FR3031997A1 - PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A WOOD FRAME BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

A prefabricated building element (1A) constituting a wood frame building comprises: - high and low rails forming two edges of the element (1A), - two panels (9, 10) full, parallel, connecting the smooth high and low and one of whose faces forms at least one visible face of the element (1 A) when the latter is in place in a building, - amounts (4) wood fixed by their ends to the high and low smooth and now these last parallels, the uprights (4) being fixed on the opposite faces of the panels (9, 10) and arranged in staggered rows, an insulating material (130) disposed in the free spaces delimited by the uprights (4), the panels (9, 10) and the rails. The insulating material is in the form of at least one rigid plate (130) formed of at least one insulating material.

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated building element constituting a timber-framed building. The term building here designates any construction, for special purpose, professional, commercial, industrial or agricultural, whatever the size of this building. By way of a preferred example, mention may be made of single-family houses or chalets for leisure purposes .By prefabricated building element constituting a building, here is meant an element intended to form at least part of an outer wall or of a building, whether the wall is vertical as a wall or horizontal as a floor or ceiling or a roof panel.Wooden frame buildings are lightweight structures, quick to Due to the nature of the materials used, the thermal insulation of this type of building should be optimized by limiting thermal bridges as much as possible, knowing that the thermal insulation of timber frame buildings is already comparable. For this, we know from FR-A-2 622 617 a prefabricated construction element - ec, in the central position, a wood blade su, lacluelle are fixed in staggered, su r each side of the blade, beams that support high and low rails. A thermal insulation, ii.I fill the spaces of the element. Here, the central blade j: artic-'2e insulation but weighs the element while making more complex manufacturing. FR-A-2 987 635 also discloses a prefabricated construction element of a timber wall without a thermal bridge. Here spacers stiffen the beams that support the high and low rails. The beams are staggered on braces, an insulation filling the free spaces of the element. This element is intended to be placed on a concrete slab. Under these conditions, the invention aims to provide another type of construction element for timber frame building, without thermal bridge, easy to fel and 3031997 2 to achieve any type of wall. To this end, the subject of the invention is a prefabricated building element constituting a building in Osse Eure, comprising: high and low rails, with two edges of the element, two solid panels, parallel connecting the high and low rails and one of the faces forms at least one visible face of the element when the latter is in place in a building, wooden uprights fixed by their ends to the high smooth and;?, and now these The last parallels, the uprights being fixed to the panels opposite and arranged in staggered rows, an insulating material disposed in the free spaces delimited by the uprights, the panels and the rails, characterized in that the insulating material and under at least one rigid plate formed of at least one insulating material.

In this way, the insulation is easy and quick to implement, the occupation of the free spaces by the insulation is optimized, without loss or overconsumption of material. In addition, the fact that the plate can be of multi-material type makes it possible to adapt the insulation of the prefabricated element. Moreover, the rigidity of the insulating material also contributes to the rigidity.

According to advantageous but non-obligatory aspects of the invention, such a construction element may comprise one or more of the following features: It comprises at least two plates whose facing faces are not in contact with each other, defining between them a free space. - The two plates are identical and same nature. The two plates are of slow nature. - The two plates have different thicknesses. - Each plate is formed of at least two different materials. - The element is configured in L. - The element comprises on at least one side a bracing panel or 30 decorative effect.

The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the two annexes in which: FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a construction element according to an embodiment of the invention, the insulating material not being represented and the upper arm being in pre-assembly position for FIG. 2 is a top view, in longitudinal section, partly and on a larger scale, of a construction element according to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. plan view, in longitudinal section, partial and on the same scale as FIG. 2, of a construction element according to another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view, and on another scale, of two construction elements according to the embodiment of FIG. 2, in the mounted position as a side wall and as a floor in a timber frame building and FIG. 5 is a top view in partial section and on another scale, two construction elements according to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, 20 in the mounted position as the corner wall of a building. The invention will be described with reference to a prefabricated building element for forming a wall in a building, whether it be an interior wall or wall or an exterior wall or wall or a wall panel. roof. As a result, the terms wall, wall or partition will subsequently be used interchangeably to designate a frame (1). FIG. 1 illustrates a prefabricated building element 1 for a timber frame building. It includes a smooth 2 called smooth low. It is a wooden board, generally from 0.30 m to 12 m long and from 6 cm to 50 cm wide. Smooth 2 forms an edge of the element 1 on a shoulder. VS.? In itself, it may be a slab or floor of a building, whether it is on the ground floor or on the floor. A so-called high bar 3, in the example identical to the bar 2, is illustrated in FIG. 1 in a pre-assembly configuration for greater legibility. The beam 3 forms an upper edge of the element 1. In the example, the rails 2 and 3 define the height H of the element 1, in the mounted position, that is to say when it participates in form a vertical partition in a building. Alternatively, when the element 1 is used in a horizontal position, that is to say as a constituent element of a floor or a ceiling, the rails 2 and 3 define the width of the element. Wooden uprights 4, of rectangular cross section in the example, therefore de facto cleats, are fixed by their free ends 5 and 6 to 10, respectively, the smooth low 2 and high 3. The uprights 4 hold parallel the rails 2 and 3. For this, they are nailed, glued or screwed. The number, the length and / or the cross section of the uprights 4 are adapted to the dimensions of the rails and / or the element to be produced. In all cases, the uprights 4 are divided into two parallel lines, in the vicinity of the edges 7, 8 of greater length of the rails 2, 3. The uprights 4 are not opposite each other but arranged in staggered rows. In this way, and playing on the thickness E of the element 1, therefore de facto on the width of each smooth 2, 3, it is ensured that there is no contact between the different mcnta, its 4 spread on each edge 7, 8.

The uprights 4 are attached laterally to solid panels 9, 10 forming braces. Such panels 9, 10 are, according to an advantageous example, based on oriented wood particles or Oriented Strand Board in English. Such panels are frequently referred to by their English OSB acronym. Alternatively, it is marine plywood or natural plywood panels or one or more other rat-females suitable for making braces. By way of example, mention may be made of rings based on wood and / or mineral fibers. One face 11, 12 of each panel, respectively 9, 10, forms a visible face of the element 1, when a user is on one side or the other of the wall defined by the element 1. in other words, the faces 11 and 12 define the outer or inner faces 30 of a part or a building, depending on whether the element 1 is used to produce, for example, an internal partition. or a wall: an interior, a roof panel or even the face life Liu floor or ceiling when the element 1 is used in horizontal position. Thus, the panels 9, 10 and the rails 2, 3 delimit a volume V generally in the form of a rectangular box. When this volume is empty, as in Figure 1, its insulating power is reduced, particularly in terms of thermal insulation. FIG. 2 illustrates an element 1 comprising an insulating material introduced into the internal volve V of the element 1. Here, the material is in the form of a rigid plate 13. The aqua 13 is of use and of easier handling than bulk material.

It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, a plurality of rigid plates are employed to occupy the volume V. In addition, as will be described more specifically below, the method of mounting the element 1 allows the insulating material occupies all the free space of the volume V and only this space, without external overflow or without shrinkage, that 15 with identical thickness at any point of the volume V, so with insulation controlled and identical at all points of the element 1. Here the rigid plate 13 is r .. no-material. It is made, e.ar.ple, from extruded and graphite polystyrene, rigid polyurethane closed cell or closed cell PET such as that marketed by ICYNENE®. As a variant 20 not illustrated, the Lque 13 is composed of at least two types of insulating material, of identical thickness or not. It can be understood that these materials can be for one a thermal insulator and for the other a sound insulator. On the sides 11, 12 of the panels 9, 10 of the 14 panels are fiies. They supr-.-- plates of material 15, decorative effect or aut, such as d: s phques. Ise 25 of paper fibers and gypsum or 2: tre. Such plates, such as those marketed by the company FER, ELL®, make it possible to form a support that can be painted, coated or upholstered. In this case, the face 12 is the visible face and is oriented towards the interior of the building or the room in the case of an element used to form a vertical partition. If face 11 is outwardly oriented, it is advantageously provided with a rainscreen film, not shown.

In this case, the cleats 14 support a bracing 16 and / or a panel of a decorative material intended for the outside, for example with a coating or an imitation of wood, brick or stone. It is conceivable that the and / or pect of the panels 15, 16 are 7.3.dtés to the needs and use of the element 1. The embodiment of such an element 1 is carried out rair a panel 9 or 10. On the latter, the uprights 4 are fixed. The location of the uprights 4 is marked out and, in the plate 13, by means of techniques known per se, for example by sawing or by hot wire, 10 housing units are cut off. In another step, the housings of the uprights 4, which are carried by the other panel 10 or 9, are made by ensuring that these uprights 4 are arranged in a staggered configuration. other amounts. The uprights and panels 9, 10 'are then assembled: The last manufacturing step of the element 1 is to fix the rails 2, 3. Alternatively, according to another embodiment of the panel manufacturing process, each panel 9, 10 is previously equipped with its uprights 4 whose direc- tion is defined so that when the element 1 is made, they are arranged - quinccnce. So, de facto, so that no amount is next to an amount of 20 when the item is finished. The panels 9, 10 are then mounted on the plate 13, after locating the location of the uprights 4 and making the corresponding housing. It is conceivable that, alternatively, the plate 13 is provided with all the housings for the uprights 4. In this case, the panels 9, 10 provided with the uprights are then directly fixed on the plate 13. FIG. , advantageous embodiment of the invention. In this case, two plates 130, here identical in terms of e-thickness and nature, are used as insulating material. The plates 130 have a thickness E130 less than the thickness of the element 1A, that is to say less than the distance separating the faces 17, 18 opposite the panels 9, 10.

The plates 130 are fixed, by techniques known per se, such as gluing, to the faces 17, 18 of small plates. The faces facing the plaqi 130 are not in contact with each other. Thus, a free space A (also called air void) is thus generated, this space A is thus devoid of insulating material between the faces 19, 20 with respect to the plates 130. This air void A makes it possible to achieve a reduction of the element 1A while preserving the insulation qualities of the latter, the air itself being insulating, such a configuration, in addition to thermal insulation, also makes it possible to optimize the sound insulation. Athn, not illustrated, the free space A is filled, if necessary, with another material, for example with a loose insulator such as cellulose wool, Moreover, such a configuration is of easy construction. Indeed, each plate 130 is advantageously fixed on a face 17 or 18 of a panel - 1, 9 or 10 and thus delivered, ready for assembly, in this way the storage of the places 130 is optimized. We can klser an element 1A, just fix the smooth 2, 3 on 15 sets p lacquer 130 and 9, 10 panels. Alternatively, the braces 15, 16 are also pre-assembled original, that is to say before the final assembly of the element 1A. FIG. 4 illustrates a junction zone between a partition formed of an element 1 and a pavement also comprising an element 1B, similar to the element 1. In order to stabilize the continuity of the insulating material, in this zone a plate is provided. 131 configured in L. The junction between the element 1 and 1 B requires that the uprights 4 attached to the panels 10 and 9 of the element 1 are different lengths. Similarly, the panel 10 is shorter than the panel 9. This difference corresponds to the thickness E1B of the element 1B. Thus, a d: xmpe is made in the element 1 25 for the passage of the plate 131 and thus the continuity of the insulating material between the elements 1 and 1 B. Here, the element 1 is used to form an outer wall. It rests on a beam 21, itself fixed on a metal pile 22 equipped with a support of the beam 21. This beam 21 is connected by assemblies known per se, for example dovetail, to a beam 23. Element 1B is based on as many as 30 beams as needed.

Here, the element 1B is provided with panels 90, 100 of different thicknesses. Panel 100 forms a tiling for a floor. For more legibility, a single underlayer is illustrated, under the step layer, for example a tile, a PVC pavement or a floating floor. Those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in making the layers necessary to form the soil, according to the choice of material defined. Here it will be understood that the elements 1 and 1B may be different from those shown, for example it may be two elements. The invention makes it possible, easily and rapidly, to building elements of different types, adapted to the needs of insulation and architectural criteria, thanks to the use of prefabricated rigid insulation boards. Figure 5 illustrates, in plan view as Figures 2, 3, an element 1C for forming an angle of a room or a building, according to the indoor or outdoor use. FIG. 5 illustrates a method of constructing an element 1C with an insulating plate 132 similar to the plate 13, that is to say with a thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness El C of the element 1C . As for FIG. 4, the plate 132 is previously configured and the panels 9 are also more CO (: s than the panels 10, in order to be able to make a continuous L-shaped space for receiving the plate 132.

In all cases, the junction between the various elements 1, 1A, 1B, 1C is effected by means known per se, for example by dovetail assembly, bonding and / or screwing. It is the same to ensure the connection between two plates 13, 130, 131, 132 terraced. This connection is advantageously carried out by gluing or heat welding. Thus, the desired length of the wall or wall is obtained, with a lack of insulation material, without thermal bridging and with a rapid realization and optimized in terms of material consumption.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS1. Prefabricated building element (1; 1A; 1B; 1C) constituting a wood-frame building comprising: high (3) and low (2) smooth rails forming two edges of the element (1; 1A; 1B; 10), two panels (9, 10; 90, 100) solid, par.1.,: Es, connecting the smooth I- (-) 10 and low (2) and one of the faces (11, 12) forms the least one visible face of the element (1; 1A; 1B; 1C) when the latter is in place in a building, wooden uprights (4) fixed at their ends (5, 6) to the upper rails (3) and The uprights (4) are fixed in the opposite faces of the panels (9, 10, 90, 100) and arranged in staggered rows, an insulating material (13; 130; 131; 132) disposed in the free spaces (V) delimited by the uprights (4), the panels (9, 10; S0, 100) and the rails (2, 3), 20 cAL.c; the insulating material is in the form of at least one rigid plate (13; 130; 131; 132) formed of at least an insulating material. 2. A construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two plates (130) whose facing faces (19, 20) are not in mutual contact, defining between them a ro -, free (A). 25 3.- Element of construction according to claim 2, characterized in that the two plates (130) are identical and of the same nature. 4. A building element according to claim 1, characterized in that ALIX plates (130) are of different natures. 5. Construction element according to one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that the two plates (130) have different thicknesses. 3031997 10 6. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each plate (13; 130; 131; 132) is formed of at least two different materials. 7. A structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it (1C) is configured in LC-El - 'construction element according to one of claims preceding, characterized in that it comprises on at least one face (11, 12) a bracing (16) or decorative effect panel (15).