Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
  • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
  • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
  • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
  • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
  • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/104—Alumina
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
  • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
  • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
  • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
  • B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
  • B01D2259/4009—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating using hot gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
  • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
  • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
  • F25J2205/10—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using combined expansion and separation, e.g. in a vortex tube, "Ranque tube" or a "cyclonic fluid separator", i.e. combination of an isentropic nozzle and a cyclonic separator; Centrifugal separation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
  • F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
  • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device and a method for purifying air by means of adsorbent wheels.
• Air is generally purified using an adsorption process, where 13X alumina and zeolite are used to capture water and CO 2, respectively.
• This process is discontinuous because the adsorbent must be regenerated periodically.
• the operating conditions of the process are as follows: air and CO 2 are adsorbed at a pressure of 5-6 bar and at a temperature of between 5 and 15 ° C. Then the adsorbent is regenerated by heating at 150 ° C and a decrease in pressure to atmospheric pressure. In the case where it is desired to purify the air at low pressure, that is to say at a pressure of between 1 and 2 bars, there is then a drastic increase in the adsorbent volumes and the regeneration flow rate.
• the adsorption processes are effective for purifying gases, but because of the discontinuous nature of the process, it is necessary to double equipment (bottle, adsorbent) and to have a complex inversion system.
• the invention proposes to simplify the process for purifying air by adsorption.
• a solution of the present invention is a device for purifying an air flow having a relative humidity greater than 50% comprising in the flow direction of the air flow: at least one rotary enthalpic wheel comprising a first adsorbent distributed in at least one first sector capable of receiving the airflow having a relative humidity greater than 50% and at least one second sector capable of receiving a regeneration gas,
• At least one rotary adsorption wheel comprising a second adsorbent distributed in an adsorption sector, a regeneration sector, and a purge sector, and
• the adsorption wheel rotatable so that the portion of the second adsorbent in the adsorption sector passes into the regeneration sector, the part of the second adsorbent in the regeneration sector passes into the regeneration sector the purge sector, and the part of the second adsorbent in the purge sector passes into the adsorption sector.
• first and the second adsorbent may be identical.
• the regeneration in the regeneration sector is generally carried out by heating.
• the enthalpy wheel is a wheel that allows the transfer of frigories from a dry regeneration gas to a wet process gas.
• the enthalpy wheel is cooled by the desorption of the adsorbed water using the regeneration gas which is dry and unheated.
• the regeneration gas heats up.
• the cooled wheel turns and cools the process air when it comes in contact with it.
• the moisture of the process gas is also partially adsorbed. This type of wheel thus makes it possible to cool and pre-dry the process air.
• the device according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• the purge sector of the adsorption wheel is adapted to receive the regeneration gas and the regeneration sector of the adsorption wheel is adapted to receive the regeneration gas leaving the purge sector after passing through a heater.
• said device comprises a duct between the distillation unit and the adsorption wheel so as to be able to use the residual gas of the distillation unit as a regeneration gas for the second adsorbent,
• said device comprises a compressor upstream of the enthalpy wheel or between the enthalpy wheel and the adsorption wheel or between the adsorption wheel and the air distillation unit.
• said device comprises a first fan for the circulation of the air flow and a second fan for the circulation of a regeneration flow.
• said device comprises a fan allowing both the circulation of the air flow and the circulation of a regeneration flow.
• the enthalpy wheel and the adsorption wheel are assembled in a single module.
• the subject of the present invention is also a process for purifying an air stream comprising, as impurities, water and CO 2, implementing a purification device as defined in the invention, comprising the following steps: :
• the method according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• said method comprises the passage of a first regeneration gas in the regeneration sector of the adsorption wheel and the passage of a second regeneration gas in the second sector of the enthalpy wheel.
• the first regeneration gas is chosen from the air resulting from stage b), the residual nitrogen recovered at the outlet of the air distillation unit, a mixture of air and residual nitrogen, or second regeneration gas leaving the second sector of the enthalpic wheel.
• the first regeneration gas is heated, before it passes through the regeneration sector of the adsorption wheel, at a temperature of between 100 and 250 ° C.
• the second regeneration gas is chosen from the residual nitrogen recovered at the outlet of the air distillation unit and the air resulting from stage b). .
• the second regeneration gas enters the second sector of the enthalpy wheel at a temperature below 30 ° C so as to cool the flow of air passing through the first sector of the enthalpy wheel by heat exchange.
• the adsorbent is discharged into water so that the desorption of the water cools the flow of air passing through the first sector of the enthalpy wheel; .
• said method uses a first and a second adsorption wheel placed in series on the circulation of the air flow and the first regeneration gas passes successively in the purge sectors of the first and second adsorption wheels; then successively in the regeneration sectors of the second and the first adsorption wheel ( Figure 8).
• the process according to the invention could implement first, second and third adsorption wheels placed in series and the first regeneration gas passes successively in the purge sectors of the first, second and second the third adsorption wheel and then successively in the regeneration sectors of the third, the second and the first adsorption wheel ( Figure 9).
• the regeneration gas can be cooled or heated before it enters the adsorption wheel.
• the flow of air is cooled before the actual adsorption stage in order to improve the performance of the adsorption stage.
• This makes it possible to increase the adsorption capacity of the wheel since the quantity of adsorbed gas is increased at low temperatures.
• the quantity of water to be adsorbed by the adsorption wheels is less important, which makes it possible to avoid excessive heating of the wheels and the process gas during the adsorption phase, which is detrimental to the performance of the adsorption wheels.
• adsorption The enthalpy wheel cools (and pre-dries) the air flow before purification.
• the adsorption wheel adsorbs only water: it also adsorbs CO 2 and secondary impurities from the process air. These impurities can be stopped completely or partially by the addition of several adsorption wheels placed in series.
• the particularity of the adsorption system used in the context of the invention lies in the shaping of the adsorbent wheel but also in its regeneration system: the wheel has a sector used for regeneration (R), the rest the being to treat air (A) ( Figure 1).
• the air stream to be purified and the first regeneration gas circulate in counter-current and the first hot regeneration gas, that is to say at a temperature between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, is used to regenerate the adsorbent of the wheel.
• the wheel turns on itself to move from one sector to another.
• this device makes it possible to continuously produce dried air.
• This system does not require doubling equipment such as conventional adsorption processes.
• the adsorption wheel is composed of a matrix of composite material or of cellulose or fiberglass or metal, for example aluminum or stainless steel on which the desiccant material is deposited, such as silica gel, alumina or zeolites such as 13X zeolite.
• the first regeneration gas leaving the adsorption wheel can be sent to the enthalpy wheel to desorb the water.
• the second regeneration gas leaving the enthalpy wheel can be used to regenerate the adsorbent of the adsorption wheel. This will be detailed later with the aid of FIGS. 9 and 10.
• the fans of the adsorption wheel and enthalpy systems can be pooled. Thus a single fan can be sufficient for each type of gas (supply air flow and regeneration gas) to circulate this gas through the adsorption and enthalpy wheels.
• the pressure of the process air is between 1 and 1.5 bar. Compression can take place before or after purging and drying. Note that when the air is compressed it is not mandatory to have fans to circulate the flow of supply air and gases of regeneration used for regeneration and purge through the adsorption and enthalpic wheels.
• the different enthalpic and adsorption wheels can be assembled in the same module.
• a refrigeration unit and / or an exchanger may be interposed between the (or) enthalpy wheel (s) and (or) adsorption wheel, to cool further before air. Similarly, one can have a purge between 2 wheels of the same function (enthalpic or adsorption).
• FIGS. 2 to 10 The different configurations of the device according to the invention will now be described in more detail using FIGS. 2 to 10.
• the enthalpy wheel is sometimes called “cooling system with wheel” or “cooling wheel” and the adsorption wheel is sometimes called “purification system with wheel” or “wheel purification”.
• Figure 2 describes a device according to the invention.
• the compression of the air takes place after purification.
• the regeneration gas is nitrogen.
• Regeneration gas circuits are in parallel.
• Figure 3 describes a device according to the invention.
• the compression of the air takes place before purification.
• the regeneration gas is waste nitrogen. Regeneration gas circuits are in parallel.
• Figure 4 describes a device according to the invention.
• the regeneration gas is residual nitrogen and passes in series in the adsorption wheel and then in the enthalpy wheel.
• Figure 5 describes a device according to the invention.
• the regeneration gas is residual nitrogen and passes in series in the enthalpy wheel and then in the adsorption wheel.
• FIG. 6 describes a variant of the invention in which it is possible to introduce regeneration gas between the wheel bleed system and the gas purification system.
• FIG. 7 describes a device according to the invention in which two gas passages of
• a first regeneration gas which is air that passes into the adsorption wheel and the second regeneration gas is residual nitrogen that passes into the enthalpy wheel.
• FIG. 8 describes a device according to the invention in which two gas passages of
• a first regeneration gas which is air that passes into the adsorption wheel and the second regeneration gas is residual nitrogen that passes into the enthalpy wheel.

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• 2015
  • 2015-09-10 FR FR1558394A patent/FR3040889B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2016
  • 2016-09-07 EP EP16775279.9A patent/EP3347117A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-09-07 CN CN201680051454.9A patent/CN108025247A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-09-07 WO PCT/FR2016/052233 patent/WO2017042490A1/fr active Application Filing

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