Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
  • G05B19/41865—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
  • G05B19/4187—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow by tool management
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
  • G05B19/41885—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by modeling, simulation of the manufacturing system
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
  • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
  • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
  • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
  • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
  • G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
  • G06Q10/0875—Itemisation or classification of parts, supplies or services, e.g. bill of materials

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method with which computer-assisted machine components can be determined which are particularly suitable for a particular particular application.
• machine component As a “machine component”, individual machine elements or groups of specific aggregates are subsequently interacted with each other
• machine elements understood.
• the considered machine elements are each a smallest technical functional unit which is suitable for meeting the technical-functional requirements resulting from the particular technical application under consideration.
• the term "machine component” accordingly also includes the components, starting materials or process parameters used in the manufacture of machine components or their machine elements, since the properties and functions of the components and elements considered here always depend on the manner of their manufacture and the materials used therein Process be coined.
• a typical example of machine components that may be selected in the manner contemplated and recited herein are belts for belt drives.
• the selection of such belts usually takes place in accordance with VDI Guideline 2758
• Machine elements from catalog-provided machine elements in particular produced according to a specific manufacturer specification, can be summarized as follows (see also attached FIG.
• Machine element to be considered conditions. These conditions include, for example, the static and dynamic loads to which the machine element will be exposed during operation, as well as external ones
• Conditions such as ambient atmosphere, temperatures, friction pairings,
• steps (c) and (d) are usually represented by tables or graphs, alternatively by a suitable software, on the basis of which to be taken into account conditions (a) and in accordance with the decision made in step (b) from the relevant machine element can be determined in each case to be provided.
• the specific design of the selected machine element is usually without regard to the influencing factors caused by the application. At best, such influencing factors are included roughly on a flat-rate basis.
• Drive belts are not comparable with each other because it is not clear on what basis the information was determined. In particular, it is not known on which lifespan basis the values have been set. Detailed guidelines or standards on how comparable performance values can be determined do not currently exist. Instead, manufacturers of drive belts define their own calculation and design methods. As a result, the characteristics and selection criteria given by the different manufacturers are not or at best comparable with great effort and considerable uncertainty. This is how products with seemingly similar appear
• the present invention has set itself the goal of specifying a method that allows the systematic and targeted selection of the most suitable for a particular application machine component, which should be included in this selection empirical values, so as to a constantly improving system automatically create.
• the invention has achieved this object by the method specified in claim 1.
• FIG. 1 The procedure proposed by the invention is shown in FIG. 1 in the form of a diagram.
• a method according to the invention for the computer-aided selection of a machine component provided for a specific use comprises at least the following working steps: a) Properties of the respectively considered machine component and influencing variables determining these properties are determined. b) Possible applications are determined for the particular machine component considered. c) For the respectively considered machine component, those at the
• Machine components are formulated in terms of the intended use. g) The use and the associated influencing variables are fed as input variables into a selection algorithm running on a computer, which, taking into account the input variables on the basis of the information stored in the database, optimally fits the respective application
• Machine component selects. h) The selected in step g) machine component is supplied to the intended use.
• properties and the influencing variables determining these properties are thus determined in the first working step for the particular machine component considered.
• the applications in question are determined for the particular machine component under consideration and it is determined to which influencing variables the machine component is exposed during the respective use and which influencing variables are accordingly to be considered in the application-related selection and design of the machine component.
• the interactions of the influencing variables are determined from statements that have been made on the influencing variables in practical use of the considered machine component, or from statements which are based on the influencing variables and obtained by systematic experimental investigations. If it turns out that as such, previously unidentified influencing factors exist, then these newly recognized influencing variables can be compared to the group of factors to be considered and
• the interactions may also take the form of fuzzy descriptions ("fuzzy logic", artificial neural networks, other methods of artificial intelligence) of the
• Information e.g., predictors, rules, blurred descriptions of interactions
• This database can comprise, in a manner known per se, one, two or more individual databases which each contain machine-readable data related to specific use cases.
• Information that is determined on interacting requirements and influencing variables is optionally linked in the database in such a way that changes to one information have a direct impact on the other information (s) associated with it.
• the database thus generates a network of interrelated information linked to particular machine components related to a variety of different applications.
• the influencing variables which are present in the relevant application are formulated.
• the application and the associated influencing variables are fed as input variables into a selection algorithm running on a computer.
• the selection algorithm selects, taking account of the input variables, on the basis of the information stored in the database, which are optimally suitable for use in the respective application
• Essential for the invention is that in an automated process based on empirically determined or theoretically formulated and stored in a database information for the respective application optimally suitable machine element is determined accurately and that starting from the intended application.
• the used, in the Database stored information describe the between the respective
• the quality and validity of the newly acquired information can be constantly improved in the sense of a self-learning system.
• step g) For the continuous improvement of the database created by the steps a) -f) for the selection step (step g)), the following additional steps can be completed: i) The machine component selected in step g) is filled with a
• Identification means equipped, which allows an individual monitoring and detection of the machine component. j) The selected machine component is identified and monitored in its practical use on the basis of the identification means, wherein the monitoring provides information about a characteristic value representing one of the influencing variables considered. k) The statements recorded in step j) are fed as influencing variables into the process starting with step c).
• the identification means can not only carry information that uniquely identifies the respective machine component, but also information about the nature of the machine component
• Machine component for example, the assignment of the by the
• the monitoring provides in the simplest case, a statement about a single characteristic value, such as over the period of time that elapses between the start of use and a wear required by replacement.
• the monitoring can also provide information about a set of two or more characteristics, such as the external influences (temperature, atmosphere) to which the
• the identification means may also be equipped in such a way that it provides information about the internal state and the loads of the machine element during operation.
• Other known measuring methods can be used to the forces prevailing in the use of the machine element, its changes in length, temperature development and the like (see this example for a belt drive US 6,264,577 B1, DE 10 2010 002 551A1, JP 2009-007078 A, DE 44 44 263 C1, US 5,843,258 A, AU 2009203049 A1).
• Machine components is monitored in the respective application.
• Machine components can be defined as a so-called "application key", which in a standardized form coupled application and associated factors with each other. Such an application key can simplify the machine processing of the selection process.
• the system according to the invention can be designed so that it is new
• Component also suggestions for the selection of certain components, materials or
• the invention is concerned with the application-specific selection and design of means for transmitting kinetic energy to a component to be moved, these means being in particular belts or chains and the components directly interacting with these drive means.
• a drive unit which consists of the elements - "drive pulley”, over which a driving force is introduced
• Characteristic values for the loads which can play a role in the selection according to the invention and are recorded as such and stored as information in the database are, for example
• the environmental conditions which can be taken into account as influencing variables in the selection according to the invention include, for example
• Belt drives are typically used in linear axis drives.
• the drive pulley M of the motor and pulleys U are mounted here on a movable carriage S. According to the current catalog value, the design of the required belt R is negligible when the friction is neglected, if the product consists of mass and
• Neoprene timing belts are approved for use up to 100 ° C. Neoprene softens as temperatures rise, the tooth deforms faster under load, and the belt bounces more easily.
• the catalog makes no difference here. Either the collateral at 20 ° C is so great that even at temperatures of 100 ° C still the values according to catalog are reached, or there is a risk at higher temperatures.
• the method according to the invention provides for ascertaining the essential influencing variables on the basis of series of measurements for as many different load cases as possible in order to enable an exact belt dimensioning tailored to the respective application.
• the achievable mileage for drives according to Figure 3 is then determined on the basis of the achievable number of load changes over the belt length in a mileage.
• An ⁇ drive according to FIG. 4 does not require any additional safety for operation at 100 ° C., if it is operated only in a workshop in which people work and no additional waste heat is generated. Under such conditions, the ambient temperatures reach at most 40 ° C.
• Feed axis of a machine tool which accelerates permanently with high acceleration values from rest to rated speed and constantly changes the direction of rotation. Disk quality, gearing quality etc. are not taken into account in the calculation or, at best, via flat-rate load factors.
• the overall drive can be incorporated into the belt sizing.
• the fan In the example of a fan drive, the fan always turns in one direction only. To reduce noise, the disc gap can be increased, which here has no effect on the life of the belt.
• the feed drive requires a small gap between belt and pulley, because high accuracy of the position are required.
• the constant changes of direction would always result in a sudden flank change between belt and disk toothing. Fewer gaps play results in higher friction, the risk of higher wear and lower life or, conversely, a wider belt is required to maintain the desired life to the next
• Test stands will then be modeled for the application scenario typical for the respective application and, for example, life tests are carried out for this special application.
• the lessons learned from practical customer experience or from the test results become part of the pool of linked information stored in the database. If the customer makes the stipulation that a certain service life of the belt is desired in his application, then based on the information stored, a belt is selected which, taking into account the other conditions applicable to the intended application, is precisely dimensioned to ensure the specified service life achieved, but not beyond. That is, the customer does not receive a drive that can transmit its motor power indefinitely, but a drive that performs the drive task for the customer's, e.g. desired life or other criteria desired by the customer such.
• a belt drive and a method that allow to determine the loads to which the essential components "pulley” and “belt” are subjected in a belt drive are the subject of German patent application 10 2015 107 177.0 entitled “Belt drive and method for monitoring Such a belt drive "filed by the Applicant of the present application on the same day as the present application at the German Patent and Trademark Office and the content of which is incorporated in the disclosure of the present application.
• This identification means may be an RFID chip which is inserted into the material of the belt.
• the RFID chip may carry information about the belt and be equipped to transmit this information to a sensor located at a suitable location on the test stand or machine and detecting the respective information.
• a sensor located at a suitable location on the test stand or machine and detecting the respective information.
• the acquired information is then transmitted to an evaluation unit.
• an evaluation unit By adjusting the information supplied by the belt and the disc new information about the synchronous operation, the duration of use, the wear, the concentricity, etc. of the drive can be obtained, which are used to improve the validity of the information contained in the inventively constructed database.
• identification means than the RFID chips mentioned here for the identification of the belt and the disc can be used. It would be conceivable, for example, to design the identification means such that they actively detect, for example, the temperature development, deformation or dynamic forces to which the belt is exposed during use and supply it to the sensor. Such actively obtained data in turn contribute to the improvement of the result of a selection made according to the invention.
• the procedure according to the invention succeeds in determining optimally suitable machine components for the respective use.
• Beverage bottling plants contain numerous rotary drives, which are often designed as belt drives.
• beverage bottling plants are subject to strict hygiene regulations and must be cleaned regularly.
• comparably aggressive cleaning chemicals are used.
• Bottling lines in which high-sugar drinks are bottled, belts made of a combination of materials have been proposed that are insensitive to that
• PU belts Polyurethane timing belts
• PU belts are generally very resistant to water and moisture. In dry air, temperatures up to +50 ° C, sometimes even +80 ° C are no problem for the PU belts. Similarly, it is not a problem when operating PU belts at high humidity and room temperature.
• An essential characteristic of the process according to the invention for selecting a suitable belt for the use of "drive of an aggregate” is therefore also the basic material of which the respective belt is made, as well as “influencing variables” which are in use in each case expected ambient temperature and humidity, and as “interaction”, the effects on the material of the belt depending on the absolute value of the temperature and humidity.
• drive a machine tool as a “property” are the material of the available drive belts and as influencing factors for the selection process in addition to the expected mechanical stresses, the temperature conditions and coming in the machine tool used lubricants and their interaction with the respective material considered, from which the belts consist.
• deionized water For cleaning purposes, so-called deionized water is frequently used, from which all minerals have been extracted.
• Machine components are used in a correspondingly polluted environment, as "property" in the selection according to the invention, in turn, the materials of the machine components and considered as “interaction” their interaction with the demineralized water.
• the information which is crucial for the selection according to the invention and is included in the database provided according to the invention as a rule for the interactions of the influencing variables involved is that, if the material of the machine components contains a plasticizer, there is a high tendency for the material to migrate as a result of the osmotic gradient Water wanders.
• drive belts whose base material is an elastomer tend to be prematurely embrittled when used in an environment where deionized water is used.
• the selection according to the invention results in the statement that the respective molded part is in a constant environment
• Timing belts are coupled.
• the method according to the invention for the use of "theatrical luminaire” yields a drive belt, which, despite the adverse conditions, does not tend to embrittle, as occurs under these conditions in belts whose
• Base material is a conventional elastomer.
• Noise emission is thus the result of the interaction of certain properties and influencing factors, which are also to be considered when selecting the suitable machine component in relation to the respective application.
• tension members e.g., aramid, carbon fiber
• tension members may in some instances determine whether or not a belt is suitable for deflection over the belt spine, or to what radii of curvature that may be.
• tension members e.g., aramid, carbon fiber
• Aramid tensile carriers are very sensitive to notch effect. While this influence now leads to fractures in the aramid tension member, the carbon tension member tolerates this influence because the notch sensitivity is lower.
• a characteristic value can be determined from these relationships, up to which the aramid tension member would also be usable in the case of back flexing.
• influences on the Ceipping by external influences such as
• moisture (creep of the tensile carrier in moisture).
• Influencing variables are fed into the database system provided according to the invention and, together with the description of the interactions of these properties and influencing variables also stored in the database, form the criteria for the selection of the reference to the
• timing belts are approved for use in certain temperature ranges. It remains, however, under what other
• Conditions the belts may be used in these temperature ranges.

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• 2016
  • 2016-05-06 WO PCT/EP2016/060186 patent/WO2016177882A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2016-05-06 EP EP16721160.6A patent/EP3292520A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2016-05-06 DE DE202016008396.2U patent/DE202016008396U1/de active Active
  • 2016-05-06 US US15/572,040 patent/US10705512B2/en active Active
  • 2016-05-06 CN CN201680026518.XA patent/CN107580714B/zh active Active

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