EP3574147B1 - Wire mesh - Google Patents

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a wire mesh according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the state of the art, for example from the documents WO 99/43894 A1 or WO 2013/124070 A1 , Wire meshes made of high-strength steel wire are known. High-strength steel wire breaks comparatively quickly when bent, which can lead to a reduced resilience of the wire mesh despite a high tensile strength of the wire and result in a high level of rejects in production.

The object of the invention is in particular to provide a wire mesh of the generic type with advantageous properties in terms of resilience. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1, while advantageous configurations and developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Advantages of the Invention

Irrespective of the invention, a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is used with a plurality of interwoven helices, of which at least one helix is made from at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element with at least one wire and at least a first leg, at least one second leg and at least one of the first leg and comprises the bending point that connects the second leg to one another, the first leg running at least at a first pitch angle with respect to a longitudinal direction of the helix in a frontal view perpendicular to a main extension plane of the helix, wherein in a transverse view parallel to the main extension plane of the helix and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the helix the bending point is described, at least in sections, with a second pitch angle that differs from the first pitch angle, in particular beyond a range of manufacturing accuracies, with respect to the longitudinal direction of the coil. As a result, a high load capacity can advantageously be achieved. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. Advantageously, a geometry of coils and/or meshes of a braid can be adapted to an expected stress. Furthermore, a load-bearing capacity of crossing and/or node points in a network can be increased. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be individually optimized in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high level of rigidity, in particular transversely to the mesh and/or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adjusted flexibly and/or as required.

In addition, independently of the invention, a method for producing a helix for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, in particular a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, in which the helix consists of at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and /or another longitudinal element is manufactured with at least one wire and at least one first leg, at least one second leg and at least one of the first leg and the second leg connected to one another by bending connecting bending point of the coil are made so that in a first consideration perpendicular to a

Main extension plane of the helix, the first leg and/or the second leg runs at least at a first pitch angle with respect to a longitudinal direction of the helix. In this case, the coil is manufactured by bending in such a way that, in a second view, the bending point runs parallel to the main extension plane of the coil and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the coil, at least in sections with a second gradient angle that differs from the first gradient angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the coil. As a result, a high load capacity can advantageously be achieved. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. Advantageously, a geometry of coils and/or meshes of a braid can be adapted to an expected stress. Furthermore, a load-bearing capacity of crossing and/or node points in a network can be increased. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be individually optimized in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high level of rigidity, in particular transversely to the mesh and/or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adjusted flexibly and/or as required.

Irrespective of the invention, a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is used with a plurality of interwoven helices, of which at least one helix is made from at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire cable and/or another longitudinal element with at least one wire and at least comprises a first leg, at least one second leg and at least one bending point connecting the first leg and the second leg to one another, wherein in a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction of the helix, the bending point comprises at least one bending area with a bending curvature and at least one first transition area connected to the first leg with a first transitional curvature that differs from the bending curvature. In this way, advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of resilience. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. Advantageously, a geometry of coils and/or meshes of a braid can be adapted to an expected stress. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be individually optimized in a load-specific manner. In addition, this advantageously makes it possible to provide a wire mesh with a high level of rigidity, in particular transversely to the mesh and/or along the mesh. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adjusted flexibly and/or as required. In addition, the behavior of a bending point can be optimized when a load is applied. Furthermore, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to a bending point geometry.

Furthermore, independently of the invention, a method for producing a helix for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, in particular a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is provided, in which the helix consists of at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and /or another longitudinal element is manufactured with at least one wire and at least one first leg, at least one second leg and at least one bending point of the helix connecting the first leg and the second leg are produced by bending. In this case, the coil is manufactured by bending in such a way that, in a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction of the coil, the bending point has at least one bending region with a bending curvature and at least one connected to the first leg first transition region having a first transition curvature different from the bending curvature. In this way, advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of resilience. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. Advantageously, a geometry of coils and/or meshes of a braid can be adapted to an expected stress. Advantageously, different areas of a helix of a wire mesh can be individually optimized in a load-specific manner. In addition, a wire mesh with a high degree of hardness, in particular transversely to the mesh and/or along the mesh, can advantageously be provided in this way. Furthermore, mechanical properties of a wire mesh can be adjusted flexibly and/or as required. In addition, the behavior of a bending point can be optimized when a load is applied. Furthermore, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to a bending point geometry.

Irrespective of the invention, a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is used with a plurality of helices woven into one another, of which at least one helix consists of at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire cable and/or another longitudinal element with at least one wire, which in particular consists of is made of high-strength steel, wherein the wire can be bent back and forth at least M times without breaking in a bending test around at least one bending cylinder with a maximum diameter of 2d by at least 90° in opposite directions, where M, if necessary by means of rounding , can be determined as C R ^-0.5 d ^-0.5 and where d is a diameter of the wire in mm, R is a tensile strength of the wire in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N ^0.5 mm ^{0 ,5} is described. This allows advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of processability and/or manufacturability. Furthermore, a resilient wire mesh can be provided. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with high strength, in particular high tensile strength, can be provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of hardness and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, broken wires can advantageously be avoided in the production of wire meshes. In particular, test runs in the production of wire meshes can advantageously be dispensed with, at least to a large extent. Furthermore, wires suitable for a wire mesh with a high resilience can be identified easily and/or quickly and/or reliably. In particular, a selection method for a suitable wire that is significantly more stringent and/or more load-specific than a bending test according to ISO 7801 can be provided.

In addition, independently of the invention, a method for identifying a suitable wire, in particular made of high-strength steel, for a wire mesh, in particular for a safety net, with a plurality of interwoven helices, of which at least one helix consists of at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand , a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element with the appropriate wire is described. It is proposed that the wire is identified as suitable if a test piece of the wire is bent back and forth at least M times without breaking in a back and forth bending test around a bending cylinder with a diameter of not more than 2d by at least 90° each time in opposite directions can, where M, optionally by rounding, as C · R ^-0.5 · d ^-0.5 can be determined and where d is a diameter of the wire in mm, R is a tensile strength of the wire in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 . In this way, advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of resilience. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with a high strength, especially a high tensile strength, are provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of rigidity and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, broken wires can advantageously be avoided in the production of wire meshes. In particular, test runs in the production of wire meshes can advantageously be dispensed with, at least to a large extent. Furthermore, wires suitable for a wire mesh with a high resilience can be identified easily and/or quickly and/or reliably.

According to the invention, a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, has a plurality of helices woven into one another, of which at least one helix is made from at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element with at least one wire made from high-strength steel and has a plurality of legs, a plurality of bending points each connecting two legs and a transverse extension along a frontal direction perpendicular to a main plane of extension of the coil, wherein a test piece of the coil taken from the coil, comprising at least five legs and at least four bending points, in a compression test between parallel Plates, which includes pressing by moving the plates along a pressing section parallel to the frontal direction, shows a spring characteristic that is at least approximately linear in a pressing section-force diagram, starting from the beginning of the pressing section has running or running linear first partial characteristic with a first slope proposed. In this case, the pressing section-force diagram is in particular a path-force diagram. In this way, advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of resilience. In addition, high security can be achieved. In particular, a wire mesh with a high strength, especially a high

tensile strength, are provided. A wire mesh with balanced properties in terms of hardness and tensile strength can advantageously be provided. Furthermore, a wire mesh can be provided with a high resilience with regard to forces acting transversely to the mesh, in particular by impacting objects. In addition, a suitability of a braid can be determined in a simple and/or quick and/or reliable manner.

Regardless of the invention, a bending device for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, which has a plurality of coils braided into one another, of which at least one coil consists of at least one coil blank, namely a single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another Longitudinal element, is made with at least one wire, with a bending unit, which has at least one bending mandrel and at least one bending table, which is provided for bending the coil blank around the bending mandrel and which is mounted completely around the bending mandrel, with a feed unit, which to a feed of the coil blank along a feed axis in a feed direction, and with a geometry setting unit that is provided for setting a geometry of the coil. In this way, advantageous properties can be achieved with regard to production. In particular, a large parameter space can be made available with regard to the production of a wire mesh. In addition, a geometry of coils and/or meshes of a wire mesh can be adjusted variably and/or as required. Furthermore, rapid and/or reliable production can be made possible. In addition, a flexible and/or extensively adjustable bending device can be provided. Furthermore, a high throughput can be achieved during production. In addition, on a in particular time-consuming and/or energy-consuming braking of moving parts when bending a helix of a wire mesh can be largely dispensed with. In addition, a low-maintenance bending device can be provided and/or downtimes, for example due to maintenance, can be reduced.

“Provided” should be understood to mean, in particular, specially programmed, designed and/or equipped. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state. The fact that a method is "intended" for a purpose is to be understood in particular as meaning that the method includes at least one method step that is specifically aimed at the purpose and/or that the method is specifically aimed at the purpose and/or that the method serves to fulfill the purpose and is at least partially optimized for this fulfillment. The fact that a procedural step is "intended" for a purpose is to be understood in particular as meaning that the procedural step is specifically aimed at the purpose and/or that the procedural step is specifically directed at the purpose and/or that the procedural step serves to fulfill the purpose and is at least partially optimized for this fulfillment.

Advantageously, a resilient wire mesh and/or a wire mesh that can be produced in an adapted manner with regard to a requirement profile and/or a flexibly adaptable and/or reliable method for its production can be provided. Advantageously, mechanical properties of bending points and/or connection points and/or legs and/or braided helices can be optimized and/or adjusted independently but also synergistically. Furthermore, a method for quality control that is easy to use and/or provides reliable results is provided.

In particular, the coil consists of a longitudinal element, namely an individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or a other longitudinal element, which comprises at least the wire made. In this context, a “wire” is to be understood in particular as an elongate and/or thin and/or at least mechanically bendable and/or pliable body. Advantageously, the wire has an at least substantially constant, in particular circular or elliptical, cross section along its longitudinal direction. The wire is particularly advantageously designed as a round wire. However, it is also conceivable that the wire is designed at least partially or completely as a flat wire, a square wire, a polygonal wire and/or a profile wire. For example, the wire can be formed at least partially or completely from metal, in particular a metal alloy, and/or organic and/or inorganic plastic and/or a composite material and/or an inorganic non-metallic material and/or a ceramic material. It is conceivable, for example, that the wire is designed as a polymer wire or a plastic wire. In particular, the wire can be formed as a composite wire, for example as a metal-organic composite wire and/or a metal-inorganic composite wire and/or a metal-polymer composite wire and/or a metal-metal composite wire or the like. In particular, it is conceivable that the wire comprises at least two different materials, which are arranged relative to one another and/or are at least partially mixed with one another, in particular according to a composite geometry. The wire is advantageously designed as a metal wire, in particular as a steel wire, in particular as a high-grade steel wire. If the coil has several wires, these are preferably identical. However, it is also conceivable for the coil to have a plurality of wires which differ in particular with regard to their material and/or their diameter and/or their cross section. The wire preferably has a corrosion-resistant coating and/or sheath, such as a zinc coating and/or an aluminum-zinc coating and/or a plastic coating and/or a PET coating and/or a metal oxide coating and/or a ceramic coating or the like .

The transverse extent of the coil is advantageously larger, in particular considerably larger than a diameter of the wire and/or than a diameter of the longitudinal element from which the coil is made. Depending on the application and in particular depending on the desired resilience and/or depending on the desired spring properties of the wire mesh, in particular in the frontal direction, the transverse extent can be, for example, twice or three times or five times or ten times or 20 times the diameter of the longitudinal element, with intermediate ones also being possible Values or smaller values or larger values are conceivable. Likewise, depending on the application, the wire can have a diameter of, for example, about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm or even more or even less or even a diameter of something in between have value. Larger, in particular considerably larger, diameters are also conceivable if the longitudinal element comprises a number of components, in particular a number of wires, such as in the case of a wire rope or a stranded wire or a wire bundle or the like.

In particular, the wire mesh is used as a slope protection, as a security fence, as a catch fence, as a rock fall protection net, as a barrier fence, as a fish farming net, as a predator protection net, as an enclosure fence, as a tunnel protection, as a slope debris protection, as a motorsport protection fence, a road fence, an avalanche safety device or the like. In particular, due to its high strength and/or resilience, applications as a cover and/or casing, for example for power plants, factory buildings, residential buildings or other buildings, as explosion protection, as bullet protection, as shielding against flying objects, as a safety net, as impact protection or the like are also conceivable . The wire mesh can, for example, be designed and/or arranged and/or mounted horizontally or vertically or obliquely, in particular relative to a substrate. In particular, the wire mesh is flat. The wire mesh is advantageously regular and/or in at least one direction built up periodically. The wire mesh can preferably be rolled up and/or unrolled, in particular around an axis which runs parallel to the main direction of extent of the helix. In particular, a roll rolled up from the wire mesh can be unrolled in a direction perpendicular to the main direction of extent of the helix.

The helix is preferably designed in the manner of a spiral. In particular, the helix is designed as a flattened spiral. Preferably, a multiplicity of bending points and a multiplicity of limbs form the helix, bending points advantageously being directly connected to limbs in each case. The transverse extent is advantageously considerably smaller than a length of the first leg. Particularly advantageously, the helix has an at least substantially constant or a constant diameter and/or cross section along its course. The coil particularly preferably has a large number of legs which are advantageously at least essentially identical or identical in design. Advantageously, the helix has a multiplicity of bending points, each connecting two adjacent legs, which are preferably of at least essentially identical or identical design. The helix is preferably formed from a single longitudinal element, in particular only from the longitudinal element, for example from the wire or a stranded wire or a wire cable or a wire bundle or the like. In this context, "at least essentially identical" objects should be understood in particular to mean that the objects are constructed in such a way that they can each fulfill a common function and, apart from manufacturing tolerances, differ in their construction at most by individual elements that are responsible for the common function are immaterial. Preferably, “at least essentially identical” should be understood to mean identical, apart from manufacturing tolerances and/or within the scope of manufacturing possibilities. In this context, an "at least essentially constant value" is to be understood in particular as meaning a value which has increased by at most 20%, advantageously by at most 15%, particularly advantageously by not more than 10%, preferably by not more than 5%, preferably by not more than 3% and particularly preferably by not more than 2% or even by not more than 1%. The fact that an object has an "at least essentially constant cross-section" is to be understood in particular as meaning that for any first cross-section of the object along at least one direction and any second cross-section of the object along the direction, a minimum surface area of a differential surface that is formed when the cross sections are superimposed is at most 20%, advantageously at most 10% and particularly advantageously at most 5% of the surface area of the larger of the two cross sections.

The longitudinal direction of the coil is preferably arranged at least essentially parallel or parallel to a main direction of extension of the coil. The coil preferably has a longitudinal axis which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the coil. Preferably, the main extension plane of the helix is arranged at least essentially parallel to a main extension plane of the wire mesh, at least in a planarly designed and/or planarly unrolled state of the wire mesh, which can differ in particular from an installed state of the wire mesh. A "main extension direction" of an object is to be understood in particular as a direction which runs parallel to a longest edge of the smallest imaginary cuboid which just about completely encloses the object. "At least essentially parallel" is to be understood here in particular as an alignment of a direction relative to a reference direction, in particular in a plane, with the direction relative to the reference direction deviating in particular by less than 8°, advantageously less than 5° and particularly advantageously less than 2°. A "main extension plane" of an object is to be understood in particular as a plane which is parallel to a largest side surface of an imaginary cuboid which just about completely encloses the object and in particular runs through the center point of the cuboid.

The wire mesh preferably has a plurality or a multiplicity of coils, in particular of identical design. It is also conceivable that the wire mesh is formed from a number of different coils. The coils are advantageously connected to one another. In particular, adjacent coils are arranged in such a way that their longitudinal directions run parallel. One helix is preferably braided and/or twisted into two adjacent helixes. In particular, the wire mesh can be produced by a helix being screwed into a preliminary braid, a further helix being screwed into this screwed-in helix, a helix being screwed into this further screwed-in helix, and so on. Adjacent coils are advantageously connected via their bending points. In a particularly advantageous manner, two bending points of different coils are connected to one another, in particular hooked into one another. In particular, the coils of the wire mesh have the same sense of rotation. Advantageously, two coils are knotted together, in particular at a first of their ends and/or at a second of their ends opposite the first ends.

The wire mesh preferably has at least one mesh. The mesh is particularly preferably delimited by four legs, two of which in particular belong to the same helix. The helix advantageously delimits the mesh on at least one side, in particular on two sides. In particular, the mesh is square, in particular rhombic. The mesh is advantageously symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the helix and/or symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the helix. Preferably, the mesh has a first interior angle. The absolute value of the first interior angle is particularly preferably twice as large as that of the first pitch angle. In particular, the first interior angle is composed of two pitch angles of adjacent coils. The longitudinal axis of the helix is advantageously a bisector of the first angle. Preferably, the Open a second interior angle adjacent to the first interior angle. In particular, a sum of half the amount of the second interior angle and an amount of the pitch angle corresponds at least essentially or exactly to 90°. A bisector of the second interior angle is advantageously perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coil. The mesh particularly advantageously has a third interior angle, which is arranged opposite the first interior angle. In particular, the amount of the third interior angle is identical to that of the first interior angle. The mesh advantageously has a fourth interior angle, which is arranged opposite the second interior angle. In particular, the amount of the fourth interior angle is identical to that of the second interior angle. Advantageously, the wire mesh has a plurality of in particular at least essentially identical or identical meshes. In a particularly advantageous manner, two adjacent helices each form a plurality of meshes. The first leg and the second leg preferably form the mesh together with a further first leg and a further second leg of a further helix arranged adjacent to the helix. In this context, “at least essentially” is to be understood in particular as meaning that a deviation from a specified value corresponds in particular to less than 15%, preferably less than 10% and particularly preferably less than 5% of the specified value.

The first pitch angle is advantageously an angle between a longitudinal axis of the first leg and the longitudinal axis of the coil, in particular when viewed from the front. The second pitch angle is particularly advantageously an angle between a main extension direction of the bending point and the longitudinal axis of the helix, in particular when viewed transversely.

In particular, the bending area comprises at least 25%, advantageously at least 50%, particularly advantageously at least 75% and preferably at least 85% of the bending point.

The first leg is preferably connected in one piece to the bending point, in particular to the first transition area. The second leg is particularly preferably connected in one piece to the bending point. The first transition area is advantageously connected in one piece to the bending area. The helix is particularly preferably designed in one piece. In particular, a main extension plane of the bending point differs from a main extension plane of the first transition area. However, it is also conceivable that the bending point and the first transition area have a common main extension plane. The term "in one piece" should in particular be understood as being at least cohesively connected, for example by a welding process, an adhesive process, an injection molding process and/or another process that appears sensible to the person skilled in the art, and/or advantageously formed in one piece, such as by production from a casting and/or by manufacturing in a one-component or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank. If the helix is formed from a longitudinal element with several components such as a strand and/or a wire cable and/or a wire bundle, "in one piece" in this context should be understood in particular that partial wires and/or other components of the longitudinal element along a course of the Coils are uninterrupted. In particular, the helix is made from a single longitudinal element or from a single longitudinal element blank.

In the bending test, the wire is preferably bent around two opposite, identically designed bending cylinders. The bending cylinders are advantageously provided to carry out the bending test back and forth without deformation and/or without damage.

The test piece of the coil is advantageously in one piece. The test piece of the coil preferably has exactly four bending points. The test piece of the helix particularly preferably comprises exactly five legs. In particular, the parallel plates are provided to the compression test without deformation and / or to be carried out without damage. In particular, during pressing, a first plate of the two parallel plates is moved along the pressing section towards a second plate of the two parallel plates. In particular, during pressing the first plate moves relative to the second plate at a speed of at least 10 µm s ^-1 , advantageously at least 50 µm s ^-1 , particularly advantageously at least 100 µm s ^-1 , preferably about 117 µm s ^-1 . In particular, the test piece of the coil is irreversibly deformed in the pressing test. In this context, “running at least approximately linearly” is to be understood in particular as being free of jumps. According to the invention, “running at least approximately linearly” is to be understood to mean running with an at least essentially constant gradient.

Advantageously, the feed unit has at least one feed element, which is driven in particular and which exerts a feed force on the coil blank during the feed. The feed element is preferably designed as a feed roller. In a particularly advantageous manner, the feed unit has a plurality of feed elements, of which in particular at least one, advantageously some, particularly advantageously all, are driven, between which the coil blank is guided during the advance.

In particular, the geometry setting unit is provided to determine a curvature of the bending point, in particular the bending area and/or the first transition area, and/or a length of the first leg and/or a length of the second leg and/or the transverse extent of the helix and/or the first Adjust pitch angle and / or the second pitch angle and / or a geometry of the mesh. The bending device is advantageously provided to produce the coil. In particular, the bending device is intended to produce the wire mesh.

Advantageously, the bending device comprises a braiding unit for braiding the helix into a preliminary braid, in particular a preliminary braid of a A plurality of coils which are at least essentially identical or identical to the coil are provided.

The bending mandrel is preferably mounted such that it can rotate about a longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. In particular, the bending mandrel is driven. The bending device, in particular the bending unit, advantageously has at least one drive unit for the bending mandrel, which rotates the bending mandrel about its longitudinal axis. The bending device, in particular the bending unit, preferably has at least one drive unit for the bending table, which is provided to drive the bending table in a rotating manner around the bending mandrel. The bending device preferably has a single drive unit which is connected to driven and/or moving components of the bending device by means of suitable belts, wheels, gears etc. and/or is provided for driving them.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the wire is made at least partially, in particular completely apart from a coating, from high-strength steel. Preferably the wire is high strength steel wire. For example, the high-strength steel can be spring steel and/or wire steel and/or a steel suitable for wire ropes. In particular, the wire has a tensile strength of at least 800 N mm ^-2 , advantageously at least 1000 N mm ^-2 , particularly advantageously at least 1200 N mm ^-2 , preferably at least 1400 N mm ^-2 and particularly preferably at least 1600 N mm ^{-2 2} , in particular a tensile strength of about 1770 N mm ^-2 or about 1960 N mm ^-2 . It is also conceivable that the wire has an even higher tensile strength, for example a tensile strength of at least 2000 N mm ^-2 , or at least 2200 N mm ^-2 , or also at least 2400 N mm ^-2 . As a result, a high load-bearing capacity, in particular a high tensile strength and/or a high rigidity transversely to the braiding, can be achieved. In addition, advantageous bending properties can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the second pitch angle be increased by at least 2.5°, preferably by at least 5°. advantageously by at least 10°, particularly advantageously by at least 15°, preferably by at least 20°, particularly preferably by at least 25°, from the first pitch angle. As a result, a geometry of connection points can be optimized in an application-specific manner.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the second pitch angle has a value between 25° and 65°, advantageously between 40° and 50°. In particular, the second pitch angle is at least 25°, advantageously at least 30°, particularly advantageously at least 35° and preferably at least 40° and/or at most 65°, advantageously at most 60°, particularly advantageously at most 55° and preferably at most 50°. In particular, the second pitch angle is at least essentially, in particular exactly 45°. The bending points of the helix of the braid particularly preferably have a second pitch angle of approximately 45°. In this way, a geometry of a bending point that can be subjected to loads and/or can advantageously be connected to another binding point can be achieved.

According to the invention, the bending point follows an at least approximately straight course, in particular a straight course, at least in sections when viewed transversely. In this context, “at least approximately straight” should be understood to mean straight, preferably linear, particularly within the scope of manufacturing tolerances. According to the invention, a section of the bending point follows the at least approximately straight or straight course in the transverse view, which section comprises at least 50%, advantageously at least 75% and particularly advantageously at least 85% of the bending point. The bending point in the section, in particular in a region of the bending point, is advantageously curved in a plane which is arranged parallel to the approximately straight course of the bending point. When viewed from the front, the approximately straight course preferably runs at least essentially parallel or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the coil. This allows a Bending point are provided with a high tensile strength and / or with a high flexural rigidity.

Furthermore, a geometry that is advantageous with regard to a linking of bending points of different coils can thereby be provided.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the helix follows a stepped, in particular obliquely stepped course, at least in sections, when viewed transversely. Preferably, the first limb, the bending point and the second limb form the stepped course when viewed transversely, with the bending point or at least its approximately straight course enclosing an angle with the first limb and/or with the second limb which corresponds to the second pitch angle.

A high degree of rigidity of a wire mesh transversely to its surface can be achieved if the first leg and/or the second leg follows a straight course, at least in sections, according to the invention. Advantageously, the first leg and the second leg form straight sides of the stitch. Particularly advantageously, the entire first leg and/or the entire second leg is straight. In particular, the first leg and/or the second leg has a length of at least 1 cm, advantageously at least 2 cm, particularly advantageously at least 3 cm, preferably at least 5 cm and particularly preferably at least 7 cm. However, the first leg and the second leg can have any other length, in particular considerably greater lengths. For example, the first leg and/or the second leg can have a length of at least 10 cm or at least 15 cm or at least 20 cm or at least 25 cm or an even longer length, particularly in the case that the helix consists of a wire strand , a wire rope, a wire bundle or the like is formed.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the first leg run at least in sections in a first plane and the second leg at least in sections in a second plane parallel to the first plane. In particular, at least two adjacent legs of the helix run in parallel planes. The first leg runs advantageously in the transverse view parallel to the second leg. The first leg and the further first leg preferably run in the first plane and/or the second leg and the further second leg in the second plane. Preferably, the first level defines a front side of the wire mesh and/or the second level defines a rear side of the wire mesh, or vice versa. As a result, a wire mesh with a double-faced and/or double-walled structure can be provided. This preferably allows forces acting transversely to the braid to be effectively absorbed with minimal deformation of the braid.

In particular, the additional helix comprises at least one additional bending point, in the area of which the helix and the additional helix intersect. The first bending point is preferably connected to the second bending point, in particular hooked. In particular, the further bending point connects the further first leg and the further second leg. The first leg preferably runs at least substantially parallel or parallel to the other first leg. The second leg particularly preferably runs at least essentially parallel or parallel to the other second leg.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the first helix and the second helix intersect perpendicularly in the area of the further bending point. In particular, the second pitch angle is 45° and an analogously defined further second pitch angle of the further bending point is also 45°. Bending points of the wire mesh that are hooked together preferably cross each other perpendicularly. As a result, a high tensile strength of a connection between bending points can be achieved, in particular due to a direct introduction of force and/or transmission of force at crossing points. Furthermore, a contact area between hooked bending points can be maximized in this way.

In addition, it is proposed that the second pitch angle is smaller than the first pitch angle, in particular in the case that the first pitch angle is greater than 45°. Alternatively, it is proposed that the second pitch angle is greater than the first pitch angle, in particular if the first pitch angle is less than 45°. The second pitch angle is preferably independent of the first pitch angle and, as mentioned, is particularly advantageously exactly 45°. In the event that differently designed bending points are hooked together, the second pitch angles of the corresponding bending points are advantageously selected in such a way that the bending points intersect perpendicularly. As a result, resilient connection points can be provided independently of a mesh geometry.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the first pitch angle is greater than 45°, advantageously greater than 50°, particularly advantageously greater than 55° and preferably greater than 60°, so that narrow meshes in particular are produced. In particular, the first interior angle of the mesh is in particular considerably larger than the second interior angle of the mesh. As a result, a high tensile strength of a braid, in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of braid helices, can be achieved.

However, it is also conceivable that the first pitch angle is less than 45°, advantageously less than 40°, particularly advantageously less than 35° and preferably less than 30°, so that particularly wide meshes are formed. In particular, the first interior angle of the mesh is in particular considerably smaller than the second interior angle of the mesh. As a result, a high tensile strength of a braid, in particular parallel to a longitudinal direction of braid helices, can be achieved. Furthermore, a wire mesh for a slope protection or the like can be provided in this way, which can be rolled out across a slope, which advantageously enables rapid installation for narrow areas to be secured.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that, viewed longitudinally, the bending point should have at least one second transition area connected to the second leg with a bending curvature includes different second transition curvature. Advantageously, the first transition area, the second transition area and the bending area together form the bending point. In particular, the bending point consists of the first transition area, the second transition area and the bending area. The second transition area is preferably connected in one piece to the bending point. The second leg is particularly preferably connected in one piece to the second transition region. The helix is preferably uncurved apart from nodes and bending points. As a result, a geometry of a helix can be provided that is variable and can be adapted to a requirement with regard to different parameters.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical. Advantageously, the first transition area and the second transition area include an identical portion of the bending point. As a result, a wire mesh can preferably be provided, the front and back of which can be used interchangeably.

It is also proposed that the first transition region and the second transition region are mirror-symmetrical when viewed longitudinally, advantageously with respect to a plane of symmetry in which the bisector of the second interior angle of the mesh runs and/or which is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the helix. Said plane of symmetry is preferably a main extension plane of the wire mesh and/or the helix. The bending point is preferably mirror-symmetrical when viewed longitudinally, in particular with respect to said plane of symmetry. In this way, advantageous mechanical properties of a bending point can be achieved.

In addition, it is proposed that the bending curvature is greater than the first transitional curvature and/or than the second transitional curvature. It is conceivable that the first transition curvature and / or the second

Transition curvature is at least substantially constant. The bending point preferably runs out in the first transition area and/or in the second transition area in the direction of the first leg and/or in the direction of the second leg. The first leg, the bending point and the second leg advantageously form a V-shaped section of the helix, with the bending point forming in particular a rounded tip of the section. As a result, stresses in the material due to abrupt changes in geometry can advantageously be largely avoided or at least reduced.

A high degree of hardness in the frontal direction and/or a high resilience of connection points of a mesh can be achieved if the bending area, in particular the entire bending area, follows a course in the shape of a circular arc, in particular when viewed lengthwise. A radius of curvature of the bending region advantageously corresponds at least essentially to a sum of a radius of the longitudinal element or of the wire and a radius of the bending mandrel.

In particular, for the back and forth bending test C, a factor of exactly 400 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 . It is also conceivable that a larger C is chosen, in particular in order to achieve a higher load capacity of a filament. For example, C can be a factor of at least 500 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 , or at least 750 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 , or at least 1000 N ^0.5 mm ^0.5 , or at least 1500 N ^0.5 mm ^{0 .5} or even greater. In particular, the factor can be selected as a function of the application, with a larger factor leading to a selection of a wire that breaks less easily when bent and correspondingly, in particular, to a wire mesh with greater deformability without damage.

Furthermore, a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, is described with a plurality of intertwined coils, with a to

Production of suitable wire, in particular from a high-strength steel, is identified at least by means of the method for identifying a suitable wire and at least one coil made of at least one individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element with the identified wire by means of bending is manufactured. In this way, advantageously time-consuming test runs can be largely avoided. Furthermore, a wire mesh with a high quality can be manufactured as a result.

According to the invention, the first partial characteristic curve extends over a compression section value range that corresponds to at least a quarter of the transverse extent of the helix. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first partial characteristic curve extends over a pressing section value range that corresponds to at least one third, particularly advantageously at least half, of the transverse extent of the helix. In particular, a transverse extent of the test piece of the coil corresponds to a transverse extent of the coil. As a result, a wire mesh can advantageously be provided which can absorb forces acting on an impact over a large area, partially resiliently and/or without damage.

In an advantageous refinement of the invention, it is proposed that the first partial characteristic curve be followed, in particular directly, by a second partial characteristic curve which runs approximately linearly and has a second gradient which is greater than the first gradient. In particular, the second slope is at least 1.2 times, advantageously at least 1.5 times, particularly advantageously at least twice and preferably at least three times as large as the first slope. In particular, the second slope is at most ten times, advantageously at most eight times, particularly advantageously at most six times and preferably at most five times as large as the first slope. As a result, force peaks occurring in a load case can advantageously be absorbed by a wire mesh.

Adaptive force absorption and/or energy absorption of a wire mesh can be achieved if the second pitch is at most four times greater than the first pitch. In particular, this can cause damage by abruptly decelerated impacted objects are avoided, since deceleration takes place in at least two stages.

In addition, it is proposed that the spring characteristic curve have a kink in a transition area between the first partial characteristic curve and the second partial characteristic curve, as a result of which a spontaneous response can be achieved in particular in the event of an impact. In this context, a “kink” is to be understood in particular as meaning a spontaneous, in particular abrupt or erratic, change in an incline. In particular, the transition area extends over a compression section value range that corresponds to at most 5%, advantageously at most 3%, particularly advantageously at most 2% and preferably at most 1% of the transverse extent of the helix.

In addition, it is proposed that the second partial characteristic curve extends over a pressing section value range that corresponds to at least one fifth, advantageously at least one quarter, particularly advantageously at least one third of the transverse extent of the helix. The second partial characteristic curve preferably extends over a compression section value range that is smaller than a corresponding compression section value range of the first partial characteristic curve. As a result, large forces can be absorbed in a controlled manner in a second force absorption area of a wire mesh with a comparatively smaller deformation than in a first force absorption area of the wire mesh.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that a convexly curved third partial characteristic follows the second partial characteristic. In particular, the third partial characteristic curve has a slope that increases steadily, in particular constantly, as the pressing distance increases. It is conceivable that the third partial characteristic follows a polynomial, in particular a parabolic, or also an exponential curve. In particular, the third partial characteristic extends over a pressing section value range of at least one tenth, advantageously at least one eighth, particularly advantageously at least one sixth and preferably at least one quarter corresponds to the transverse extent of the helix. The third partial characteristic curve preferably extends over a compression section value range that is smaller than a corresponding compression section value range of the second partial characteristic curve. As a result, extreme forces can be safely absorbed, in particular through controlled deformation of a wire mesh or its coils.

Furthermore, it is proposed that a transition between the second partial characteristic and the third partial characteristic is free of a kink. In particular, the slope of the second part of the characteristic continuously changes into the slope of the third part of the characteristic. Preferably, the spring characteristic is made up of the first partial characteristic, the second partial characteristic directly adjoining it, and the third partial characteristic immediately adjoining it. In this way, advantageously, damage to a wire mesh that occurs abruptly, for example in the event of an impact, can be avoided.

In principle, it is conceivable that the first partial characteristic curve is immediately followed by a partial characteristic curve which corresponds approximately or exactly to the third partial characteristic curve in terms of its course. In particular, it is conceivable that the spring characteristic is free of a second linear partial characteristic.

It is also proposed that the geometry setting unit has a transverse stroke unit, which is intended to periodically change a relative position of the bending table along a main extension direction in a transverse stroke direction of the bending mandrel relative to the feed axis and/or synchronized with a rotation of the bending table around the bending mandrel, in particular during manufacture of the coil. In particular, the transverse lifting unit has at least one feed element which feeds the coil blank to the bending table. In particular, the feed element is mounted so that it can be displaced relative to the bending table in the direction of the transverse stroke. Advantageously, the transverse lifting unit has at least one coupling element, which in particular mechanically couples a movement of the feed element to the revolving of the bending table around the bending mandrel. The bending table is preferably closed Beginning of bending and/or after advancing the coil blank in a starting position of the bending table. The feed element is particularly preferably located in a starting position of the feed element at the beginning of the bending and/or after the coil blank has been advanced. In particular, the bending table and the feed element are simultaneously in their respective starting position at least once during a revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel. Advantageously, during a revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel, the feed element is deflected away from the bending table from the starting position parallel to the transverse stroke direction. In a particularly advantageous manner, the feed element is subsequently moved back into its starting position during this rotation of the bending table. In particular, the transverse lifting unit is provided to provide a bending point that occurs during bending with the second pitch angle. In particular, the transverse lifting unit is intended to produce an adjustable transverse lifting. As a result, a geometry of a bending point can advantageously be set precisely by adjusting a transverse stroke.

It is proposed that the geometry setting unit has a stop unit with at least one stop element that defines a maximum feed position for the coil blank. In particular, the stop unit is provided to adjust the length of the first leg and/or the length of the second leg. Advantageously, the feed unit pushes the coil blank, in particular a last bent bending point, up to the stop element during the feed. In particular, in an advanced state, the filament blank, in particular the bending point bent last in each case, bears against the stop element. Preferably, the coil blank is advanced to the maximum advance position prior to bending. As a result, a coil geometry, in particular a leg length, can advantageously be adjusted precisely and/or simply and/or reliably.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the stop element be mounted all the way around the bending mandrel, in particular on a circular path. A movement of the bending table and a movement of the stop element around the bending mandrel are preferably synchronized, in particular during the production of the coil. As a result, a precise feed can be made possible at a high production rate. In addition, it is proposed that a position of the bending table relative to the stop element can be changed when the bending table rotates. Advantageously, the stop element precedes the bending table during advancement and/or before bending. In particular, during one revolution of the bending table around the bending mandrel, the coil blank is already in the maximum feed position before the bending table is in its starting position. The stop element is advantageously in contact with the bending table during bending. A position of the stop element relative to the bending table is particularly advantageously constant during bending. In this way, a sequence of movements can be achieved which enables high precision and/or a high speed of production.

Precise positioning of a blank before bending can be achieved if the stop element has a concave stop surface, in particular a stop surface curved in the shape of a circular arc. In particular, the abutment surface is curved concavely, in particular in the shape of a circular arc, in two directions that advantageously run perpendicular to one another. A distance between the stop surface and the bending mandrel is preferably constant when the stop element rotates around the bending mandrel. The stop surface is preferably designed as a surface of a groove. The groove is advantageously curved around the bending mandrel in the circumferential direction. The stop surface is particularly advantageously concavely curved in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the groove. In particular, a curvature of the stop surface corresponds approximately to a curvature of the bending point when viewed lengthwise. In particular, the groove is provided for the filament blank and/or the one bent last To center the bending point, especially towards the end of the feed and/or in the maximum feed position of the coil blank.

It is further proposed that in at least one feed operating state in which the coil blank is fed, a position of the stop element relative to the feed axis and in particular relative to the bending mandrel can be changed. In particular, the stop element runs around the bending mandrel in particular at a constant angular velocity in the feed operating state. As a result, a precise stop for a blank can be provided by means of a moving, in particular by means of a rotating, component.

In a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the bending table is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis, which rotates around the bending mandrel itself when the bending table rotates around the bending mandrel. The pivot axis is advantageously arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. In a particularly advantageous manner, the bending table is pivoted about the pivot axis after bending. In particular, when pivoting about the pivot axis, the bending table performs an evasive movement, as a result of which the bending table can be passed under the coil blank as it revolves around the bending mandrel. In particular, the bending table is in a pivoted position during part of its revolution around the bending mandrel. In this way, a continuously circulating bending table can advantageously be provided, which enables fast and precise production.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the bending unit be provided for bending a coil blank with at least one wire made of high-strength steel.

Spirals that are straight and/or not twisted can advantageously be manufactured if the bending unit is intended to bend the spiral blank by more than 180° during one rotation of the bending table. In particular, the bending unit is intended to close the coil blank during bending overbending and/or overpressing, which may be necessary in particular in the case of longitudinal elements with a high-tenacity wire, in particular due to a partially resilient behavior and/or springback of such longitudinal elements. The bending unit is advantageously provided to produce bending points that are bent through 180°. After bending, the bending table is advantageously pivoted by a corresponding angle that is greater than 180°. The bending unit is particularly advantageously provided for setting an overbending angle. In particular, the bending table presses against the coil blank during bending, advantageously while the bending table covers an angular range that is greater than 180° by an overbending angle as it revolves around the bending mandrel. In particular, an overbending angle can be up to 1° or up to 2° or up to 5° or up to 10° or up to 15° or up to 20° or up to 30° or even more, in particular depending on the spring properties of the filament blank. It is also conceivable that the overbending angle can be adjusted by adjusting the bending unit.

Unintentional subsequent bending can be avoided and/or a high level of precision in production can be achieved if the geometry adjustment unit has a holding unit with at least one holding element which, viewed from the bending mandrel, the coil at least partially behind the bending table during bending and in particular also during overbending fixed. In particular, the holding element restricts mobility and/or bendability of the helix in at least one direction, in particular in the direction of a half-space. Advantageously, the holding element holds the helix in a region of a leg that adjoins the bending point bent last. In particular, the holding element partially surrounds the helix, in particular in a direction toward a main extension plane of the guide table. The holding element is advantageously formed like a fork. In particular, the bending table already swivels the entire coil blank around the bending mandrel when the coil blank is being bent bent helix about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the helix, wherein the holding element advantageously stabilizes the helix during this pivoting.

Continuous support of a coil while it is being bent can be achieved if the holding element is mounted all the way around the bending mandrel. In particular, the holding element revolves around the bending mandrel in a manner synchronized with the revolving of the bending table, in particular during the manufacture of the coil.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the holding element be mounted pivotably about a pivot axis which, when the holding element revolves around the bending mandrel itself, runs around the bending mandrel. In particular, the holding element is in contact with the helix only during a part of a rotation of the holding element around the bending mandrel. During its rotation around the bending mandrel, the holding element advantageously pivots out about the pivot axis of the holding element and moves away from the coil in the process. The holding element is particularly advantageously arranged without contact with the coil and the coil blank during advancement. In particular, a high production speed can be achieved as a result. Furthermore, in this way, in a time-efficient and/or energy-efficient manner, moving components can largely be dispensed with during production.

In a preferred embodiment it is proposed that the holding element is mounted on the bending table. In particular, the pivot axis of the bending table and the pivot axis of the holding element run parallel and preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bending mandrel. In particular, the pivot axis of the holding element runs in the guide table and/or in its suspension. The geometry setting unit preferably has at least one guide link for the guide table. The geometry setting unit particularly preferably has at least one, in particular further, guide link for the holding element. Advantageously, the guide table and the holding element run during the manufacture of the coil synchronously around the bending mandrel and are pivoted at different times relative to the coil blank.

Furthermore, a method for producing a wire mesh, in particular a safety net, which has a plurality of coils woven into one another, of which at least one coil consists of at least one coil blank, namely an individual wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or another longitudinal element, with at least one wire is manufactured by means of at least one bending device. In this way, in particular, a high manufacturing speed and high manufacturing precision can be achieved.

A wire mesh according to the invention should not be limited to the applications and embodiments described above. In particular, a wire mesh according to the invention can have a number of individual elements and/or components and/or units and/or method steps that differs from a number specified here in order to fulfill a function described herein.

drawings

Further advantages result from the following description of the drawing. Different exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into further meaningful combinations.

Fig. 1

einen Teil eines Drahtgeflechts in einer schematischen Frontansicht,

Fig. 2

einen Teil einer Wendel des Drahtgeflechts in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 3

einen weiteren Teil des Drahtgeflechts in einer schematischen Frontansicht,

Fig. 4

zwei Schenkel sowie eine Biegestelle der Wendel in unterschiedlichen Ansichten,

Fig. 5

zwei miteinander verbundene Biegestellen zweier Wendel in unterschiedlichen Ansichten,

Fig. 6

die Wendel, betrachtet in einer Längsrichtung der Wendel, in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 7

eine Biegetestvorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Hin- und Herbiegeversuchs in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 8

eine Pressvorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Pressversuchs in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 9

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks der Wendel in einem schematischen Diagramm,

Fig. 10

eine Biegevorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Drahtgeflechts in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 11

einen Biegeraum der Biegevorrichtung in einem ersten Betriebszustand in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 12

den Biegeraum in einem zweiten Betriebszustand in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 13

Führungskulissen eines Biegetischs und eines Halteelements der Biegevorrichtung in einer schematischen Seitenansicht,

Fig. 14

ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Drahtgeflechts,

Fig. 15

ein zweites Drahtgeflecht in einer schematischen Frontansicht,

Fig. 16

eine Biegestelle einer Wendel des zweiten Drahtgeflechts in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 17

ein drittes Drahtgeflecht in einer schematischen Frontansicht,

Fig. 18

eine Biegestelle einer Wendel des dritten Drahtgeflecht in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 19

eine von der Erfindung abweichende Wendel eines vierten Drahtgeflechts, betrachtet in eine Längsrichtung der Wendel, in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 20

eine von der Erfindung abweichende Wendel eines fünften Drahtgeflechts, betrachtet in eine Längsrichtung der Wendel, in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 21

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks einer Wendel eines sechsten Drahtgeflechts in einem schematischen Diagramm,

Fig. 22

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks einer Wendel eines siebten Drahtgeflechts in einem schematischen Diagramm,

Fig. 23

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks einer Wendel eines achten Drahtgeflechts in einem schematischen Diagramm,

Fig. 24

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks einer Wendel eines neunten Drahtgeflechts in einem schematischen Diagramm und

Fig. 25

eine Federkennlinie eines Teststücks einer Wendel eines zehnten Drahtgeflechts in einem schematischen Diagramm.

Show it:

1

part of a wire mesh in a schematic front view,

2

part of a helix of the wire mesh in a perspective view,

3

another part of the wire mesh in a schematic front view,

4

two legs and a bending point of the helix in different views,

figure 5

two interconnected bending points of two coils in different views,

6

the coil, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the coil, in a schematic representation,

7

a bending test device for performing a back and forth bending test in a schematic representation,

8

a pressing device for carrying out a pressing test in a schematic representation,

9

a spring characteristic of a test piece of the coil in a schematic diagram,

10

a bending device for the production of a wire mesh in a perspective view,

11

a perspective view of a bending space of the bending device in a first operating state,

12

the bending space in a second operating state in a perspective view,

13

Guide links of a bending table and a holding element of the bending device in a schematic side view,

14

a schematic flowchart of a method for producing the wire mesh,

15

a second wire mesh in a schematic front view,

16

a bending point of a helix of the second wire mesh in a schematic representation,

17

a third wire mesh in a schematic front view,

18

a bending point of a helix of the third wire mesh in a schematic representation,

19

a helix of a fourth wire mesh deviating from the invention, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix, in a schematic representation,

20

a helix of a fifth wire mesh deviating from the invention, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix, in a schematic representation,

21

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of a sixth wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

22

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a helix of a seventh wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

23

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of an eighth wire mesh in a schematic diagram,

24

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of a ninth wire mesh in a schematic diagram and

25

a spring characteristic of a test piece of a coil of a tenth wire mesh in a schematic diagram.

Description of the exemplary embodiments

the figure 1 shows part of a wire mesh 10a in a schematic front view. The wire mesh 10a is designed as a safety net. The wire mesh 10a shown can be used, for example, as slope protection, avalanche protection net, safety fence or the like. The wire mesh 10a has a plurality of coils 12a, 14a braided into one another, in particular a coil 12a and a further coil 14a. In the present case, the wire mesh 10a has a multiplicity of identically designed helices 12a, 14a which are twisted into one another and form the wire mesh 10a.

the figure 2 shows a part of the helix 12a of the wire mesh 10a in a perspective view. the figure 3 shows another part of the wire mesh 10a in a schematic front view. The coil 12a is off a longitudinal element 16a made with at least one wire 18a. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16a is designed as a single wire. In the present case, the wire 18a forms the longitudinal element 16a. The longitudinal element 16a is bent into the helix 12a. The coil 12a is formed in one piece. The coil 12a is made from a single piece of wire. In the present case, the wire 18a has a diameter d of 3 mm. It is also conceivable that a longitudinal element is designed as a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire cable or the like. It is also conceivable that a wire has a different diameter, such as less than 1 mm or approximately 1 mm or approximately 2 mm or approximately 4 mm or approximately 5 mm or approximately 6 mm or an even larger diameter.

The helix 12a has a first leg 20a, a second leg 22a and a bending point 24a connecting the first leg 20a and the second leg 22a. In the present case, the helix 12a has a multiplicity of first legs 20a, a multiplicity of second legs 22a and a multiplicity of bending points 24a, not all of which are provided with reference symbols for reasons of clarity. Furthermore, in the present case, the first legs 20a are at least essentially identical to one another. In addition, in the present case, the second legs 22a are at least essentially identical to one another. In addition, in the present case, the bending points 24a are designed at least essentially identically to one another. The first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a are therefore described in more detail below by way of example. Of course, it is conceivable that a wire mesh has different first legs and/or different second legs and/or different bending points.

The coil 12a has a longitudinal direction 28a. The helix 12a has a longitudinal axis 109a, which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a. The longitudinal direction 28a corresponds to a main extension direction of the helix 12a. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main extension plane of the helix 12a, the first leg 20a runs at a first pitch angle 26a with respect to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. In particular, the front view is a view in the front direction 54a. The first leg 20a has a longitudinal axis 110a. The longitudinal axis 110a of the first leg 20a runs parallel to a main extension direction 112a of the first leg 20a. In the figure 3 the coil 12a is shown in the frontal view. The longitudinal axis 109a of the helix 12a and the longitudinal axis 110a of the first leg 20a enclose the first pitch angle 26a. In the present case, the first leg 20a has a length of approximately 65 mm. In the present case, the second leg 22a has a length of approximately 65 mm.

the figure 4 shows a part of the helix 12a, which includes the first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a, in different views. Figure 4a shows a view in the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. Figure 4b shows the first leg 20a, the second leg 22a and the bending point 24a in a transverse view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a and in the main plane of extension of the coil 12a. Figure 4c shows a view in the frontal direction 54a. Figure 4d shows a perspective view. In the transverse view, the bending point 24a runs, at least in sections, at a second pitch angle 30a that differs from the first pitch angle 26a with respect to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. In the transverse view, the bending point 24a has a longitudinal axis 114a. The longitudinal axis 114a of the bending point 24a and the longitudinal axis 109a of the helix 12a enclose the second pitch angle 30a.

The wire 18a is at least partially made of high-strength steel. The wire 18a is formed as a high-strength steel wire. The wire 18a has a tensile strength R of at least 800 N mm ^-2 . In the present case, the wire 18a has a tensile strength R of approximately 1770 N mm ^-2 . Of course, as mentioned above, other tensile strengths are also conceivable, in particular tensile strengths of more than 2200 N mm ^-2 . In particular, it is conceivable that a wire is made from high-strength steel.

The second pitch angle 30a deviates from the first pitch angle 26a by at least 5°. The second pitch angle 30a has a value between 25° and 65°. Furthermore, the first pitch angle 26a is greater than 45°. In the present case, the first pitch angle 26a is approximately 60°. Furthermore, in the present case, the second pitch angle 30a is approximately 45°. The second pitch angle 30a is smaller than the first pitch angle 26a.

The bending point 24a follows an at least approximately straight course in the transverse view, at least in sections. In the present case, a large part of the bending point 24a follows the straight course in the transverse view.

The helix 12a follows a stepped profile, at least in sections, when viewed transversely. The stepped course is obliquely stepped.

The first leg 20a follows a straight course, at least in sections. In the present case, the first leg 20a follows a straight course. The second leg 22a follows a straight course, at least in sections. In the present case, the second leg 22a follows a straight course. The first leg 20a and/or the second leg 22a are free of a curvature and/or a bend and/or a kink. The bending point 24a includes a course which describes a bend of 180° in a longitudinal view parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. In the Figure 4a the coil 12a is shown in the longitudinal view.

The first leg 20a runs at least in sections, in particular completely, in a first plane and the second leg 22a runs at least in sections, in particular completely, in a second plane parallel to the first plane. In the longitudinal view, the first leg 20a runs parallel to the second leg 22a.

The further helix 14a has a further bending point 32a. The bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a are connected. The bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a form a connection point of the first coil 12a and the further coil 14a.

the figure 5 shows a part of the wire mesh 10a, which includes the bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a, in different views. Figure 5a shows a view in the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a. Figure 5b shows the part of the wire mesh 10a in a transverse view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a in the main plane of extension of the helix 12a. Figure 5c shows a view in the frontal direction 54a. Figure 5d shows a perspective view.

The helix 12a and the further helix 14a intersect at least essentially perpendicularly in a region of the further bending point 32a. In the transverse view, the bending point 24a and the further bending point 32a enclose a crossing angle 118a. The crossing angle 118a depends on the second pitch angle 30a and a correspondingly defined further second pitch angle of the further helix 14a. In the present case, the crossing angle 118a is 90°.

A second pitch angle of 45° is also advantageously chosen for other first pitch angles, so that correspondingly designed coils intersect perpendicularly at connection points and these connection points advantageously have a high mechanical load capacity.

the figure 6 shows the coil 12a, viewed in the longitudinal direction 28a of the coil 12a, in a schematic representation. In the Figures 1 to 5 is the helix 12a and in particular the bending point 24a compared to the illustration in FIG figure 6 shown in simplified form. In the longitudinal view parallel to the longitudinal direction 28a of the helix 12a, the bending point 24a comprises a bending region 34a with a bending curvature and a first transition region 36a connected to the first leg 20a with a first transitional curvature different from the bending curvature. The bending area 34a is connected to the first transition area 36a. The bending area 34a and the first transition area 36a are arranged directly next to each other and in particular merge into one another. The bending area 34a and the first transition area 36a are connected to one another in one piece. The first transition region 36a merges into the first leg 20a. The first transition area 36a is connected in one piece to the first leg 20a.

In the longitudinal view, the bending point 24a comprises a second transition region 38a connected to the second leg 22a with a second transitional curvature that differs from the bending curvature. The second transition area 38a is connected in one piece to the bending area 34a. The second transition region 38a transitions into the second leg 22a. The second transition area 38a is connected in one piece to the second leg 22a. The bending area 34a, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a together form the bending point 24a.

The first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical. However, it is also conceivable for a first transitional curvature and a second transitional curvature to be different from one another, as a result of which, for example, a wire mesh can be produced with different front and rear sides, in particular with regard to their spring properties and/or their deformation properties.

In the longitudinal view, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are formed with mirror symmetry. The first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a main extension plane of the wire mesh 10a. The first transition region 36a and the second transition region 38a are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane which is arranged centrally between the plane in which the first leg 20a runs and the plane parallel thereto in which the second leg 22a runs and which is parallel to these planes .

The bend curvature is greater than the first transition curvature. The bend curvature is greater than the second transition curvature. The bending area 34a follows a circular path. The bending portion 34a is bent in a circular arc shape when viewed longitudinally. The bending portion 34a is bent less than 180° when viewed longitudinally. The bending area 34a, the first transition area 36a and the second transition area 38a are bent together by 180° in the longitudinal view. In the present case, the bending curvature, in particular the course of the bending region 34a, transitions continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the first transitional curvature, in particular into a course of the first transitional region 36a. Furthermore, in the present case, the bending curvature, in particular the course of the bending region 34a, transitions continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the second transitional curvature, in particular into a course of the second transitional region 38a. In addition, in the present case, the first transition curve, in particular the course of the first transition region 36a, transitions continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the straight course of the first leg 20a. In addition, in the present case, the second transitional curvature, in particular the course of the second transition region 38a, transitions continuously, in particular steadily, in particular free of a kink, into the straight course of the second leg 22a. It is also conceivable that corresponding transitions are provided with a kink. It is also conceivable that a first transitional curve and/or a second transitional curve disappears, in which case in particular a first transitional area and/or a second transitional area can have a straight course at least in sections or over their entire extent.

the figure 7 12 shows a bending test device 120a for carrying out a back and forth bending test in a schematic representation. The bending test device 120a has clamping jaws 122a, 124a for clamping a Test piece of a wire are provided. In the case shown, it is a test piece 42a of the wire 18a. The bending test device 120a has a bending lever 128a which is mounted such that it can pivot back and forth. The bending lever 128a has drivers 130a, 132a for the test piece 42a of the wire 18a. The bending test device 120a has a bending cylinder 40a around which the test piece 42a of the wire 18a is bent in the reciprocating bending test. The bending test device 120a has a further bending cylinder 126a which is of identical design to the bending cylinder 40a. The further bending cylinder 126a is arranged opposite the bending cylinder 40a. In the back and forth bending test, the bending lever 128a bends the test piece 42a of the wire 18a alternately by at least 90° around the bending cylinder 40a and the further bending cylinder 126a. The back and forth bending test is typically performed until test piece 42a of wire 18a breaks to test its strength and/or flexibility.

The bending cylinder 40a has a maximum diameter of 2d, ie at most twice the wire diameter d. In the present case, the bending cylinder 40a has a diameter of 5 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 3.75 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 5 mm is advantageously selected for a wire diameter of 3 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 7.5 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 4 mm. A bending cylinder diameter of 10 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 5 mm.

In the present case, the test piece 42a of the wire 18a has a length of approximately 85 mm. A test piece length of about 75 mm is advantageously selected for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A test piece length of about 85 mm is advantageously selected for a wire diameter of 3 mm. A test piece length of about 100 mm is advantageously selected for a wire diameter of 4 mm. A test piece length of about 115 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 5 mm. Preferably, the test piece 42a cut off from the wire 18a, in particular before the longitudinal element 16a and/or the wire mesh 10a is produced.

The wire 18a or the test piece 42a of the wire 18a can be bent back and forth at least M times without breaking around the bending cylinder 40a and in particular around the further bending cylinder 126a in the bending test around the bending cylinder 40a and in particular around the further bending cylinder 126a, where M, if necessary by means of Round off, as C R ^-0.5 d ^-0.5 can be determined and where d is the diameter of the wire 18a in mm, R is the tensile strength of the wire 18a in N mm ^-2 and C is a factor of at least 400 N ^{0, 5mm} is ^0.5 . In addition to its tensile strength, the wire 18a can also be tested with regard to its bending properties by means of the back and forth bending test, which are responsible both for the production of the wire mesh 10a and for a deformation behavior of the wire mesh 10a during installation and in particular in the event of an impact. If a higher value is chosen for C, more flexible wires can be chosen, for example for more demanding applications. For example, C may be a factor of 500N 0.5mm ^0.5 or 750N ^{0.5mm 0.5 or 1000N 0.5mm 0.5 or 2000N} 0.5mm ^0.5 or even greater. In the present case, this formula results in a value of $$\mathrm{M}\prime =400{\mathrm{N}}^{0.5}{\mathrm{mm}}^{0.5}\times {\left(1770\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{mm}}^2\right)}^{-0.5}\times {\left(3\mathrm{mm}\right)}^{-0.5}=5.4892.$$

In the present case, M, determined according to this formula, is 5 after rounding down M'.

The bend test fixture 120a defines a bend length 133a. The bending length 133a is a vertical distance between a highest point of the bending cylinder 40a and a lowest point of the drivers 130a, 132a. In the present case, the bending length 133a is about 35 mm. A bending length of about 25 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 2 mm. A bending length of about 35 mm is advantageously chosen for a wire diameter of 3 mm. For a wire diameter of 4 mm, one is advantageous Bending length of about 50 mm selected. A bending length of approximately 75 mm is advantageously selected for a wire diameter of 5 mm.

By means of the back and forth bending test, a suitable wire 18a can be identified before the wire mesh 10a is manufactured. The wire 18a is identified as suitable if the test piece 42a of the wire 18a is bent back and forth without breaking at least M times around the bending cylinder 40a and in particular around the further bending cylinder 126a by at least 90° in opposite directions in the bending test can.

the figure 8 shows a pressing device 134a for carrying out a pressing test in a schematic representation. The pressing device 134a has two opposite, parallel plates 48a, 50a, namely a first plate 48a and a second plate 50a. The plates 48a, 50a are movable towards one another for pressing along a pressing path 52a. In the present case, the first plate 48a can be moved towards the second plate 50a. Furthermore, in the present case, the plates 48a, 50a are moved toward one another at a speed of approximately 117 μm s ⁻ 1 during the pressing test. Advantageously, before the pressing test, the first plate 48a and/or the second plate 50a is first moved into contact with the test piece 42a of the wire 18a, in particular with a preliminary force of approximately 10 kN and/or at a speed of approximately 333 μm s ^-1 , other preliminary forces and/or speeds, for example deviating by a factor of 2, a factor of 5, a factor of 10, a factor of 20, a factor of 50, a factor of 100, are also conceivable.

The pressing test involves pressing a test piece 46a of the coil 12a. The test piece 46a of the coil 12a is removed from the coil 12a, in particular cut out of it. The test piece 46a of the coil 12a includes, specifically, five legs and four bends. The helix 12a has a transverse extent 44a (cf. also Figure 4a ). In the present case, the transverse extent 44a is approximately 12 mm. The transverse extension 44a depends on a geometry of the bending point 24a. The transverse extension 44a depends on the bending curvature, the first transition curvature, and the second transition curvature. Any other transverse extensions and their adaptation to an application are conceivable. For example, small transverse extensions can be used when a wire mesh with a small thickness is required, for example a transverse extension of at most 10 mm or at most 7 mm. Larger transverse extensions are also conceivable, for example a transverse extension of more than 15 mm or more than 25 mm or more than 40 mm or even more. In particular, it is conceivable to select correspondingly larger transverse extents in the case of larger diameters of longitudinal elements. However, tightly bent wire meshes are also conceivable, which have a small transverse extent with a large diameter of a corresponding longitudinal element. In order to realize small braid thicknesses in particular, it is conceivable that a first bending point and a second bending point intersect at a small angle, with a corresponding second pitch angle having a value of significantly less than 45°, for example 30° or 20° or even less . It is also conceivable that a first bending point and a second bending point intersect at a large angle, with a corresponding second pitch angle having a value of well over 45°, for example 60° or 70° or even more, whereby in particular a wire mesh with a large thickness and narrow connection points between coils can be realized.

the figure 9 shows a spring characteristic 56a of the test piece 46a of the helix 12a during the compression test in a schematic compression section-force diagram 58a. The pressing section-force diagram 58a includes a pressing section axis 136a, on which a position of the plates 48a, 50a, in particular the first plate 48a, along the pressing section 52a is plotted. The pressing section-force diagram 58a includes a force axis 138a, on which a pressing force occurring during the pressing test is plotted at a given point of the pressing section 52a. The pressing device 134a is intended to determine the spring characteristic 56a according to the pressing section-force diagram 58a. The test piece 46a of the coil 12a taken from the coil 12a shows the spring characteristic in the pressing test between the parallel plates 48a, 50a, the pressing test including pressing by moving the plates 48a, 50a along the pressing path 52a parallel to the frontal direction 54a of the coil 12a 56a, which has an at least approximately linear first partial characteristic curve 60a with a first slope in the pressing section-force diagram 58a, starting from a beginning of the pressing section 52a. In the present case, the first partial characteristic 60a is linear.

The pressing section 52a begins when the plates 48a, 50a are in contact with the test piece 46a of the coil 12a, at which point no pressing force is yet acting on the test piece 46a of the coil 12a. The swage 52a then extends to a point where the test piece 46a of the coil 12a is flattened. In particular, the pressing section 52a extends over a distance that corresponds approximately to a difference between the transverse extension 44a and the wire diameter d. In particular, the test piece 46a of the coil 12a is compressed at least essentially down to the wire diameter d during the compression test.

The first partial characteristic curve 60a extends over a pressing section value range 66a, which corresponds to at least a quarter of the transverse extent 44a of the helix 12a.

An approximately linear second partial characteristic 62a follows the first partial characteristic 60a. The second partial characteristic curve 62a has a second gradient that is greater than the first gradient. The second slope is at most four times as large as the first slope. In the present case, the second gradient is about twice as large as the first gradient. However, other factors between the first slope and the second slope are also conceivable, such as 1.1 or 1.5 or 2.5 or 3 or 3.5 or the like.

The spring characteristic 56a has a kink 70a in a transition region 68a between the first partial characteristic 60a and the second partial characteristic 62a. the kink 70a corresponds to an abrupt change in a gradient of the spring characteristic curve 56a from the first gradient to the second gradient.

The second partial characteristic curve 62a extends over a pressing section value range 72a, which corresponds to at least one fifth of the transverse extent 44a of the helix 12a.

A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64a follows the second partial characteristic 62 . The third partial characteristic curve 64a has a continuously increasing slope. A transition between the second partial characteristic curve 62a and the third partial characteristic curve 64a is free of a kink. The second slope changes continuously into the slope of the third partial characteristic curve 64a. The gradient of the third partial characteristic curve 64a corresponds to the second gradient at a transition point 116a between the second partial characteristic curve 62a and the third partial characteristic curve 64a.

the figure 10 shows a bending device 74a for producing the wire mesh 10a in a perspective view. the figure 11 shows a perspective view of a bending space 140a of the bending device 74a in a first operating state. the figure 12 shows the bending space 140a in a second operating state in a perspective view. The bending device 74a is intended to produce the wire mesh 10a. The bending device 74a is intended to produce the coil 12a. The bending device 74a is provided for bending the coil 12a according to the geometry of the coil 12a, in particular the legs 20a, 22a and the bending point 24a of the coil 12a. The bending device 74a is intended to produce the wire mesh 10a or the coil 12a from a coil blank 76a. The filament blank 76a is formed by the longitudinal element 16a in an unbent state. In the present case, the wire 18a forms the coil blank 76a. However, it is also conceivable that a coil blank is designed as a wire bundle and/or a wire strand and/or a wire cable and/or another longitudinal element. The bending device 74a is intended to produce the coil 12a by bending the coil blank 76a.

The bending device 74a has a bending unit 78a. The bending unit 78a includes a bending mandrel 80a and a bending table 82a. The bending table 82a is provided for bending the coil blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending table 82a is mounted completely around the bending mandrel 80a. During production, the bending table 82a runs continuously in a direction of rotation 142a around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending mandrel 80a has a longitudinal axis 144a. The longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a runs parallel to a main extension direction 94a of the bending mandrel 80a.

The bending device 74a has a feed unit 84a, which is provided for feeding the coil blank 76a along a feed axis 86a in a feed direction 88a. The feed axis 86a is arranged parallel to the feed direction 88a. The feed direction 88a runs parallel to a main extension direction of the coil blank 76a. The feed axis 86a encloses an angle with the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a which corresponds at least essentially and in particular exactly to the first pitch angle 26a. The first helix angle 26a can be set by adjusting the feed axis 86a relative to the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a.

The bending device 74a has a geometry setting unit 90a, which is provided for setting a geometry of the helix 12a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting a length of the first leg 20a and the second leg 22a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the transverse extent 44a of the helix 12a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the first pitch angle 26a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the second pitch angle 30a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the bending curvature. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the first transitional curvature. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the second transitional curvature. the Geometry setting unit 90a is provided for setting the geometry of the bending point 24a, in particular the bending area 34a, in particular the first transition area 36a and in particular the second transition area 38a. The geometry setting unit 90a includes an alignment element 146a for setting the angle between the feed axis 86a and the longitudinal axis 144a of the bending mandrel 80a. The alignment element 146a is designed as an elongated hole.

During manufacture, the filament blank 76a is repeatedly advanced. After the feed has taken place, the bending unit 78a, in particular the bending table 82a, bends the coil blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a in each case in order to produce a bending point in the finished coil 12a. A diameter of the bending mandrel 80a defines the bending curvature of the bending region 34a and at least partially the transverse extension 44a of the coil 12a. In particular, the diameter of the bending mandrel 80a defines an inner radius of the bending point 24a.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a transverse lifting unit 92a, which is provided to periodically change a position of the bending table 82a along the main extension direction 94a of the bending mandrel 80a relative to the feed axis 86a and to change the position of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a in a synchronized manner. In the present case, the transverse lifting unit 92a has a feed element 148a, which feeds the coil blank 76a to the bending table 82a. The feed element 148a is designed as a guide table 150a with guide rollers 152a, 154a. The feed element 148a is mounted displaceably in a transverse stroke direction 156a and counter to this relative to the bending table 82a. The transverse stroke direction 156a runs parallel to the main extension direction 94a of the bending mandrel 80a. The geometry setting unit 90a is provided to set a maximum transverse stroke 160a. The feed element 148a can be displaced parallel to the transverse stroke direction 156a by the maximum transverse stroke 160a.

The transverse lifting unit 92a has a coupling element 162a which mechanically couples a movement of the feed element 148a to the revolving of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a. In the present case, the coupling element 162a is a lever drive which mechanically couples the feed element 148a to a common drive (not shown) of the bending device 74a. During a revolution of the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a, the feed element 148a is deflected from a starting position parallel to the transverse stroke direction 156a away from the bending table 82a. In a particularly advantageous manner, the feed element 148a is subsequently moved back into its starting position during this rotation of the bending table 82a. In particular, the transverse lifting unit 92a is provided to provide a bending point that occurs during bending with the second pitch angle 30a. In particular, the transverse stroke unit 92a is provided to generate an adjustable maximum transverse stroke 160a. The second pitch angle 30a can be adjusted by means of the maximum transverse stroke 160a. A second pitch angle 30a, which differs from the first pitch angle 26a, can be produced by means of the transverse stroke 160a, in particular by the coil blank 76a being offset laterally when a bending point is bent around the bending mandrel 80a.

In the present case, the bending mandrel 80a is driven. The bending mandrel 80a is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis 144a. The bending mandrel 80a is coupled to the common drive of the bending device 74a via a belt 164a. The bending mandrel 80a is designed to be exchangeable. The bending unit 78a can be equipped with bending mandrels with different diameters.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a stop unit 96a with at least one stop element 98a, which defines a maximum feed position for the coil blank 76a. When it is advanced, the coil blank 76a can be advanced by the advance unit 84a at most up to the maximum advance position. Before being bent by the bending table 82a around the bending mandrel 80a, the coil blank 76a is in the maximum feed position. In the maximum feed position, the coil blank 76a butts with one last bent bending point 166a of the coil 12a on the stop element 98a. The Indian figure 11 The first operating state shown corresponds to a situation immediately before the coil blank 76a is bent about the bending mandrel 80a. In the first operating state, the coil blank 76a is in the maximum feed position. The Indian figure 12 The second operating state shown corresponds to a situation during the bending of the coil blank 76a around the bending mandrel 80a. In the second operating state, the bending table 82a is displaced along the direction of rotation 142a in relation to its position in the first operating state.

The stop element 98a is mounted completely around the bending mandrel 80a. During production, the stop element 98a runs continuously around the bending mandrel 80a in the circumferential direction 142a.

A position of the bending table 82a relative to the stop element 98a can be changed when the bending table 82a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a. The bending table 82a is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis 102a, which itself encircles the bending mandrel 80a when the bending table 82a rotates around the bending mandrel 80a, in particular in the direction of rotation 142a. During production, the pivot axis 102a moves on a circular path 168a (cf. 13 ). During manufacture, the pivot axis 102a moves at a constant angular velocity. During bending, the bending table 82a and the stop element 98a run around the bending mandrel 80a at the same speed. After bending, the bending table 82a pivots about the pivot axis 102a, as a result of which a maximum bending angle is defined. The bending table 82a then pivots back again about the pivot axis 102a, in particular while the coil blank 76a is being advanced. In the first operating state, the stop element 98a rests on the bending table 82a.

The stop element 98a has a concavely curved stop surface 100a. The stop surface 100a is correspondingly curved in the shape of a circular arc in the circumferential direction 142a. Furthermore, the stop surface 100a is perpendicular to the Curvature in the circumferential direction 142a curved in the shape of a circular arc. A radius of this curvature perpendicular to the circumferential direction 142a corresponds at least essentially to a curvature of the bending point 24a. In the maximum advance position, the bending point 166a bent last lies against the stop surface 100a, which curves in the shape of a circular arc around the bending point 166a bent last.

In a feed operating state, in which the coil blank 76a is fed, a position of the stop element 98a relative to the feed axis 86a can be changed. The stop element 98a moves in the feed operating state, in particular after the coil blank 76a bears against the stop element 98a and is therefore in particular in the maximum feed position, along the last bent bending point 166a in the circumferential direction 142a.

The bending unit 78a is provided for bending a coil blank with at least one wire made of high-strength steel. In the present case, the filament blank 76a can be bent by means of the bending unit 78a. The bending unit 78a is also provided for bending coil blanks from different longitudinal elements, for example wire strands, wire ropes, wire bundles or the like, as well as individual wires, each in particular with different diameters and/or tensile strengths, into coils. Furthermore, the bending device 74a is intended to produce a wire mesh from appropriately bent coils, in particular the wire mesh 10a.

The bending unit 78a is provided to bend the coil blank 76a by more than 180° around the bending mandrel 80a during a single revolution, in particular during each revolution, of the bending table 82a. A bending angle is defined by a point in time at which the bending table 82a pivots about the pivot axis 102a. The bending unit 78a is provided for overbending the coil blank 76a, in particular for springing back of the coil blank 76a to compensate for the bending due to its high hardness. The bending unit 78a is intended to provide the bending point 24a with an overall angle of exactly 180°, so that the helix 12a can be manufactured to run straight.

The geometry setting unit 90a has a holding unit 104a with a holding element 106a, which at least partially fixes the coil 12a behind the bending table 82a during bending around the bending mandrel 80a, viewed from the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a partially surrounds the helix 12a. The holding element 106a is formed like a fork. The holding element 106a supports the coil 12a when the coil blank 76a is bent around the bending mandrel 80a, during which the coil 12a is also rotated in the direction of rotation 142a.

The holding element 106a is mounted completely around the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a is pivotably mounted about a pivot axis 108a, which itself encircles the bending mandrel 80a when the holding element 106a rotates around the bending mandrel 80a. The holding element 106a is mounted on the bending table 82a. The pivot axis 108a of the holding element 106a is identical to the pivot axis 102a of the bending table 82a. The pivot axis 108a runs through a bearing bolt 170a, which supports the holding element 106a on the bending table 82a. When the holding element 106a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a, a position of the holding element 106a relative to the bending table 82a can be changed. After bending, the holding element 106a is pivoted away from the helix 12a and is moved back under it into a starting position. The holding element 106a then encloses the helix 12a in the region of a different leg than before.

the figure 13 shows guide links 172a, 174a of the bending table 82a and the holding element 106a in a schematic side view. A first guide link 172a brings about the pivoting of the bending table 82a about the pivot axis 102a when the bending table 82a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a. A second guide link 174a accomplishes this Pivoting of the holding element 106a about the pivot axis 108a of the holding element 106a as the holding element 106a revolves around the bending mandrel 80a.

the figure 14 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for producing the wire mesh 10a. In a first method step 176a, a test piece 42a of the wire 18a is removed from the longitudinal element 16a and the wire 18a is identified as suitable by carrying out the bending test described back and forth. An unsuitable wire would accordingly no longer be used. In a second method step 178a, the wire mesh 10a is manufactured from the longitudinal element 16a with the wire 18a identified as being suitable. The wire mesh 10a is manufactured by bending, with the helix 12a being produced. In the second method step 178a, the coil 12a is produced by means of the bending device 74a. In a third method step 180a, a test piece 46a of the coil 12a is removed from the coil 12a and tested by means of the compression test described. The third method step 180a can take place after a short test run of manufacturing a test piece of the wire mesh 10a and/or for quality control purposes.

The method steps 176a, 178a, 180a described can also be carried out independently of one another. For example, it is conceivable to process a wire identified as suitable by means of the back and forth bending test or a corresponding longitudinal element in a different way to form a wire mesh. It is also conceivable to use the bending device to produce a wire mesh that does not have a wire that exhibits the described behavior in the bending test and/or in the compression test. In addition, any production method for a wire mesh is conceivable, which in particular shows the behavior described in the compression test. In principle, it is conceivable to use a braiding knife and/or a back and forth wire mesh with one or more of the features described to manufacture here pivotable bending table or other suitable manufacturing device.

In the Figures 15 to 25 nine further exemplary embodiments are shown. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with regard to components having the same designation, in particular with regard to components having the same reference symbols, also to the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular the Figures 1 to 14 , can be referenced. To distinguish between the exemplary embodiments, the letter a is the reference number of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS Figures 1 to 14 adjusted. In the embodiments of Figures 15 to 25 the letter a is replaced by the letters b to j.

the figure 15 shows a second wire mesh 10b in a schematic front view. The second wire mesh 10b has a plurality of coils 12b braided into one another, of which at least one coil 12b is made from a longitudinal element 16b with a wire 18b. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16b is designed as a wire bundle with the wire 18b. The helix 12b has a first leg 20b, a second leg 22b and a bending point 24b connecting the first leg 20b and the second leg 22b. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main extension plane of the coil 12b, the first leg 20b runs at a first pitch angle 26b with respect to a longitudinal direction 28b of the coil 12b.

the figure 16 shows the bending point 24b of the coil 12b in a transverse view parallel to the main extension plane of the coil 12b and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28b of the coil 12b. In the transverse view, the bending point 24b runs, at least in sections, at a second pitch angle 30b, which differs from the first pitch angle 26b, with respect to the longitudinal direction 28b of the helix 12b.

In the present case, the first pitch angle 26b is less than 45°. The first pitch angle 26b is approximately 30°. The second wire mesh 10b has wide meshes due to the small first pitch angle 26b. The second wire netting 10b is intended to be unrolled across a slope, so that across the slope the second wire netting 10b can be uninterruptedly laid over a long distance. Parallel to the slope, a height of a corresponding installation therefore corresponds to a width of the second wire mesh 10b or a length of the helix 12b.

The second pitch angle 30b is greater than the first pitch angle 26b. In the present case, the second pitch angle 30b is approximately 45°.

the figure 17 shows a third wire mesh 10c in a schematic front view. The third wire mesh 10c has a plurality of coils 12c braided into one another, of which at least one coil 12c is made from a longitudinal element 16c with a wire 18c. In the present case, the longitudinal element 16c is designed as a wire strand with the wire 18c. The longitudinal element 16c has a plurality of identically configured wires 18c wound around one another. The coil 12c has a first leg 20c, a second leg 22c and a bending point 24c connecting the first leg 20c and the second leg 22c. In a frontal view perpendicular to a main extension plane of the coil 12c, the first leg 20c runs at a first pitch angle 26c with respect to a longitudinal direction 28c of the coil 12c.

the figure 18 shows the bending point 24c of the coil 12c in a transverse view parallel to the main extension plane of the coil 12c and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28c of the coil 12c. In the transverse view, the bending point 24c runs, at least in sections, at a second pitch angle 30c that is different from the first pitch angle 26c with respect to the longitudinal direction 28c of the helix 12c.

In the present case, the first pitch angle 26c is greater than 45°. The first pitch angle 26c is approximately 75°. The third wire mesh 10c has narrow meshes due to the large first pitch angle 26c. The wire mesh 10c is therefore very strong in a longitudinal direction of the mesh. Furthermore, the wire mesh 10c is more easily stretchable in a transverse direction of the meshes than in the longitudinal direction.

The second pitch angle 30c is smaller than the first pitch angle 26c. In the present case, the second pitch angle 30c is approximately 45°.

the figure 19 shows a helix 12d of a fourth wire mesh that deviates from the invention, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix 12d, in a schematic representation. The coil 12d is made from a longitudinal element 16d with at least one wire 18d. The coil 12d has a first leg 20d, a second leg 22d and a bending point 24d connecting the first leg 20d and the second leg 22d. In a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction 28d of the coil 12d, the bending point 24d includes a bending area 34d with a first bending curvature. Furthermore, the bending point 24d in the longitudinal view comprises a first transitional area 36a connected to the first leg 20d with a first transitional curvature that differs from the bending curvature. In addition, the bending point 24d, viewed longitudinally, includes a second transition region 38d connected to the second leg 22d and having a second transition curvature.

The first leg 20d of the coil 12d, which is not according to the invention, has a curved course. The first leg 20d is not straight. The bending area 34d is curved in the shape of a circular arc. The first transition curve and the second transition curve are identical.

the figure 20 shows a helix 12e, deviating from the invention, of a fifth wire mesh, viewed in a longitudinal direction of the helix 12e, in a schematic representation. The coil 12e is made from a longitudinal element 16e with at least one wire 18e. The coil 12e has a first leg 20e, a second leg 22e and a bending point 24e connecting the first leg 20e and the second leg 22e. In a longitudinal view parallel to a longitudinal direction 28e of the coil 12e, the bending point 24e includes a bending area 34e with a first bending curvature. Furthermore, the bending point 24e in the longitudinal view comprises a first transition area 36a connected to the first leg 20e with a first transitional curvature that is different from the bending curvature. In addition, the bending point 24e, viewed longitudinally, includes a second transition region 38e, which is connected to the second leg 22e, and has a second transition curvature.

The first transition region 36e follows a straight course in sections. The first transition region 36e forms part of the first leg 20e. In the present case, the first transition area 36e forms one half of the first leg 20e. The first transition area 36a merges continuously into the first leg 20e. In an analogous manner, the second transition area 38e forms one half of the second leg 22e.

the figure 21 shows a spring characteristic 56f of a test piece of a helix of a sixth wire mesh in a schematic press section-force diagram 58f. The spring characteristic 56f was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing path. The sixth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 2 mm. The sixth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

The spring characteristic curve 56f has a first partial characteristic curve 60f that runs approximately linearly and has a first slope, starting at the start of the compression section. The first partial characteristic curve 60f is followed by a second partial characteristic curve 62f which runs approximately linearly and has a second slope which is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68f between the first partial characteristic 60f and the second partial characteristic 62f, the spring characteristic 56f has a kink 70f. A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64f follows the second partial characteristic 62f. A transition between the second partial characteristic 62f and the third partial characteristic 64f is free of a kink.

the figure 22 shows a spring characteristic 56g of a test piece of a helix of a seventh wire mesh in a schematic compression section-force diagram 58g. The spring characteristic 56g was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing path. The seventh wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 2 mm. The seventh wire mesh has a leg length of about 45 mm.

The spring characteristic 56g has a first partial characteristic 60g that runs approximately linearly and has a first gradient, starting at the start of the compression section. The first partial characteristic curve 60g is followed by a second partial characteristic curve 62g which runs approximately linearly and has a second slope which is greater than the first slope. In a transition region 68g between the first partial characteristic curve 60g and the second partial characteristic curve 62g, the spring characteristic curve 56g has a kink 70g.

A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64g follows the second partial characteristic 62g. A transition between the second partial characteristic 62g and the third partial characteristic 64g is free of a kink.

the figure 23 shows a spring characteristic 56h of a test piece of a helix of an eighth wire mesh in a schematic compression section-force diagram 58h. The spring characteristic 56h was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing path. The eighth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 3 mm. The eighth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

The spring characteristic 56h has a first partial characteristic 60h that runs approximately linearly and has a first gradient, starting at the start of the compression section. The first partial characteristic curve 60h is followed by a second partial characteristic curve 62h which runs approximately linearly and has a second slope which is greater than the first slope. In a transition area 68h between the first partial characteristic curve 60h and the second partial characteristic curve 62h, the spring characteristic curve 56h has a kink 70h.

A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64h follows the second partial characteristic 62h. A transition between the second partial characteristic 62h and the third partial characteristic 64h is free of a kink.

the figure 24 shows a spring characteristic 56i of a test piece of a helix of a ninth wire mesh in a schematic compression section-force diagram 58i. The spring characteristic 56i was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing path. The ninth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 4 mm. The ninth wire mesh has a leg length of about 80 mm.

The spring characteristic curve 56i has an approximately linear first partial characteristic curve 60i with a first gradient, starting at the start of the compression section. The first partial characteristic curve 60i is followed by a second partial characteristic curve 62i which runs approximately linearly and has a second gradient which is greater than the first gradient. In a transition region 68i between the first partial characteristic curve 60i and the second partial characteristic curve 62i, the spring characteristic curve 56i has a kink 70i.

A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64i follows the second partial characteristic 62i. A transition between the second partial characteristic 62i and the third partial characteristic 64i is free of a kink.

the figure 25 shows a spring characteristic 56j of a test piece of a helix of a tenth wire mesh in a schematic press section-force diagram 58y. The spring characteristic 56j was analogous to the spring characteristic 56a in the embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 14 determined by pressing the test piece of the coil along a pressing path. The tenth wire mesh is made of high-strength steel wire with a wire diameter of 4 mm. The tenth wire mesh has a leg length of about 65 mm.

The spring characteristic 56j has an approximately linearly running first partial characteristic 60j with a first slope, starting from the start of the compression section. The first partial characteristic curve 60j is followed by a second partial characteristic curve 62j which runs approximately linearly and has a second gradient which is greater than the first gradient. In a transition region 68j between the first partial characteristic 60j and the second partial characteristic 62j, the spring characteristic 56j has a kink 70j.

A convexly curved third partial characteristic 64j follows the second partial characteristic 62j. A transition between the second partial characteristic 62j and the third partial characteristic 64j is free of a kink.

Reference sign

10

wire mesh

12

helix

14

helix

16

longitudinal element

18

wire

20

leg

22

leg

24

bending point

26

pitch angle

28

longitudinal direction

30

pitch angle

32

bending point

34

bending range

36

transition area

38

transition area

40

bending cylinder

42

test piece

44

transverse extent

46

test piece

48

plate

50

plate

52

press line

54

frontal direction

56

spring characteristic

58

Press distance-force diagram

60

partial characteristic

62

partial characteristic

64

partial characteristic

66

Press section value range

68

transition area

70

kink

72

Press section value range

74

bending device

76

filament blank

78

bending unit

80

bending mandrel

82

bending table

84

feed unit

86

feed axis

88

feed direction

90

geometry setting unit

92

cross lifting unit

94

main extension direction

96

stop unit

98

stop element

100

stop surface

102

pivot axis

104

holding unit

106

holding element

108

pivot axis

109

longitudinal axis

110

longitudinal axis

112

main extension direction

114

longitudinal axis

116

transition point

118

crossing angle

120

bend test fixture

122

clamping jaw

124

clamping jaw

126

bending cylinder

128

bending lever

130

driver

132

driver

133

bending length

134

pressing device

136

press section axis

138

power axis

140

bending space

142

direction of circulation

144

longitudinal axis

146

alignment element

148

feeding element

150

management table

152

leadership role

154

leadership role

156

cross stroke direction

158

coupling element

160

cross stroke

162

coupling element

164

belt

166

bending point

168

circular path

170

bearing pin

172

leadership backdrop

174

leadership backdrop

176

process step

178

process step

180

process step

Claims (10)

1. Wire netting (10a), in particular safety net, with a plurality of helices (12a, 14a) which are braided with one another and at least one of which is manufactured of at least one single wire, a wire bundle, a wire strand, a wire rope and/or any other longitudinal element (16a) with at least one wire (18a), made of a high-tensile steel, and comprises a plurality of legs (20a, 22a), a plurality of bending regions (24a) respectively connecting two legs (20a, 22a), and has a transverse extension (44a) along a frontal direction (54a), perpendicularly to a main extension plane of the helix (12a), wherein at least one leg (20a, 22a; 20b, 22b; 20c, 22c) of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c) follows a straight contour,
   characterised in that, in a transverse view parallel to a main extension plane of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c) and perpendicularly to a longitudinal direction (28a; 28b; 28c) of the helix (12a; 12b; 12c), in at least one section comprising at least 50 % of the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) the bending region (24a; 24b; 24c) follows an at least approximately straight contour, wherein in a press test between parallel plates (48a, 50a), comprising a pressing by moving the plates (48a, 50a) along a press path (52a) in parallel to the frontal direction (54a), a test piece (46a) of the helix (12a), taken from the helix (12a) and comprising at least five legs and at least four bending regions, shows a spring characteristic curve (56a; 56f; 56g; 56h; 56i; 56j) which has in a press path-force diagram (58a; 58f; 58g; 58h; 58i; 58j), starting from a start of the press path (52a), a first partial characteristic curve (60a; 60f; 60g; 60h; 60i; 60j) extending linearly and having an at least substantially constant first gradient, and wherein the first partial characteristic curve (60a) extends over a press path value range (66a) that is equivalent to at least a quarter of the transverse extension (44a) of the helix (12a).
2. Wire netting (10a) according to claim 1,
   characterised in that an approximately linearly-extending second partial characteristic curve (62a; 62f; 62g; 62h; 62i; 62j) with a second gradient that is greater than the first gradient directly follows the first partial characteristic curve (60a; 60f; 60g; 60h; 60i; 60j).
3. Wire netting (10a) according to claim 2,
   characterised in that the second gradient is no more than four times as great as the first gradient.
4. Wire netting (10a) according to claim 2 or 3,
   characterised in that the spring characteristic curve (56a; 56f; 56g; 56h; 56i; 56j) has a kink (70a; 70f; 70g; 70h; 70i; 70j) in a transition region (68a; 68f; 68g; 68h; 68i; 68j) between the first partial characteristic curve (60a; 60f; 60g; 60h; 60i; 60j) and the second partial characteristic curve (62a; 62f; 62g; 62h; 62i; 62j).
5. Wire netting (10a) according to one of claims 2 to 4,
   characterised in that the second partial characteristic curve (62a) extends over a press path value range (72a) that is equivalent to at least a fifth of the transverse extension (44a) of the helix (12a).
6. Wire netting (10a) according to one of claims 2 to 5,
   characterised in that the second partial characteristic curve (62a; 62f; 62g; 62h; 62i; 62j) is directly followed by a convexly-curved third partial characteristic curve (64a; 64f; 64g, 64h; 64i; 64j).
7. Wire netting (10a) according to claim 6,
   characterised in that a transition between the second partial characteristic curve (62a; 62f; 62g; 62h; 62i; 62j) and the third partial characteristic curve (64a; 64f; 64g, 64h; 64i; 64j) is kink-free.
8. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wire (18a; 18b; 18c) has a tensile strength of at least 800 N mm^-2.
9. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least two neighbouring legs (20a, 22a; 20b, 22b; 20c, 22c) extend in parallel planes.
10. Wire netting (10a; 10b; 10c) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the transverse view, the helix (12a; 12b; 12c) follows at least section-wise a stepped course.

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