EP3347505A1 - Procédé pour relier des pièces et pièces assemblées fabriquées par ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour relier des pièces et pièces assemblées fabriquées par ce procédé

Info

Publication number
EP3347505A1
EP3347505A1 EP16774858.1A EP16774858A EP3347505A1 EP 3347505 A1 EP3347505 A1 EP 3347505A1 EP 16774858 A EP16774858 A EP 16774858A EP 3347505 A1 EP3347505 A1 EP 3347505A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpieces
sprayed layer
layer
materials
spraying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16774858.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Krömmer
Martin Hock
Fatih Savgu
Florian Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP3347505A1 publication Critical patent/EP3347505A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/15—Magnesium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/22—Ferrous alloys and copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for joining artver Kunststoffener, not directly welded together materials in which by thermal spraying, in particular by cold spraying, a sprayed layer is produced, which covers at least partially the surface of a first workpiece of a first material, wherein the type of sprayed layer is chosen so that it enters into a cohesive connection with the first material on the physical forces and chemical processes when applying the spray coating.
  • thermal spraying in particular by cold spraying
  • a sprayed layer is produced, which covers at least partially the surface of a first workpiece of a first material, wherein the type of sprayed layer is chosen so that it enters into a cohesive connection with the first material on the physical forces and chemical processes when applying the spray coating.
  • the thermal spraying for coating knows as process variants the autogenous flame spraying or the high-speed flame spraying, the arc spraying, the plasma spraying, the detonation spraying and the
  • Thermal spraying Thermal spraying methods are used in general form, for example in
  • Thermal spraying processes are characterized essentially by the fact that they allow evenly applied coatings.
  • Spray applied coatings can be achieved by varying the
  • Spray materials are adapted to different requirements.
  • Spray materials can be processed in the form of wires, rods or as a powder.
  • a thermal aftertreatment may additionally be provided.
  • thermal spraying process which is also referred to as cold gas spraying. It is a kind
  • Spray method "cold” or a comparatively colder gas used.
  • the gas is heated as in the conventional processes, but only to temperatures below the melting point of the powder particles of the
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for joining workpieces, which simplifies the joining of workpieces, cheapened or even made possible.
  • a joining should differ greatly in terms of geometry and / or material (in terms of the
  • the stated object is achieved in that for joining the two workpieces of the second material is welded to the sprayed layer.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the filler material from which the sprayed layer is made, is in powder form.
  • the cold gas spraying is used as a thermal spraying method, wherein in contrast to conventional explosive plating any thin spray coatings can be applied, whereby material costs and resources can be saved.
  • the different materials can be:
  • Example 1 All black and white compounds not directly weldable materials
  • Example 2 Any type of aluminum-steel compounds, e.g. used in shipbuilding;
  • Example 3 A compound of aluminum and a CrNi material
  • Example 4 A compound of AIMg4.5 and steel
  • Example 5 A compound of AIMg4.5 and stainless steel
  • Example 6 A compound of AIMg4.5 and steel by means of a sprayed layer of nickel or a nickel alloy
  • Example 7 A compound of AIMg4.5 and stainless steel by means of a sprayed layer of nickel or a nickel alloy;
  • Example 8 A compound of AIMg4.5 and steel by means of a sandwich spray layer comprising a Ti / Cu layer and a Ni layer;
  • Example 9 A compound of AIMg4.5 and stainless steel by means of a sandwich sprayed layer comprising a Ti / Cu layer and a Ni layer. Depending on the nature of the first and second material is a suitable
  • Composition of the sprayed layer selected, for example from the group of nickel, titanium, tungsten or copper materials.
  • the workpieces to be joined can differ greatly in terms of their geometry.
  • the inventive method for example, for attaching webs or stiffeners in particular thin-walled
  • Constructions are used with advantage.
  • first sprayed-on layers which have a particularly high adhesive strength and / or a particularly good adhesion to both workpieces or in which the material has a thermal expansion coefficient which approximates the material of the workpiece.
  • first spray coatings are important, for example, if one of the workpieces to be joined consists of glass or ceramic and the connection is to be exposed to temperature changes.
  • Embodiments for producing a sprayed layer according to the invention also apply correspondingly to cases with multiple sprayed layers.
  • the statement that the powder particles of the filler material are not melted in the gas jet should also mean that the particles are not melted in the gas jet substantially. This can be ensured by the fact that the temperature of the gas jet is below the melting point of the powder particles of the filler material. But even at temperatures of the gas jet of 100 K up to 200 K above the melting point of the powder particles of the filler can be prevented due to the extremely short residence time of the particles in the gas jet in the range of milliseconds melting or a melting of the powder particles.
  • the importance of higher gas temperatures or the advantage of heating the gas is that in hotter gases, the speed of sound is higher and thus the
  • Particle velocity is comparatively larger.
  • the cold gas process has a number of advantages over conventional thermal spray processes.
  • the thermal effect and force on the surface of the substrate material is reduced, causing unwanted
  • the layers produced by the cold gas spraying process have no or at least no pronounced texture, i. There is no preference for the individual grains or crystals.
  • the substrate is further not heated by a flame or a plasma, so that no or only extremely small changes to the body and no distortion of workpieces by thermal stresses due to thermal spraying occur. It has been shown that the numerous procedural possibilities of thermal spraying can be used by the cold gas method for the joining of workpieces. The possibilities of using different powder materials and powder mixtures opens up a wide range for
  • cold gas spraying it is advantageously possible to produce sprayed coatings whose properties are very close to the material properties of comparable solid materials from which the sprayed powder used is produced. Therefore, cold gas spraying is also very well suited as a process for additive manufacturing.
  • the quality of joining in the area of the joining zone produced by cold gas spraying is comparable to the quality of a joint made by explosive plating.
  • the gas carrying the pulverulent filler material is also suitable for nitrogen, argon, neon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing gas, in particular carbon dioxide , Water vapor or mixtures of the aforementioned gases and mixtures of these gases with helium.
  • the proportion of helium in the total gas can be up to 90 vol .-%.
  • a helium content of 10 to 50 vol .-% is maintained in the gas mixture.
  • the layers thus produced adhere very well to a wide variety of substrate materials, such as metal, metal alloys, ceramics, glass, plastics and composite materials.
  • the coatings produced by the process according to the invention are of high quality, have an extremely low porosity and have extremely smooth spray surfaces, so that a reworking of the compound is usually unnecessary.
  • the gases used in the invention have a sufficient density and speed of sound to the required high speeds of
  • the gas can be inert and / or reactive Contain gases.
  • the gases mentioned the production of very dense and particularly uniform coatings is possible, which are also characterized by their hardness and strength.
  • the layers have extremely low oxide contents. They have no or at least no pronounced texture, ie there is no preference orientation of the individual grains or crystals.
  • the substrate is further not heated in the cold gas spraying by a flame or a plasma, so that no or only extremely small changes to the body and no distortion of workpieces by thermal stresses due to the thermal spraying occur.
  • the sprayed layer can be formed in multiple layers.
  • the spray coatings can be closed, linear or as a structure on the
  • the first and second workpieces may e.g. tubular, straight, curved or arched be executed.
  • Spray layer of a plurality, in particular of two, three or four, applied in layers and differing from each other in the composition of filler materials, a spray layer thus formed can also be referred to as a multi-layer system. It is thus possible to produce different filler material combinations in the respectively minimum required layer thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the sprayed layer can be up to several millimeters.
  • the one or more materials that make up the sprayed layer are referred to herein as filler metals, as opposed to the first and second
  • Materials from which the workpieces to be joined are made which may also be referred to as basic or solid materials.
  • the first material is selected from the group of aluminum, titanium, magnesium or copper materials.
  • the second material is selected from the group of steel or stainless steel materials.
  • the one or more filler materials from which the sprayed layer is formed is selected according to the requirements described in claim 1 for adhesion to the first material and Verschiana ßbarkeit with the second material.
  • the workpieces to be joined at the junction during application of the spray layer or the sprayed layers touch.
  • the connected workpieces are in direct contact below the sprayed layer or the sprayed layers.
  • the workpieces to be joined at the junction during application of the spray layer or the sprayed layers are arranged at a distance from one another and by the thermal spraying of the gap is filled at the junction. In the workpiece assembly is thus between the connected workpieces filled with the injected filler material or filler materials gap.
  • the gas jet can be heated to a temperature in the range between 30 and 800 ° C, wherein all known powdery spray materials can be used.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for wettable powders of metals, metal alloys, hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics.
  • the temperature of the gas jet in the range between 300 and 500 ° C is selected. These gas temperatures are particularly suitable for the use of reactive gases or reactive
  • Hydrogen mixtures carbon-containing gases or nitrogen-containing gases to mention.
  • a gas jet is used at a pressure of 21 to 50 bar. Above all, working with higher gas pressures brings additional benefits, since the
  • Energy transfer is increased in the form of kinetic energy. Excellent spattering results were achieved, for example, with gas pressures of about 35 bar.
  • the powder particles can be accelerated to a speed of 300 to 1600 m / s. Speeds of the powder particles between 1000 and 1600 m / s, more preferably between 1250 and 1600 m / s, are particularly suitable in the process according to the invention, since in this case the energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is particularly high.
  • the powders used in the process of the invention preferably have particle sizes of 1 to 100 ⁇ .
  • all suitable materials for carrying out the process according to the invention, all suitable
  • the invention offers a whole series of advantages, of which only a few are to be mentioned here again:
  • the invention makes it possible to produce welded joints in a simple and cost-effective manner, as well as a more compact design and reduction of waste which would result from conventional production of plate couplings ,
  • no unwanted heat input takes place in the first workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 shows a workpiece assembly of two tubes 1 and 2, for example of different materials.
  • the applied spray layer 3 covers in the connection region, the surface of the first tube 1 and the surface of the second tube 2.
  • the spray layer 3 and thus the pipe joint extends over the entire pipe circumference.
  • the spray layer 3 is applied to parts of the surface of the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2, wherein the spray layer 3 is connected to the two workpieces 1 and 2 in different ways:
  • the spray layer 3 connects to the first workpiece 1 cohesively by the cold gas spraying and is welded to the second workpiece 2.
  • the weld 4 is shown symbolically in FIG. 1 with a circle.
  • the reference symbol S denotes the weld joint according to the invention as a whole.
  • FIG. 2 shows another connection made according to the invention of two tubes 1 and 2 with different diameters.
  • the workpiece 2 overlaps the spray layer 3.
  • the type of connections is otherwise analogous to the
  • FIG. 3 shows another compound made in accordance with the invention
  • Workpieces 1 and 2 with a sprayed multi-layer system 3 are two layers.
  • the advantage is that the layer directly joined to the first conversion material 1 (e.g., a Ti / Cu layer) better bonds to the first material 1 (e.g.
  • the second layer e.g., a Ni layer bonds better to the second material 2 (e.g., steel).
  • Multilayer system 3 also adheres to the first layer via the adhesive mechanism produced by the cold gas spraying.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour relier des matériaux (1, 2) de types différents, ne pouvant pas être soudés directement l'un à l'autre, dans lequel une couche projetée (3) est réalisée par projection thermique, en particulier par projection à froid, qui recouvre au moins une partie de la surface d'une première pièce (1) en un premier matériau (1), la nature de la couche projetée (3) étant choisie de manière telle qu'elle participe à une liaison de matière avec le premier matériau (1) via des forces physiques et des processus chimiques lors de l'application de la couche projetée (3), caractérisé en ce que pour l'assemblage des deux pièces (1, 2), le deuxième matériau (2) est soudé à la couche projetée (3). La présente invention concerne en outre une pièce reliée par soudage, qui est fabriquée selon le procédé selon l'invention.
EP16774858.1A 2015-09-11 2016-09-07 Procédé pour relier des pièces et pièces assemblées fabriquées par ce procédé Withdrawn EP3347505A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015011657.6A DE102015011657A1 (de) 2015-09-11 2015-09-11 Verfahren zum Verbinden von Werkstücken und mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Verbindungsstücke
EP15003571.5A EP3141632A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2015-12-15 Procédé à joindre des pièces et pièces jointes fabriqueés par ce procédé
PCT/EP2016/025097 WO2017041900A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2016-09-07 Procédé pour relier des pièces et pièces assemblées fabriquées par ce procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3347505A1 true EP3347505A1 (fr) 2018-07-18

Family

ID=55182186

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15003571.5A Withdrawn EP3141632A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2015-12-15 Procédé à joindre des pièces et pièces jointes fabriqueés par ce procédé
EP16774858.1A Withdrawn EP3347505A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2016-09-07 Procédé pour relier des pièces et pièces assemblées fabriquées par ce procédé

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15003571.5A Withdrawn EP3141632A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2015-12-15 Procédé à joindre des pièces et pièces jointes fabriqueés par ce procédé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3141632A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108026647A (fr)
DE (1) DE102015011657A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017041900A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11269311B2 (en) * 2018-07-26 2022-03-08 Divergent Technologies, Inc. Spray forming structural joints
US20220316646A1 (en) * 2019-11-15 2022-10-06 Linde Gmbh Transition component having insulation

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1500733A1 (de) 1922-01-15 1969-07-10 Bayer Ag Verfahren zum unloeslichen Verbinden von Werkstoffteilen
EP0484533B1 (fr) 1990-05-19 1995-01-25 Anatoly Nikiforovich Papyrin Procede et dispositif de revetement
DE19747383A1 (de) 1997-10-27 1999-04-29 Linde Ag Verbinden von Werkstücken
DE10022595A1 (de) 2000-05-09 2001-11-15 Linde Ag Plattenwärmetauscher
DE202006009145U1 (de) * 2006-06-10 2006-08-10 WKW Erbslöh Automotive GmbH Verbindung von Bauteilen
JP4765103B2 (ja) * 2006-09-29 2011-09-07 日本ケミコン株式会社 コンデンサ
DE102006056489A1 (de) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahl-/Aluminium-Verbundbauteils
DE102011006447A1 (de) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mittels einer numerisch gesteuerten Werkstückbearbeitungsvorrichtung sowie Werkstückbearbeitungsvorrichtung
US20130220523A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 c/o Chevron Corporation Coating compositions, applications thereof, and methods of forming
DE102012208558A1 (de) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung
CN104084658B (zh) * 2014-07-01 2017-04-12 北京工业大学 一种镁合金与钢的接触反应扩散钎焊连接方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3141632A1 (fr) 2017-03-15
CN108026647A (zh) 2018-05-11
DE102015011657A1 (de) 2017-03-16
WO2017041900A1 (fr) 2017-03-16

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