EP3291214B1 - Afficheur à adaptation dynamique - Google Patents

Afficheur à adaptation dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3291214B1
EP3291214B1 EP17189386.0A EP17189386A EP3291214B1 EP 3291214 B1 EP3291214 B1 EP 3291214B1 EP 17189386 A EP17189386 A EP 17189386A EP 3291214 B1 EP3291214 B1 EP 3291214B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brightness
display
pane
light
display device
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17189386.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3291214A3 (fr
EP3291214A2 (fr
Inventor
Werner Malcherek
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Annax GmbH
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Annax GmbH
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Publication of EP3291214A3 publication Critical patent/EP3291214A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0606—Manual adjustment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/066—Adjustment of display parameters for control of contrast
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/14—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
    • G09G2360/145—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light originating from the display screen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a display device for writing and images and a method for operating such a display device.
  • screens or displays which are at least partially transparent, i. H. Light falling on the display from the back can at least partially pass through it, so that a user or viewer of the display not only sees the information shown on the display, in particular texts, characters or images, but also the background behind the display .
  • Such displays also open up the possibility of using them as head-up displays, in which information that is important for the viewer, for which it is advantageous if it is always in the field of vision and available, is shown.
  • Head-up displays are originally known from military aircraft, but have recently also found their way into civilian aircraft and vehicles. A realization using a (semi-)transparent screen/display would be much simpler, cheaper and more space-saving than the previously known head-up displays.
  • TFT displays which, however, only achieve a transmission of around 10%. This means that 90% of the light hitting the back does not reach the viewer.
  • high-resolution, self-illuminating oLED displays are currently being developed that achieve transmission levels of 40-50%.
  • TEL transparent electroluminescence
  • EP 3015915 A1 a display device provided with an energy-saving backlighting system, intended for mounting on a window pane, and in which light incident on the display from behind, if any, is shared with the display of the image. This allows the backlight of the display can be operated with low power, so that advantageously energy can be saved.
  • Essential for this is the attachment of a so-called smart window, which represents a pane with variable transparency or transmission, via which the rear side of the display can be used to control the external light that is let through.
  • U.S. 2010/0177025 A1 an information display device having a light source, and a light guide plate by means of which light from a light source is uniformly dispersed for the purpose of backlighting the display in front of this plate.
  • the light originating from the internal light source is introduced into the light guide plate from one end, while light originating from the outside is introduced from the other end.
  • the light guide plate contains a light control mirror that can be switched electrically and can either transmit or reflect light. This allows the light intensity used for backlighting to be controlled.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to find a display device and a method for operating the same that ensure automatic, rapid and precise adaptation of the readability to changing lighting conditions both on the viewer side and in the background.
  • the International Publication WO 2016/122571 A1 proposes a display device comprising a close-up display with which a virtual image can be displayed in front of a real background.
  • the U.S. Patent 5,773,845 discloses a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of redundant lines formed on a substrate and a signal line covering them, thereby reducing an aperture ratio.
  • the redundancy lines are higher than they are wide.
  • the present invention proposes a display device according to claim 1.
  • An essential element of the display device is the pane, which can be regulated in terms of its transparency and transmissivity, the two light sensors and the control unit, which uses the light intensity values measured by the light sensors and the desired brightness and contrast values set by the viewer to determine the transparency and transmissivity of the pane as well as the brightness and contrast of the Displays are regulated in such a way that an average image brightness as the sum of a light component generated by the display panel and a light component transmitted through the pane and a contrast between the displayed information and the background behind the pane corresponds to a preset value or a value that can be selected by the viewer, which means that the displayed information can be read information should be guaranteed.
  • the set transparency is dependent on the one hand on the measured brightness behind the pane, referred to here as background brightness, and on the brightness prevailing on the observer's side, referred to here as ambient brightness. Furthermore, the brightness and contrast values set by the viewer are decisive. In general, the transparency decreases with the background brightness and the desired contrast, but increases with the ambient brightness and the desired (image) brightness.
  • the present invention proposes a proportional, ie linear, quadratic or logarithmic dependency.
  • the latter has the advantage of being adapted to the natural adaptation of the human eye.
  • a change in the objective light intensity by a certain factor over several orders of magnitude of the ambient brightness is only associated with a gradual change in the subjective brightness. This would be taken into account by a logarithmic dependency of the transparency.
  • Attachment to a pane of a room and/or a vehicle is intended as a reference use of the display device according to the present invention, so that a clear distinction can be made between light conditions in front of and behind the pane, i.e. inside and outside.
  • the possible lighting conditions combinations and the transparency or contrast settings to be carried out by the control unit according to the method according to the invention are to be described here on the basis of a subdivision into three rough stages.
  • Relative transparency or transmissivity here means the transparency or transmissivity relative to the maximum possible values of the respective pane material.
  • the absolute transmittance indicates the absolute proportion of the transmitted light, usually related to the spectrum of the sun.
  • SPD single particle device
  • suspended particles are aligned parallel to one another by an applied voltage, thus changing the transmission and transparency properties. Without an applied voltage, the particles are randomly distributed and thereby absorb incident light. From a voltage of approx. 60VAC, all particles are aligned and the relative transmission reaches 100%, but with a low transparency value. With voltage values in between, relative transmission values between 0 and 100% can be achieved.
  • the present invention proposes to achieve this by combining two disks of different types, such as a pdLC and SPD disk. It is also conceivable to integrate layers of both materials into one pane, ie for example a pdLC layer between a first and a second electrode and an SPD layer between the second and a third electrode. By means of the two voltages between the first and second as well as the second and third electrode, transmission and transmission could then be controlled independently of one another within certain limits.
  • the pane behind the display is switched to almost no transparency by the control unit, and a high brightness and high contrast of the display is selected, which corresponds to the brightness and contrast settings desired by the viewer scale. This means that the control unit assumes that high or very high contrast and brightness are necessary for clear readability, but this can be ignored by the viewer through his settings.
  • the pane is switched to semi-transparent, and the brightness and contrast of the display must also be set high with regard to the value selected by the viewer.
  • a semi-transparent to largely transparent setting should be selected.
  • the basic brightness of the display should continue to be high, the contrast can be selected from high to normal, since the background brightness washes out less than in the first case.
  • the pane can be switched to full transparency, the brightness remains high, but a high contrast setting is not absolutely necessary, since there is hardly any additional, den Contrast-reducing backlighting takes place.
  • the pane should be switched to semi-transparent and medium brightness, but high contrast selected.
  • the pane should also be semi-transparent. Contrast and brightness should then both be set to medium high relative to the desired value selected by the viewer.
  • the pane can be set to be completely transparent, the brightness setting of the display should be medium/normal and the contrast too.
  • the pane should be set to almost opaque and the brightness of the display should be selected rather low, but the contrast should be normal or low. However, if the outside brightness is only moderate, a semi-transparent setting for the pane can be selected, but the control unit would set the brightness and contrast as in the previous case. A dark interior and a dark exterior are considered as the last case. In this case, the pane is or can be completely transparent in order to ensure that no light sources are overlooked. Brightness and contrast should be chosen rather low.
  • control behavior of the control unit of the display device applies in the event that an essentially clear view of the background is desired, so that the information displayed is visible together with the objects located in the background.
  • a pane with switchable transparency is required for this.
  • a diffuse pane with switchable transmission is required.
  • control behavior described above could remain largely unchanged.
  • the advantages of the display device according to the invention are, on the one hand, the automatic and rapid adaptation of the readability to the lighting conditions and the wishes of the viewer. It is essential here that this is able to react much more quickly than manual readjustment by an observer and is obviously also much more comfortable.
  • the IR radiation can be reduced as required, which means that excessive heating of the interior can be avoided.
  • the display device with a pane that can be switched in terms of its transparency and transmission, which can also be a window pane, results in a versatile usability of the display device according to the invention.
  • the display device according to the invention represents a window whose permeability can be switched, so that the heating of a room or vehicle can be reduced in strong sunlight, for example, by relative transparency is reduced to a value below 100%.
  • this benefits the comfort of the people in the room or vehicle, but at the same time it also has the important technical advantage of reducing the thermal load on devices, including the display device according to the invention itself, which reduces their service life and MTBF (mean time between failures). advantageously increased.
  • the pane If it is possible for the pane to be completely opaque or impermeable, a room can be sealed off from light, for example as a replacement for roller shutters or window shutters.
  • the pane used in the display device according to the invention would be controllable from about 0-100% both in its absolute transmission and in its absolute transparency.
  • the prior art With the SPD panes mentioned above, it is mainly the transmission that can be switched, but the transparency also changes in such a way that diffuse transmission takes place with relative transmissivity of 0 and 100%, i.e. the pane is opaque, but with transmission values in between it is certain transparency is given, so the pane is at least transparent to a certain degree.
  • the pdLC discs that are also known can be switched from opaque to transparent by applying a voltage.
  • two discs of the same type are arranged on different sides of the display and, usually parallel to it and either spaced apart or attached directly to it, the present invention recommends a double-sided reading or viewable display panel to use.
  • TFT displays can be used for this purpose. These usually consist of a large number of pixels arranged in a grid-like manner, each of which is made up of a red, blue and green liquid crystal cell (LCD) in the case of a color display. Each LCD cell is controlled by a thin-film transistor and switched to more or less translucent. The thin design of the transistors ensures transparency, although the maximum possible absolute transmittance is only around 50%. A TFT display does not have a preferred viewing direction, so it can naturally be read from both sides if there is appropriate backlighting.
  • TFT displays represent a very well mastered, mature technology and enable very high information densities of currently up to approx. 400ppi (pixels per inch, pixels per inch). For each pixel it is individually possible to determine the relative Change transparency from 0 to 100%.
  • a TFT matrix would therefore also be suitable as a switchable disc, but would be significantly more complex to manufacture and control.
  • EL electroluminescence
  • the most brilliantly colored images with a resolution that corresponds to that of TFT displays can be achieved with so-called transparent oLED (organic LED) displays. They consist of pixels arranged in a grid or matrix-like manner, with each pixel being assigned at least one light-emitting diode for one of the three primary colors red, green and blue. These light-emitting diodes are made of an organic material, which gives the display its name, and is placed on a substrate that also contains the electrical leads to each pixel. If this substrate is transparent, an at least partially transparent display is obtained. Transmissivity or transparency of such an oLED display is reduced by the substrate and the control lines of the oLEDs present therein. In current models, it achieves between 40-50% of the light applied.
  • transparent oLED organic LED
  • OLED displays provide very even illumination and high brilliance can be achieved since the pixel is self-illuminating and does not depend on backlighting via a TFT display. Achievable pixel sizes are in the range of a few 10 microns, and the information density therefore roughly corresponds to that of a TFT display.
  • a transparent substrate instead of a transparent substrate, it would also be conceivable to use a non-transparent substrate with a bore introduced below the LED. In order to match the viewing angle on the rear side to that on the front side, it would be advantageous to position a diverging lens on the exit side of the bore.
  • This basic structure can be used with oLEDs and pLEDs, but also with conventional inorganic LEDs mounted on a printed circuit board.
  • the pixels are generally arranged in a grid or matrix-like manner so that, with a sufficiently high resolution, general characters, texts or images can be displayed either statically or in motion.
  • the pixels are not arranged in a grid or matrix-like manner but in some other way.
  • ready-made lettering and/or characters can already be present on the display, so that the display's display capability is limited to a limited set of shapes or characters. This is e.g. This is the case, for example, with so-called 7-segment displays of digital clocks.
  • non-raster-like displays can be realized with all display types mentioned above. However, since this principle is only practical for low information densities, EL and LED displays are particularly suitable for this.
  • the present invention further proposes that the disk has sectors that can be switched separately. These sectors can be distributed over the surface of the pane in a matrix-like manner or also irregularly, but they should fill the pane surface completely. Each sector requires at least two electrical leads to control the transparency and transmissivity. According to the present invention, these should preferably be designed, at least for the sectors not adjoining the edge of the pane, in such a way that the cross section of the supply line has a significantly greater extent parallel to a main viewing direction than perpendicularly.
  • the pane of the present invention can be a separate element or a possibly existing electrically switchable window pane of a room and/or vehicle.
  • a display device that can be used in a mobile manner is obtained, while in the latter case, the additional provision of a pane that can be switched in terms of transparency and transmissivity is saved.
  • the light sensors and the control unit of the display device according to the invention can be designed in various ways. One possibility is that both functions are performed by physically separate facilities. This means that sensors are installed on the edge or at a point inside the surface of the pane and have signal lines via which the measured values are passed on in digital or analog form to the control unit, which is preferably located outside the pane surface, e.g. B. is arranged on one of the disc faces, or on a face of the display.
  • control unit would preferably be designed in such a way that a light sensor is mounted on two opposite end faces, which measures the light intensity coming from the respective hemisphere.
  • the present invention per viewable page and.
  • This is permanently assigned to the respective sector and the direction of view and forwards a measurement signal related to the sector to the associated control unit.
  • This can be a central control unit for evaluating all light measurement signals of the display device according to the invention, or it can be a control unit that is also assigned to a sector and main viewing direction. In the latter case, several existing control units would have the advantage that sector-related control of the contrast and brightness setting of the display would also be easier to carry out if the switchable sectors on the pane are also assigned separately controllable sectors of the display.
  • the pane is permanently connected to the display panel. This is preferably done using the optical contact bonding method, ie without adhesive and only by intermolecular forces between the contact surfaces of the slide and display, which are shaped in a complementary manner up to the highest tolerances. This further improves the achievable contrast.
  • the display device according to the invention has backlighting sources that are attached to one or more end faces of the pane, for example to opposite end faces.
  • This backlighting is particularly preferably a narrow LED light source (so-called "edge light LED").
  • the primary viewing direction(s) of a display should be understood herein as the relative directions from which a viewer sees the clearest, brightest, and highest contrast image. Displays are usually constructed in such a way that this direction is essentially perpendicular to the display plane. In the case of a display that can be read from both sides, the main viewing directions would usually be both possible surface perpendiculars.
  • a viewer first selects a main viewing direction, i.e. the viewer selects one of the maximum two possible sides that can be viewed as the 'active' side. This can be done either by actuating a corresponding control element or also automatically by evaluating images from an assigned camera and forwarding the corresponding information to the device according to the invention. Furthermore, the viewer selects a brightness and contrast setting that preferably applies to the entire display, i.e. does not have to be set individually for each sector.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the light sensor first measures a local brightness and forwards it to the control unit, the control unit controls transparency and/or transmission for each sector in such a way that the intensity is below one permissible maximum value and furthermore the control unit adjusts the brightness and contrast of the display panel in such a way that, seen from the selected viewing direction, they correspond to a value dependent on the measured light intensity and the settings selected by the viewer, and then the information to be provided is shown on the display.
  • these three steps are repeated at regular or irregular intervals, for example within the response time of the pane and/or the display. This should be done especially when the user changes the desired contrast and brightness settings.
  • the maximum value used to control the transmissivity and the transparency of the pane of the display device according to the invention results from the brightness and contrast settings desired by the user, which can be communicated to the control unit via corresponding input means. It is preferred that this maximum value increases in proportion to the brightness setting selected by the user and decreases in proportion to the contrast setting selected by the user. This ensures that the background brightness let through by the pane does not outshine the image to be displayed or that the contrast and the level desired by the user are not reduced.
  • the light sensors on the selected viewing direction at the front measure a sector-dependent ambient brightness and the light sensors at the rear in the viewing direction measure a sector-dependent background brightness and at least the sector-dependent brightness to regulate the transparency
  • the present invention proposes reducing the pane transparency as the background brightness increases, with the transparency being inversely proportional to the measured background brightness in one possible embodiment.
  • the regulation and contrast and/or brightness setting of the display also takes place as a function of the sector.
  • the pane of the display device according to the invention can be switched both in terms of transparency and transmissivity.
  • the present invention proposes, if visibility of the background is not desired or necessary, to use the light incident on the display device from the rear side from the viewing direction for display backlighting.
  • an LCD or TFT display is dependent on backlighting, usually by a light element from a fluorescent lamp or an LED bar.
  • the energy consumption of this additional lighting could be reduced here by reducing the relative transparency of the pane to a small value and adjusting the transmissivity in such a way that the additional energy required for backlighting is minimized.
  • a self-illuminating display for example an oLED, EL or LED display
  • backlighting is usually not required.
  • a diffuse-transmitting pane can still be used in certain situations. For example, if text or other characters are to be displayed on a white background, this can be formed by the disc that is diffusely illuminated by the background brightness. The active generation of white light by the pixels of the display belonging to the image background is no longer necessary, which helps to save energy.
  • the information display is switched over automatically from one main viewing direction to another on the basis of external parameters, such as the operating parameters of a vehicle carrying the display device.
  • the display device according to the invention is used, for example, as a display that can be viewed from inside and outside in a train window, the switchover from the main viewing direction "inside the vehicle” to "outside the vehicle” can take place on the basis of the speed and/or position of the train, with the information from the inside and below it is readable from the outside.
  • legibility relates to the appropriate choice of contrast and brightness settings, as explained above, and, on the other hand, to the mirror-symmetrically correct display of the image content, which is essential for the legibility of text information, for example.
  • the already displayed content be reversed or mirrored, but additional or different information can also be displayed.
  • information such as train speed, distance to the nearest train station, visible sights, and the like could be displayed to the passengers during the journey.
  • the display device can then switch to an external display of information such as train number, train destination, car number, seat occupancy, etc.
  • figure 1 shows, in two partial figures, schematic cross sections of two embodiments of display devices that can be viewed from one side, but which do not have all the features of claim 1.
  • Located behind the display panel 10 as seen from the main viewing direction B1 and aligned parallel to it is one (partial figure A) or two (partial figure B) transparent panes 11 whose transparency or transmissivity can be switched.
  • Light sensor 12 is shown here between pane and display, but can also be positioned behind the pane(s) when viewed from the direction of view. In any case, it measures an incident light intensity from a subspace angle of the rear hemisphere.
  • the output signal of the light sensor 12 is forwarded to a control unit 13, which controls the unit of the signal and the desired contrast and brightness settings of the display 10 and pane 11 that are fixed or can be selected by a user.
  • the control unit's response curve simply has a proportional or substantially proportional relationship between the input (light intensity) and the output (drive voltage for the electrically switchable disc), a simple and robust drive of the disc transmissivity is possible, but correct functioning depends on a precise calibration dependent on the target control. This is not the case if the light sensor is located behind the pane, as shown here. The amount of light reaching the light sensor from the background is then reduced as the transmissivity of the pane decreases, so real control must take place in which the control unit 13 adjusts the actual value of the amount of light let through to a target value. In order to avoid unwanted feedback/oscillation in the manipulated variable due to the delayed response of the disc, however, suitable damping of the control must be provided.
  • Transparency relates to the deflection of the light particles that hit the pane. If these are allowed to pass through without deflection, there is 100% transparency, whereas with a 100% diffuse pane the direction of propagation of incident light particles/rays is completely randomized, so that the direction of exiting particles/rays is in no way related to the direction of the originally in the Disc entering beam can be closed. This However, this does not rule out the possibility that all of the light that originally hit the pane can exit again on the other side, i.e.
  • a pane whose transparency can be switched is suitable for the applications mentioned at the outset, such as augmented reality or as a head-up display, but not for the energy-saving use of the amount of light applied to the display from behind as additional background lighting. It is therefore particularly suitable for combining with self-illuminating displays such as oLED, EL or LED displays.
  • the situation is different with panes that can be switched in terms of their transmissivity, i.e. the degree of transmission, with the diffusivity or transparency remaining either almost constant or at least very high even with minimal transmission.
  • An example of this are the so-called SPD panes.
  • FIG. 1B shows the two different disc types in order to achieve both goals.
  • the two different disc types are combined in order to achieve both goals.
  • this is in Figure 1B shown.
  • the control unit 13 controls the intensity information received from the light sensor 12 and the desired contrast and brightness settings entered by the viewer.
  • This combination of the two pane types advantageously makes it possible for graphics and text to be displayed in front of a clearly visible background, but also for the background brightness to be used as additional background lighting.
  • disc 11' would be switched to 100% (relative) transparency, and the brightness of the visible background would be adjusted to the light conditions with the aid of disc 11 by setting or regulating the relative transmissivity.
  • figure 2 shows two schematic cross-sectional drawings of embodiments of the display device according to the invention that can be viewed from both sides, but the one shown in sub-figure B does not have all the features of claim 1 .
  • the two possible viewing directions B1, B2 are two identical panes or two pairs of identical panes 11, 11' each arranged on different sides of the display 10. These are controlled by the control unit 13 using the light intensities recorded by light sensors 12 and incident from the respective viewing direction. It is essential here which is the active viewing direction, ie the viewing direction used by the viewer. After this has been determined, the front pane 11 or panes 11, 11' from the active direction is switched to full transparency and transmission. The control/regulation of the discs 11, 11' behind the display panel 10 takes place as in the embodiment in FIG figure 1 described.
  • figure 3 illustrates in four partial figures the control of the embodiment that can be viewed from both sides Figure 2A , In which the disc 11 can be switched to transmissivity and thus does not have all the features of claim 1 and the display 10 is self-illuminating. Full transmissivity, semi-transmissivity, and impermeability are symbolized by horizontal, oblique, and double hatching, respectively. The size of the circles in the display 10 stands for the (basic) brightness setting and the contrast between the left and right halves for the contrast setting.
  • Subfigure 3A shows the case of a bright exterior/background, symbolized by a stylized sun, and a bright interior/environment, symbolized by a lamp pictogram.
  • the rear pane 11 is set to low transmissivity and the display 10 is set to high brightness and high contrast.
  • Subfigure 3B shows the case of a bright exterior/background and a moderately bright interior/environment.
  • the rear pane 11 is set to medium transmissivity and the display 10 is set to normal brightness and normal to high contrast.
  • Partial figure 3C shows the case of a dark exterior space/background, symbolized by a crescent moon, and a less bright interior space/environment.
  • the method according to the invention provides for the rear pane 11 to be set to high transmissivity and the display 10 to be set to low brightness and low to normal contrast.
  • Partial figure 3D shows the case of a dark exterior space/background and a light interior space/environment.
  • the disc 11 lying at the rear is open a high transmissivity and to set the display 10 to normal-high brightness and normal contrast.
  • the two partial figures A and B of figure 4 illustrate two possible cases in which, despite unequal lighting conditions on both sides, simultaneous reading from both sides of an embodiment of the display device according to the invention Figure 2A can be realized, as symbolized by the two directional arrows for the main viewing directions B1 and B2.
  • the discs 11 can be switched to transmissivity here.
  • the display 11 is either self-illuminating (oLED, LED, EL) or passive (TFT).
  • Part A shows daytime operation with a bright exterior and moderately bright interior.
  • Display brightness and contrast should be high in daytime operation. However, in order not to dazzle the viewer on the darker side, the pane there must be adjusted to a lower but still high transmissivity.
  • Subfigure B illustrates nighttime operation.
  • the main difference is that the general light level is lower, and therefore the display brightness can be set lower.
  • a normal value is necessary because the observer needs a certain minimum brightness on the light inner side (the side with the lamp pictogram).
  • pane 11 is set to medium transmissivity on this side.
  • figure 5 shows another embodiment of the display device according to the present invention that can be viewed from both sides, in which the panes 11 are divided into sectors, each of which has its own brightness sensor 12 permanently assigned to the sector.
  • the sensors forward a sector and side-related measurement signal to the control unit 13, which then regulates the transparency and transmissivity of the panes according to the settings of the viewer(s).
  • the principles on which this is done are the same as set out above.
  • the advantage of this embodiment lies in the fact that sector-dependent regulation is possible, as a result of which, for example, shading or selective incidence of light can be compensated for. In order to avoid unsightly sector borders, a fairly high number of sufficiently small sectors is necessary. It makes sense for such a display device to use an LCD or TFT matrix as a switchable disk.
  • the complexity of production and control can be reduced by using larger pixels than is usual for a screen display.
  • Sub-figures A and B illustrate the daytime sub-figures C and D the night-time operation.
  • Subfigure A shows the case of shading when looking from a moderately bright environment into a bright exterior space or onto a bright background.
  • sub-figure B the viewing direction is reversed and an annoying light spot on the less bright side has to be compensated for. This happens in that only in the affected sector(s) the transmissivity is regulated down to a corresponding level.
  • Subfigure C shows how a backlit interfering light source S2 relating to a sector can be masked out in the dark outside space by darkening, i.e. switching the corresponding sector to non-transmissive.
  • the interfering light source S1 shining from the bright interior onto another sector of the front side in the viewing direction B1 is compensated for by increasing the brightness and possibly also the contrast setting of the corresponding sector of the display 10 .
  • Subfigure D shows the case from subfigure C when viewed from the opposite direction.
  • the sector irradiated by the stray light source S1 now remains completely transmitting, whereas the pane 11 lying behind the display 10 from the direction B2 is basically switched to semi-transmitting with the exception of the sector that is irradiated by the stray light source S2.
  • this is set to an even lower transmission. If the interior is not to be visible from the outside, but its brightness is to be used for backlighting (LCD-TFT display) or for providing a basic brightness, then, as already explained for the general case, the transparency must also be reduced to correspondingly low values .
  • figure 7 shows a cross section through a pixel 20 of an LED display.
  • LED 201 is mounted on circuit board 200 and emits light in at least two solid angle areas, here up and down. The light emitted downward can pass through the circuit board 200 through the hole 2001 .
  • diverging lens 202 is attached to the underside of circuit board 200 concentrically with hole 2001.

Claims (13)

  1. Afficheur, comprenant
    - un écran d'affichage avec une face avant et une face arrière, une information affichée sur l'écran d'affichage, en particulier un texte, un signe ou une image, pouvant être observée à partir d'au moins une direction d'observation principale (B1, B2), en particulier à partir d'une face avant, et l'écran d'affichage étant conçu de telle sorte qu'un observateur puisse regarder à travers l'écran d'affichage sur un arrière-plan situé derrière,
    - au moins une vitre (11) avec une transparence et une transmissivité commutables, en particulier commutables électriquement, la vitre (11) étant disposée derrière l'écran (10), vu dans la direction d'observation principale (B1, B2), la transmissivité désignant ici la part arrivant de l'autre côté d'une intensité lumineuse appliquée d'un côté, la transparence, en revanche, concerne la déviation des rayons lumineux qui arrivent sur la vitre (11), sachant que si ceux-ci sont transmis sans déviation, il y a 100% de transparence, alors que dans le cas d'une vitre 100% diffuse, on ne peut en aucun cas déduire de la direction d'un rayon lumineux sortant la direction du rayon lumineux qui est entré à l'origine dans la vitre (11), et
    - une unité de régulation (13) qui régule la transparence et la transmissivité de la vitre (11) ainsi qu'un réglage du contraste et de la luminosité de l'affichage,
    - l'écran étant un panneau d'affichage (10), et
    - -deux capteurs de lumière (12) sont présents, l'un des capteurs de lumière (12) mesurant une luminosité de fond, c'est-à-dire une intensité lumineuse provenant du demi-espace derrière la vitre, et l'autre capteur de lumière (12) mesurant une luminosité ambiante, c'est-à-dire une intensité lumineuse provenant du demi-espace devant le panneau d'affichage (10), et
    - l'unité de régulation (13) régule la transparence et la transmissivité de la vitre (11) et le réglage de la luminosité et du contraste du panneau d'affichage (10) sur la base de la luminosité de l'arrière-plan et de la luminosité ambiante mesurés par les capteurs de lumière (12) dans un tel manière à ce qu'une luminosité moyenne de l'image soit la somme d'une composante lumineuse générée par le panneau d'affichage (10) et d'une composante lumineuse transmise à travers la vitre (11) et un contraste entre les informations affichées et l'arrière-plan situé derrière la vitre (11 ) chacun correspond à une valeur de luminosité ou de contraste prédéfinie ou sélectionnable par le observateur.
  2. Afficheur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la vitre (11) dispose de plusieurs secteurs dont la transparence et la transmissivité peuvent être commutées séparément.
  3. Afficheur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les secteurs sont disposés en forme de grille.
  4. Afficheur selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, dans la mesure où il existe des secteurs non adjacents au bord de la vitre (11), les lignes de commande qui leur sont associées présentent une section transversale qui, parallèlement à une direction d'observation principale (B1, B2), présente une extension nettement plus grande que perpendiculairement à cette direction d'observation.
  5. Afficheur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il existe deux vitres (11) disposés sur des côtés opposés du panneau d'affichage (10), de sorte que le dispositif d'affichage peut être observé depuis deux directions d'observation principales opposées (B1, B2).
  6. Afficheur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le panneau d'affichage (10) est constitué soit de points d'image ou d'éléments lumineux disposés en forme de grille, soit de points d'image ou d'éléments lumineux disposés sans grille.
  7. Afficheur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le panneau d'affichage (10) est un écran LCD, TFT, EL, oLED , pLED ou LED transparent.
  8. Afficheur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les capteurs de lumière (12) sont intégrés dans l'unité de régulation (13).
  9. Afficheur selon la revendication 5, dans lequel il y a un capteur de lumière (12) par secteur commutable de la vitre (11) et par direction d'observation principale (B1, B2) du panneau d'affichage (10).
  10. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un afficheur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9, dans lequel
    - la valeur de luminosité et la valeur de contraste ainsi que, le cas échéant, la direction principale d'observation (B1, B2) sont sélectionnées par un observateur, et
    - les capteurs de lumière (12) mesurent la luminosité ambiante et la luminosité de l'arrière-plan respectivement en fonction du secteur et les transmettent à l'unité de régulation (13), et
    - l'unité de régulation (13) adapte le réglage de la luminosité et du contraste du panneau d'affichage (10) de telle sorte qu'il corresponde, pour tous les secteurs de la vitre (11), aux intensités lumineuses mesurées et aux valeurs de luminosité et de contraste préréglées ou pouvant être sélectionnées par l'observateur, et
    - des informations à représenter sont affichées sur l'écran, et
    l'unité de régulation (13) réglant la transmissivité pour tous les secteurs de la vitre (11) de telle sorte qu'une intensité lumineuse transmise soit inférieure à une valeur maximale admissible, la valeur maximale de l'intensité transmise étant proportionnelle au réglage de luminosité choisi par l'observateur.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication précédente pour faire fonctionner un afficheur selon la revendication 9, dans lequel on utilise au moins la luminosité du fond pour régler la transparence et au moins la luminosité ambiante pour régler la luminosité et le contraste du panneau d'affichage (10).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le réglage des paramètres de contraste et de luminosité du panneau d'affichage (10) est effectué séparément pour chaque secteur de la face avant dans la direction d'observation sélectionnée.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel, si l'observateur ne souhaite pas voir l'arrière-plan, la transmittance de la vitre (11) est réduite, la transmittance étant adaptée en fonction de la luminosité de l'arrière-plan mesurée par le capteur de lumière (12) sur la face arrière et de la valeur de luminosité préréglée ou pouvant être sélectionnée par l'observateur, la transmittance étant réduite lorsque la luminosité de l'arrière-plan augmente et que la valeur de luminosité diminue, et inversement étant augmentée pour une luminosité de l'arrière-plan plus faible et des valeurs de luminosité plus élevées.
EP17189386.0A 2016-09-05 2017-09-05 Afficheur à adaptation dynamique Active EP3291214B1 (fr)

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EP3590751B1 (fr) 2018-07-04 2022-04-13 Audi Ag Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'affichage d'un véhicule à moteur, module de commande, dispositif d'affichage et véhicule à moteur
DE102018220686A1 (de) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Audi Ag Vorrichtung mit einer Anzeigeeinheit und Verfahren zum Steuern einer Anzeigeeinheit

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US5773845A (en) * 1995-11-09 1998-06-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Liquid crystal display device with decreased line width and method of forming the same
JPWO2009122716A1 (ja) 2008-04-03 2011-07-28 パナソニック株式会社 情報表示装置
DE102014115531A1 (de) 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 Annax Anzeigesysteme Gmbh Anzeigevorrichtung für Schriften und Bilder zur Anbringung an Scheiben
WO2016122571A1 (fr) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Modulation dynamique pour un affichage près de l'œil

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DE102016116569A1 (de) 2018-03-08
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