16

a bending point of a helix of the second wire mesh in a schematic representation,

Fig. 17

a third wire mesh in a schematic front view,

Fig. 18

a bending point of a helix of the third wire mesh in a schematic representation,

Fig. 19

a coil of a fourth wire mesh, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the coil, in a schematic representation,

Fig. 20

a helix of a fifth wire mesh, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix, in a schematic representation,

Fig. 21

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of a sixth wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 22

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of a seventh wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 23

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of an eighth wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 24

a spring characteristic curve of a test piece of a coil of a ninth wire mesh in a schematic diagram and

Fig. 25

a spring characteristic curve of a test piece of a coil of a tenth wire mesh in a schematic diagram.

Description of the exemplary embodiments

The Figure 1 shows part of a wire mesh 10a in a schematic front view. The wire mesh 10a is designed as a safety net. The wire mesh 10a shown can be used, for example, as an embankment protection device, avalanche protection net, safety fence or the like. The wire mesh 10a has a plurality of coils 12a, 14a braided into one another, in particular one coil 12a and a further coil 14a. In the present case If the wire mesh 10a has a plurality of identically designed coils 12a, 14a which are twisted into one another and which form the wire mesh 10a.

The Figure 2 shows part of the helix 12a of the wire mesh 10a in a perspective illustration. The Figure 3 shows a further part of the wire mesh 10a in a schematic front view. The helix 12a is made from a longitudinal element 16a with at least one wire 18a. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16a is designed as a single wire. In the present case, the wire 18a forms the longitudinal element 16a. The longitudinal element 16a is bent to form the helix 12a. The helix 12a is formed in one piece. The coil 12a is made from a single piece of wire. In the present case, the wire 18a has a diameter d of 3 mm. It is also conceivable that a longitudinal element is designed as a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope or the like. It is also conceivable that a wire has a different diameter, such as, for example, less than 1 mm or about 1 mm or about 2 mm or about 4 mm or about 5 mm or about 6 mm or an even larger diameter.

The coil 12a has a first limb 20a, a second limb 22a and a bending point 24a connecting the first limb 20a and the second limb 22a. In the present case, the helix 12a has a multiplicity of first legs 20a, a multiplicity of second legs 22a and a multiplicity of bending points 24a, which are not all provided with reference symbols for reasons of clarity. Furthermore, in the present case, the first legs 20a are at least substantially identical to one another. In addition, in the present case the second legs 22a are at least essentially identical to one another. In addition, in the present case the bending points 24a are at least essentially identical to one another. In the following, the first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a are therefore described in more detail by way of example. It is of course conceivable that a wire mesh has different first legs and / or different second legs and / or different bending points. The helix 12a has a longitudinal direction 28a. The helix 12a has a longitudinal axis 109a which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a. The longitudinal direction 28a corresponds to a main direction of extent of the helix 12a. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main plane of extent of the coil 12a, the first leg 20a runs at a first pitch angle 26a with respect to the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a. In particular, the frontal view is a view in the frontal direction 54a. The first leg 20a has a longitudinal axis 110a. The longitudinal axis 110a of the first leg 20a runs parallel to a main direction of extent 112a of the first leg 20a. In the Figure 3 the helix 12a is shown from the front. The longitudinal axis 109a of the coil 12a and the longitudinal axis 110a of the first leg 20a enclose the first pitch angle 26a. In the present case, the first leg 20a has a length of approximately 65 mm. In the present case, the second leg 22a has a length of approximately 65 mm.

The Figure 4 shows a part of the coil 12a, which comprises the first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a, in different views. Figure 4a shows a view in the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a. Figure 4b shows the first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a in a transverse view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a and in the main plane of extent of the coil 12a. Figure 4c shows a view in the frontal direction 54a. Figure 4d shows a perspective view. In the transverse view, the bending point 24a runs at least in sections with a second pitch angle 30a different from the first pitch angle 26a with respect to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. When viewed transversely, the bending point 24a has a longitudinal axis 114a. The longitudinal axis 114a of the bending point 24a and the longitudinal axis 109a of the helix 12a enclose the second pitch angle 30a.

The wire 18a is at least partially made of high-strength steel. The wire 18a is designed as a high-strength steel wire. The wire 18a has a tensile strength R of at least 800 N mm ^-2 . In the present case, the Wire 18a has a tensile strength R of about 1770 N mm ^-2 . Of course, as mentioned above, other tensile strengths are also conceivable, in particular tensile strengths of more than 2200 N mm ^-2 . In particular, it is conceivable that a wire is made from high-strength steel.

The second pitch angle 30a deviates from the first pitch angle 26a by at least 5 °. The second pitch angle 30a has a value between 25 ° and 65 °. Furthermore, the first pitch angle 26a is greater than 45 °. In the present case, the first pitch angle 26a is approximately 60 °. Furthermore, in the present case, the second pitch angle 30a is approximately 45 °. The second pitch angle 30a is smaller than the first pitch angle 26a.

When viewed transversely, the bending point 24a follows, at least in sections, an at least approximately straight course. In the present case, a large part of the bending point 24a follows the straight course when viewed transversely.

When viewed transversely, the helix 12a follows a stepped profile, at least in sections. The stepped course is oblique-stepped.

The first leg 20a follows a straight course at least in sections. In the present case, the first leg 20a follows a straight course. The second leg 22a follows a straight course at least in sections. In the present case, the second leg 22a follows a straight course. The first leg 20a and / or the second leg 22a are free from a curvature and / or a bend and / or a kink. The bending point 24a comprises a course which, in a longitudinal view parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a, describes a bend through 180 °. In the Figure 4a the coil 12a is shown in the longitudinal view.

The first limb 20a runs at least in sections, in particular completely, in a first plane and the second limb 22a runs at least in sections, in particular completely, in a plane parallel to the first plane second level. In the longitudinal view, the first leg 20a runs parallel to the second leg 22a.

The further helix 14a has a further bending point 32a. The bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a are connected. The bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a form a point of connection of the first helix 12a and the further helix 14a.

The Figure 5 shows part of the wire mesh 10a, which includes the bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a, in different views. Figure 5a shows a view in the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a. Figure 5b shows the part of the wire mesh 10a in a transverse view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a in the main plane of extension of the coil 12a. Figure 5c shows a view in the frontal direction 54a. Figure 5d shows a perspective view.

The helix 12a and the further helix 14a intersect at least substantially perpendicularly in a region of the further bending point 32a. In the transverse view, the bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a enclose a crossing angle 118a. The crossing angle 118a is dependent on the second pitch angle 30a and a correspondingly defined further second pitch angle of the further helix 14a. In the present case, the crossing angle 118a is 90 °.

For other first angles of inclination, a second angle of inclination of 45 ° is advantageously chosen so that correspondingly configured coils intersect perpendicularly at connection points and these connection points advantageously have a high mechanical load capacity.

The Figure 6 shows the coil 12a, viewed in the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a, in a schematic representation. In the Figures 1 to 5 is the coil 12a and in particular the bending point 24a compared to the illustration in FIG Figure 6 shown in simplified form. In the longitudinal view parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a the coil 12a, the bending point 24a comprises a bending area 34a with a bending curvature and a first transition area 36a connected to the first leg 20a and having a first transition curvature different from the bending curvature. The bending area 34a is connected to the first transition area 36a. The bending region 34a and the first transition region 36a are arranged directly next to one another and in particular merge into one another. The bending area 34a and the first transition area 36a are integrally connected to one another. The first transition region 36a merges into the first leg 20a. The first transition area 36a is integrally connected to the first leg 20a.

In the longitudinal view, the bending point 24a comprises a second transition region 38a connected to the second leg 22a and having a second transition curvature that differs from the bending curvature. The second transition area 38a is integrally connected to the bending area 34a. The second transition area 38a merges into the second leg 22a. The second transition area 38a is integrally connected to the second leg 22a. The bending area 34a, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a together form the bending point 24a.

The first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical. However, it is also conceivable that a first transition curve and a second transition curve are different from one another, whereby, for example, a wire mesh with different front and rear sides, in particular with regard to their spring properties and / or their deformation properties, can be produced.

When viewed longitudinally, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are designed with mirror symmetry. The first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a main plane of extent of the wire mesh 10a. The first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane which is arranged centrally between the plane in which the first limb 20a runs and the plane parallel thereto in which the second limb 22a runs and which is parallel to these planes.

The bending curvature is greater than the first transition curvature. The bending curvature is greater than the second transition curvature. The bending area 34a follows a circular course. The bending region 34a is curved in the shape of a circular arc when viewed longitudinally. The bending area 34a is bent by less than 180 ° in the longitudinal view. The bending area 34a, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are jointly bent by 180 ° in the longitudinal view. In the present case, the bending curvature, in particular the course of the bending area 34a, merges continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the first transition curvature, in particular into a course of the first transition area 36a. Furthermore, in the present case, the bending curvature, in particular the course of the bending area 34a, merges continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the second transition curvature, in particular in a course of the second transition area 38a. In addition, in the present case the first transition curve, in particular the course of the first transition region 36a, merges continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the straight course of the first leg 20a. In addition, in the present case the second transition curve, in particular the course of the second transition region 38a, merges continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the straight course of the second leg 22a. It is also conceivable that corresponding transitions are provided with a kink. It is also conceivable that a first transition curve and / or a second transition curve disappears, in particular at least a first transition area and / or a second transition area in sections or over their entire extent can have a straight course.

The Figure 7 shows a bending test device 120a for performing a back and forth bending test in a schematic representation. The bending test device 120a has clamping jaws 122a, 124a which are provided for clamping a test piece of a wire. In the case shown, it is a test piece 42a of the wire 18a. The bending test device 120a has a bending lever 128a which is mounted such that it can pivot back and forth. The bending lever 128a has drivers 130a, 132a for the test piece 42a of the wire 18a. The bending test device 120a has a bending cylinder 40a around which the test piece 42a of the wire 18a is bent in the to-and-fro bending test. The bending test device 120a has a further bending cylinder 126a which is identical to the bending cylinder 40a. The further bending cylinder 126a is arranged opposite the bending cylinder 40a. During the to-and-fro bending test, the bending lever 128a bends the test piece 42a of the wire 18a alternately by at least 90 ° around the bending cylinder 40a and the further bending cylinder 126a. The to-and-fro bending test is usually carried out until the test piece 42a of the wire 18a breaks in order to test its load-bearing capacity and / or flexibility.

The bending cylinder 40a has a diameter of at most 2d, that is to say at most twice the wire diameter d. In the present case, the bending cylinder 40a has a diameter of 5 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 3.75 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 5 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 3 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 7.5 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 4 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 10 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 5 mm.

The test piece 42a of the wire 18a has a length of about 85 mm in the present case. A test piece length of about 75 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A test piece length of approximately 85 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 3 mm. A test piece length of approximately 100 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 4 mm. A test piece length of approximately 115 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 5 mm. The test piece 42a is preferably cut off from the wire 18a, in particular before the longitudinal element 16a and / or the wire mesh 10a are produced.

The wire 18a or the test piece 42a of the wire 18a can be bent back and forth without breaking at least M times during the back and forth bending test around the bending cylinder 40a and in particular around the further bending cylinder 126a by at least 90 ° in opposite directions, where M, if necessary by means of Rounding off, can be determined as C R ^-0.5 d ^-0.5 and where d is the diameter of the wire 18a in mm, R is the tensile strength of the wire 18a in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N ^{0, 5} mm is ^0.5 . By means of the to-and-fro bending test, the wire 18a can be tested, in addition to its tensile strength, also with regard to its bending properties, which are responsible both for the production of the wire mesh 10a and for a deformation behavior of the wire mesh 10a during installation and in particular in the event of an impact. If a higher value for C is chosen, more flexible wires can be chosen, for example for more demanding applications. For example, C can be a factor of 500 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or 750 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or 1000 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or 2000 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 or even greater. In the present case, this formula gives a value of $$\mathrm{M.}\prime =400{\mathrm{N}}^{0.5}{\mathrm{mm}}^{0.5}\times {\left(1770\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{mm}}^2\right)}^{-0.5}\times {\left(3\mathrm{mm}\right)}^{-0.5}=5.4892.$$

In the present case, M, determined by this formula, is 5 after rounding off M '.

The bending test device 120a defines a bending length 133a. The bending length 133a is a vertical distance between a highest point of the bending cylinder 40a and a lowest point of the drivers 130a, 132a. In the present case, the bending length 133a is approximately 35 mm. A bending length of about 25 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A bending length of approximately 35 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 3 mm. A bending length of about 50 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 4 mm. A bending length of about 75 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 5 mm.

By means of the to-and-fro bending test, a suitable wire 18a can be identified before the wire mesh 10a is produced. The wire 18a is identified as suitable if the test piece 42a of the wire 18a is bent back and forth without breaking at least M times around the bending cylinder 40a and in particular around the further bending cylinder 126a by at least 90 ° in opposite directions during the back and forth bending test can.

The Figure 8 shows a pressing device 134a for carrying out a pressing test in a schematic representation. The pressing device 134a has two opposite, parallel plates 48a, 50a, namely a first plate 48a and a second plate 50a. The plates 48a, 50a can be moved towards one another for pressing along a pressing path 52a. In the present case, the first plate 48a can be moved towards the second plate 50a. Furthermore, in the present case the plates 48a, 50a are moved towards one another during the pressing test at a speed of approximately 117 μm s ⁻ 1. Before the pressing test, the first plate 48a and / or the second plate 50a is advantageously first moved into contact with the test piece 42a of the wire 18a, in particular with a pre-force of about 10 kN and / or at a speed of about 333 µm s ^-1 , other preliminary forces and / or speeds, for example deviating by a factor 2, a factor 5, a factor 10, a factor 20, a factor 50, a factor 100, are also conceivable. The pressing test includes pressing a test piece 46a of the coil 12a. The test piece 46a of the coil 12a has been removed from the coil 12a, in particular cut out of it. The test piece 46a of the coil 12a comprises, in particular precisely, five legs and four bending points. The helix 12a has a transverse extension 44a (cf. also Figure 4a ). In the present case, the transverse extension 44a is approximately 12 mm. The transverse extension 44a is dependent on a geometry of the bending point 24a. The transverse extension 44a is dependent on the bending curvature, the first transition curve and the second transition curve. Any other transverse extensions and their adaptation to an application are conceivable. For example, small transverse extensions can be used if a wire mesh with a small thickness is required, for example a transverse extension of at most 10 mm or of at most 7 mm. Larger transverse extensions are also conceivable, for example a transverse extension of more than 15 mm or of more than 25 mm or of more than 40 mm or even more. In particular, it is conceivable, in the case of larger diameters of longitudinal elements, to choose correspondingly larger transverse extensions. However, tightly curved wire meshes are also conceivable, which have a small transverse extent with a large diameter of a corresponding longitudinal element. In particular, in order to achieve low braid thicknesses, it is conceivable that a first bending point and a second bending point intersect at a small angle, with a corresponding second incline angle in particular having a value of well below 45 °, for example 30 ° or 20 ° or even less . It is also conceivable that a first bending point and a second bending point intersect at a large angle, with a corresponding second pitch angle having a value of well over 45 °, for example of 60 ° or 70 ° or even more, whereby in particular a wire mesh a large thickness and narrowly executed connection points between coils can be realized.

The Figure 9 shows a spring characteristic curve 56a of the test piece 46a of the coil 12a during the pressing test in a schematic pressing path-force diagram 58a. The pressing section-force diagram 58a comprises a pressing section axis 136a, on which a position of the plates 48a, 50a, in particular of the first plate 48a, is plotted along the pressing section 52a. The pressing section-force diagram 58a includes a force axis 138a, on which a pressing force occurring during the pressing test is plotted at a given point on the pressing section 52a. The pressing device 134a is provided to determine the spring characteristic 56a according to the pressing path-force diagram 58a. The test piece 46a of the helix 12a removed from the helix 12a shows the spring characteristic during the pressing test between the parallel plates 48a, 50a, the pressing test including pressing by moving the plates 48a, 50a along the pressing path 52a parallel to the frontal direction 54a of the helix 12a 56a, which in the pressing section-force diagram 58a, starting from the beginning of the pressing section 52a, has an at least approximately linear first characteristic curve 60a with a first gradient. In the present case, the first partial characteristic curve 60a is linear.

The pressing section 52a begins with the plates 48a, 50a resting against the test piece 46a of the turns 12a, in which case no pressing force is yet acting on the test piece 46a of the helix 12a. The pressing section 52a then extends to a point at which the test piece 46a of the helix 12a is pressed flat. In particular, the pressing section 52a extends over a distance which corresponds approximately to a difference between the transverse extension 44a and the wire diameter d. In particular, the test piece 46a of the helix 12a is compressed at least substantially down to the wire diameter d during the pressing test.

The first partial characteristic curve 60a extends over a pressing section value range 66a, which corresponds to at least a quarter of the transverse extension 44a of the helix 12a.

The first partial characteristic curve 60a is followed by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve 62a. The second partial characteristic curve 62a has a second slope which is greater than the first slope. The second slope is at most four times the size of the first slope. In the present case, the second slope is about twice as large as the first slope. However, other factors between the first slope and the second slope are also conceivable, such as 1.1 or 1.5 or 2.5 or 3 or 3.5 or the like.

The spring characteristic 56a has a bend 70a in a transition region 68a between the first partial characteristic 60a and the second partial characteristic 62a. The kink 70a corresponds to a sudden change in a slope of the spring characteristic 56a from the first slope to the second slope.

The second partial characteristic curve 62a extends over a pressing section value range 72a, which corresponds to at least one fifth of the transverse extension 44a of the helix 12a.

The second partial characteristic curve 62 is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64a. The third partial characteristic curve 64a has a steadily increasing slope. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62a and the third partial characteristic curve 64a is free from a kink. The second slope merges continuously into the slope of the third partial characteristic curve 64a. The slope of the third partial characteristic curve 64a corresponds to the second slope at a transition point 116a between the second partial characteristic curve 62a and the third partial characteristic curve 64a.

The Figure 10 shows a bending device 74a for producing the wire mesh 10a in a perspective illustration. The Figure 11 shows a bending space 140a of the bending device 74a in a first operating state in a perspective illustration. The Figure 12 shows the bending space 140a in a second operating state in a perspective illustration. The bending device 74a is provided to produce the wire mesh 10a. The bending device 74a is provided to produce the helix 12a. The bending device 74a is provided for bending the helix 12a according to the geometry of the helix 12a, in particular the legs 20a, 22a and the bending point 24a of the helix 12a. The bending device 74a is intended to produce the wire mesh 10a or the coil 12a from a coil blank 76a to manufacture. The helical blank 76a is formed by the longitudinal element 16a in an unbent state. In the present case, the wire 18a forms the helical blank 76a. However, it is also conceivable that a helical blank is designed as a wire bundle and / or a wire strand and / or a wire rope and / or another longitudinal element. The bending device 74a is provided to manufacture the helix 12a by bending the helix blank 76a.

The bending device 74a has a bending unit 78a. The bending unit 78a comprises a bending mandrel 80a and a bending table 82a. The bending table 82a is provided for bending the helical blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending table 82a is completely supported around the bending mandrel 80a. During production, the bending table 82a runs continuously in a direction of rotation 142a around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending mandrel 80a has a longitudinal axis 144a. The longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a runs parallel to a main direction of extent 94a of the bending mandrel 80a.

The bending device 74a has a feed unit 84a which is provided for advancing the helical blank 76a along a feed axis 86a in a feed direction 88a. The feed axis 86a is arranged parallel to the feed direction 88a. The feed direction 88a runs parallel to a main direction of extent of the helical blank 76a. The feed axis 86a forms an angle with the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a, which at least essentially and in particular exactly corresponds to the first pitch angle 26a. The first pitch angle 26a can be set by adjusting the feed axis 86a relative to the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a.

The bending device 74a has a geometry setting unit 90a which is provided for setting a geometry of the helix 12a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting a length of the first limb 20a and the second limb 22a. The geometry setting unit 90a is for setting the transverse extent 44a of FIG Helix 12a provided. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the first pitch angle 26a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the second pitch angle 30a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the bending curvature. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the first transition curvature. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the second transition curvature. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the geometry of the bending point 24a, in particular the bending area 34a, in particular the first transition area 36a and in particular the second transition area 38a. The geometry setting unit 90a comprises an alignment element 146a for setting the angle between the feed axis 86a and the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a. The alignment element 146a is designed as an elongated hole.

During manufacture, the spiral blank 76a is repeatedly advanced. The bending unit 78a, in particular the bending table 82a, bends the spiral blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a after the advance has taken place, in order to produce a bending point of the finished spiral 12a. A diameter of the bending mandrel 80a defines the bending curvature of the bending area 34a and at least partially the transverse extension 44a of the helix 12a. In particular, the diameter of the bending mandrel 80a defines an inner radius of the bending point 24a.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a transverse lifting unit 92a which is provided to change a position of the bending table 82a along the main direction of extent 94a of the bending mandrel 80a relative to the feed axis 86a periodically and in a synchronized manner with the rotation of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a. In the present case, the transverse lifting unit 92a has a feed element 148a which feeds the helical blank 76a to the bending table 82a. The feed element 148a is designed as a guide table 150a with guide rollers 152a, 154a. The feed member 148a is in a Transverse stroke direction 156a and, against this, slidably mounted relative to the bending table 82a. The transverse stroke direction 156a runs parallel to the main extension direction 94a of the bending mandrel 80a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided to set a maximum transverse stroke 160a. The feed element 148a is displaceable parallel to the transverse stroke direction 156a by the maximum transverse stroke 160a.

The transverse lifting unit 92a has a coupling element 162a which mechanically couples a movement of the feed element 148a to the rotation of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a. In the present case, the coupling element 162a is a lever drive which mechanically couples the feed element 148a to a common drive, not shown, of the bending device 74a. During a revolution of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a, the feed element 148a is deflected away from the bending table 82a from an initial position parallel to the transverse stroke direction 156a. The feed element 148a is then particularly advantageously moved back into its starting position during this revolution of the bending table 82a. In particular, the transverse lifting unit 92a is provided to provide a bending point that occurs during bending with the second pitch angle 30a. In particular, the transverse stroke unit 92a is provided to generate an adjustable maximum transverse stroke 160a. The second slope angle 30a can be set by means of the maximum transverse stroke 160a. By means of the transverse stroke 160a, a second pitch angle 30a can be generated, which differs from the first pitch angle 26a, in particular in that the helical blank 76a is laterally offset around the bending mandrel 80a when a bending point is bent.

In the present case, the bending mandrel 80a is driven. The bending mandrel 80a is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis 144a. The bending mandrel 80a is coupled to the common drive of the bending device 74a via a belt 164a. The bending mandrel 80a is designed to be exchangeable. The bending unit 78a can be equipped with bending mandrels with different diameters.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a stop unit 96a with at least one stop element 98a which defines a maximum feed position for the helical blank 76a. When advancing, the helical blank 76a can be advanced by the advancing unit 84a up to the maximum advancing position. Before it is bent by the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a, the spiral blank 76a is in the maximum feed position. In the maximum advance position, the helical blank 76a abuts the stop element 98a with a last bent bending point 166a of the helix 12a. The Indian Figure 11 The first operating state shown corresponds to a situation immediately before the spiral blank 76a is bent around the bending mandrel 80a. In the first operating state, the helical blank 76a is in the maximum advance position. The Indian Figure 12 The second operating state shown corresponds to a situation during the bending of the helical blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a. In the second operating state, the bending table 82a is displaced along the direction of rotation 142a with respect to its position in the first operating state.

The stop element 98a is supported completely around the bending mandrel 80a. The stop element 98a runs continuously around the bending mandrel 80a in the direction of rotation 142a during manufacture.

A position of the bending table 82a relative to the stop element 98a is variable as the bending table 82a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending table 82a is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis 102a, which itself revolves around the bending mandrel 80a when the bending table 82a rotates around the bending mandrel 80a, in particular in the direction of rotation 142a. The pivot axis 102a moves on a circular path 168a during manufacture (cf. Fig. 13 ). The pivot axis 102a moves at a constant angular velocity during manufacture. During the bending, the bending table 82a and the stop element 98a run at the same speed around the bending mandrel 80a. After the bending, the bending table 82a swivels out about the swivel axis 102a, whereby a maximum bending angle is defined. The bending table 82a pivots then, in particular while the helical blank 76a is being advanced, back again about the pivot axis 102a. In the first operating state, the stop element 98a rests on the bending table 82a.

The stop element 98a has a concavely curved stop surface 100a. The stop surface 100a is correspondingly curved in the direction of a circular arc in the direction of rotation 142a. Furthermore, the stop surface 100a is curved in the shape of a circular arc perpendicular to the curvature in the direction of rotation 142a. A radius of this curvature perpendicular to the direction of rotation 142a corresponds at least essentially to a curvature of the bending point 24a. In the maximum advance position, the last bent bending point 166a rests against the stop surface 100a, which curves in a circular arc around the last bent bending point 166a.

In a feed operating state in which the helical blank 76a is fed, a position of the stop element 98a relative to the feed axis 86a is variable. The stop element 98a moves in the feed operating state, in particular after the helical blank 76a rests against the stop element 98a, and is accordingly in the maximum feed position, along the last bent bending point 166a in the direction of rotation 142a.

The bending unit 78a is provided for bending a helical blank with at least one wire made from a high-strength steel. In the present case, the helical blank 76a can be bent by means of the bending unit 78a. The bending unit 78a is also provided to bend helical blanks from different longitudinal elements, for example from wire strands, wire ropes, wire bundles or the like, as well as individual wires, each with different diameters and / or tensile strengths, into helices. Furthermore, the bending device 74a is provided to produce a wire mesh from appropriately bent coils, in particular the wire mesh 10a.

The bending unit 78a is provided to bend the helical blank 76a by more than 180 ° with a single revolution, in particular with every revolution, of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a. A bending angle is defined by a point in time when the bending table 82a is pivoted about the pivot axis 102a. The bending unit 78a is provided for overbending the spiral blank 76a, in particular in order to compensate for a springback of the spiral blank 76a after bending due to its high hardness. The bending unit 78a is provided to provide the bending point 24a with a total angle of exactly 180 °, so that the helix 12a can be made to run in a straight line.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a holding unit 104a with a holding element 106a which at least partially fixes the helix 12a behind the bending table 82a when it is bent around the bending mandrel 80a, viewed from the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a partially engages around the helix 12a. The holding element 106a is designed like a fork. The holding element 106a supports the helix 12a when the helix blank 76a is bent around the bending mandrel 80a, in which the helix 12a is also rotated in the direction of rotation 142a.

The holding element 106a is supported completely circumferentially around the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis 108a which, when the holding element 106a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a, itself revolves around the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a is mounted on the bending table 82a. The pivot axis 108a of the holding element 106a is identical to the pivot axis 102a of the bending table 82a. The pivot axis 108a runs through a bearing pin 170a, which supports the holding element 106a on the bending table 82a. As the holding element 106a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a, a position of the holding element 106a relative to the bending table 82a is variable. After the bending, the holding element 106a is pivoted away from the helix 12a and moved back through under it into an initial position. The holding element 106a then engages around the helix 12a in the area of a different leg than before.

The Figure 13 shows guide links 172a, 174a of the bending table 82a and of the holding element 106a in a schematic side view. A first guide link 172a effects the pivoting of the bending table 82a about the pivot axis 102a when the bending table 82a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a. A second guide link 174a effects the pivoting of the holding element 106a about the pivot axis 108a of the holding element 106a as the holding element 106a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a.

The Figure 14 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the wire mesh 10a. In a first method step 176a, a test piece 42a of the wire 18a is removed from the longitudinal element 16a and the wire 18a is identified as suitable by performing the described to-and-fro bending test. An unsuitable wire would accordingly no longer be used. In a second method step 178a, the wire mesh 10a is produced from the longitudinal element 16a with the wire 18a identified as being suitable. The wire mesh 10a is manufactured by means of bending, the helix 12a being manufactured. In the second method step 178a, the helix 12a is produced by means of the bending device 74a. In a third method step 180a, a test piece 46a of the coil 12a is removed from the coil 12a and tested by means of the press test described. The third method step 180a can take place after a short test run of a production of a test piece of the wire mesh 10a and / or for quality control purposes.

The described method steps 176a, 178a, 180a can also be carried out independently of one another. For example, it is conceivable to process a wire identified as suitable by means of the to-and-fro bending test or a corresponding longitudinal element in another way to form a wire mesh. It is also conceivable to use the bending device to produce a wire mesh that does not have any wire that exhibits the described behavior in the to-and-fro bending test and / or in the pressing test. Also is a Any desired manufacturing method for a wire mesh is conceivable, which in particular shows the behavior described during the pressing test. In principle, it is conceivable to manufacture a wire mesh with one or more of the features described by means of a braiding knife and / or a bending table that can be pivoted back and forth or another suitable manufacturing device.

In the Figures 15 to 25 nine further embodiments of the invention are shown. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, whereby with regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference symbols, in principle also to the drawings and / or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular the Figures 1 to 14 , can be referenced. To distinguish the exemplary embodiments, the letter a is the reference number of the exemplary embodiment in FIG Figures 1 to 14 adjusted. In the embodiments of Figures 15 to 25 the letter a is replaced by the letters b to j.

The Figure 15 shows a second wire mesh 10b in a schematic front view. The second wire mesh 10b has a plurality of coils 12b braided into one another, of which at least one coil 12b is made from a longitudinal element 16b with a wire 18b. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16b is designed as a wire bundle with the wire 18b. The helix 12b has a first leg 20b, a second leg 22b and a bending point 24b connecting the first leg 20b and the second leg 22b. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main plane of extent of the helix 12b, the first leg 20b runs at a first angle of inclination 26b with respect to a longitudinal direction 28b of the helix 12b.

The Figure 16 shows the bending point 24b of the coil 12b in a transverse view parallel to the main plane of extension of the coil 12b and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28b of the coil 12b. When viewed from the side, the Bending point 24b at least in sections with a second slope angle 30b different from the first slope angle 26b with respect to the longitudinal direction 28b of the helix 12b.

In the present case, the first pitch angle 26b is less than 45 °. The first pitch angle 26b is approximately 30 °. The second wire mesh 10b has wide meshes due to the small first pitch angle 26b. The second wire mesh 10b is provided to be rolled out transversely to a slope, so that the second wire mesh 10b can be laid out without interruption over a large distance across the slope. Parallel to the slope, a height of a corresponding installation accordingly corresponds to a width of the second wire mesh 10b or a length of the helix 12b.

The second pitch angle 30b is greater than the first pitch angle 26b. In the present case, the second pitch angle 30b is approximately 45 °.

The Figure 17 shows a third wire mesh 10c in a schematic front view. The third wire mesh 10c has a plurality of coils 12c braided into one another, of which at least one coil 12c is made from a longitudinal element 16c with a wire 18c. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16c is designed as a wire strand with the wire 18c. The longitudinal element 16c has a plurality of identically formed wires 18c wound around one another. The helix 12c has a first leg 20c, a second leg 22c and a bending point 24c connecting the first leg 20c and the second leg 22c. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main plane of extent of the coil 12c, the first leg 20c runs at a first pitch angle 26c with respect to a longitudinal direction 28c of the coil 12c.

The Figure 18 shows the bending point 24c of the coil 12c in a transverse view parallel to the main plane of extension of the coil 12c and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28c of the coil 12c. In the transverse view, the bending point 24c runs at least in sections with one of the first Pitch angle 26c different second pitch angles 30c with respect to the longitudinal direction 28c of the helix 12c.

In the present case, the first pitch angle 26c is greater than 45 °. The first pitch angle 26c is approximately 75 °. The third wire mesh 10c has narrow meshes due to the large first pitch angle 26c. The wire mesh 10c is therefore very tensile in a longitudinal direction of the mesh. Furthermore, the wire mesh 10c is more easily stretchable in a transverse direction of the mesh than in the longitudinal direction.

The second pitch angle 30c is smaller than the first pitch angle 26c. In the present case, the second pitch angle 30c is approximately 45 °.

The Figure 19 shows a coil 12d of a fourth wire mesh, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the coil 12d, in a schematic illustration. The helix 12d is made from a longitudinal element 16d with at least one wire 18d. The coil 12d has a first leg 20d, a second leg 22d and a bending point 24d connecting the first leg 20d and the second leg 22d. In a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction 28d of the helix 12d, the bending point 24d comprises a bending region 34d with a first bending curvature. In the longitudinal view, the bending point 24d further comprises a first transition region 36a connected to the first leg 20d and having a first transition curvature that differs from the bending curvature. In addition, when viewed longitudinally, the bending point 24d comprises a second transition area 38d, which is connected to the second leg 22d and has a second transition curvature.

The first leg 20d has a curved course. The first leg 20d is free from a straight course. The bending area 34d is curved in a circular arc. The first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical.

The Figure 20 shows a coil 12e of a fifth wire mesh, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the coil 12e, in a schematic representation. The helix 12e is made from a longitudinal element 16e with at least one wire 18e. The coil 12e has a first limb 20e, a second limb 22e and a bending point 24e connecting the first limb 20e and the second limb 22e. In a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction 28e of the helix 12e, the bending point 24e comprises a bending region 34e with a first bending curvature. In the longitudinal view, the bending point 24e further comprises a first transition region 36a connected to the first leg 20e and having a first transition curvature that differs from the bending curvature. In the longitudinal view, the bending point 24e also includes a second transition region 38e, which is connected to the second leg 22e and has a second transition curvature.

The first transition region 36e follows a straight course in sections. The first transition region 36e forms part of the first leg 20e. In the present case, the first transition region 36e forms one half of the first leg 20e. The first transition region 36a merges continuously into the first leg 20e. In an analogous manner, the second transition area 38e forms one half of the second leg 22e.

The Figure 21 shows a spring characteristic curve 56f of a test piece of a helix of a sixth wire mesh in a schematic pressing section-force diagram 58f. The spring characteristic 56f was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing section. The sixth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 2 mm. The sixth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

Starting from the beginning of the pressing section, the spring characteristic curve 56f has an approximately linearly extending first partial characteristic curve 60f with a first slope. The first characteristic curve 60f is followed by an approximately linear curve second partial characteristic curve 62f with a second slope which is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68f between the first partial characteristic curve 60f and the second partial characteristic curve 62f, the spring characteristic curve 56f has a kink 70f.

The second partial characteristic curve 62f is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64f. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62f and the third partial characteristic curve 64f is free from a kink.

The Figure 22 shows a spring characteristic 56g of a test piece of a helix of a seventh wire mesh in a schematic pressing path-force diagram 58g. The spring characteristic 56g was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing section. The seventh wire mesh is made from high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 2 mm. The seventh wire mesh has a leg length of about 45 mm.

Starting from the beginning of the pressing section, the spring characteristic curve 56g has an approximately linearly running first partial characteristic curve 60g with a first slope. The first partial characteristic curve 60g is followed by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve 62g with a second slope that is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68g between the first partial characteristic 60g and the second partial characteristic 62g, the spring characteristic 56g has a kink 70g.

The second partial characteristic curve 62g is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64g. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62g and the third partial characteristic curve 64g is free from a kink.

The Figure 23 shows a spring characteristic 56h of a test piece of a helix of an eighth wire mesh in a schematic pressing path-force diagram 58h.

The spring characteristic 56h was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing section. The eighth wire mesh is off a high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 3 mm. The eighth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

Starting from the beginning of the pressing section, the spring characteristic curve 56h has an approximately linearly extending first partial characteristic curve 60h with a first slope. The first partial characteristic curve 60h is followed by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve 62h with a second slope that is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68h between the first partial characteristic curve 60h and the second partial characteristic curve 62h, the spring characteristic curve 56h has a kink 70h.

The second partial characteristic curve 62h is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64h. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62h and the third partial characteristic curve 64h is free from a kink.

The Figure 24 shows a spring characteristic 56i of a test piece of a helix of a ninth wire mesh in a schematic pressing path-force diagram 58i. The spring characteristic 56i was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing section. The ninth wire mesh is made from high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 4 mm. The ninth wire mesh has a leg length of about 80 mm.

Starting from the beginning of the pressing section, the spring characteristic curve 56i has an approximately linearly running first partial characteristic curve 60i with a first slope. The first partial characteristic curve 60i is followed by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve 62i with a second slope that is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68i between the first partial characteristic curve 60i and the second partial characteristic curve 62i, the spring characteristic curve 56i has a kink 70i.

The second partial characteristic curve 62i is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64i. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62i and the third partial characteristic curve 64i is free from a kink.

The Figure 25 shows a spring characteristic curve 56j of a test piece of a helix of a tenth wire mesh in a schematic pressing path-force diagram 58j. The spring characteristic 56j was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing section. The tenth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 4 mm. The tenth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

Starting from the beginning of the pressing section, the spring characteristic curve 56j has an approximately linearly running first partial characteristic curve 60j with a first slope. The first partial characteristic curve 60j is followed by an approximately linearly extending second partial characteristic curve 62j with a second slope that is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68j between the first partial characteristic curve 60j and the second partial characteristic curve 62j, the spring characteristic curve 56j has a kink 70j.

The second partial characteristic curve 62j is followed by a convexly curved third partial characteristic curve 64j. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62j and the third partial characteristic curve 64j is free from a kink.

Reference number

10

wire mesh

12

Helix

14th

Helix

16

Longitudinal element

18th

wire

20th

leg

22nd

leg

24

Bending point

26th

Pitch angle

28

Longitudinal direction

30th

Pitch angle

32

Bending point

34

Bending area

36

Transition area

38

Transition area

40

Bending cylinder

42

Test piece

44

Transverse extension

46

Test piece

48

plate

50

plate

52

Pressing section

54

Frontal direction

56

Spring characteristic

58

Press section-force diagram

60

Partial characteristic

62

Partial characteristic

64

Partial characteristic

66

Press section value range

68

Transition area

70

Kink

72

Press section value range

74

Bending device

76

Helical blank

78

Bending unit

80

Bending mandrel

82

Bending table

84

Feed unit

86

Feed axis

88

Feed direction

90

Geometry setting unit

92

Transverse lifting unit

94

Main direction of extent

96

Stop unit

98

Stop element

100

Stop surface

102

Swivel axis

104

Holding unit

106

Retaining element

108

Swivel axis

109

Longitudinal axis

110

Longitudinal axis

112

Main direction of extent

114

Longitudinal axis

116

Transition point

118

Crossing angle

120

Bending test device

122

Clamping jaw

124

Clamping jaw

126

Bending cylinder

128

Bending lever

130

Carrier

132

Carrier

133

Bending length

134

Pressing device

136

Press section axis

138

Power axis

140

Bending space

142

Direction of rotation

144

Longitudinal axis

146

Alignment element

148

Feed element

150

Leadership table

152

Leadership role

154

Leadership role

156

Cross stroke direction

158

Coupling element

160

Transverse stroke

162

Coupling element

164

belt

166

Bending point

168

Circular path

170

Bearing pin

172

Leadership backdrop

174

Leadership backdrop

176

Process step

178

Process step

180

Process step

Claims (12)

1. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c), in particular safety net, with a plurality of helices (12a, 14a; 12b; 12c) which are braided with one another and at least one of which is manufactured of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element (16a; 16b; 16c) with at least one wire (18a; 18b; 18c), and which comprises at least one first leg (20a; 20b; 20c), at least one second leg (22a; 22b; 22c) and at least one bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) connecting the first leg (20a; 20b; 20c) and the second leg (22a; 22b; 22c) to one another,
   wherein, in a front view perpendicularly to a main extension plane of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c), the first leg (20a; 20b; 20c) extends with at least one first gradient angle (26a; 26b; 26c) with respect to a longitudinal direction (28a; 28b; 28c) of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c), characterized in that, in a transverse view in parallel to the main extension plane of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c) and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (28a; 28b; 28c) of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c), the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) follows, at least on a section comprising at least 50 % of the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c), an at least approximately straight course and wherein the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) extends, at least in the section with the straight course, with a second gradient angle (30a; 30b; 30c) with respect to the longitudinal direction (28a; 28b; 28c) of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c), the second gradient angle (30a; 30b; 30c) differing from the first gradient angle (26a; 26b; 26c), wherein the wire (18a; 18b; 18c) is realized as a high-tensile steel with a tensile strength of at least 800 N/mm².
2. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second gradient angle (30a; 30b; 30c) differs from the first gradient angle (26a; 26b; 26c) by at least 2.5°, advantageously by at least 10°.
3. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second gradient angle (30a; 30b; 30c) has a value between 25° and 65°, advantageously between 40° and 50°.
4. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the transverse view the helix (12a; 12b; 12c) follows at least section-wise a stepped course.
5. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, the first leg (20a; 20b; 20c) and/or the second leg (22a; 22b; 22c) at least section-wise follow/follows a straight course.
6. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first leg (20a; 20b; 20c) extends at least section-wise in a first plane and the second leg (22a; 22b; 22c) extends at least section-wise in a second plane that is parallel to the first plane.
7. Wire netting (10a) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one further helix (14a) with at least one further bending region (32a), in a proximity of which the helix (12a) and the further helix (14a) intersect at least substantially perpendicularly.
8. Wire netting (10a; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second gradient angle (30a; 30c) is smaller than the first gradient angle (26a; 26c).
9. Wire netting (10b) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second gradient angle (30b) is larger than the first gradient angle (26b).
10. Wire netting (10a; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first gradient angle (26a; 26c) is larger than 45°.
11. Wire netting (10b) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first gradient angle (26b) is smaller than 45°.
12. Method for manufacturing a helix (12a) for a wire netting (10a), in particular for a safety net, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the helix (12a) is manufactured of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element (16a) with at least one wire (18a), and wherein at least one first leg (20a), at least one second leg (22a) and at least one bending region (24a) of the helix (12a) connecting the first leg (20a) and the second leg (22a) to one another are manufactured by way of bending, as a result of which, in a first view perpendicularly to a main extension plane of the helix (12a), the first leg (20a) and/or the second leg (22a) extends at least with a first gradient angle (26a) with respect to a longitudinal direction (28a) of the helix (12a), characterized in that the helix (12a) is manufactured by bending in such a way that, in a second view in parallel to the main extension plane of the helix (12a) and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (28a) of the helix (12a), the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) follows, at least on a section comprising at least 50 % of the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c), an at least approximately straight course and wherein the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) extends, at least in the section with the straight course, with a second gradient angle (30a) with respect to the longitudinal direction (28a) of the helix (12a) that differs from the first gradient angle (26a), wherein the wire (18a; 18b; 18c) is realized as a high-tensile steel wire with a tensile strength of at least 800 N/mm².

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