EP3315682A1 - Formwork element and method for manufacturing a ceiling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork element, which serves as a permanent formwork for the production of a building ceiling and in which a support assembly initiates the force of a not yet solidified Ortbetondecke in a ceiling tile. The invention further relates to an associated method for producing a building ceiling.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork element as a permanent formwork for a building ceiling and a method for producing a building ceiling.

Shuttering elements are a commonly used tool for the manufacture of building elements such as building ceilings, as they can provide suitable constraints or constraints for in-situ concrete. Typically, a formwork element is fixed at a certain point, so that In addition to or over this formwork element liquid in-situ concrete can be poured, which then solidifies.

A formwork element for a building ceiling, for example, from the document AT 205 720 known. Such a formwork element has two plates, which bend when filling with in-situ concrete, the upper plate is so far statically effective in that it receives the load of not yet solidified in-situ concrete. Such formwork elements have proven in practice to be less suitable, since they can lead to tension and permanent deformation.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a formwork element which is designed as an alternative to formwork elements known from the prior art. It is a further object of the invention to provide an associated method for producing a building ceiling.

This is achieved according to the invention by a formwork element and a method according to the respective main claims. Advantageous embodiments can be taken, for example, the respective subclaims. The content of the claims is made by express reference to the content of the description.

The invention relates to a formwork element as a lost formwork for a building ceiling. This may in particular mean that the formwork element remains in the building long term.

The formwork element comprises a ceiling plate, a top plate, a support assembly and a number of connectors. In a typical installation situation, the top plate is arranged at the top, with the support arrangement underneath and finally the ceiling plate below it again.

The support assembly is disposed between the ceiling panel and the top panel to keep the top panel at a distance from the ceiling panel and to induce forces to be applied over the top panel not yet solidified in-situ concrete layer from the top panel into the ceiling panel. It should be understood that the in-situ concrete layer is not part of the claimed subject matter. Rather, the in-situ concrete layer is a typical in-situ concrete layer for forming a building ceiling, which exerts a certain weight force downwards, which is to be absorbed by the formwork element. The design of the formwork element is defined by.

The ceiling plate is structurally effective in order to nondestructively absorb the forces introduced by the support arrangement when the ceiling panel is supported on a number of support elements. It should be understood that the support members are not part of the claimed subject matter. These are rather elements which are used in a typical situation of use of the formwork element together with the formwork element. Under a nondestructive recording is understood in particular that the outgoing of the Ortbetonschicht forces which are introduced via the support assembly in the ceiling plate, do not lead to destruction of the ceiling plate.

The connectors connect the ceiling panel to the top panel so that after removal of the support members, the ceiling panel presents a ceiling suspended from the top panel. As a result, a further ceiling plate will be present below the top plate remaining in the building, with which typical functionalities of a suspended ceiling can be realized. It is particularly noteworthy that for attaching such a ceiling no additional step is necessary, that is in particular, that no special fastening measures for suspending the ceiling are necessary. Experience has shown that such measures lead to a considerable impediment to the construction progress on typical construction sites of buildings.

Preferably, the ceiling plate opposite to the top plate on a bottom view. As a result, the ceiling panel can be used directly as a visual element, that is, in particular, that it is not necessary to apply to the ceiling panel other elements such as wallpaper or plasterboard to produce a handsome appearance of a ceiling.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the top plate is not or only slightly formed as the ceiling plate statically effective. As a result, the ceiling plate can be used as the sole or at least substantially predominantly static effective element with respect to the absorption of the weight of the not yet solidified in-situ concrete. The top plate can therefore be made lighter, which saves costs and weight. However, it should be understood that it can also be provided that the top plate takes over a part of the static effectiveness for carrying the not yet solidified in-situ concrete.

The top plate can also permanently assume a static function in the overall static concept of the final ceiling. This can be considered in particular with regard to the statically effective height and the structural steel used. The term permanent is to be understood here in particular that the top plate rises after curing of the in-situ concrete as part of the overall statics in the final ceiling construction.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the support arrangement only partially fills a space between the ceiling panel and the top panel. This can be achieved that room for more Tasks such as laying installation cables remain. In addition, weight can be saved. However, it should also be understood that the space between the top plate and ceiling plate may alternatively be completely filled by the support assembly. As a result, for example, a particularly advantageous heat insulation can be achieved.

The support arrangement may be designed in the shape of a knob in the manner of a knob or egg carton. This has proven to be advantageous. Here, for example, knobs protrude from top to bottom to the ceiling plate out, the ceiling plate rests on the knobs and thus is not along its entire surface with the support assembly in contact. The support assembly may, for example, be fully in contact with the top plate.

The support arrangement may be formed, for example, from polystyrene foam sheets, which may in particular be extruded or expanded, made of plastic materials, metal materials or wood-based materials. Such materials have proven to be advantageous for typical applications. However, other known materials can be used.

Advantageously, the connectors may be implemented wholly or partly as metal rods, pins, corrugated anchors and / or as concreted connectors. Thus, a permanent suspension of the ceiling plate from the top plate or from the solidified in-situ concrete can be achieved. It should be understood, however, that other materials such as plastic may be used for the connectors.

The ceiling plate is formed according to an advantageous embodiment in a plurality of parts, which are separately removably attached to the connectors. This allows the parts of the Ceiling plate be removed separately after completion of the building or the building ceiling, for example, to replace them in case of damage or to carry out installation work. This allows a particularly easy access to the space between ceiling plate and top plate.

The ceiling plate may in particular be designed so that it is not or only partially static effect without the support elements. This now relates in particular to a state after solidification of the in-situ concrete and after removal of the support elements, in which case the static is preferably achieved predominantly by means of the Ortbetondecke. It should be noted, however, that part of the statics can also be provided by the ceiling plate.

According to a preferred embodiment, a number of pipes and / or installation elements are installed in or on the ceiling plate. These may be, for example, pipes of a heating and / or cooling system or pipes of a sprinkler system. The laying of electrical lines is possible accordingly.

According to a preferred embodiment, a number of sound-absorbing elements are installed in the ceiling panel. These may be, for example, sound-breaking elements. In the sound absorbing elements, it has been found that in typical embodiments, for example, it is sufficient if approximately between 15% and 25%, preferably 20%, of the surface of the ceiling plate is formed by sound-absorbing elements. Thereby, a break of a sound can be achieved, so that the acoustics of a room is improved. This is in particular a space below the ceiling plate.

The top plate and the support assembly may be made integral with one another. They can also each be individual, discrete parts of the formwork element. By an integrated design, for example, a high prefabrication can be achieved. When using discrete parts an advantageous construction of the formwork element at the site of the construction site is possible, for example, ceiling plate, support assembly and top plate can be placed separately on support elements. This can facilitate the transport of the components of the formwork element.

Also, connector and support assembly may be executed integrated in one part or each individual, discrete parts of the formwork element. The above statements apply accordingly.

The support arrangement may preferably be thermally insulating, sound-absorbing, acoustically damping and / or heat-storing. As a result, the support arrangement can take on additional functionalities which further increase the overall functionality of the formwork element. This can be achieved for example by a selection of the material of the support assembly, but also by the nature of the construction. Thus, for example, in the task of a heat storage or heat insulation, a completely filled support arrangement can be selected. Accordingly, the material from which the support assembly is formed may be, for example, a PCM (phase change material) -containing material or, in the case of thermal insulation, for example, an EPS or XPS plastic foam.

The lost formwork described here can consequently also be a lost statics. The statics, which absorbs or maps the load capacity of the entire ceiling, is preferably located in in-situ concrete above the top plate. If the support assembly is also created with a static function, for example by means of lattice girders or by concreting elements, the statics of the ceiling plate could also be used "on top". This has static and structural advantages in extreme conditions such as fire or earthquake and represents an economic use of the structural steel used.

• Bereitstellen eines Schalungselements, wobei das Schalungselement eine Deckenplatte, eine Oberplatte, eine Stützanordnung und eine Anzahl von Verbindern aufweist,
• Aufbau einer Anzahl von Stützelementen,
• Auflegen der Deckenplatte auf die Stützelemente, so dass die Oberplatte von der Stützanordnung über der Deckenplatte auf Abstand gehalten wird,
• Aufbringen einer noch nicht erstarrten Ortbetonschicht über der Oberplatte, wobei eine Last der Ortbetonschicht über die Stützanordnung in die Deckenplatte eingeleitet wird, wobei die Deckenplatte statisch wirksam ausgebildet ist, um die von der Stützanordnung eingeleiteten Kräfte zerstörungsfrei aufzunehmen,
• Erstarren des Ortbetons, und
• Entfernen der Stützelemente, so dass die Deckenplatte als mittels der Verbinder von der Oberplatte abgehängte Decke verbleibt.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a building ceiling, the method comprising the following steps:

• Providing a formwork element, wherein the formwork element comprises a ceiling plate, a top plate, a support assembly and a number of connectors,
• Construction of a number of supporting elements,
• Placing the ceiling panel on the support members such that the top panel is spaced from the support assembly above the ceiling panel,
• Applying a not yet cast in situ concrete layer over the top plate, wherein a load of in-situ concrete layer is introduced via the support assembly in the ceiling plate, the ceiling plate is structurally effective to nondestructively absorb the forces introduced by the support assembly,
• Solidification of in-situ concrete, and
• Remove the support members so that the ceiling panel remains as a ceiling suspended from the top panel by means of the connectors.

This method advantageously allows the use of a formwork element for producing a building ceiling. In particular, the steps of manufacturing the ceiling and forming a suspended ceiling can be carried out simultaneously, so that corresponding steps for mounting a ceiling, which experience is very tedious on construction sites and accordingly lead to a significant delay in the construction can be avoided.

The formwork element may be formed in particular according to the formwork element described above. This can be used on all described versions and variants. It is also possible for individual features which have been described with reference to the formwork element to be implemented individually in the formwork element described in the context of the method according to the invention. This also applies to any combination of the disclosed features.

The formwork element can be provided prefabricated according to an embodiment, in particular by prefabrication in a factory with subsequent transport to a construction site. This allows a particularly high level of rationalization of operations on the site. Alternatively, however, it is also possible, for example, for the components, in particular the top plate, bottom plate and support arrangement and optionally also the connectors, to be delivered separately to the construction site and joined together there.

According to one embodiment, the connectors are partially embedded in the in-situ concrete. As a result, an advantageous attachment of the connector can be achieved in the in-situ concrete. For this purpose, the connectors can project, for example, over the top plate upwards.

In this context, it is pointed out in particular that all features and properties described in relation to the device as well as methods are mutatis mutandis applicable also with respect to the formulation of the method according to the invention and applicable in the context of the invention and as co-disclosed. The same applies in the opposite direction, that means only in Related to the method, structural so device-related features can also be considered and claimed within the scope of the device claims and also count to the disclosure.

Fig. 1:

ein Schalungselement in einem Einbauzustand, und

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Darstellung des Abhängens einer Decke.

Further features and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1:

a formwork element in an installed state, and

Fig. 2:

a schematic representation of the suspension of a ceiling.

In the figures, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals and therefore, if not appropriate, will not be described again. The disclosures contained in the entire description are mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or identical component names transferable. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent for themselves, inventive or inventive solutions.

Fig. 1 shows a formwork element 5 according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic view.

The formwork element 5 has a ceiling plate 10, which represents a lower boundary of the formwork element 5. On the underside of the ceiling plate 10, a bottom view 11 is formed, so that the ceiling plate 10 can be used as a visual element in a building.

Spatula grooves 12 are formed laterally on the ceiling plate 10, by means of which a connection to a building wall, not shown, can be formed. Above the ceiling plate 10 immediately thereafter a reinforcement 14 is formed, which may have additional supporting functions.

Within the ceiling plate 10, a piping system 16 is arranged, which conducts a heating or cooling liquid and thus allows the formation of the ceiling plate 10 as a heating or cooling ceiling.

Over the ceiling plate 10, a top plate 20 is arranged. Between upper plate 20 and ceiling plate 10 is a support assembly 30, which ensures a distance between the top plate 20 and top plate 10.

Between ceiling plate 10 and top plate 30 and a lattice girder 35 is arranged, which can perform pressure-discharging or pressure-absorbing functions.

Furthermore, the ceiling plate 10 and the top plate 20 are connected to each other via a number of connectors 40, 45. Schematically, two types of connectors are shown here. Firstly, there is a first connector 40 in the form of a vertically extending rod, which has, for example at the top, a cross-brace and at the bottom a rod lying transversely to the plane of the paper. Thereby, a connection between the top plate 20 and an overlying Ortbetonschicht 50, which will be discussed in more detail below, be made permanently.

As a further embodiment of a connector, a second connector 45 is shown, which in the present case as a funnel-shaped connection is performed between a space above the top plate 20 and the ceiling plate 10 so that above the top plate 20 filled in-situ concrete can reach the ceiling plate 10. This can allow an immediate connection by appropriate connection of the concrete.

In the ceiling plate 10 and in interruptions of the ceiling plate 10 mounting elements 60 are formed, which can for example serve to absorb sound.

Hereinafter, a typical process flow in the use of the described formwork element 5 and a consequent permanent state will be described.

First, support elements, not shown, are constructed, which have a height on the top side, which should have the ceiling plate 10 in the finished state. On these support elements, the ceiling plate 10 is placed so that the top plate 20 is on the top side of the shuttering element 5. The formwork element 5 is thus now total on the support elements.

Subsequently, in-situ concrete 50 is poured over the top plate 20, which is still liquid, that is not yet solidified. He can thus not yet form their own carrying capacity. Nevertheless, the in-situ concrete has a considerable weight. This weight is introduced in this state via the support assembly 30 in the ceiling plate 10, which is designed so that it can absorb the resulting force nondestructive. The force is thereby dissipated to the support elements, so that ultimately on the construction shown, the still liquid layer of in-situ concrete is supported by the support elements and the intermediate formwork element.

If the in-situ concrete layer 50 is solidified in a conventional manner, this can form its own carrying capacity. It is therefore no longer necessary to leave the support elements under the shuttering element. Rather, they can be removed.

In the then formed state, the ceiling plate 10 forms a suspended ceiling. The connection to the in-situ concrete layer 50 is thereby perceived by the described connectors 40, 45. So now the flow of forces is exactly the other way around, i. no more force is derived from top to bottom, but the weight of the ceiling plate 10 is introduced via the connectors 40, 45 in the in-situ concrete layer 50 and supported by this.

Fig. 2 shows, by way of example only, a ceiling construction in which a higher climatically effective ceiling is combined with a lower climatically effective ceiling. Here, in a first area 1, the climatically effective ceiling is located higher, whereas in a second area 2, the climatically effective ceiling is suspended.

Regarding the other components, please refer to the description of Fig. 1 directed. In particular, reference is made to the piping system 16, which provides for the transport of a cooling or warming liquid and is laterally accessible from the second region 2, that is, for example, can be maintained.

The description of the priority application is reproduced in a slightly adapted form below. It should be understood that this forms part of the disclosure of the present application. The mentioned features can be arbitrarily combined with each other and combined with the preceding part of the application.

Thermally activated concrete ceilings have been known for many decades. Following the fact that energy was cheap, but the system technology was expensive, systems were developed which relieve the plant engineering in the first place. Accordingly, an attempt was made to activate the largest possible concrete mass. As a result, the pipes were placed in the middle of the concrete core.

In later years, the situation had reversed, trying to increase the performance of the systems. Also at the expense of the plant technology whose production costs had meanwhile dropped significantly. Consequently, from about the 1995s, the pipes were successively relocated from the concrete core to the surface of the ceiling.

Thus, the performance and reaction time in the cooling / heating case could be significantly increased. However, to continue to burden the indoor environment. The previously known ceiling systems were all sluggish in decay and switching behavior.

By the beginning of the 2000s at the latest, another trend is starting. The labor force situation and constraints of the efficiency increase owed the satisfaction of the users became more and more important. Consequently, fast-reacting suspended heating / cooling ceiling systems continued to gain in importance. Also in the knowledge that the situation of the plant engineering, strengthened by the now missing direct exchange of heat radiation between the building mass and the space, further intensifies. In addition, massive Klimadeckensysteme have been developed which are also able to limit the reaction time and to avoid the disadvantage of reduced exchange of heat radiation.

From at least the 2010er years were the acoustic requirements, not least pushed by suspended Dry construction systems, more and more important. A change in the usage situation and the increasing need for flexibility also ensured that suspended drywall systems, primarily manufactured as plasterboard ceilings, began to crowd out the massive ceiling systems. Developments which make it possible to provide responsive, acoustically effective solid ceilings to the market remained limited in spite of good storage performance and low investment costs, due to high complexity in prefabrication and lack of revisability.

The ever-increasing demands on flexibility and revisionability mean that metal coffered ceilings are increasingly replacing the plasterboard systems in office construction, despite the high costs and high investment costs, so that today this market in D / A / CH is divided up as follows: system reaction time flexibility plant expenditure 50% metal ceilings nimbly high very high 25% GK blankets nimbly medium very high 25% BTA (surface) medium to lazy low low (Core) very low low

All suspended systems currently available on the market are to be regarded as solutions that are produced by the customer on site. The quality is dependent on locally available and increasingly scarce professionals. Especially in the expansion of the landscape is characterized by subcontractors and semi-skilled employees.

To date, the market is not offered a finished part, which is produced over a large area and in the factory, consistently high precision, while the advantages of suspended ceilings and a rational, low-cost construction site operation agreed.

Task:

The development shown here can, at least in certain embodiments, for example, combine today's requirements for prefabrication, rational production, precision planning and production with optimum flexibility.

At the same time, today's requirements for room comfort (tempering / acoustics, sound insulation) should preferably be met and the current and future requirements, which are placed on an energetically optimized system in terms of equipment costs. At the same time, the system should be made available to the market in a production-friendly manner and therefore in sufficient quantity.

For this purpose, the system is to be created, for example, on the basis of the concrete ceiling known as "filigree corner", as a "filigree suspended concrete ceiling". In contrast to the already known and available in good quantity Filigrandecken systems, the newly found system according to at least one embodiment, however, not statically effective in the sense of a flat sub-reinforcement of the known "Filigree corners".

In this case, the component or the formwork element described herein preferably further assumes the function of a "lost formwork" for the concrete floor to be created above.

The newly found component or formwork element can, in a preferred embodiment, spaced by cavity and / or insulation (currently for cost, production, and capacity reasons, preferably in concrete) but factory-made, be attached as a large filigree ceiling, suspended. This is the first time that a "lost" concrete formwork has been added to the market as a prefabricated suspended ceiling present. The overlying concrete pavement is formed essentially and preferably as a classic, steel-saving "Ortbetondecke".

• Filigranes Betonelement welches gleichermaßen als verlorene Schalung und als Unterdecke dient.
• Einbau diverser, z.B. gebäudetechnischer Installationen, z.B. Heiz-/Kühlleitungen, ohne Beeinträchtigung der Deckenstatik IN den Spiegel der Unterdecke bzw. in eine Deckenplatte.
• Kostenreduktion und (thermische/akustische) Leistungssteigerung in dem von der Statik befreiten Unterdeckenspiegel bzw. der Deckenplatte welcher zudem eine freie Planung und Konstruktion von Rohrmäander und auch akustisch wirksamer Einbauteile ermöglicht.
• Durch das Entfallen statischer Aufgaben der Unterdecke kann diese insbesondere bei Verwendung entsprechender Bewehrungssysteme "schlanker" gebaut werden.
• Dadurch niedrigere Betriebskosten im Heiz-/Kühlbetrieb durch kürzere Reaktionszeiten, höhere Leistung und günstigere dynamische Werte.
• Schaffung einer Ebene welche, von der Decke bzw. Ortbetonschicht aus gesehen, nach unten einen Hohlraum begrenzt der als Installationsebene, und/oder Lüftungsebene usw. dienen kann.
• Durch den Einbau etwaiger Rohrsysteme IM Spiegel der Unterdecke bzw. in der Deckenplatte, anstatt wie den bekannten abgehängten Trockenbausystemen, AUF dem Spiegel der Unterdecke werden die eingebauten Elemente (Rohre usw.) im Brandfall, geschützt durch den Beton des Spiegels der Unterdecke, keiner direkten Beflammung ausgesetzt. Somit ist der Spiegel der Unterdecke zugleich Schutz vor direkter Beflammung. Eine zusätzliche Dämmauflage für die Funktion "Brandschutz im Hohlraum" ist typischerweise nicht weiter erforderlich, kann jedoch trotzdem verwendet werden.
• Der Einbau von Schallabsorptionskörpern führt zu keiner Beeinträchtigung des Brandschutzes.
• Die Ausbildung von Speichermasse und flinker thermischer Ebene kann weiter optimiert und/oder ohne Dämmstoffe ausgeführt werden.
• Verbesserter Brand- und Schallschutz bei raumübergreifenden Decken-Hohlräumen einer Etage.
• Verringerter Aufwand für bauseitige Spachtelung.
• Verkürzung des gesamten Baustellenbetriebes durch präzise, werkseitige Vorfertigung.
• Qualitativ hochwertige Bauweise, unabhängig von Baustelleneinflüssen hinsichtlich Fachkräftemangel und Wettereinflüssen.
• Entlastung der Baustellenlogistik.

The separation of statically effective ceiling level and lower ceiling, here preferably made of concrete, offers the following advantages:

• Filigree concrete element which serves equally as a lost formwork and as a false ceiling.
• Installation of various, eg building technical installations, eg heating / cooling lines, without affecting the ceiling statics IN the mirror of the false ceiling or in a ceiling tile.
• Cost reduction and (thermal / acoustic) performance increase in the statics liberated subdeck mirrors and the ceiling slab which also allows a free planning and design of Rohrmäander and acoustically effective components.
• Due to the elimination of static tasks of the lower ceiling this can be built "slimmer" in particular when using appropriate reinforcement systems.
• This results in lower operating costs in heating / cooling operation due to shorter reaction times, higher performance and more favorable dynamic values.
• Creation of a level which, as seen from the ceiling or in-situ concrete layer, downwardly defines a cavity which can serve as installation level, and / or ventilation level, etc.
• By the installation of any pipe systems IM mirror the false ceiling or in the ceiling slab, rather than the known suspended drywall systems, ON the mirror ceiling, the built-in elements (pipes, etc.) in case of fire, protected by the concrete of the mirror ceiling, no direct Exposed to flames. Thus, the mirror of the false ceiling is at the same time protection against direct flame. An additional insulation layer for the "fire protection in the cavity" function is typically no longer required, but can nevertheless be used.
• The installation of sound absorption bodies leads to no impairment of the fire protection.
• The formation of storage mass and nimble thermal level can be further optimized and / or performed without insulation materials.
• Improved fire and sound insulation for ceiling-shaped cavities of one floor.
• Reduced effort for on-site filling.
• Shortening of the entire construction site operation by precise, prefabrication at the factory.
• High-quality construction, regardless of site influences in terms of skills shortage and weather conditions.
• Relief of construction site logistics.

Construction:

Construction and use of suspended ceilings, in particular gypsum-containing panels are not new in principle. Also, suspended ceilings made of other materials such as cement boards, metal, wood or wood materials, etc. are known. All, however, have in common that they are installed in the course of the expansion of the building. For this purpose, time windows have to be planned for the assembly, which requires more on-site coordination and ultimately extends the construction time.

Also known are filigree suspended ceilings which serve statically effective as a lost formwork. Today, these filigree suspended ceilings, in addition to their original function, combined with other techniques. In the meantime, pipe systems for various installations are being inserted as well as elements for sound absorption. In addition, attempts are made to achieve a certain reversibility by means of grooves and more conduits. The success of these measures is, compared to the installation freedom of suspended ceilings and their reversibility at most modest.

Preferably, the production of a filigree concrete slab is proposed which has in a first embodiment of an insulation pad of any thickness. To connect the filigree ceiling or ceiling slab with the concrete layer concreted on the insulating material layer, for example, individual, preferably made of steel connector, so-called "pins" or "Wellanker" are proposed. The Ortbetondecke concreted on the insulating material layer is carried out, for example, in the form that the weight of the lower ceiling located underneath is introduced via the connections provided for this purpose (eg pins) in the Ortbetondecke. The introduction of the forces can be done both via the lower reinforcement of the Ortbetondecke or by means other known methods are introduced into the concrete body of the Ortbetondecke.

It was found that lattice girders can be used alternatively or in addition to the pins. These supports can also be so far beyond the e.g. stand out of insulating material spacing of the false ceiling to the Ortbetondecke that they serve as a support and spacers for the lower reinforcement level of arranged above the spacing Ortbetondecke.

In principle, webs can also be formed on these supports and a corresponding configuration of the spacing which also fill with concrete during concreting of the Ortbetondecke. With appropriate training, these webs can also be performed statically effective. Such statically effective webs can be designed to be supportive, so that, for example, (assembly) support-free systems are created and / or the statics of the actual Ortbetondecke improve. Conceivable here are all known static possibilities such. Preload systems or steel beams etc.

In a further preferred embodiment, a system of "feet / supports" is proposed for spacing the filigree ceiling or ceiling plate as an alternative to insulating material which is stored, for example, covered with a plate on the construction site on yokes. This plate can also in a further embodiment as the factory, for example, by overcasting the first prefabricated sub-ceiling or in a production variant, by their objection to a second (fresh) concrete board which then proven in accordance with the function of today customary statically effective filigree ceiling, produced ,

In a further embodiment of the filigree sub-ceiling is proposed in the concrete mirror of the lower ceiling to engage a pipe system which can be used responsively and following the heat radiation principle nevertheless for heating and cooling. It is found that it is advantageous to form the concrete mirror as slim as possible in order to increase the reaction time and the dynamics of the element.

It has been found advantageous that the recesses required for the ceilings, e.g. for lighting or absorber body can serve as openings for the operation of the underlying installation space.

For the purposes of fire protection, it has been found that these recesses have a thickness required for fire protection according to the requirements of e.g. Concrete deposited layer, can be coated, but preferably with the material from the factory pre-fabricated ceiling is provided.

Below is another figure description with reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2 given, which is to be understood in parallel to the description already given above. In no way is the following description to be considered as limiting the description of the figures given above.

Description:

Some parts are not part of the climate ceiling.
There is a multifunctional false ceiling or a static load-bearing element to which the air-conditioning ceiling hangs, usually designed as a reinforced concrete ceiling

Upper area: 1st level, prefabricated element, consisting of a 7cm thick reinforced concrete slab as prefabricated part. In a In the preferred embodiment, the element may include at least one of the positions 14, 16, 12 or 60

Concrete quality (for example):

• Normal concrete: C20 / 25, C25 / 30, C35 / 45 or
• Lightweight concrete: LC20 / 22, LC25 / 28, LC30 / 33, LC35 / 38
• other known materials

• 14: Reinforcement: All known materials, including non-structural components, can be used as reinforcement. For example, structural steel B500 as round steel or mat, carbon fiber, textile reinforcements, steel, plastic, glass fibers and more.
• 16: Pipe system: Medium-leading pipe system for heating / cooling from known materials. For example:
  • Aluminum / plastic composite pipe
  • Plastic pipe, steel pipe etc.
• 12: Filling groove: depression along the edge of the plate, arranged on the panel joints for on-site insertion of a crack-bridging fabric and for flush-filling.
• 60: Installation element: In a preferred variant as a sound-absorbing component - preferably made of non-combustible material to ensure a fire protection level. For this purpose and to create a smoke-gas-tight level, the element 1, the mounting parts, on five sides, in particular on the side facing away from the room with the material used for the preparation of the element in a minimum required by fire protection strength; wrap. In sound-absorbing components, expanded glass, also porous, has proved to be particularly advantageous. But other known materials such as mineral or glass wool or various foams turned out to be feasible.

Lower range: 2nd level: (thermal and / or static) interface or and installation level consisting of known materials, e.g. Natural materials, EPS, XPS, PU, phenolic resin, also (reflection) film (s) or, for example, hollow body / - space-forming, arrangement of built-in parts as a hollow body or "egg carton-shaped" construction, realized spacings as a self-air guiding plane or for receiving Installations of all kinds, eg Electric, ventilation, heating, plumbing, therefore variable in height.

• 35: Gitterträger: Gitterträger aus Baustahl B500 zur Aussteifung der Elementplatte während Transport und Montage als Montagegitterträger zur Aufnahme des Betondruckes aus der bauseitig erstellten Ortbetondecke.

In a further possible embodiment, a hollow body / cavity, provided that, filled with sound-absorbing material, acoustically connected to the Pos. 20 together with this creates a resonance and pressure compensation space to the acoustic values of, preferably located below the entire ceiling space, such to influence that the reverberation time in the room in question, in particular shortening, can be influenced.

• 35: lattice girder: lattice girder made of structural steel B500 for stiffening the element slab during transport and installation as a mounting lattice girder for receiving the concrete pressure from the in-situ prepared concrete pavement.

In addition, a suspension may be provided: connecting elements formed between the air-conditioning ceiling and static-carrying element in known constructions.

• Rundstahlschlaufe oder gerader Stab aus Baustahl B500
• Rundstahlschlaufe und/oder gerader Stab oder Wellanker aus nicht rostendem Baustahl
• Abhänger aus diversen Kunst-/ oder sonstigen Werkstoffen hergestellt

The following constructions are particularly advantageous:

• Round steel loop or straight rod made of structural steel B500
• Round steel loop and / or straight rod or corrugated anchor made of stainless steel
• Hangers made of various art and / or other materials

• Fig. 1:
  • Heiz- und Kühlelement, verbunden mit bzw. angehängt an der Unterseite eine/r statisch tragenden Stahlbetondecke, zur Erwärmung und Kühlung von Räumen jeglicher Art. Mehrere Elemente werden zu einer größeren Fläche zusammengeschlossen und über einen Verteiler und Zuleitungen mit einem Medium, vorzugsweise Wasser, durchströmt.
  Bevorzugt einsetzbar als "flinke Klimadecke" nach dem Wärmestrahlungsprinzip.
• Fig. 2:
  • Beispielshafte Einbindung und Kombination mit ergänzender abgehängter Decke.

Z.B. Als Metall-Kassetten-Decke oder Trockenbau, Gipskartondecke.Further descriptions of the figures:

• Fig. 1 :
  • Heating and cooling element, connected to or attached to the underside of a static load-bearing reinforced concrete ceiling, for heating and cooling of rooms of any kind. Several elements are combined to form a larger area and a distributor and supply lines with a medium, preferably water, flows through.
  Preferably usable as a "quick climatic ceiling" according to the heat radiation principle.
• Fig. 2 :
  • Example integration and combination with supplementary suspended ceiling.

For example as a metal cassette ceiling or drywall, plasterboard ceiling.

1. 1.) Vorgefertigtes, großflächiges Bauelement mit mehrfachem Nutzen. Vorzugsweise aus Beton, welches als Unterdecke über mindestens eine Beabstandung, die ihrerseits aus bekannten Werkstoffen (z.B. Dämmstoff, auch zur thermischen Trennung) hergestellt sind, und als verlorene Schalung der darüber statisch wirksamen, vorzugsweise aus Ortbeton erstellten Deckenkonstruktion, bis zu deren Aushärten dient. Dabei ist das Bauelement für den ersten Nutzen (verlorene Schalung) derart konstruiert und bewehrt, dass es genügend eigene Tragkraft aufweist um die Rohbaulasten der darüber angeordneten, vorzugsweise aus Ortbeton bestehenden, Decke bis zum erreichen deren eigenen Standsicherheit aufzunehmen und über einen etwaigen, der zu erwartenden Last angepassten, vorübergehenden auch sporadischen Unterbau in den Untergrund abzuleiten.
2. 2.) Vorgefertigtes Bauelement nach 1 jedoch derart ausgebildet, dass die für das Erzielen der eigenen Tragkraft nötige(-n) Konstruktion(-en) oder Bewehrung(-en) zugleich als Abstandshalter und/oder Auflager für die untere Bewehrungsebene der darüber zu errichtenden, vorzugsweise Ortbetondecke, dient.
3. 3.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale, jedoch derart ausgebildet, dass die in 2 benannten Konstruktionen oder Bewehrungen dauerhafte statische Funktionen übernehmen. Z.B. im Verbund mit der darüber befindlichen z.B. Ortbetondecke als Betonrippen im Sinne einer Rippenplatte.
4. 4.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale jedoch dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beabstandung(-en) als mindestens ein Hohlraum oder z.B. durch mehrere hohlkörperbildende Konstruktionen, ausgebildet wird. Dergestalt angeordnet, dass der oder die Hohlräume im weiteren Nutzen als Installationsebene oder zur Luftführung oder durch eine zumindest teilweise mit Luft gefüllte Distanzierung als thermische Trennung wirkt.
5. 5.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Bauelement ein elektrisches Leitungssystem oder in einer bevorzugten Ausführung ein Medium führendes Rohrsystem integriert ist welches zur Raumtemperierung insbesondere nach dem Wärmestrahlungsprinzip herangezogen wird. Als vorteilhaft wurde auch gefunden, dass das Medium führende Rohrsystem als, auch automatisierte Lösch- oder / und Sprinkleranlage verwendet werden kann.
6. 6.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Bauelement fest oder reversibel eingelassene Einbauteile enthält. In einer weiteren Variante, dergestalt ausgebildet, dass die Einbauteile zugleich die Öffnungen für den Zugriff auf den Installationshohlraum darstellen oder als Lüftungs- oder Revisionsöffnungen dienen.
7. 7.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in das Bauelement, fest oder reversibel miteinander durch eine im Unterdeckenspiegel liegendes luftführendes Rohr oder Rohrsystem derart verbunden sind, dass ein Druckausgleich zwischen den einzelnen, in einer bevorzugten Ausführung schalldämmenden und akustisch wirksamen Einbaukörpern, zur Verbesserung der akustischen Wirkung ermöglicht wird. Als vorteilhaft wurde zudem gefunden, dass dieses Rohrsystem auch als Leerrohrsystem für Installationszwecke genutzt werden kann. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass das Rohrsystem über die fest oder reversibel eingesetzten Einbauteile oder akustisch wirksamen Bauelemente bedient werden kann.
8. 8.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Einbauteilen um schallabsorbierende Materialen handelt. Dergestalt ausgebildet, dass die Schallabsorber an oder in den Hohlraum oder die Beabstandung welche auch durch Dämmstoff ausgebildet sein kann, reichen und diesen Bereich akustisch mit aktivieren.
9. 9.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abhängung des beschriebenen Bauelementes mit Gitterträgern, Stäben, Schlaufen, Pins, Wellanker oder dergleichen statisch an der darüber befindlichen, nach dem Aushärten statisch tragenden, z.B. Ortbetondecke, befestigt sind.
10. 10.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Plattenstoß entlang des Plattenrandes eine Vertiefung in Form einer Abplattung und/oder Nut / Fase zum bauseitigen Einlegen eines rissüberbrückenden Gewebes und zur flächenbündigen Verspachtelung vorgesehen ist.
11. 11.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beabstandung in der Form als thermische Trennsicht ausgebildet wird, dass sich zum Dämmeffekt Installationskanäle ausbilden. Dafür wird erfindungsgemäß eine "Eierkarton-Artige" Konstruktion vorgeschlagen die auf der Ortbetondecke zugewandten Seite eine geschlossene Struktur aufweist. Dagegen auf der unteren, dem Raum zugewandten Seite die über Stege und Hohlräume verfügt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Ausbildung dieser Hohlkörper/Hohlraum bildenden Konstruktion aus einem drucksteifen und wärmeisolierenden Werkstoff. Z.B. PU, EPS Phenolharz.
12. 12.) Bauelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Merkmale dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlkörper/Hohlraum bildenden Konstruktion innen derart beschichtet ist, dass diese Elektromagnetische Wellen (z.B. Wärmestrahlung) in der jeweils beabsichtigten Wellenlänge optimal reflektiert.

Hereinafter, possible features are represented in a structured manner. These may be combined as desired with each other and with other features disclosed herein. These are not the claims of the application.

1. 1.) Prefabricated, large-scale component with multiple benefits. Preferably made of concrete, which as a ceiling over at least one spacing, which in turn are made of known materials (eg insulation, for thermal separation), and as a permanent formwork over the statically effective, preferably made of in-situ concrete ceiling construction, up to the curing thereof. The component for the first use (lost formwork) is constructed and reinforced in such a way that it has sufficient own load capacity has to accommodate the structural members of the above, preferably made of cast-in-situ, ceiling to reach their own stability record and derive on any, adapted to the expected load, temporary sporadic substructure in the ground.
2. 2) prefabricated component according to 1, however, designed such that the necessary for the achievement of their own carrying capacity (-n) construction (-en) or reinforcement (-en) at the same time as a spacer and / or support for the lower reinforcement plane to be erected above , preferably Ortbetondecke serves.
3. 3.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, however, designed such that the named in 2 constructions or reinforcements take over permanent static functions. For example, in conjunction with the overlying eg Ortbetondecke as concrete ribs in the sense of a ribbed plate.
4. 4.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, however, characterized in that the spacing (-en) is formed as at least one cavity or, for example, by a plurality of hollow body-forming constructions. Arranged such that the cavity or cavities acts as a thermal separation in the further use as installation level or for air guidance or by an at least partially filled with air distancing.
5. 5.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that in the component an electrical line system or in a preferred embodiment, a medium-leading pipe system is integrated which is used for room temperature control in particular according to the heat radiation principle. It was also found to be advantageous that the Medium-conducting pipe system can also be used as an automated extinguishing and / or sprinkler system.
6. 6.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that in the component contains fixed or reversible recessed mounting parts. In a further variant, designed such that the mounting parts at the same time represent the openings for access to the installation cavity or serve as ventilation or inspection openings.
7. 7.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that in the component, fixed or reversible to each other by a lying in the lower-level mirror air ducting pipe or pipe system are connected such that a pressure balance between the individual, in a preferred embodiment, sound-absorbing and acoustically effective installation bodies, to improve the acoustic effect is made possible. It has also been found to be advantageous that this pipe system can also be used as an empty pipe system for installation purposes. It was found that the pipe system can be operated via the permanently or reversibly inserted built-in parts or acoustically active components.
8. 8.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that it is sound-absorbing materials in the built-in parts. Designed such that the sound absorbers on or in the cavity or the spacing which can also be formed by insulation, rich and activate this area acoustically with.
9. 9.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that the suspension of the device described with lattice girders, rods, loops, pins, Wellanker or the like static at the above located, after curing statically supporting, eg Ortbetondecke attached.
10. 10.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that the plate joint along the plate edge is provided a recess in the form of a flattening and / or groove / chamfer for on-site insertion of a crack-bridging fabric and for flush filling.
11. 11.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that the spacing is formed in the form of a thermal separation view, that form the Dämmeffekt installation channels. For this purpose, an "egg-carton-type" construction is proposed according to the invention, which has a closed structure on the Ortbetondecke side facing. On the other hand, on the lower, the space-facing side which has webs and cavities. Particularly advantageous is the design of this hollow body / cavity-forming construction of a pressure-resistant and heat-insulating material. For example, PU, EPS phenolic resin.
12. 12.) Component according to one or more of the preceding features, characterized in that the hollow body / cavity-forming construction is coated inside such that this electromagnetic waves (eg heat radiation) optimally reflected in the respective intended wavelength.

The claims now filed with the application and later are without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

If, on closer examination, in particular also of the pertinent prior art, it emerges that one or the other feature is favorable, but not decisively important, for the purpose of the invention, then of course already now a formulation which no longer has such a feature, in particular in the main claim. Such a sub-combination is also covered by the disclosure of this application.

It should further be noted that the embodiments and variants of the invention described in the various embodiments and shown in the figures can be combined with one another as desired. Here, one or more features are arbitrarily interchangeable. These feature combinations are also disclosed with.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features which have been disclosed only in the description or also individual features from claims which comprise a plurality of features can at any time be taken over as being of essential importance for the purpose of differentiation from the prior art in the independent claim (s), even then, if such features have been mentioned in connection with other features or achieve particularly favorable results in connection with other features.

Claims (15)

Shuttering element as permanent formwork for a building ceiling, comprising a ceiling plate (10), a top plate (20), - A support assembly (30), and a number of connectors (40, 45), - Wherein the support assembly (30) between the top plate (10) and top plate (20) is arranged to keep the top plate (20) at a distance from the top plate (10) and forces a over the top plate (20) applied, not yet solidified in-situ concrete layer (50) from the top plate (20) into the ceiling plate (10), - Wherein the ceiling plate (10) is structurally effective in order to nondestructively absorb the forces introduced by the support assembly (30), upon contact of the ceiling plate (10) on a number of support elements, and - wherein the connectors (40, 45) connecting the ceiling plate (10) with the top plate (20), so that the cover plate (10) represents a ceiling suspended from the top plate (20) after removal of the support elements. Shuttering element according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover plate (10) opposite the top plate (20) has a bottom view (11). Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top plate (20) is not or only slightly less than the cover plate (10) formed statically effective. Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support arrangement (30) only partially fills a space between the ceiling plate (10) and the top plate (20). Shuttering element according to claim 4, characterized in that the support arrangement (30) is knob-shaped or egg-carton-shaped. Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support assembly (30) is formed of extruded or expanded polystyrene foam sheets, plastic materials, metal materials or wood materials. Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connectors (40, 45) are designed wholly or partly as metal rods, pins, corrugated anchors and / or as concreted connectors (45). Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceiling plate (10) in one A plurality of parts is formed, which are separately removably attached to the connectors (40, 45). Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceiling plate (10) without the support elements is not or only partially statically effective. Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in or on the ceiling plate (10) a number of tubes (16) and / or installation elements are installed. Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top plate (20) and the support assembly (30) are designed to be integrated in one part or each individual, discrete parts of the shuttering element (5); and / or the connector (40, 45) and the support assembly (30) are designed to be integrated in one part or are individual, discrete parts of the formwork element (5). Shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support assembly (30) is thermally insulating, sound-absorbing, acoustically damping, and / or heat-storing formed. Method for producing a building ceiling,
the method comprising the steps of: - Providing a formwork element, wherein the formwork element - a ceiling tile, - a top plate, - A support assembly, and having a number of connectors, Construction of a number of supporting elements, Placing the ceiling plate on the support elements so that the top plate is kept at a distance from the support arrangement above the ceiling plate, Applying a not yet hardened in-situ concrete layer above the top plate, wherein a load of the in-situ concrete layer is introduced into the ceiling plate via the support arrangement, wherein the ceiling plate is structurally effective in order to receive the forces introduced by the support assembly nondestructively, - solidification of in-situ concrete, and - Remove the support elements, so that the ceiling plate remains as suspended by means of the connector from the top plate ceiling. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the formwork element (5) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 12 and / or features according to one of claims 1 to 12. Method according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the connectors are partially embedded in the in-situ concrete.

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