GB2610279A - Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof - Google Patents

Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2610279A
GB2610279A GB2209670.5A GB202209670A GB2610279A GB 2610279 A GB2610279 A GB 2610279A GB 202209670 A GB202209670 A GB 202209670A GB 2610279 A GB2610279 A GB 2610279A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
frame
members
means according
wall means
stud
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
GB2209670.5A
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GB202209670D0 (en
Inventor
Williamson Paul
James Pickup Andrew
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of GB202209670D0 publication Critical patent/GB202209670D0/en
Publication of GB2610279A publication Critical patent/GB2610279A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The wall panel 2 includes an inner frame 4 and an outer frame 6. Each frame is constructed from a number of vertical timber stud frame members 10 and horizontal rail frame members 8. The inner frame is a structural or load bearing frame and the outer frame is for supporting a cladding. The vertical timber stud frames members on the inner frame are offset or do not align or abut with the vertical timber stud members in the outer frame. The outer frame may be taller than the inner frame. The panel may include insulation between the frame members. The panel may include wooden sheathing on the inside face on the inner frame.

Description

Timber Frame Building and Method of Assembly Thereof The present invention relates to timber framed structures or buildings, Although the following description refers exclusively to timber framed residential structures or houses constructed to comply with or indeed exceed the Passivhaus standard, the person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be applied to other timber framed structures and is not limited to Passivhaus compliance.
Timber frame constructions use predominantly timber studs and rails, in combination with sheathing board, to form a structural frame that 15 transmits the vertical and horizontal loads to the building foundations.
Conventional timber framed buildings comprise an external structural frame generally constructed from single 38x140 timber stud members, with structural sheathing board on the outer face. Insulation is fitted between the timber structure stud.
Although this standard system is perfectly acceptable for building to the current building regulations, the timber structure usually has a 25 number of thermal bridges which negate at least part of the insulation.
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide a timber structure that addresses the abovementioned problem.
It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a method of constructing or building a structure that addresses the abovementioned problem.
In. a first aspect of the invention there is provided a wall means or panel suitable for use as at least part of a timber framed building, said wall means or panel including a substantially-parallel and/or adjacent inner frame and outer frame, said frames constructed from, or at least partially defined by, a plurality of vertical timber stud frame members and horizontal rail frame members, said inner frame being a structural or load bearing frame and the outer frame providing a location for cladding support and/or attachment characterised in that said vertical timber stud frame members in the inner frame are offset or du not align or abut with the vertical timber stud members in the outer frame.
Typically vertical stud members of the inner frame are offset and/or do not abut or touch stud members in the outer frame. Further typically vertical stud members of the inner frame are offset and/or do not abut or touch adjacent or neighbouring stud members in the outer frame. As such the arrangement forms a lattice wall or lattice frame system.
As such, the inner frame forms a load bearing wall and the outer frame forms a cladding support frame, wherein at least some of the stud frame members in the respective frames are staggered or do not align with stud members in the outer frame when viewed along Or from a vertical axis. Typically the stud frame members only align or are located parallel in the respective aligned frame members when it is unavoidable or a structural necessity. Typically only the outermost or peripheral rails or studs align with at least some stud members located internally or away from the periphery.
In. one embodiment the outer frame is taller than the inner frame member and/or extends above the inner frame member. Typically, at least the top of the outer frame and/or the uppermost frame members of the outer and inner frames do not align when viewed along or from lo a horizontal axis.
Preferably the frames are positioned adjacent and/or parallel to one another to form a wall unit with an external face located on the outer frame and internal face located on the internal frame. Typically at least the bottom rail members of each frame abut and/or are in parallel or adjacent alignment. Further typically alignment and/or abutment of the at least some of the outermost frame members creates a planar interstitial plane or face between the frame members on which the stud members of the respective frame members do not abut and/or align. As such, then viewed in plan, or along a vertical axis or plane, the strut members of the inner frame are staggered or do not align or abut the frame members of the outer frame.
Typically the horizontal frame members forming at least part of the top of the frames do not align Further typically the outer frame is taller and offsets the main structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention insulation is located between the frame members. Typically each of the inner and outer frames includes insulation between the frame members. Further typically the insulation is at least 140 mm thick in each frame.
In alternative embodiment where the thermal requirement is not as stringent, the outer frame and insulation is reduced to substantially 89mai In one embodiment insulation is inserted behind the Typically the thermal bridging is eliminated. Further typically the insulation is located substantially between in inner facing surfaces of the outer and inner walls or frames.
Preferably sheathing is located on the inner face or inside facing face of the inner frame. Typically the sheathing includes vapour control and/or air barrier properties.
In one embodiment the sheathing comprises wooden board or wooden sheet material. Typically the wooden board is oriented strand board or plywood. Further typically the wooden board includes a vapour control and/or air barrier membrane or layer. Preferably the sheathing comprises a structural OSB panel with integrated vapour control and air barrier properties.
Typically the outer or external face of the outer frame includes a breather membrane and/or breathable sheathing panel. Further typically the breather membrane is lapped horizontally and/or vertically.
In a preferred embodiment the outer or external face of the outer frame includes insulation. Typically in light weight cladding the insulation is wood fibre insulation.
In one embodiment the insulation includes mineral wool. The mineral wool can be provided as a slab.
In one embodiment the outer or external face of the outer frame includes cladding. Typically the cladding is fixed to the outer frame lo or mounted on the insulation and/or breathable sheathing panel via one or more battens.
In an alternative embodiment masonry cladding may also be installed to the outer face of the wall system. Typically mineral wool slab is fixed on the outer face of the timber frame. Further typically outer cladding frame members or support studs provide a location for brick tie fixing.
In one embodiment the wall panel junctions are offset.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the building including the wall means achieves the Passivhaus standard.
In a second aspect of the invention there is provided a building system for a timber framed building, said system including an inner and an outer wooden frame at least some of the parts of which are off set, thereby both increasing space within the structure for insulation and reducing thermal bridging through the timber structure.
Preferably the inner wall or frame is structural and the structural sheathing is located on the inner face of said the wall or frame.
In a third aspect of the invention there is provided a method of building a structure, said structure including wall means or panels including a substantially parallel and/or adjacent inner frame and outer frame, said frames constructed from, or at least partially defined by, a plurality of vertical timber stud frame members and horizontal rail frame members, said inner frame being a structural or load bearing frame and the outer frame providing a location for cladding support and/or attachment characterised in that said vertical timber stud frame members in the inner frame are positioned to be offset or do not align or abut with the vertical timber stud members in the outer frame.
Specific embodiment of the invention are now described with reference to the following figures wherein: Figures la and lb show cross sectional plan views of one embodiment 20 of the invention; Figures 2a and 2b show vertical cross sectional views of one embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3a and 3b show horizontal and vertical cross section view respectively of on embodiment of the invention.
A standard timber frame external structural frame is generally considered to consist of a single 38x140 timber stud at with a structural sheathing board on the outer face. Insulation is fitted between the timber structure. The timber structure thermally bridges the insulation This standard system is perfectly acceptable for building to the current building regulation.
The present invention is a structural building system developed to enable the construction of buildings to achieve Passivhaus standard. Passivhaus is an accepted accreditation of building construction which far surpasses the minimum thermal energy requirements in the current building regulations. p"..8
The lattice system of the present invention utilises two 38x140 frames which are off set which both increases space within the structure for insulation and greatly reduces thermal bridging through the timber structure in both the LT-Value and Psi Value thermal calculations. The inner 140mrn deep wall is structural and the structural sheathing is located on the inner face of the wall, contrary to the conventional system. The wall system has been approved by an accredited Passivehaus designer. In an alternative embodiment the outer non load bearing frame and insulation could be reduced 89rnm in cases where the thermal requirement is not as stringent' Figures la and lb show a cross section plan view of an external panel wall 2 of a timber framed building or dwelling. The wall comprises a load bearing inner wall 4 and a parallel outer wall 6 constructed primarily from horizontal timber rails 8a, 8b and vertical timber studs I Oct, 10b wherein the studs lOa of the inner wall 4 are off set from adjacent or neighbouring studs 10b of the outer wall 6. As such, adjacent studs align on a vertical axis, but adjacent studs on the inner and outer walls do not align on a horizontal axis A. This offset 'lattice' arrangement eliminates any thermal bridge between adjacent studs 10a, 10b.
The rails 8 and studs 10 are typically constructed from 38 x 140 mm timber frame members although the skilled person will appreciate that any suitably dimensioned timber could be used. The rail 8 and stud 10 timbers are arranged orthogonally, and the panels formed are usually 4.8 meters in length althoughcan be built to any required dimensions, When assembled, usually in a factory, the double stud wall 2 is installed using a crane on site.
The walls 4, 6 define inner cavities into which insulation 12 is 15 inserted. Each wall having a cavity of at least 140mm provides a total of at least 280 mm thickness of wall insulation which for the example given achieves the Passivhaus U-Value.
In this example, internal structural sheathing 14 is employed. The sheathing 14 is usually Smartply Propassiv or similar VCL / air barrier panels, typically installed on site. The sheathing 14 is usually nail fixed to the inner wall 4 studs 10a.
The wall finish on the internal wall is built up to the architectural 25 detail configuration and/or requirements of the user. A service zone 20 is often incorporated using timber batten 22.
Externally to the building in this example a breather membrane 16. In most examples the breather membrane is fixed to external sheathing 18 comprising Fermacell sheathing or other such similar composite board. in this embodiment the external membrane 16 is fixed to the sheathing 18 using staples and lapped horizontally and vertically.
To achieve Passivehause U-Value requirements in this example, external insulation 24 is incorporated into the external surface, in. this example wood fibre insulation 24' is used. The outermost face of the outer wall 6 is cladding 28, supported on cladding support battens 30.
Other features which the skilled person will see as preferable options, but not essential to the present invention arc fully insulated cavity walls 32 which are constructed from stud frame with OSB board or similar defining the cavity. Fire stops 36 are usually incorporated and the double wall stud construction carries this through the structure.
The inner window openings 34 are off set from the outer window opening studs 101). As the outer frame 6 is not load bearing there is no requirement for cripple studs.
Figures 2a and 2b show vertical cross sectional view of the wall structure 2. The inner load bearing wall or frame 4 includes a load bearing bottom timber rail 8a which is usually constructed from 38 x 140 C16 timber. The bottom rail is aligned or parallel with the adjacent non-load bearing bottom rail 8b of the outer wall or frame 6. The bottom rails 8a, 8b are positioned on a timber sole plate 40.
As can be seen in figures 2a and 2b, the inner sheathing 14 runs under the roof insulation 42 and is lapped to a floor zone air tight barrier strip 44 at the top and bottom of the inner wall 4 respectively. In addition the sheathing 44 is taped and lapped with the window frames which are usually highly thermally efficient frames. Furthermore, the floor zone junctions are fully insulated inside and outside of the same.
Figures 3a and 3b show an embodiment of the invention wherein the cladding 28 is a masonry type cladding. In this example the cladding 28 is secured to the outer wall studs lob using helical ties or the like. Insulation 24" in this example is rockwool insulation such as Duoslab, the thickness of the insulation can be increased to suit the required LI-Value.

Claims (20)

  1. Claims 1. A wall means or panel suitable for use as at least part of a timber framed building, said wall means or panel including a substantially parallel and/or adjacent inner frame and outer frame, said frames 5 constructed from, or at least partially defined by, a plurality of vertical timber stud frame members and horizontal rail frame members, said inner frame being a structural or load bearing frame and the outer frame providing a location for cladding support and/or attachment characterised in that said vertical timber stud frame 10 members in the inner frame are offset or do not align or abut with the vertical timber stud members in the outer frame.
  2. 2. A wall means according to claim 1 wherein vertical stud members of the inner frame are offset and/or do not abut or touch stud 15 members in the outer frame such that the arrangement forms a lattice wall or lattice frame structure.
  3. 3. A wall means according to claims 1 or 2 wherein only the outermost or peripheral rails or studs align with at least some stud 20 members located internally or away from the periphery or where it is a structural necessity.
  4. 4. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein the outer frame is taller than the inner frame member and/or extends above the 25 inner frame member.
  5. 5. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein at least the top of the outer frame and/or the uppermost frame members of the outer and inner frames do not align when viewed along or from a horizontal axis.
  6. 6. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein the frames 5 are positioned adjacent and/or parallel to one another to form a wall unit with an external face located on. the outer frame and internal face located on the internal frame.
  7. 7. A wall means according to claim 6 wherein at least the bottom rail 10 members of each frame abut and/or are in parallel or adjacent alignment.
  8. 8. A wall means according to claim 7 wherein alignment and/or abutment of the at least some of the outermost frame members creates a planar interstitial plane or face between the frame members on which the stud members of the respective frame members do not abut and/or align.
  9. 9. A wall means according to claim 8 wherein the horizontal frame 20 members forming at least part of the top of the frames do not align, the outer frame is taller and offsets the main structure.
  10. 10. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein insulation is located between the frame members.
  11. 11. A wall means according to eta:n-1 10 wherein the inner and/or outer frames includes insulation between the frame members.
  12. 12. A wall means according to claim 11 wherein the insulation is located substantially between in inner facing surfaces of the outer and inner walls or frames.
  13. 13. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein sheathing is located on the inner face or inside facing face of the inner frame.
  14. 14, A wall means according to claim 13 wherein the sheathing includes vapour control and/or air barrier properties.
  15. 15. A k\T 11 means according to claim 13 or 14 wherein the sheathing comprises wooden board or wooden sheet material.
  16. 16. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein the outer 15 or external face of the outer frame includes a breather membrane and/or breathable sheathing panel.
  17. 17. A wall means according to claim 12 wherein the outer or external face of the outer frame includes wood fibre or mineral wool 20 insulation.
  18. 18. A wall means according to any preceding claim wherein the outer or external face of the outer frame includes cladding.
  19. 19. A wall means according to claim 18 wherein the cladding is fixed to the outer frame or mounted on the insulation and/or breathable sheathing panel via one or more battens.
  20. 20. A wall means according to claim 18 wherein the cladding is masonry cladding.
GB2209670.5A 2021-06-30 2022-06-30 Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof Pending GB2610279A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB2109435.4A GB202109435D0 (en) 2021-06-30 2021-06-30 Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB202209670D0 GB202209670D0 (en) 2022-08-17
GB2610279A true GB2610279A (en) 2023-03-01

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GBGB2109435.4A Ceased GB202109435D0 (en) 2021-06-30 2021-06-30 Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof
GB2209670.5A Pending GB2610279A (en) 2021-06-30 2022-06-30 Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof

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GBGB2109435.4A Ceased GB202109435D0 (en) 2021-06-30 2021-06-30 Timber frame building and method of assembly thereof

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3031997A1 (en) * 2015-01-28 2016-07-29 Production Maison Ossature Bois PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A WOOD FRAME BUILDING
CN109024986A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-18 华南理工大学 A kind of assembled bamboo and wood-porous material combined exterior wall of hot-humid climate suitability

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3031997A1 (en) * 2015-01-28 2016-07-29 Production Maison Ossature Bois PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A WOOD FRAME BUILDING
CN109024986A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-18 华南理工大学 A kind of assembled bamboo and wood-porous material combined exterior wall of hot-humid climate suitability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB202209670D0 (en) 2022-08-17
GB202109435D0 (en) 2021-08-11

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