EP3290608B1 - Method for assembling a construction assembly and associated construction assembly - Google Patents

Method for assembling a construction assembly and associated construction assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3290608B1
EP3290608B1 EP17189483.5A EP17189483A EP3290608B1 EP 3290608 B1 EP3290608 B1 EP 3290608B1 EP 17189483 A EP17189483 A EP 17189483A EP 3290608 B1 EP3290608 B1 EP 3290608B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
construction
construction element
assembly
contact surface
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EP17189483.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3290608A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Yvars
Vincent FOUSSARD
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Bouyer Leroux SCOP
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Bouyer Leroux Structure SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0273—Adhesive layers other than mortar between building elements
    • E04B2002/0276—Separate layers or strips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction and more precisely to the field of load-bearing and / or structuring masonry and related masonry constructions or assemblies.
  • the masonry construction elements are assembled to form sets such as walls, etc. by means of mortar.
  • This type of binder has several drawbacks. Indeed, to prepare traditional masonry or thin joint mortar, often based on hydraulic binders, you need equipment and trained labor, the preparation time is long (about 1 hour), not to mention the time. installation, drying time (7 to 28 days). In addition, this process requires the elements to be placed within a very short period of time of the order of a quarter of an hour, which corresponds to the working time after removal to ensure the assembly of the elements.
  • polyurethane foam in the face of bad weather and especially in windy weather, the foam does not stay in place on the construction element and bonding becomes impossible.
  • the doses of polyurethane foam must be limited because polyurethane foam contains isocyanates (even in small quantities) which are often toxic and reactive compounds to be handled with care and whose vapors must be strictly avoided.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a masonry assembly devoid of binder containing isocyanates or without release of isocyanates and whose structure allows rapid and simple removal whatever the external conditions.
  • the assembly method of the construction assembly according to the invention has the advantage of being non-toxic by the use of a binder free of isocyanate or free of reactive isocyanates.
  • a binder in the form of gel or mastic is advantageous because during its application to the first construction element and in contact with air, a protective film encapsulating the composition of said binder can be formed. form.
  • This protective film makes it possible to maintain the integrity of the composition of the binder in its form and its chemical properties, whatever the external conditions.
  • the protective film pierces or breaks up, releasing the composition from the binder in order to allow adhesion of the first building element with the second building element.
  • this binder allows the installer to work in two ways, that is to say poses elements before or after the formation of the film and without exceeding the duration of hardening at the heart of the binder recommended by the manufacturer. , generally of the order of half an hour.
  • the term “binder” is understood to mean an element which is suitable for binding, for holding together various elements, for ensuring their cohesion or their union and which gives the bonding area of the elements to each other high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear resistance and sealing.
  • gel is understood to mean a solid which can have properties ranging from soft and ductile to hard and brittle.
  • gels are defined as highly diluted entangled systems showing no flow when at steady state. In bulk, gels are mainly made up of liquid, yet they behave like solids thanks to their three-dimensional network entangled within the liquid. It is these tangles that give gels their structure (hardness) and contribute to their adhesion.
  • the term “mastic” is understood to mean a kind of plastic paste, obtained by mixing various synthetic or natural substances which give it certain mechanical qualities, in particular a very high viscosity.
  • the binder regardless of the form in which the binder is presented: gel or mastic, the latter has enhanced properties and in particular making it possible to give the bonding zone of the elements to each other high mechanical adhesion qualities, shear strength and sealing.
  • composition devoid of isocyanates is understood to mean a composition which is produced without isocyanate or else a composition which has a sufficiently high degree of purity so that no release of isocyanate vapor is released from all of the isocyanates. construction neither during nor after installation.
  • the binder is free before polymerization of products toxic to humans.
  • the chemical formulation of the non-toxic binder also makes it possible to guarantee the durability of the performance during the service life of the structure (of the order of 50 years) or even to improve it over time, unlike the hydraulic binders whose mechanical performance stabilizes at best.
  • the binder is does not release esters or derivatives of phthalic acid or alcohols or derivatives of alcohols.
  • the formulation of the binder is such that the notions of shrinkage and creep do not exist in the medium and long term, unlike cement-based hydraulic binders, of which we know the impact of these characteristics on the mechanical performance in the medium and long term.
  • the binder comprises a protective membrane in the form of a plate, pocket or bead encapsulating, as soon as it is applied, a core of active material, said protective membrane being configured to disintegrate or s '' incorporate in the active material so as not to screen the bonding.
  • the core of active material can be released from the protective membrane, for example by spraying water before fitting the construction element.
  • the membrane can be water soluble.
  • the protective membrane is liable to disintegrate or to pierce, thus freeing the core of active material, by applying pressure to the latter during the installation of the upper construction element or adjacent to said protective membrane.
  • the binder used can be of a composition similar or identical to the binder of the brand Fix'bric® or Opti'fix®.
  • the contact surface of the first construction element and / or the contact surface of the second construction element is at least partially planar.
  • the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the first construction element and / or the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the second construction element is at least partially in relief.
  • the consistency of the binder close to a gel or a mastic and the absence of shrinkage on drying makes it possible to absorb the difference in dimensional tolerances and roughness of the contact surfaces of the upper element with the two adjacent elements of the rectified elements while maintaining the mechanical properties in the main part or at the level of a junction with an accessory.
  • the relief may be a relief in the form of a fitting member.
  • the difference in flatness of the contact surface intended to receive the binder is less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder.
  • the binder is an epoxy or acrylic or geopolymer or mono or two-component or organic gel.
  • the binder is a polyurethane.
  • the first construction element and / or the second construction element is cellular.
  • the binder is applied only to the horizontal faces of a construction element at least partially, whether the construction element is solid or honeycomb, which makes it possible to reinforce the structure mechanically. compared to horizontal forces such as earthquakes.
  • gluing only the horizontal faces makes it possible to adjust the quantity of binder as a function of the forces calculated to optimize the consumption of binder on site or in the factory.
  • the European construction regulations such as Eurocode 8 impose in a seismic zone the realization of vertical joints when the assembly is based on traditional hydraulic binders, the assembly system according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with this thanks to the mechanical properties of the binder.
  • the binder can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the element. construction or over the entire surface of the side of the construction element.
  • the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s).
  • a first bead of binder can be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge and a second bead can be positioned opposite the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge.
  • the binder cords can be positioned asymmetrically.
  • one of the two outer edges of the element is devoid of binder.
  • the wall presents an aesthetic and / or a homogeneous support for a plaster or paint finish which would require it.
  • the contact surface of the first construction element is in relief and cooperates with a complementary relief formed on the contact surface of the second construction element.
  • the application of the binder is carried out preferably by manual gun or with mechanical, pneumatic and / or electric assistance.
  • the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container at atmospheric pressure.
  • each construction element can be made of terracotta, concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete or expanded clay, composite concrete, concrete based on plant fibers, cellular concrete, PVC, aluminum, wood, etc. ...
  • the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element on the binder after application of the binder on the first construction element.
  • an intermediate element advantageously makes it possible to increase the mechanical performance (shear for example) or the acoustic performance of the construction assembly.
  • the assembly method according to the invention allows prefabrication in the factory of panels or walls or assemblies of great height and / or of large format.
  • the construction assembly 100 comprises at least a first construction element 1 and a second construction element 2 linked to each other by a binder 3, as can be seen from the eyes. figures 7 to 22 , 24 , 27 .
  • the binder is in the form of a gel or of a mastic as can be seen in figure 23 and in figure 25 .
  • the application of the binder 3 can be carried out on a cellular contact surface at the level of the junctions 5 of the cells 6 of the same construction element 1, 2 as illustrated in Figures 1A to 6B .
  • the examples of binder applications shown in Figures 1A to 6B are not limiting and illustrate only part of the possibilities of application according to the invention.
  • the application of the binder 3 can also be carried out on one side of the construction element as illustrated in figures 7 to 21 .
  • the side of the first construction element 1 is plane and identical to the side of the second construction element 2.
  • These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder.
  • the binder can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a cord extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element.
  • the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface.
  • the side of the second construction element 2 is in relief 2a and different from the side of the first construction element 1. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder 3.
  • the binder 3 can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element. element of construction.
  • the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s) 1a, 2a.
  • the side of the first construction element 1 is in relief 1a and cooperates with a complementary relief 2a formed on the side of the second construction element 2.
  • These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder.
  • the binder may be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side. of the construction element.
  • the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s).
  • the assembly method comprises an additional step consisting in the installation of an intermediate element 4 positioned between the first construction element 1 and the second construction element 2, said intermediate element allowing an increase in the mechanical or acoustic performance of the device. construction set 100.
  • This additional step is illustrated in figure 26 .
  • the step of laying the intermediate element 4 is carried out after the application of the binder 3 as illustrated in figure 25 and the result: a reinforced construction set is illustrated in figure 27 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction et plus précisément le domaine de la maçonnerie porteuse et/ou structurante et des constructions ou montages de maçonnerie relatifs.The present invention relates to the field of construction and more precisely to the field of load-bearing and / or structuring masonry and related masonry constructions or assemblies.

De manière classique les éléments de constructions de maçonnerie sont assemblés pour former des ensembles tels que des murs, etc. au moyen de mortier. Ce type de liant présente plusieurs inconvénients. En effet, pour préparer du mortier à maçonnerie traditionnelle ou à joint mince, souvent à base de liants hydrauliques, il faut un équipement et de la main d'œuvre formée, le temps de préparation est long (environ 1h), sans compter le temps de pose, le temps de séchage (7 à 28 jours). De plus, ce procédé impose de poser les éléments dans un délai très court de l'ordre du quart d'heure ce qui correspond au temps d'emploi après dépose pour assurer l'assemblage des éléments.Conventionally, the masonry construction elements are assembled to form sets such as walls, etc. by means of mortar. This type of binder has several drawbacks. Indeed, to prepare traditional masonry or thin joint mortar, often based on hydraulic binders, you need equipment and trained labor, the preparation time is long (about 1 hour), not to mention the time. installation, drying time (7 to 28 days). In addition, this process requires the elements to be placed within a very short period of time of the order of a quarter of an hour, which corresponds to the working time after removal to ensure the assembly of the elements.

En outre, lors d'intempéries, il n'est pas possible ou très peu possible de poser du mortier et d'assembler les éléments de construction, la pluie pouvant dégrader les performances du liant mortier et le vent nécessite une rapidité d'exécution qui n'est pas idéale.In addition, in bad weather, it is not possible or very little possible to lay mortar and assemble the construction elements, the rain can degrade the performance of the mortar binder and the wind requires a speed of execution which is not ideal.

En remplacement du mortier, il est possible d'utiliser des liants de type mousse en polyuréthane. Ce type de liant présente l'avantage de se déposer plus facilement que le mortier sans temps de préparation avec un temps de séchage réduit par rapport à celui du mortier. Cependant, ce procédé impose de poser les éléments quasi-immédiatement après dépose car la rétractation de la mousse est rapide ce qui réduit son pouvoir de collage.As a replacement for the mortar, it is possible to use polyurethane foam type binders. This type of binder has the advantage of settling more easily than mortar without preparation time with a reduced drying time compared to that of mortar. However, this process requires the elements to be placed almost immediately after removal because the retraction of the foam is rapid, which reduces its bonding power.

De plus, face aux intempéries et notamment par temps venteux, la mousse ne reste pas en place sur l'élément de construction et le collage devient impossible. En outre, les doses de mousse polyuréthane doivent être limitées car la mousse polyuréthane contient des isocyanates (même en faible quantité) qui sont des composés souvent toxiques et réactifs à manipuler avec précaution et dont les vapeurs doivent être strictement évitées.In addition, in the face of bad weather and especially in windy weather, the foam does not stay in place on the construction element and bonding becomes impossible. In addition, the doses of polyurethane foam must be limited because polyurethane foam contains isocyanates (even in small quantities) which are often toxic and reactive compounds to be handled with care and whose vapors must be strictly avoided.

Le document GB2323394 A divulgue un procédé de montage d'un ensemble de construction comprenant au moins un premier élément de construction et au moins un deuxième élément de construction liés l'un à l'autre par un liant, ledit procédé de montage comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture du premier élément de construction,
  • fourniture du liant,
  • application du liant sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction,
  • fourniture du deuxième élément de construction,
  • mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant du premier élément de construction avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction de sorte que le liant soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction et le deuxième élément de construction,
  • assemblage des deux éléments de construction en exerçant une pression.
The document GB2323394 A discloses a method of assembling a construction assembly comprising at least a first construction element and at least a second construction element linked to each other by a binder, said assembly method comprising the following steps:
  • supply of the first construction element,
  • supply of the binder,
  • application of the binder to at least part of a surface of the first construction element intended to be in contact with the second construction element of the construction assembly,
  • supply of the second construction element,
  • contacting the binder-provided surface of the first building element with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element so that the binder either arranged at least partially between the first construction element and the second construction element,
  • assembly of the two construction elements by exerting pressure.

L'invention a pour but de remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients précités en proposant un ensemble de maçonnerie dépourvu de liant contenant des isocyanates ou sans libération d'isocyanates et dont la structure permet une dépose rapide, simple quelles que soient les conditions extérieures.The object of the invention is to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a masonry assembly devoid of binder containing isocyanates or without release of isocyanates and whose structure allows rapid and simple removal whatever the external conditions.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de montage d'un ensemble de construction comprenant au moins un premier élément de construction et au moins un deuxième élément de construction liés l'un à l'autre par un liant, ledit procédé de montage comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture du premier élément de construction,
  • fourniture du liant,
  • application du liant sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction, le liant se présentant sous une forme de gel ou de mastic, ledit liant ayant une composition dépourvue d'isocyanates ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs,
  • fourniture du deuxième élément de construction,
  • mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant du premier élément de construction avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction de sorte que le liant soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction et le deuxième élément de construction,
  • assemblage des deux éléments de construction en exerçant une pression.
The subject of the invention is a method for assembling a construction assembly comprising at least a first construction element and at least a second construction element linked to one another by a binder, said assembly method comprising the following steps :
  • supply of the first construction element,
  • supply of the binder,
  • application of the binder to at least part of a surface of the first construction element intended to be in contact with the second construction element of the construction assembly, the binder being in the form of a gel or mastic, said binder having a composition devoid of isocyanates or devoid of reactive isocyanates,
  • supply of the second construction element,
  • contacting the binder-provided surface of the first building element with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element so that the binder is at least partially arranged between the first building element and the second building element ,
  • assembly of the two construction elements by exerting pressure.

Le procédé de montage de l'ensemble de construction selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être non toxique de par l'utilisation d'un liant sans isocyanate ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs. En outre, l'utilisation d'un liant se présentant sous la forme de gel ou de mastic est avantageuse car lors de son application sur le premier élément de construction et au contact de l'air une pellicule protectrice encapsulant la composition dudit liant peut se former. Cette pellicule protectrice permet de conserver l'intégrité de la composition du liant dans sa forme et ses propriétés chimiques, quelles que soient les conditions extérieures. Lors de l'assemblage, la pellicule protectrice se perce ou se désagrège, libérant la composition du liant afin de permettre adhésion du premier élément de construction avec le deuxième élément de construction.The assembly method of the construction assembly according to the invention has the advantage of being non-toxic by the use of a binder free of isocyanate or free of reactive isocyanates. In addition, the use of a binder in the form of gel or mastic is advantageous because during its application to the first construction element and in contact with air, a protective film encapsulating the composition of said binder can be formed. form. This protective film makes it possible to maintain the integrity of the composition of the binder in its form and its chemical properties, whatever the external conditions. During assembly, the protective film pierces or breaks up, releasing the composition from the binder in order to allow adhesion of the first building element with the second building element.

De cette manière, la formulation de ce liant permet au poseur de travailler de deux manières c'est-à-dire pose des éléments avant ou après la formation de la pellicule et sans dépasser la durée de durcissement à cœur du liant préconisée par le fabricant, généralement de l'ordre de la demi-heure.In this way, the formulation of this binder allows the installer to work in two ways, that is to say poses elements before or after the formation of the film and without exceeding the duration of hardening at the heart of the binder recommended by the manufacturer. , generally of the order of half an hour.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « liant », un élément qui est propre à lier, à maintenir ensemble différents éléments, à assurer leur cohésion ou leur union et qui confère à la zone de collage des éléments entre eux de hautes qualités mécaniques d'adhérence, de résistance au cisaillement et d'étanchéité.In the present invention, the term “binder” is understood to mean an element which is suitable for binding, for holding together various elements, for ensuring their cohesion or their union and which gives the bonding area of the elements to each other high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear resistance and sealing.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « gel », un solide qui peut avoir des propriétés allant de mou et ductile à dur et cassant. D'après une définition courante du dictionnaire, les gels sont définis comme des systèmes enchevêtrés très dilués ne présentant aucun écoulement lorsqu'ils sont à l'état stable. En masse, les gels sont principalement constitués de liquide, pourtant ils se comportent comme des solides grâce à leur réseau tridimensionnel enchevêtré au sein du liquide. Ce sont ces enchevêtrements qui donnent aux gels leur structure (dureté) et contribuent à leur adhérence.In the present invention, the term “gel” is understood to mean a solid which can have properties ranging from soft and ductile to hard and brittle. By a common dictionary definition, gels are defined as highly diluted entangled systems showing no flow when at steady state. In bulk, gels are mainly made up of liquid, yet they behave like solids thanks to their three-dimensional network entangled within the liquid. It is these tangles that give gels their structure (hardness) and contribute to their adhesion.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « mastic » une sorte de pâte plastique, obtenue par mélange de différentes substances synthétiques ou naturelles qui lui confèrent certaines qualités mécaniques, notamment une viscosité très élevée.In the present invention, the term “mastic” is understood to mean a kind of plastic paste, obtained by mixing various synthetic or natural substances which give it certain mechanical qualities, in particular a very high viscosity.

Selon l'invention, quelle que soit la forme sous laquelle le liant se présente : gel ou mastic, ce dernier présente des propriétés augmentées et notamment permettant de conférer à la zone de collage des éléments entre eux de hautes qualités mécaniques d'adhérence, de résistance au cisaillement et d'étanchéité.According to the invention, regardless of the form in which the binder is presented: gel or mastic, the latter has enhanced properties and in particular making it possible to give the bonding zone of the elements to each other high mechanical adhesion qualities, shear strength and sealing.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « composition dépourvue d'isocyanates » une composition qui est réalisée sans isocyanate ou bien une composition qui présente un degré de pureté suffisamment élevé pour qu'aucun dégagement de vapeur isocyanates ne se libère de l'ensemble de construction ni pendant ni après la pose.In the present invention, the term “composition devoid of isocyanates” is understood to mean a composition which is produced without isocyanate or else a composition which has a sufficiently high degree of purity so that no release of isocyanate vapor is released from all of the isocyanates. construction neither during nor after installation.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est dépourvu avant polymérisation de produits toxiques pour l'homme. Avantageusement, la formulation chimique du liant non toxique permet également de garantir la durabilité de la performance pendant la durée de vie de l'ouvrage (de l'ordre de 50 ans) voire de l'améliorer dans le temps, à l'inverse des liants hydrauliques dont la performance mécanique se stabilise dans le meilleur des cas.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is free before polymerization of products toxic to humans. Advantageously, the chemical formulation of the non-toxic binder also makes it possible to guarantee the durability of the performance during the service life of the structure (of the order of 50 years) or even to improve it over time, unlike the hydraulic binders whose mechanical performance stabilizes at best.

En outre, le liant est ne libère pas d'esters ou de dérivés d'acide phtalique ou d'alcools ou dérivés d'alcools.In addition, the binder is does not release esters or derivatives of phthalic acid or alcohols or derivatives of alcohols.

Par ailleurs, et selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la formulation du liant est telle que les notions de retrait et de fluage n'existent pas à moyen et long terme, à l'inverse des liants hydrauliques à base de ciment dont on connait l'incidence de ces caractéristiques sur la performance mécanique à moyen et long terme.Furthermore, and according to one embodiment of the invention, the formulation of the binder is such that the notions of shrinkage and creep do not exist in the medium and long term, unlike cement-based hydraulic binders, of which we know the impact of these characteristics on the mechanical performance in the medium and long term.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant comprend une membrane de protection sous forme de plaque, de poche ou de bourrelet encapsulant, dès son application, un cœur de matière active, ladite membrane de protection étant configurée pour se désagréger ou s'incorporer dans la matière active pour ne pas faire écran au collage. Avantageusement, le cœur de matière active peut se libérer de la membrane de protection par exemple par pulvérisation d'eau avant la pose de l'élément de construction. Par exemple, la membrane peut être hydrosoluble.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder comprises a protective membrane in the form of a plate, pocket or bead encapsulating, as soon as it is applied, a core of active material, said protective membrane being configured to disintegrate or s '' incorporate in the active material so as not to screen the bonding. Advantageously, the core of active material can be released from the protective membrane, for example by spraying water before fitting the construction element. For example, the membrane can be water soluble.

Alternativement ou en complément, la membrane de protection est susceptible de se désagréger ou de se percer, libérant ainsi le cœur de matière active, par l'application d'une pression sur cette dernière lors de la pose de l'élément de construction supérieur ou adjacent sur ladite membrane de protection.Alternatively or in addition, the protective membrane is liable to disintegrate or to pierce, thus freeing the core of active material, by applying pressure to the latter during the installation of the upper construction element or adjacent to said protective membrane.

Avantageusement, le liant utilisé peut être d'une composition similaire ou identique au liant de la marque Fix'bric® ou Opti'fix®.Advantageously, the binder used can be of a composition similar or identical to the binder of the brand Fix'bric® or Opti'fix®.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface de contact du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement plane.According to one embodiment of the invention, the contact surface of the first construction element and / or the contact surface of the second construction element is at least partially planar.

Alternativement, la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement en relief.Alternatively, the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the first construction element and / or the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the second construction element is at least partially in relief.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la consistance du liant proche d'un gel ou d'un mastic et l'absence de retrait au séchage permet d'absorber la différence de tolérances dimensionnelles et d'aspérité de surfaces de contact de l'élément supérieur avec les deux 2 éléments adjacents des éléments rectifiés tout en conservant les propriétés mécaniques en partie courante ou au niveau d'une jonction avec un accessoire.According to one embodiment of the invention, the consistency of the binder close to a gel or a mastic and the absence of shrinkage on drying makes it possible to absorb the difference in dimensional tolerances and roughness of the contact surfaces of the upper element with the two adjacent elements of the rectified elements while maintaining the mechanical properties in the main part or at the level of a junction with an accessory.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le relief peut être un relief sous forme d'un organe d'emboitement.According to one embodiment of the invention, the relief may be a relief in the form of a fitting member.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'écart de planéité de la surface de contact destinée à recevoir le liant est inférieur ou égal à 1mm.According to one embodiment of the invention, the difference in flatness of the contact surface intended to receive the binder is less than or equal to 1 mm.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est un liant non-hydraulique non polyuréthane.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est un gel époxy ou acrylique ou géo-polymère ou mono ou bi-composant ou organique.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is an epoxy or acrylic or geopolymer or mono or two-component or organic gel.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est un polyuréthane.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is a polyurethane.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le premier élément de construction et/ou le deuxième élément de construction est alvéolaire.According to one embodiment of the invention, the first construction element and / or the second construction element is cellular.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est appliqué uniquement sur les faces horizontales d'un élément de construction de manière au moins partielle, que l'élément de construction soit plein ou alvéolé, ce qui permet de renforcer la structure mécaniquement par rapport aux efforts horizontaux tels que des séismes. En outre, le collage uniquement des faces horizontales permet d'ajuster la quantité de liant en fonction des efforts calculés pour optimiser la consommation de liant sur chantier ou en usine. Par ailleurs, le règlement de construction européen tel que l'Eurocode 8 impose en zone de sismicité la réalisation de joints verticaux lorsque le montage est à base de liants hydrauliques traditionnels, le système de montage selon l'invention permet de s'en affranchir grâce aux propriétés mécaniques du liant.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is applied only to the horizontal faces of a construction element at least partially, whether the construction element is solid or honeycomb, which makes it possible to reinforce the structure mechanically. compared to horizontal forces such as earthquakes. In addition, gluing only the horizontal faces makes it possible to adjust the quantity of binder as a function of the forces calculated to optimize the consumption of binder on site or in the factory. In addition, the European construction regulations such as Eurocode 8 impose in a seismic zone the realization of vertical joints when the assembly is based on traditional hydraulic binders, the assembly system according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with this thanks to the mechanical properties of the binder.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the element. construction or over the entire surface of the side of the construction element.

Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs.Advantageously, the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s).

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, un premier cordon de liant peut être positionné sur un premier bord extérieur longitudinal et un deuxième cordon peut être positionné en regard du premier cordon sur un bord extéieur longitudinal opposé au premier bord.According to one embodiment of the invention, a first bead of binder can be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge and a second bead can be positioned opposite the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés de manière asymétrique.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder cords can be positioned asymmetrically.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'un des deux bords extérieurs de l'élement est dépourvu de liant. De cette manière, la paroi présente une esthétique et/ou un support homogène pour une finition d'enduit ou de peinture qui le nécessiterait.According to one embodiment of the invention, one of the two outer edges of the element is devoid of binder. In this way, the wall presents an aesthetic and / or a homogeneous support for a plaster or paint finish which would require it.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface de contact du premier élément de construction est en relief et coopère avec un relief complémentaire formé sur la surface de contact du deuxième élément de construction.According to one embodiment of the invention, the contact surface of the first construction element is in relief and cooperates with a complementary relief formed on the contact surface of the second construction element.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'application du liant est réalisée préférentiellement par pistolet manuel ou à assistance mécanique, pneumatique et/ou électrique.According to one embodiment of the invention, the application of the binder is carried out preferably by manual gun or with mechanical, pneumatic and / or electric assistance.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'application du liant est réalisée préférentiellement au moyen d'un contenant sous pression atmosphérique.According to one embodiment of the invention, the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container at atmospheric pressure.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, chaque élément de construction peut être réalisé en terre cuite, béton, béton de granulats légers ou d'argile expansée, béton composites, béton à base de fibres végétales, béton cellulaire, PVC, aluminium, bois, etc. ...According to one embodiment of the invention, each construction element can be made of terracotta, concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete or expanded clay, composite concrete, concrete based on plant fibers, cellular concrete, PVC, aluminum, wood, etc. ...

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de pose d'un élément intermédiaire sur le liant après application du liant sur le premier élément de construction. L'ajout d'un élément intermédiaire permet avantageusement d'augmenter les performances mécaniques (cisaillement par exemple) ou les performances acoustiques de l'ensemble de construction.According to one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element on the binder after application of the binder on the first construction element. The addition of an intermediate element advantageously makes it possible to increase the mechanical performance (shear for example) or the acoustic performance of the construction assembly.

Avantageusement, le procédé de montage selon l'invention permet un montage préfabrication en usine de panneaux ou parois ou ensembles de grande hauteur et/ou de grand format.Advantageously, the assembly method according to the invention allows prefabrication in the factory of panels or walls or assemblies of great height and / or of large format.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation selon la présente invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels:

  • les figures 1A à 6B représentent différentes applications du liant sur la surface de contact (vue de dessus) d'un élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction selon l'invention,
  • les figures 7 à 9 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe horizontale ou transversale selon le sens des alvéoles s'il y en a, et dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact plane,
  • les figures 10 à 12 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact différente,
  • les figures 13 à 21 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact comprenant un relief,
  • la figure 22 est un schéma du procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 23 illustre l'étape d'application du liant selon le procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 24 illustre l'étape d'assemblage de l'ensemble de construction selon le procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 25 illustre une étape d'application du liant selon une variante du procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 26 illustre une étape de pose d'un élément intermédiaire sur la couche de liant déposée en figure 25,
  • la figure 27 illustre l'étape d'assemblage de l'ensemble de construction selon la variante du procédé de montage selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood, thanks to the description below, which relates to embodiments according to the present invention, given by way of non-limiting examples and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • the figures 1A to 6B show different applications of the binder on the contact surface (top view) of a construction element of the construction assembly according to the invention,
  • the figures 7 to 9 show different applications of the binder for a construction assembly in transverse view in horizontal or transverse section according to the direction of the cells if there are any, and whose construction elements have a flat contact surface,
  • the figures 10 to 12 show different applications of the binder for a building assembly in cross-sectional view of which the building elements have a different contact surface,
  • the figures 13 to 21 show different applications of the binder for a construction assembly in cross-sectional view, the construction elements of which have a contact surface comprising a relief,
  • the figure 22 is a diagram of the assembly method according to the invention,
  • the figure 23 illustrates the step of applying the binder according to the assembly method according to the invention,
  • the figure 24 illustrates the step of assembling the construction assembly according to the assembly method according to the invention,
  • the figure 25 illustrates a step of applying the binder according to a variant of the assembly method according to the invention,
  • the figure 26 illustrates a step of laying an intermediate element on the binder layer deposited in figure 25 ,
  • the figure 27 illustrates the step of assembling the construction assembly according to the variant of the assembly method according to the invention.

Selon l'invention, l'ensemble de construction 100 comprend au minimum un premier élément de construction 1 et un deuxième élément de construction 2 liés l'un à l'autre par un liant 3, comme visible aux figures 7 à 22, 24, 27.According to the invention, the construction assembly 100 comprises at least a first construction element 1 and a second construction element 2 linked to each other by a binder 3, as can be seen from the eyes. figures 7 to 22 , 24 , 27 .

Selon l'invention, on monte l'ensemble de construction 100 selon les étapes suivantes et comme illustré notamment aux figures 22 à 24:

  • fourniture du premier élément de construction 1,
  • fourniture du liant 3,
  • application du liant 3 sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction 1 destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction 2 de l'ensemble de construction 100.
  • fourniture du deuxième élément de construction 2,
  • mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant 3 du premier élément de construction 1 avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction 2 de sorte que le liant 3 soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction 1 et le deuxième élément de construction 2,
  • assemblage des deux éléments de construction 1, 2 en exerçant une pression.
According to the invention, the construction assembly 100 is assembled according to the following steps and as illustrated in particular in figures 22 to 24 :
  • supply of the first construction element 1,
  • supply of binder 3,
  • application of the binder 3 on at least part of a surface of the first construction element 1 intended to be in contact with the second construction element 2 of the construction assembly 100.
  • supply of the second construction element 2,
  • bringing the surface provided with the binder 3 of the first building element 1 into contact with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element 2 so that the binder 3 is at least partially arranged between the first building element 1 and the second construction element 2,
  • assembly of the two construction elements 1, 2 by exerting pressure.

Selon l'invention, le liant se présente sous la forme d'un gel ou d'un mastic comme on peut le voir en figure 23 et en figure 25.According to the invention, the binder is in the form of a gel or of a mastic as can be seen in figure 23 and in figure 25 .

L'application du liant 3 peut être réalisée sur une surface de contact alvéolée au niveau des jonctions 5 des alvéoles 6 d'un même élément de construction 1, 2 comme illustré aux Figures 1A à 6B. Les exemples d'applications de liant représentés aux Figures 1A à 6B ne sont pas limitatifs et n'illustrent qu'une partie des possibilités d'application selon l'invention.The application of the binder 3 can be carried out on a cellular contact surface at the level of the junctions 5 of the cells 6 of the same construction element 1, 2 as illustrated in Figures 1A to 6B . The examples of binder applications shown in Figures 1A to 6B are not limiting and illustrate only part of the possibilities of application according to the invention.

Par ailleurs, l'application du liant 3 peut également être réalisée sur un côté de l'élément de construction comme illustré aux figures 7 à 21. Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 7 à 9, le côté du premier élément de construction 1 est plan et identique au côté du deuxième élément de construction 2. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant. Le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact.Furthermore, the application of the binder 3 can also be carried out on one side of the construction element as illustrated in figures 7 to 21 . In the examples shown in figures 7 to 9 , the side of the first construction element 1 is plane and identical to the side of the second construction element 2. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder. The binder can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a cord extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element. Advantageously, the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface.

Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 10 à 12, le côté du deuxième élément de construction 2 est en relief 2a et différent du côté du premier élément de construction 1. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant 3. Le liant 3 peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs la, 2a.In the examples shown in figures 10 to 12 , the side of the second construction element 2 is in relief 2a and different from the side of the first construction element 1. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder 3. The binder 3 can be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element. element of construction. Advantageously, the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s) 1a, 2a.

Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 13 à 21, le côté du premier élément de construction 1 est en relief la et coopère avec un relief 2a complémentaire formé sur le côté du deuxième élément de construction 2. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant. Le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs.In the examples shown in figures 13 to 21 , the side of the first construction element 1 is in relief 1a and cooperates with a complementary relief 2a formed on the side of the second construction element 2. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder. The binder may be applied in spots or in a bead extending all the way along the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side. of the construction element. Advantageously, the binder cords can be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief (s).

En variante, le procédé de montage comprend une étape supplémentaire consistant en la pose d'un élément intermédiaire 4 positionné entre le premier élément de construction 1 et le deuxième élément de construction 2, ledit élément intermédiaire permettant une augmentation des performances mécaniques ou acoustiques de l'ensemble de construction 100. Cette étape supplémentaire est illustrée en figure 26. Selon la variante du procédé, l'étape de pose de l'élément intermédiaire 4 est réalisée après l'application du liant 3 comme illustré en figure 25 et le résultat obtenu : un ensemble de construction renforcé est illustré en figure 27.As a variant, the assembly method comprises an additional step consisting in the installation of an intermediate element 4 positioned between the first construction element 1 and the second construction element 2, said intermediate element allowing an increase in the mechanical or acoustic performance of the device. construction set 100. This additional step is illustrated in figure 26 . According to the variant of the method, the step of laying the intermediate element 4 is carried out after the application of the binder 3 as illustrated in figure 25 and the result: a reinforced construction set is illustrated in figure 27 .

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux figures annexées. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du cadre des revendications annexées.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the appended figures. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution. technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for mounting a construction assembly (100) comprising at least one first construction element (1) and at least one second construction element (2) linked to each other by a binder (3), said mounting method comprising the following steps of:
    - supplying the first construction element,
    - supplying the binder,
    - applying the binder on at least one portion of a surface of the first construction element intended to be in contact with the second construction element of the construction assembly, the binder being in the form of a gel or mastic, said binder having a composition devoid of isocyanates or devoid of reactive isocyanates,
    - supplying the second construction element,
    - contacting the surface provided with the binder of the first construction element with at least one portion of a surface of the second construction element so that the binder is arranged at least partially between the first construction element and the second construction element,
    - assembling the two construction elements by exerting a pressure.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the first construction element and/or the contact surface of the second construction element is at least partially planar.
  3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the first construction element and/or the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the second construction element is at least partially in relief (1a, 2a).
  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first construction element and/or the second construction element is of the cellular type (6).
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container under atmospheric pressure.
  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element (4) on the binder after application of the binder on the first construction element.
  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a first bead of binder can be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge of the first construction element and a second bead can be positioned opposite the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge.
  8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder.
  9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the binder is a polyurethane.
EP17189483.5A 2016-09-05 2017-09-05 Method for assembling a construction assembly and associated construction assembly Active EP3290608B1 (en)

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ANONYMOUS: "Directive 2000/39/CE de la commission", JOURNAL OFFICIEL DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, no. L142/47, 16 February 2000 (2000-02-16), pages 1 - 4, XP093106565
ANONYMOUS: "Directive 2006/15/CE de la commission ", JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE ['UNION EUROPEENNE, no. L38/36, 9 February 2006 (2006-02-09), pages 1 - 4, XP093106574
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