Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional [3D] extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
  • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
  • E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of the construction of foundations in the ground, such as for example piles, diaphragm walls, or any other type of foundation.
• the invention also relates to the technical field of foundation coppicing, including, but not limited to, piles.
• the realization of a foundation comprises a step of performing a drilling in the ground, a step during which is placed a reinforcement cage in the borehole, and a step of filling the borehole with a concrete.
• the borehole is filled with concrete on a height higher than the level of the definitive work, known as the "theoretical level of concrete strike”.
• the reinforcement cage has traditionally a frame with waiting bars that protrude above the level of arase.
• This elimination stage is called "coppicing”.
• After coppicing there is obtained a foundation provided with holding bars that protrude from the final level of structure, these holding bars being integral with the frame of the reinforcement cage.
• an upper element such as a pile head, is built above the foundation, around the holding bars.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a foundation in the soil remedying the aforementioned drawbacks.
• the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation in a floor, in which:
• a borehole is drilled in the soil, the borehole having a depth; a concreting step is carried out during which the concrete drilling is at least partially filled;
• an armature cage which comprises a frame having an upper portion that is provided with at least one coupling member having an upper end, said frame having an upper end, the upper end of the frame of the cage, and armature being substantially at the same level as the upper end of the coupling element, the reinforcement cage having a height less than the drilling depth;
• the reinforcement cage is introduced into the bore, before or after the concreting step, so that the upper end of the framework the reinforcement cage is under the concrete level; then
• the concrete is allowed to harden to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the frame; the concrete structure; then
• the bore may be partially filled, provided that the framework of the reinforcement cage is embedded in the concrete, that is to say that its upper end is below the concrete level.
• the copying step of removing the upper portion of the body is particularly simple and fast since, unlike previous methods, it does not require taking precautions to preserve the frames that s' extend inside the upper portion.
• the step of copying consists of removing a block which extends between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure, this block being a simple block of concrete, possibly provided with temporary positioning members.
• the reinforcement cage comprises one or more positioning members protruding above the framework, such as positioning loops, the latter are also eliminated with the concrete of the upper portion during the step of coppicing.
• the waiting bars initially integral with the reinforcement cage are replaced by reported connection reinforcements which are fixed to the coupling elements after hardening of the concrete and coppicing of the upper portion.
• connecting armatures are fixed to the coupling elements after the step of removing the upper portion, it is understood that the connecting armatures can be of any size and of any shape, for example cross bars or bars. in U, which allows to optimize the dimensioning and the reinforcement of the superior structure realized posteriorly above the foundation.
• connecting armature is an insert separate from the reinforcement cage of the foundation.
• connecting armature projects above the frame of the armature cage when said connecting armature is attached to the coupling element.
• the connecting armature is also a separate part of the upper structure which is subsequently made above the foundation.
• the connecting armature may also be an extension of the reinforcing cage of the upper element which is then built above the foundation.
• the upper part of the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
• the soil around the concrete structure is traced over the height of the upper portion so as to expose the upper portion, thereby facilitating the elimination of the upper portion.
• a weakening step is made of the concrete which is above the frame of the reinforcement cage.
• a drilling in the concrete is performed above the frame of the reinforcement cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion.
• This preferred step facilitates the evacuation of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
• the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken. This step can be easily performed with for example the bucket of a hydraulic excavator when the upper portion is unarmed.
• the coupling element forms a tube attached to the upper part of the frame of the reinforcing cage, the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the frame. drilling.
• binding armature is then intended to engage in the tube.
• the binding frame is then sealed to the tube.
• the coupling element forming a tube extends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing cage. This is particularly the case when the foundation is a stake.
• At least the upper end of the tube coupling element is initially closed, and said upper end of the tube coupling element is opened after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure. It is understood that the connecting armature is introduced into the open tube coupling member before being sealed to said tube coupling member.
• This closure prevents the concrete from flowing and hardening inside the coupling element, which facilitates the engagement of the connecting armature in the coupling element.
• a plug is used which will be removed after removal of the upper portion.
• the lower end of the tube-shaped coupling member is also closed.
• the foundation is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
• the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and the connecting reinforcement is in the form of a "U" provided with two legs which are fixed to the two elements coupling.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain easily and rapidly a connecting reinforcement which has a non-rectilinear shape.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, and in which a concrete element is built above the foundation so that the upper part of the connecting reinforcement extends inside the concrete element, the structure consisting of the solid foundation of the concrete element by means of the connecting reinforcement.
• binding frame ensures the rigid attachment between the foundation and the concrete element that is built above the foundation.
• the concrete structure is a pole while the foundation is a stake.
• the post extends in the longitudinal extension of the foundation.
• the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the concrete structure is a crown beam.
• the pile or the post comprises a head provided with reinforcing bars, the head having transverse dimensions which are greater than those of the pile or post.
• transverse dimensions means the dimensions seen in a substantially horizontal plane when the foundation is in its final state.
• the head can therefore be a pile head which is made at the same time as the pile, which has another advantage over the prior art where the pile head is made after construction of the pile.
• the upper part of the frame of the reinforcement cage has transverse dimensions greater than that of the lower part of the reinforcement cage.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. a steel projecting outside the precast concrete element and forming said bonding frame, and in which the prefabricated concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing the steel bar to the element of coupling.
• the invention furthermore relates to a reinforcement cage comprising a framework having an upper part comprising at least one coupling element for implementing the method for producing a foundation according to the invention.
• the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises an upper end
• the coupling element comprises an upper end which is substantially at the same level as the upper end of the reinforcement cage.
• the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
• the coupling element is a tube or a threaded sleeve.
• connection armature When the coupling element is a threaded sleeve, the connection armature has a thread in order to cooperate and to be made integral with the reinforcing cage.
• the coupling element is provided at its upper end with a removable shutter.
• FIG. 1 to 6 illustrate the steps of a first embodiment of the method of producing a foundation according to the invention
• FIG. 7 illustrates a first embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention
• FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a reinforcement cage according to the invention
• FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the foundation comprises a head;
• FIG. 10 illustrates a third embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the upper structure comprises a head;
• FIG. 11 illustrates an implementation variant of the method of FIG. 10, in which the reinforcement cage of the head of the upper structure comprises connecting steels engaging in the coupling elements of the cage of FIG. frame of the foundation;
• FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of implementation of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, wherein the foundation is a molded wall and the upper structure is a crown beam;
• FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, in which the reinforcement cage comprises positioning loops and where the drilling is partially filled with concrete.
• FIGS. 1 to 6 a first embodiment of the method for producing a foundation 10 in an S-soil will be described.
• a first step illustrated in FIG. drilling F in the soil S at a depth P using a drilling tool known elsewhere and not shown here.
• the foundation that one wishes to achieve is a pile, and the bore has a substantially cylindrical shape.
• a concreting step is then carried out in the course of which the drilling F is filled with concrete so that the height I of the concrete column substantially corresponds to the depth P of the bore F.
• a reinforcement cage 11 having a framework 12 whose height H is smaller than the depth of the drilling filled with concrete is introduced into the borehole so that the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete.
• the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 has in this example a generally tubular shape which comprises, considered in its longitudinal direction A, an upper portion 14, a lower portion 16, the upper portion 14 being intended to be found above the lower part 16 when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F.
• the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage consists of longitudinal steel bars 16 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the reinforcing cage 11, and of a succession of steel frames 18 in the form of loops attached along the longitudinal steel bars 16.
• the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 are arranged to form a tubular frame.
• the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage also has an upper end 12a which, in this example, substantially corresponds to the highest loop 18i, considered in the direction of the length of the frame 12 of the cage of frame 11.
• the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage is provided at its upper portion 14 with a plurality of coupling elements 20 whose upper ends 20a are arranged substantially at the same level as the upper end 12a of the framework of the reinforcement cage.
• the coupling elements 20 are arranged inside the volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel loops. More specifically, it is found that the coupling elements 20 extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement cage.
• the coupling elements are arranged in a barrel along the circumference of the loops of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage.
• the length of the frame of the reinforcement cage is of the order of 15 m while the coupling elements have a length of about 70 cm.
• each coupling element 20 form tubes which are fixed integrally to the upper part 14 of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11. More specifically, each coupling element 20 is welded to a bar of longitudinal steel 16.
• the tube coupling elements 20 are made of metal.
• each coupling element 20 forming a tube is initially closed by means of a removable plug 24.
• the lower ends 20b of the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes are closed.
• plugs 24 close off the coupling elements 20 at the moment when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F filled with concrete.
• plugs 24 prevent the concrete from entering the coupling elements.
• This concrete structure 30 comprises a body 32 and an upper portion 34 which extends between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the upper end 30a of the concrete structure 30.
• the height I of the concrete structure 30 is equal to the sum of the height H of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the height h of the upper portion 34.
• the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30 is made of unreinforced concrete, the framework 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 being located only in the body 32 of the concrete structure 30.
• the soil is cleared around the concrete structure 30 over the height h of the upper portion 34 so as to reveal said portion 34.
• the upper portion 34 of the body 32 of the concrete structure 30 is then removed so as to reveal the upper ends 20a of the coupling elements 20. This is the step of coppicing.
• drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the frame of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion, which facilitates the step of coppicing.
• the tube coupling elements 20 are then opened by removing the plugs 24 as shown in FIG.
• connecting armatures 40 are introduced into the coupling elements 20, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
• the connecting armature 40 has the shape of a U upside down, provided with two legs 42.
• the two tabs 42 of the connecting armature 40 are introduced into two of the coupling elements 20 and the lugs 42 are sealed in the tube coupling elements 20, for example by filling the coupling elements with a binder.
• a foundation 10 is then obtained in the ground S, in this case a pile, which comprises a connecting armature 40 projecting above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage.
• the connecting armature 40 is therefore integrally attached to the armature cage 11 by means of the coupling elements 20. It is also understood that the connecting armature 40 projects above the upper end 10a of the body of the concrete structure 10.
• a concrete element 50 is constructed above the foundation 10 so that the upper part 40a of the connecting armature 40 extended to the interior of the concrete element 50.
• a structure 60 is thus obtained which consists of the foundation 10 secured to the concrete element 50 by means of the connecting reinforcement 40.
• the concrete element 50 is a pole, while the foundation 10 is a pile.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention, which differs from the first mode of implementation essentially in that the foundation 10 forming a pile comprises a head 70 which is provided with reinforcing bars 72.
• This head 70 is made at the same time as the rest of the foundation 10 forming pile.
• the head has transverse dimensions that are greater than those of the foundation. In the example of FIG. 9, the diameter D of the head 70 is strictly greater than the diameter d of the lower part of the foundation 10.
• the reinforcing bars 72 are preferably part of the reinforcement cage 11 and the coupling elements 20 are fixed integrally to the reinforcement bars 72.
• the third mode of implementation of the method for producing a structure according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 10 differs from the second mode of implementation in that the head 80 does not belong to the foundation 10 but to the concrete member 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
• the head 80 is provided with reinforcing bars 82 which are part of the reinforcing cage of the concrete element 50, and the head has transverse dimensions D ' which are greater than the diameter e of the pole 50.
• the connecting armatures 40 consist of straight bars.
• binding armatures 40 having different shapes.
• the tube-shaped coupling elements may be replaced by threaded sleeves to which the connecting plates are screwed. The threaded sleeves are also closed by plugs which are removed after the coppicing step.
• FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the method of FIG. 10.
• the connecting armatures 41 in the sense of the invention, which engage in the coupling elements 20 in the form of of tubes, are constituted by extensions of the reinforcing cage 51 of the concrete element 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
• the concrete element 50 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete element which is provided with two steel bars which form the connecting armatures 41, the latter being engaged in the coupling elements 20 during the coupling of the element precast concrete 50 with foundation 10.
• FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the method for producing a structure 80 according to the invention, in which the foundation 10 is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crown beam 90 It is understood that the foundation 10 is illustrated here in cross section taken in the vertical plane P.
• FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment in particular in that the reinforcement cage 11 comprises in in addition to positioning loops 13 which protrude above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11.
• the positioning loops 13 are integral with the steel bars 16 and steel frames 18 of the framework of the reinforcement cage.
• the positioning loops are positioning members which are intended only to facilitate the establishment and positioning of the reinforcement cage 11 in the borehole. They do not therefore constitute structural elements of the reinforcement cage.
• positioning loops 13 protrude above the level of concrete, in particular so that they can be handled by the operators. We therefore understand that the positioning loops 13 through the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30. According to the invention, the positioning loops 13 are eliminated with the upper portion 34 during the step of removing the upper portion of the body.
• the second mode of implementation differs from the first mode of implementation also in that the borehole is partially filled with concrete. This is a low arase.
• guidewalls 17 are placed in the ground so that they are located on either side of the edges of the borehole.
• the level of concrete is then below the upper end of the guide walls and below the ground level, it being understood that the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 is below the concrete level.
• the guide rollers also serve to position and maintain the positioning loops 13 of the reinforcement cage 11, by means of a holding element 19 which cooperates with the positioning loops 13 and which is placed at the above the wall-guides.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=54015088

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2015
  • 2015-07-10 FR FR1556594A patent/FR3038627B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2016
  • 2016-07-06 EP EP16745792.8A patent/EP3320147B1/de active Active
  • 2016-07-06 WO PCT/FR2016/051713 patent/WO2017009541A1/fr not_active Ceased

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events