EP3303641B1 - Procédé de formage à chaud d'un élément en acier - Google Patents

Procédé de formage à chaud d'un élément en acier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3303641B1
EP3303641B1 EP16718628.7A EP16718628A EP3303641B1 EP 3303641 B1 EP3303641 B1 EP 3303641B1 EP 16718628 A EP16718628 A EP 16718628A EP 3303641 B1 EP3303641 B1 EP 3303641B1
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Prior art keywords
layer
steel component
treatment step
heat treatment
oxidation
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3303641A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Graul
Haucke-Frederik Hartmann
Jan Lass
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0478—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a particular surface treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hot forming a steel component according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • hot-formed steel components can be used, for example for a B-pillar, a tunnel reinforcement or a side member.
  • a steel plate is heated in a furnace up to the area of complete austenitization (at around 920 ° C).
  • the steel plate is placed in a forming tool (for example a deep-drawing press) and quench hardened during pressing.
  • a forming tool for example a deep-drawing press
  • Drill-alloyed steels with, for example, 0.24% carbon are usually used, the conversion behavior being controllable via the alloy (in particular boron) and the achievable strength via the carbon content.
  • the furnace temperature is in the range of 900 to 940 ° C, while the furnace residence time is approx. 4 to 10 minutes.
  • a conventional zinc coating cannot be used in the prior art - instead of the aluminum-silicon coating mentioned above. Such a zinc coating would drip or burn at the above furnace temperatures.
  • the aluminum-silicon coating which acts as a scale protection layer, has the following disadvantages: the aluminum-silicon coating results in a rough, hard layer Surface structure of the steel component, which leads to severe tool wear during press hardening. In addition, there is a strongly laminar layer structure with widely varying layer properties and an overall only low layer adhesion to the base material, which is of the order of 20 N / mm 2 . In addition, the aluminum-silicon coating leads to a high tendency to edge corrosion of the steel component and to a reduction in the cap service life during resistance welding. The aluminum-silicon coating also affects the quality of the welded joint: aluminum and silicon do not evaporate during the welding process, but solidify in the weld seam, which can lead to weak points. In addition, the AlSi coating is susceptible to flaking or damage during and after hot forming. Due to the lack of a long-distance effect compared to a zinc coating, a corrosion attack is more likely.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a hot-formed steel component, in which the hot-forming can be carried out in a simple manner more reliably and more efficiently than in the prior art.
  • the invention is based on the problem that the conventional hot forming process is accompanied by heavy wear on the forming tool, specifically because of the rough, hard metal surface of the steel component.
  • a further pretreatment step is carried out, in which a surface oxidation takes place.
  • an inert, corrosion-resistant oxidation layer is formed on the scale protection layer, by means of which abrasive tool wear can be reduced in the subsequent forming step.
  • the surface oxidation is carried out simply by pickling passivation.
  • pickling passivation the steel component is treated with a pickling solution in a pickling bath and then air-dried, for example, at room temperature.
  • the pickling solution is the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.
  • the roughness of the metal surface of the steel component is reduced by means of the additional oxidation layer, which reduces the abrasive tool wear in the forming step.
  • premature wear of any component carriers that transfer the steel component through the heat treatment furnace can be prevented: in the state of the art, furnace transfer involves diffusion processes between the AlSi layer of the steel component and the component carrier (especially when using ceramic rollers ) instead, which leads to premature failure of the ceramic rollers. Diffusion processes of this type are significantly reduced by means of the additional oxidation layer according to the invention.
  • the furnace throughput time can be reduced since, according to the invention, the alloying process between the AlSi layer and the base material of the steel component does not have to be completely completed in order to protect the component carrier rollers. By better shielding the substrate, longer permissible furnace throughput times can be tolerated.
  • a third pretreatment step is carried out before the heat treatment step is carried out.
  • a top layer of high melting temperature is applied in an immersion bath.
  • the top layer is a titanium-zirconium layer or a titanium oxide layer that covers the corrosion-resistant oxidation layer.
  • this additional cover layer prevents the layers underneath, that is to say in particular the scale protection layer, from melting. Appropriate alloying of this top layer enables the flow behavior to be overcome.
  • the scale protection layer can, in current practice, be an aluminum-silicon layer, which is applied to the steel component, for example, in a hot-dip coating process or coil coating process.
  • the scale protection layer can also be a zinc or zinc-iron coating, which can preferably be applied to the steel component in a hot-dip coating process.
  • This has a melting temperature that is lower than the heat treatment temperature (approx. 920 ° C) in the heat treatment furnace, as a result of which zinc can melt and flow away from the steel component.
  • the zinc or zinc-iron coating is covered with the above-mentioned cover layer made of metal oxide or a titanium-zirconium alloy, the Melting temperatures are greater than the heat treatment temperature in the furnace. This prevents the zinc / zinc-iron layer from melting during the heat treatment.
  • the starting material or the substrate of the steel component can be a manganese-boron alloyed tempering steel, for example 20MnB5, 22MnB5, 27MnB5, 30MnB5.
  • the total layer thickness of the layer structure consisting of the scale protection layer and the corrosion-resistant oxidation layer and optionally the additional cover layer can be less than 20 ⁇ m or greater than 33 ⁇ m.
  • the oxidation layer or the top layer can preferably have a melting temperature greater than 2000 ° C., a bending strength greater than 300 MPa, a compressive strength greater than 2000 MPa and a Vickers hardness greater than 1600 HV1.
  • a metal surface with locally different surface properties can be adjustable during the passage through the pickling passivation (pickling system).
  • pickling passivation pickling system
  • the invention also improves weldability and reduces cap wear on WPS caps.
  • the energy input during laser cutting and welding is improved due to the higher degree of absorption of the steel component.
  • the additional corrosion-resistant oxidation layer also forms an effective hydrogen diffusion barrier.
  • there is an improvement in the possibilities for inline quality assurance by means of thermographic processes by increasing the emissivity (matt surface) and an improvement in the stone chip resistance in the corrosion areas.
  • the surface oxidation according to the invention in the second pretreatment step can take place over the entire surface and on one or both sides of the sheet steel part.
  • the surface oxidation can also be carried out partially, to be precise with the formation of at least one surface section without an oxidation layer and a second surface section with an oxidation layer.
  • These surface sections thus have different surface roughness, which in the forming step (that is to say in the deep-drawing press) form different static friction coefficients with the forming tool surface in contact. In this way, the material flow can be controlled during hot forming.
  • the steel component in the heat treatment step, can be heated to a target temperature of at least 945 ° C., in particular using a heating holding point in the range of 600 ° C.
  • the heat treatment can preferably be carried out in a time interval between approximately 100 seconds to a maximum of 4000 seconds. With alternative heating routes (induction, conduction), these values can deviate significantly downwards.
  • the steel component is preferably a steel sheet with a material thickness in the range from 0.4 to 4 mm, in particular in the range from 0.5 to 2.50 mm.
  • the oxidation layer according to the invention is at least present, ideally also during and after the furnace pass.
  • a transfer is carried out into one or more forming tools or tempering tools for forming or tempering.
  • cooling is preferably carried out to a final temperature of less than 600 ° C, in particular to a final temperature of less than 400 ° C.
  • a layer system of at least five different layers results on the steel component.
  • the oxidation layer effectively prevents contact between the surface of the forming tool and the layers underneath (that is, for example, the scale protection layer).
  • Al-Fe-Si phases are formed under the oxidation layer according to the invention, an Al-Fe phase being formed in particular between these phases and the component base material.
  • a thin ferritic layer can be formed on the outermost layer of the base material (that is, the substrate), which in particular has a layer thickness of less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the steel component can also contain macroscopically different structures.
  • the steel component can be designed as a tailored rolled blank, a tailored welded blank or a patch blank.
  • the structure can have residual austenitic components.
  • the steel components produced according to the invention can be used in different industries, for example in a vehicle, in particular a land vehicle, a passenger car or a truck. Use as a security profile in armored vehicles is possible according to the invention.
  • a coating system formed by diffusion processes in the furnace of a finished steel component 1 after hot forming is shown by way of example.
  • the base material (substrate) 3 of the steel component 1 is 22MnB5, for example.
  • a diffusion zone 5 is formed directly on the base material 3, on which further alloy layers follow, namely an iron-aluminum-silicon zone 7, an iron-aluminum zone 9, an iron-aluminum-silicon-manganese zone 11, an iron-aluminum zone 13 and an aluminum oxide zone 15, an oxidation layer 17 and a titanium oxide layer as the cover layer 19 are formed.
  • the Indian Fig. 1 Laminar structure identified by reference number 2 corresponds to a coating system as is known from the prior art.
  • the laminar structure with the oxidation layer 17 and covered with the cover layer 19. reduce, among other things, the roughness of the metal surface of the steel component 1, which reduces the abrasive tool wear in the forming step and during the furnace transfer.
  • Pretreatment I shows, among other things, that in the Fig. 2 shown process steps Ia, Ib and Ic.
  • a hot-dip coating takes place, in which the aluminum-silicon layer 15 is applied to the steel component base material 3. This serves as a scale protection layer during the heat treatment.
  • pickling passivation takes place, in which the steel component 1 is treated with a pickling solution in a pickling bath and then air-dried at room temperature.
  • the pickling solution can be, for example, an aqueous solution of an acid, a base or a pH value - neutral, for example phosphoric acid, by means of which the inert and corrosion-resistant oxidation layer 17 is formed on the aluminum-silicon layer 15.
  • a further hot dip coating is then carried out in a third process step Ic, in which the titanium oxide layer 19 is applied as the top layer.
  • Fig. 3 the steel component 1 is shown after process step la has taken place, that is to say with the AlSi layer 15
  • Fig. 4 is shown the steel component 1 after the process step Ib (that is after the pickling passivation) with the additional oxidation layer 17, while in the Fig. 5 the steel component 1 is shown after the process step Ic, with the additional cover layer 19.
  • the steel component 1 is transferred to a heat treatment furnace in which the heat treatment II is carried out.
  • the steel component 1 is heated to a target temperature of, for example, at least 945 ° C., specifically for a predefined process duration that can be in the range of, for example, 100 to a maximum of 4000 seconds.
  • a target temperature of, for example, at least 945 ° C.
  • a predefined process duration that can be in the range of, for example, 100 to a maximum of 4000 seconds.
  • Fig. 6 Coating system shown on the surface of the steel component 1.
  • the steel component 1, which is still in the hot state, is then subjected to hot forming III, in which the steel component 1 is both hot-formed and quench hardened.
  • the scale protection layer 15 is an Al-Si layer.
  • the scale protection layer 15 can also be a zinc or zinc-iron coating.
  • This can preferably be applied to the steel component 1 in a hot dip coating process.
  • FIG. 7 A steel component 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment is shown, the coating system of which is essentially identical to that in FIG Fig. 1 coating system shown.
  • the cover layer 19 is omitted, so that the oxidation layer 17 is exposed to the outside.
  • FIG. 8 Another steel component 1 is shown, in which the oxidation layer 17 is also exposed to the outside.
  • the surface of the steel component 1 is in the Fig. 8 divided into a surface section 21 without an oxidation layer 17 and a surface section 23 with an oxidation layer 17.
  • the two surface sections 21, 23 have different surface roughnesses, which in the following forming step III form different static friction coefficients to the forming tool surface, whereby the material flow can be controlled during the hot forming.
  • Such different surface sections 21, 23 can be set, for example, by masking the steel component 1 during the passage through the pickling passivation (pickling system).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour le formage à chaud d'une pièce en acier (1), qui, dans une étape de traitement thermique (II), est chauffée dans une plage d'austénitisation complète ou partielle et la pièce en acier (1) chauffée est, dans une étape de formage (III), formée à chaud ainsi que durcie par trempe, l'étape de traitement thermique (II) étant précédée d'un point de vue technique de procédé d'une première étape de prétraitement (la), dans laquelle la pièce en acier (1) est munie d'une couche de protection contre le calaminage (15) résistante à la corrosion pour sa protection contre le calaminage dans l'étape de traitement thermique (II), une oxydation de surface ayant lieu avant l'exécution de l'étape de traitement thermique (II) dans une deuxième étape de prétraitement (Ib), dans laquelle une couche d'oxydation (17) à réaction lente, résistante à la corrosion est formée sur la couche de protection contre le calaminage (15), au moyen de laquelle une usure par abrasion d'outil dans l'étape de formage (III) est réduite, l'oxydation de surface dans la deuxième étape de prétraitement (Ib) ayant lieu par passivation par décapage et, pour la passivation par décapage, la pièce en acier (1) étant traitée dans un bain de décapage comprenant une solution de décapage et étant ensuite séchée, caractérisé en ce que la solution de décapage est une solution aqueuse d'acide phosphorique, en ce qu'une troisième étape de prétraitement (Ic) a lieu avant la réalisation de l'étape de traitement thermique (II), dans laquelle une couche de revêtement (19) de haute température de fusion est formée sur la couche d'oxydation (17) résistante à la corrosion dans un bain d'immersion en masse fondue et en ce que la couche de revêtement (19) empêche une fusion des couches sous-jacentes (15, 17) durant l'étape de traitement thermique (II) consécutive, la couche de revêtement (19) étant une couche d'oxyde métallique, à savoir une couche d'oxyde de titane ou une couche de titane- zirconium.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection contre le calaminage (15) est une couche d'aluminium-silicium, qui est appliquée sur la pièce en acier (1) de préférence dans un procédé de revêtement par immersion en masse fondue ou dans un procédé de couchage sur bande.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection contre le calaminage (15) est une couche contenant de l'aluminium, qui est appliquée sur la pièce en acier (1) de préférence dans un procédé de revêtement par immersion en masse fondue ou dans un procédé selon la revendication 1de couchage sur bande.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection contre le calaminage (15) est un revêtement de zinc ou de zinc-fer, qui est appliqué sur la pièce en acier (1) de préférence dans un procédé de revêtement par immersion en masse fondue.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'oxydation de surface dans la deuxième étape de prétraitement (Ib) est effectuée partiellement, par la formation d'au moins une section de surface (21) sans couche d'oxydation (17) et d'une section de surface (23) avec une couche d'oxydation (23), et en ce que les sections de surface (21, 23) présentent des rugosités de surface différentes, qui forment dans l'étape de formage (III) des coefficients d'adhérence et de friction différents par rapport à la surface d'outil de formage, rendant le flux de matière régulable durant le formage à chaud et en ce que l'oxydation de surface partielle est réglée via un masquage de la pièce en acier (1) durant le passage à travers la passivation par décapage dans la deuxième étape de prétraitement (Ib).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de départ ou substrat (3) de la pièce en acier (1) est un acier trempé allié de bore-manganèse, en particulier du 20MnB5, du 22MnB5, du 27MnB5, du 30MnB5.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur totale de couches (s) avant l'étape de traitement thermique est inférieure à 20 µm ou supérieure à 33 µm.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'oxydation (17) et/ou la couche de revêtement (19) présente(nt) une température de fusion supérieure à 2000 °C, une résistance à la flexion supérieure à 300 MPa, une résistance à la compression supérieure à 2000 MPa et une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1600 HV1.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection contre le calaminage (15), la couche d'oxydation (17) et la couche de revêtement (19) sont appliquées avant l'étape de traitement thermique (II) sur le substrat (3) de la pièce en acier (1) et en ce que durant l'étape de traitement thermique (II) d'autres phases ou couches (5 à 15) se forment par des processus de diffusion sous la couche d'oxydation (17), en particulier une phase d'AI-Fe-Si (7), une zone d'AI-Fe (9), une zone d'Al-Fe-Si-Mn (11), une zone de Fe-AI (13) et une zone d'alumine.
EP16718628.7A 2015-06-08 2016-04-14 Procédé de formage à chaud d'un élément en acier Active EP3303641B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015210459.1A DE102015210459B4 (de) 2015-06-08 2015-06-08 Verfahren zur Warmumformung eines Stahlbauteils
PCT/EP2016/058226 WO2016198186A1 (fr) 2015-06-08 2016-04-14 Procédé de formage à chaud d'un élément en acier

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EP3303641A1 EP3303641A1 (fr) 2018-04-11
EP3303641B1 true EP3303641B1 (fr) 2020-06-17

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EP (1) EP3303641B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102071920B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107667182B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015210459B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2815657T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016198186A1 (fr)

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RU2729674C1 (ru) * 2017-02-21 2020-08-11 Зальцгиттер Флахшталь Гмбх Способ нанесения покрытия на стальной лист или стальную полосу и способ изготовления закаленных под прессом деталей из них
DE102018118015A1 (de) 2018-07-25 2020-01-30 Muhr Und Bender Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gehärteten Stahlprodukts
DE102018222063A1 (de) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-18 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Stahlsubstrat zur Herstellung eines warmumgeformten und pressgehärteten Stahlblechbauteils sowie Warmumformverfahren
DE202019107269U1 (de) * 2019-12-30 2020-01-23 C4 Laser Technology GmbH Verschleiß- und Korrosionsschutzschicht aufweisende Bremseinheit
DE102020107749A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2021-09-23 Peter Amborn Verfahren zur Vermeidung der Oxidation der Oberfläche eines metallischen Substrats sowie metallisches Substrat hergestellt nach dem Verfahren
DE102020114053B4 (de) 2020-05-26 2022-07-14 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Prozessanordnung zur Herstellung eines warmumgeformten und pressgehärteten Stahlblechbauteils

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KR102071920B1 (ko) 2020-02-03
CN107667182A (zh) 2018-02-06
DE102015210459B4 (de) 2021-03-04
US10900110B2 (en) 2021-01-26
EP3303641A1 (fr) 2018-04-11
DE102015210459A1 (de) 2016-12-08
KR20180017086A (ko) 2018-02-20
WO2016198186A1 (fr) 2016-12-15
CN107667182B (zh) 2019-06-04
US20180100224A1 (en) 2018-04-12
ES2815657T3 (es) 2021-03-30

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