EP3290608A1 - Method for assembling a construction assembly and associated construction assembly - Google Patents

Method for assembling a construction assembly and associated construction assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3290608A1
EP3290608A1 EP17189483.5A EP17189483A EP3290608A1 EP 3290608 A1 EP3290608 A1 EP 3290608A1 EP 17189483 A EP17189483 A EP 17189483A EP 3290608 A1 EP3290608 A1 EP 3290608A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
binder
building element
construction
building
assembly
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Granted
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EP17189483.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3290608B1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Yvars
Vincent FOUSSARD
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Bouyer Leroux SCOP
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Bouyer Leroux Structure SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0273—Adhesive layers other than mortar between building elements
    • E04B2002/0276—Separate layers or strips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction and more specifically to the field of load-bearing and / or structural masonry and relative constructions or masonry assemblies.
  • masonry building elements are assembled to form assemblies such as walls, etc. by means of mortar.
  • This type of binder has several disadvantages.
  • this method requires to put the elements in a very short period of about fifteen minutes which corresponds to the time of use after removal to ensure the assembly of the elements.
  • the foam does not remain in place on the building element and the bonding becomes impossible.
  • the doses of polyurethane foam must be limited because the polyurethane foam contains isocyanates (even in small quantities) which are often toxic and reactive compounds to handle with care and whose vapors must be strictly avoided.
  • the invention aims to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a masonry set free of binder containing isocyanates or without release of isocyanates and whose structure allows rapid removal, simple whatever the external conditions.
  • the assembly method of the building assembly according to the invention has the advantage of being nontoxic by the use of a binder without isocyanate or devoid of reactive isocyanates.
  • the use of a binder in the form of gel or putty is advantageous because when it is applied to the first building element and in contact with the air, a protective film encapsulating the composition of said binder can form.
  • This protective film makes it possible to preserve the integrity of the binder composition in its shape and its chemical properties, whatever the external conditions.
  • the protective film is pierced or disintegrated, releasing the composition of the binder to allow adhesion of the first component to the second component.
  • this binder allows the installer to work in two ways that is to say setting elements before or after the formation of the film and without exceeding the core cure time of the binder recommended by the manufacturer , usually of the order of half an hour.
  • the term "binder” is understood to mean an element that is capable of binding, of keeping together different elements, of ensuring their cohesion or their union and which gives the bonding zone elements between them high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear strength and sealing.
  • the term "gel” means a solid which can have properties ranging from soft and ductile to hard and brittle. According to a common dictionary definition, gels are defined as very dilute entangled systems with no flow when in a stable state. In bulk, the gels are mainly liquid, yet they behave like solids thanks to their three-dimensional network entangled within the liquid. It is these entanglements that give the gels their structure (hardness) and contribute to their adhesion.
  • the term "putty” a kind of plastic paste, obtained by mixing different synthetic or natural substances that give it certain mechanical properties, including a very high viscosity.
  • the binder whatever the form in which the binder is: gel or mastic, the latter has increased properties and in particular to confer on the bonding zone elements between them high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear strength and sealing.
  • composition without isocyanates means a composition which is carried out without isocyanate or a composition which has a degree of purity sufficiently high that no release of isocyanate vapor is released from the whole of construction during or after installation.
  • the binder is devoid of polymerization of toxic products for humans.
  • the chemical formulation of the nontoxic binder also makes it possible to guarantee the durability of the performance during the lifetime of the structure (of the order of 50 years) or even to improve it over time, unlike the hydraulic binders whose mechanical performance stabilizes in the best case.
  • the binder is not free of esters or derivatives of phthalic acid or alcohols or derivatives of alcohols.
  • the formulation of the binder is such that the notions of shrinkage and creep do not exist in the medium and long term, unlike hydraulic binders based on cement which the impact of these characteristics on mechanical performance is known in the medium and long term.
  • the binder comprises a protective membrane in the form of a plate, pocket or bead encapsulating, as soon as it is applied, a core of active material, said protective membrane being configured to disintegrate or incorporate in the active ingredient so as not to screen the collage.
  • the core of active material can be released from the protective membrane for example by water spray before laying the building element.
  • the membrane may be water soluble.
  • the protective membrane is liable to disintegrate or to pierce, thus freeing the core of active material, by the application of a pressure on the latter during the installation of the upper construction element or adjacent to said protective membrane.
  • the binder used may be of a composition that is similar or identical to the binder of the brand Fix'bric® or Opti'fix®.
  • the contact surface of the first construction element and / or the contact surface of the second construction element is at least partially flat.
  • the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the first construction element and / or the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the second construction element is at least partially in relief.
  • the consistency of the binder close to a gel or putty and the absence of shrinkage on drying makes it possible to absorb the difference in dimensional tolerances and roughness of the contact surfaces of the upper element with the two adjacent elements 2 rectified while maintaining the mechanical properties in the current part or at a junction with an accessory.
  • the relief may be a relief in the form of a nesting member.
  • the flatness deviation of the contact surface intended to receive the binder is less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder.
  • the binder is an epoxy or acrylic gel or geopolymer or mono or bi-component or organic.
  • the binder is a polyurethane.
  • the first construction element and / or the second construction element is cellular.
  • the binder is applied only on the horizontal faces of a construction element in at least partial manner, whether the construction element is solid or honeycombed, which makes it possible to strengthen the structure mechanically. compared to horizontal efforts such as earthquakes.
  • the bonding only of the horizontal faces makes it possible to adjust the amount of binder according to the efforts calculated to optimize the binder consumption on site or in the factory.
  • the European construction regulation such as Eurocode 8 imposes in the seismic zone the production of vertical joints when the assembly is based on traditional hydraulic binders, the mounting system according to the invention makes it possible to overcome it thanks the mechanical properties of the binder.
  • the binder may be spot or bead applied extending along the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element. or on the entire surface of the side of the building element.
  • the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs.
  • a first binder bead may be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge and a second bead may be positioned facing the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge.
  • the binder strings can be positioned asymmetrically.
  • one of the two outer edges of the element is devoid of binder.
  • the wall has an aesthetic and / or a homogeneous support for a coating or paint finish that would require it.
  • the contact surface of the first element of construction is in relief and cooperates with a complementary relief formed on the contact surface of the second element of construction.
  • the application of the binder is preferably carried out by manual or mechanically, pneumatically and / or electrically assisted gun.
  • the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container under atmospheric pressure.
  • each building element can be made of terracotta, concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete or expanded clay, composite concrete, concrete based on plant fibers, cellular concrete, PVC, aluminum, wood, etc ....
  • the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element on the binder after application of the binder to the first construction element.
  • an intermediate element advantageously makes it possible to increase the mechanical performances (shearing for example) or the acoustic performances of the assembly of construction.
  • the mounting method according to the invention allows prefabrication factory assembly of panels or walls or sets of high and / or large format.
  • the building assembly 100 comprises at least a first building element 1 and a second building element 2 connected to each other by a binder 3, as visible in FIGS. Figures 7 to 22 , 24 , 27 .
  • the binder is in the form of a gel or putty as can be seen in figure 23 and in figure 25 .
  • the application of the binder 3 can be carried out on a cellular contact surface at the junctions 5 of the cells 6 of the same building element 1, 2 as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1A to 6B .
  • Examples of binder applications shown in Figures 1A to 6B are not limiting and illustrate only part of the application possibilities according to the invention.
  • the application of the binder 3 can also be carried out on one side of the construction element as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7 to 21 .
  • the side of the first building element 1 is plane and identical to the side of the second building element 2.
  • These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder.
  • the binder may be spot or bead applied extending the length of the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element.
  • the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface.
  • the side of the second building element 2 is embossed 2a and different from the side of the first building element 1.
  • These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder 3.
  • the binder 3 may be applied in points or in a bead extending all the way to the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element element of construction.
  • the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs 1a, 2a.
  • the side of the first building element 1 is in relief 1a and cooperates with a complementary relief 2a formed on the side of the second building element 2.
  • These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder.
  • the binder may be spot or bead applied extending along the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element.
  • the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs.
  • the mounting method comprises a further step consisting of the laying of an intermediate element 4 positioned between the first construction element 1 and the second construction element 2, the intermediate element enabling an increase in the mechanical or acoustic performance of the element 1. construction assembly 100.
  • This additional step is illustrated in figure 26 .
  • the step of laying the intermediate element 4 is carried out after the application of the binder 3 as illustrated in FIG. figure 25 and the result obtained: a reinforced construction set is illustrated in figure 27 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de montage d'un ensemble de construction (100) comprenant au moins un premier élément de construction (1) et au moins un deuxième élément de construction (2) liés l'un à l'autre par un liant (3), ledit procédé de montage comprenant les étapes suivantes :
- fourniture du premier élément de construction,
- fourniture du liant,
- application du liant sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction, le liant se présentant sous la forme d'un gel ou d'un mastic, ledit liant ayant une composition dépourvue d'isocyanates ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs,
- fourniture du deuxième élément de construction,
- mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant du premier élément de construction avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction de sorte que le liant soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction et le deuxième élément de construction,
- assemblage des deux éléments de construction en exerçant une pression.

Figure imgaf001
The invention relates to a method for mounting a building assembly (100) comprising at least a first building element (1) and at least one second building element (2) connected to one another by a binder (3), said mounting method comprising the following steps:
- supply of the first building element,
- supply of the binder,
applying the binder to at least a portion of a surface of the first construction element intended to be in contact with the second construction element of the building assembly, the binder being in the form of a gel or a putty, said binder having a composition devoid of isocyanates or devoid of reactive isocyanates,
- supply of the second building element,
contacting the surface provided with the binder of the first building element with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element so that the binder is arranged at least partially between the first building element and the second building element; construction,
- assembly of the two building elements by exerting pressure.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction et plus précisément le domaine de la maçonnerie porteuse et/ou structurante et des constructions ou montages de maçonnerie relatifs.The present invention relates to the field of construction and more specifically to the field of load-bearing and / or structural masonry and relative constructions or masonry assemblies.

De manière classique les éléments de constructions de maçonnerie sont assemblés pour former des ensembles tels que des murs, etc. au moyen de mortier. Ce type de liant présente plusieurs inconvénients. En effet, pour préparer du mortier à maçonnerie traditionnelle ou à joint mince, souvent à base de liants hydrauliques, il faut un équipement et de la main d'oeuvre formée, le temps de préparation est long (environ 1h), sans compter le temps de pose, le temps de séchage (7 à 28 jours). De plus, ce procédé impose de poser les éléments dans un délai très court de l'ordre du quart d'heure ce qui correspond au temps d'emploi après dépose pour assurer l'assemblage des éléments.Typically masonry building elements are assembled to form assemblies such as walls, etc. by means of mortar. This type of binder has several disadvantages. In fact, to prepare traditional masonry mortar or thin joint, often based on hydraulic binders, requires equipment and trained manpower, the preparation time is long (about 1 hour), not counting the time laying, drying time (7 to 28 days). In addition, this method requires to put the elements in a very short period of about fifteen minutes which corresponds to the time of use after removal to ensure the assembly of the elements.

En outre, lors d'intempéries, il n'est pas possible ou très peu possible de poser du mortier et d'assembler les éléments de construction, la pluie pouvant dégrader les performances du liant mortier et le vent nécessite une rapidité d'exécution qui n'est pas idéale.In addition, during bad weather, it is not possible or very little possible to lay mortar and assemble the construction elements, the rain can degrade the performance of the mortar binder and the wind requires a speed of execution that is not ideal.

En remplacement du mortier, il est possible d'utiliser des liants de type mousse en polyuréthane. Ce type de liant présente l'avantage de se déposer plus facilement que le mortier sans temps de préparation avec un temps de séchage réduit par rapport à celui du mortier. Cependant, ce procédé impose de poser les éléments quasi-immédiatement après dépose car la rétractation de la mousse est rapide ce qui réduit son pouvoir de collage.As a replacement for the mortar, it is possible to use polyurethane foam type binders. This type of binder has the advantage of being deposited more easily than the mortar without preparation time with a reduced drying time compared to that of the mortar. However, this method requires to put the elements almost immediately after removal because the retraction of the foam is fast which reduces its bonding power.

De plus, face aux intempéries et notamment par temps venteux, la mousse ne reste pas en place sur l'élément de construction et le collage devient impossible. En outre, les doses de mousse polyuréthane doivent être limitées car la mousse polyuréthane contient des isocyanates (même en faible quantité) qui sont des composés souvent toxiques et réactifs à manipuler avec précaution et dont les vapeurs doivent être strictement évitées.In addition, facing the weather and in particular windy weather, the foam does not remain in place on the building element and the bonding becomes impossible. In addition, the doses of polyurethane foam must be limited because the polyurethane foam contains isocyanates (even in small quantities) which are often toxic and reactive compounds to handle with care and whose vapors must be strictly avoided.

L'invention a pour but de remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients précités en proposant un ensemble de maçonnerie dépourvu de liant contenant des isocyanates ou sans libération d'isocyanates et dont la structure permet une dépose rapide, simple quelles que soient les conditions extérieures.The invention aims to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a masonry set free of binder containing isocyanates or without release of isocyanates and whose structure allows rapid removal, simple whatever the external conditions.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de montage d'un ensemble de construction comprenant au moins un premier élément de construction et au moins un deuxième élément de construction liés l'un à l'autre par un liant, ledit procédé de montage comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture du premier élément de construction,
  • fourniture du liant,
  • application du liant sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction, le liant se présentant sous une forme de gel ou de mastic, ledit liant ayant une composition dépourvue d'isocyanates ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs,
  • fourniture du deuxième élément de construction,
  • mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant du premier élément de construction avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction de sorte que le liant soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction et le deuxième élément de construction,
  • assemblage des deux éléments de construction en exerçant une pression.
The invention relates to a method of mounting a building assembly comprising at least a first building element and at least a second building element connected to one another by a binder, said mounting method comprising the following steps :
  • supply of the first building element,
  • supply of the binder,
  • applying the binder to at least a portion of a surface of the first building element intended to be in contact with the second building element of the building assembly, the binder being in the form of a gel or mastic, said binder having a composition devoid of isocyanates or devoid of reactive isocyanates,
  • supply of the second building element,
  • contacting the surface provided with the binder of the first building element with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element so that the binder is arranged at least partially between the first building element and the second building element ,
  • assembling the two building elements by exerting pressure.

Le procédé de montage de l'ensemble de construction selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être non toxique de par l'utilisation d'un liant sans isocyanate ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs. En outre, l'utilisation d'un liant se présentant sous la forme de gel ou de mastic est avantageuse car lors de son application sur le premier élément de construction et au contact de l'air une pellicule protectrice encapsulant la composition dudit liant peut se former. Cette pellicule protectrice permet de conserver l'intégrité de la composition du liant dans sa forme et ses propriétés chimiques, quelles que soient les conditions extérieures. Lors de l'assemblage, la pellicule protectrice se perce ou se désagrège, libérant la composition du liant afin de permettre adhésion du premier élément de construction avec le deuxième élément de construction.The assembly method of the building assembly according to the invention has the advantage of being nontoxic by the use of a binder without isocyanate or devoid of reactive isocyanates. In addition, the use of a binder in the form of gel or putty is advantageous because when it is applied to the first building element and in contact with the air, a protective film encapsulating the composition of said binder can form. This protective film makes it possible to preserve the integrity of the binder composition in its shape and its chemical properties, whatever the external conditions. During assembly, the protective film is pierced or disintegrated, releasing the composition of the binder to allow adhesion of the first component to the second component.

De cette manière, la formulation de ce liant permet au poseur de travailler de deux manières c'est-à-dire pose des éléments avant ou après la formation de la pellicule et sans dépasser la durée de durcissement à coeur du liant préconisée par le fabricant, généralement de l'ordre de la demi-heure.In this way, the formulation of this binder allows the installer to work in two ways that is to say setting elements before or after the formation of the film and without exceeding the core cure time of the binder recommended by the manufacturer , usually of the order of half an hour.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « liant », un élément qui est propre à lier, à maintenir ensemble différents éléments, à assurer leur cohésion ou leur union et qui confère à la zone de collage des éléments entre eux de hautes qualités mécaniques d'adhérence, de résistance au cisaillement et d'étanchéité.In the present invention, the term "binder" is understood to mean an element that is capable of binding, of keeping together different elements, of ensuring their cohesion or their union and which gives the bonding zone elements between them high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear strength and sealing.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « gel », un solide qui peut avoir des propriétés allant de mou et ductile à dur et cassant. D'après une définition courante du dictionnaire, les gels sont définis comme des systèmes enchevêtrés très dilués ne présentant aucun écoulement lorsqu'ils sont à l'état stable. En masse, les gels sont principalement constitués de liquide, pourtant ils se comportent comme des solides grâce à leur réseau tridimensionnel enchevêtré au sein du liquide. Ce sont ces enchevêtrements qui donnent aux gels leur structure (dureté) et contribuent à leur adhérence.In the present invention, the term "gel" means a solid which can have properties ranging from soft and ductile to hard and brittle. According to a common dictionary definition, gels are defined as very dilute entangled systems with no flow when in a stable state. In bulk, the gels are mainly liquid, yet they behave like solids thanks to their three-dimensional network entangled within the liquid. It is these entanglements that give the gels their structure (hardness) and contribute to their adhesion.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « mastic » une sorte de pâte plastique, obtenue par mélange de différentes substances synthétiques ou naturelles qui lui confèrent certaines qualités mécaniques, notamment une viscosité très élevée.In the present invention, the term "putty" a kind of plastic paste, obtained by mixing different synthetic or natural substances that give it certain mechanical properties, including a very high viscosity.

Selon l'invention, quelle que soit la forme sous laquelle le liant se présente : gel ou mastic, ce dernier présente des propriétés augmentées et notamment permettant de conférer à la zone de collage des éléments entre eux de hautes qualités mécaniques d'adhérence, de résistance au cisaillement et d'étanchéité.According to the invention, whatever the form in which the binder is: gel or mastic, the latter has increased properties and in particular to confer on the bonding zone elements between them high mechanical qualities of adhesion, shear strength and sealing.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « composition dépourvue d'isocyanates » une composition qui est réalisée sans isocyanate ou bien une composition qui présente un degré de pureté suffisamment élevé pour qu'aucun dégagement de vapeur isocyanates ne se libère de l'ensemble de construction ni pendant ni après la pose.In the present invention, the term "composition without isocyanates" means a composition which is carried out without isocyanate or a composition which has a degree of purity sufficiently high that no release of isocyanate vapor is released from the whole of construction during or after installation.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est dépourvu avant polymérisation de produits toxiques pour l'homme. Avantageusement, la formulation chimique du liant non toxique permet également de garantir la durabilité de la performance pendant la durée de vie de l'ouvrage (de l'ordre de 50 ans) voire de l'améliorer dans le temps, à l'inverse des liants hydrauliques dont la performance mécanique se stabilise dans le meilleur des cas.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is devoid of polymerization of toxic products for humans. Advantageously, the chemical formulation of the nontoxic binder also makes it possible to guarantee the durability of the performance during the lifetime of the structure (of the order of 50 years) or even to improve it over time, unlike the hydraulic binders whose mechanical performance stabilizes in the best case.

En outre, le liant est ne libère pas d'esters ou de dérivés d'acide phtalique ou d'alcools ou dérivés d'alcools.In addition, the binder is not free of esters or derivatives of phthalic acid or alcohols or derivatives of alcohols.

Par ailleurs, et selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la formulation du liant est telle que les notions de retrait et de fluage n'existent pas à moyen et long terme, à l'inverse des liants hydrauliques à base de ciment dont on connait l'incidence de ces caractéristiques sur la performance mécanique à moyen et long terme.Moreover, and according to one embodiment of the invention, the formulation of the binder is such that the notions of shrinkage and creep do not exist in the medium and long term, unlike hydraulic binders based on cement which the impact of these characteristics on mechanical performance is known in the medium and long term.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le liant comprend une membrane de protection sous forme de plaque, de poche ou de bourrelet encapsulant, dès son application, un coeur de matière active, ladite membrane de protection étant configurée pour se désagréger ou s'incorporer dans la matière active pour ne pas faire écran au collage. Avantageusement, le coeur de matière active peut se libérer de la membrane de protection par exemple par pulvérisation d'eau avant la pose de l'élément de construction. Par exemple, la membrane peut être hydrosoluble.According to one characteristic of the invention, the binder comprises a protective membrane in the form of a plate, pocket or bead encapsulating, as soon as it is applied, a core of active material, said protective membrane being configured to disintegrate or incorporate in the active ingredient so as not to screen the collage. Advantageously, the core of active material can be released from the protective membrane for example by water spray before laying the building element. For example, the membrane may be water soluble.

Alternativement ou en complément, la membrane de protection est susceptible de se désagréger ou de se percer, libérant ainsi le coeur de matière active, par l'application d'une pression sur cette dernière lors de la pose de l'élément de construction supérieur ou adjacent sur ladite membrane de protection.Alternatively or in addition, the protective membrane is liable to disintegrate or to pierce, thus freeing the core of active material, by the application of a pressure on the latter during the installation of the upper construction element or adjacent to said protective membrane.

Avantageusement, le liant utilisé peut être d'une composition similaire ou identique au liant de la marque Fix'bric® ou Opti'fix®.Advantageously, the binder used may be of a composition that is similar or identical to the binder of the brand Fix'bric® or Opti'fix®.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la surface de contact du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement plane.According to one characteristic of the invention, the contact surface of the first construction element and / or the contact surface of the second construction element is at least partially flat.

Alternativement, la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement en relief.Alternatively, the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the first construction element and / or the contact surface intended to be covered by the binder of the second construction element is at least partially in relief.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la consistance du liant proche d'un gel ou d'un mastic et l'absence de retrait au séchage permet d'absorber la différence de tolérances dimensionnelles et d'aspérité de surfaces de contact de l'élément supérieur avec les deux 2 éléments adjacents des éléments rectifiés tout en conservant les propriétés mécaniques en partie courante ou au niveau d'une jonction avec un accessoire.According to one embodiment of the invention, the consistency of the binder close to a gel or putty and the absence of shrinkage on drying makes it possible to absorb the difference in dimensional tolerances and roughness of the contact surfaces of the upper element with the two adjacent elements 2 rectified while maintaining the mechanical properties in the current part or at a junction with an accessory.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le relief peut être un relief sous forme d'un organe d'emboitement.According to another characteristic of the invention, the relief may be a relief in the form of a nesting member.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'écart de planéité de la surface de contact destinée à recevoir le liant est inférieur ou égal à 1mm.According to one characteristic of the invention, the flatness deviation of the contact surface intended to receive the binder is less than or equal to 1 mm.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le liant est un liant non-hydraulique non polyuréthane.According to one characteristic of the invention, the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le liant est un gel époxy ou acrylique ou géo-polymère ou mono ou bi-composant ou organique.According to a characteristic of the invention, the binder is an epoxy or acrylic gel or geopolymer or mono or bi-component or organic.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le liant est un polyuréthane.According to one characteristic of the invention, the binder is a polyurethane.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le premier élément de construction et/ou le deuxième élément de construction est alvéolaire.According to one characteristic of the invention, the first construction element and / or the second construction element is cellular.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le liant est appliqué uniquement sur les faces horizontales d'un élément de construction de manière au moins partielle, que l'élément de construction soit plein ou alvéolé, ce qui permet de renforcer la structure mécaniquement par rapport aux efforts horizontaux tels que des séismes. En outre, le collage uniquement des faces horizontales permet d'ajuster la quantité de liant en fonction des efforts calculés pour optimiser la consommation de liant sur chantier ou en usine. Par ailleurs, le règlement de construction européen tel que l'Eurocode 8 impose en zone de sismicité la réalisation de joints verticaux lorsque le montage est à base de liants hydrauliques traditionnels, le système de montage selon l'invention permet de s'en affranchir grâce aux propriétés mécaniques du liant.According to one embodiment of the invention, the binder is applied only on the horizontal faces of a construction element in at least partial manner, whether the construction element is solid or honeycombed, which makes it possible to strengthen the structure mechanically. compared to horizontal efforts such as earthquakes. In addition, the bonding only of the horizontal faces makes it possible to adjust the amount of binder according to the efforts calculated to optimize the binder consumption on site or in the factory. Moreover, the European construction regulation such as Eurocode 8 imposes in the seismic zone the production of vertical joints when the assembly is based on traditional hydraulic binders, the mounting system according to the invention makes it possible to overcome it thanks the mechanical properties of the binder.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction.According to a feature of the invention, the binder may be spot or bead applied extending along the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element. or on the entire surface of the side of the building element.

Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs.Advantageously, the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, un premier cordon de liant peut être positionné sur un premier bord extérieur longitudinal et un deuxième cordon peut être positionné en regard du premier cordon sur un bord extéieur longitudinal opposé au premier bord.According to a feature of the invention, a first binder bead may be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge and a second bead may be positioned facing the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés de manière asymétrique.According to one characteristic of the invention, the binder strings can be positioned asymmetrically.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'un des deux bords extérieurs de l'élement est dépourvu de liant. De cette manière, la paroi présente une esthétique et/ou un support homogène pour une finition d'enduit ou de peinture qui le nécessiterait.According to one characteristic of the invention, one of the two outer edges of the element is devoid of binder. In this way, the wall has an aesthetic and / or a homogeneous support for a coating or paint finish that would require it.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la surface de contact du premier élément de construction est en relief et coopère avec un relief complémentaire formé sur la surface de contact du deuxième élément de construction.According to one characteristic of the invention, the contact surface of the first element of construction is in relief and cooperates with a complementary relief formed on the contact surface of the second element of construction.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'application du liant est réalisée préférentiellement par pistolet manuel ou à assistance mécanique, pneumatique et/ou électrique.According to one characteristic of the invention, the application of the binder is preferably carried out by manual or mechanically, pneumatically and / or electrically assisted gun.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'application du liant est réalisée préférentiellement au moyen d'un contenant sous pression atmosphérique.According to one characteristic of the invention, the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container under atmospheric pressure.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, chaque élément de construction peut être réalisé en terre cuite, béton, béton de granulats légers ou d'argile expansée, béton composites, béton à base de fibres végétales, béton cellulaire, PVC, aluminium, bois, etc....According to one characteristic of the invention, each building element can be made of terracotta, concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete or expanded clay, composite concrete, concrete based on plant fibers, cellular concrete, PVC, aluminum, wood, etc ....

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de pose d'un élément intermédiaire sur le liant après application du liant sur le premier élément de construction. L'ajout d'un élément intermédiaire permet avantageusement d'augmenter les performances mécaniques (cisaillement par exemple) ou les performances acoustiques de l'ensemble de construction.According to one characteristic of the invention, the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element on the binder after application of the binder to the first construction element. The addition of an intermediate element advantageously makes it possible to increase the mechanical performances (shearing for example) or the acoustic performances of the assembly of construction.

Avantageusement, le procédé de montage selon l'invention permet un montage préfabrication en usine de panneaux ou parois ou ensembles de grande hauteur et/ou de grand format.Advantageously, the mounting method according to the invention allows prefabrication factory assembly of panels or walls or sets of high and / or large format.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation selon la présente invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels:

  • les figures 1A à 6B représentent différentes applications du liant sur la surface de contact (vue de dessus) d'un élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction selon l'invention,
  • les figures 7 à 9 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe horizontale ou transversale selon le sens des alvéoles s'il y en a, et dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact plane,
  • les figures 10 à 12 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact différente,
  • les figures 13 à 21 représentent différentes applications du liant pour un ensemble de construction en vue transversale en coupe dont les éléments de constructions présentent une surface de contact comprenant un relief,
  • la figure 22 est un schéma du procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 23 illustre l'étape d'application du liant selon le procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 24 illustre l'étape d'assemblage de l'ensemble de construction selon le procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 25 illustre une étape d'application du liant selon une variante du procédé de montage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 26 illustre une étape de pose d'un élément intermédiaire sur la couche de liant déposée en figure 25,
  • la figure 27 illustre l'étape d'assemblage de l'ensemble de construction selon la variante du procédé de montage selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which relates to embodiments according to the present invention, given by way of non-limiting examples and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1A to 6B represent different applications of the binder on the contact surface (seen from above) of a construction element of the building assembly according to the invention,
  • the Figures 7 to 9 represent different applications of the binder for a building assembly in cross-sectional view in horizontal or transverse section along the direction of the cells if there are any, and whose construction elements have a flat contact surface,
  • the Figures 10 to 12 represent different applications of the binder for a cross sectional construction assembly whose construction elements have a different contact surface,
  • the Figures 13 to 21 represent different applications of the binder for a cross-sectional construction assembly whose construction elements have a contact surface comprising a relief,
  • the figure 22 is a diagram of the mounting method according to the invention,
  • the figure 23 illustrates the step of applying the binder according to the mounting method according to the invention,
  • the figure 24 illustrates the step of assembling the building assembly according to the mounting method according to the invention,
  • the figure 25 illustrates a step of applying the binder according to a variant of the assembly method according to the invention,
  • the figure 26 illustrates a step of placing an intermediate element on the binder layer deposited in figure 25 ,
  • the figure 27 illustrates the step of assembling the building assembly according to the variant of the mounting method according to the invention.

Selon l'invention, l'ensemble de construction 100 comprend au minimum un premier élément de construction 1 et un deuxième élément de construction 2 liés l'un à l'autre par un liant 3, comme visible aux figures 7 à 22, 24, 27.According to the invention, the building assembly 100 comprises at least a first building element 1 and a second building element 2 connected to each other by a binder 3, as visible in FIGS. Figures 7 to 22 , 24 , 27 .

Selon l'invention, on monte l'ensemble de construction 100 selon les étapes suivantes et comme illustré notamment aux figures 22 à 24:

  • fourniture du premier élément de construction 1,
  • fourniture du liant 3,
  • application du liant 3 sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction 1 destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction 2 de l'ensemble de construction 100.
  • fourniture du deuxième élément de construction 2,
  • mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant 3 du premier élément de construction 1 avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction 2 de sorte que le liant 3 soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction 1 et le deuxième élément de construction 2,
  • assemblage des deux éléments de construction 1, 2 en exerçant une pression.
According to the invention, the assembly of construction 100 is mounted according to the following steps and as illustrated in particular in FIGS. Figures 22 to 24 :
  • supply of the first building element 1,
  • supply of the binder 3,
  • applying the binder 3 to at least a portion of a surface of the first building element 1 intended to be in contact with the second building element 2 of the building assembly 100.
  • supply of the second building element 2,
  • contacting the surface provided with the binder 3 of the first building element 1 with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element 2 so that the binder 3 is arranged at least partially between the first building element 1 and the second building element 2,
  • assembling the two building elements 1, 2 by exerting pressure.

Selon l'invention, le liant se présente sous la forme d'un gel ou d'un mastic comme on peut le voir en figure 23 et en figure 25.According to the invention, the binder is in the form of a gel or putty as can be seen in figure 23 and in figure 25 .

L'application du liant 3 peut être réalisée sur une surface de contact alvéolée au niveau des jonctions 5 des alvéoles 6 d'un même élément de construction 1, 2 comme illustré aux Figures 1A à 6B. Les exemples d'applications de liant représentés aux Figures 1A à 6B ne sont pas limitatifs et n'illustrent qu'une partie des possibilités d'application selon l'invention.The application of the binder 3 can be carried out on a cellular contact surface at the junctions 5 of the cells 6 of the same building element 1, 2 as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1A to 6B . Examples of binder applications shown in Figures 1A to 6B are not limiting and illustrate only part of the application possibilities according to the invention.

Par ailleurs, l'application du liant 3 peut également être réalisée sur un côté de l'élément de construction comme illustré aux figures 7 à 21. Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 7 à 9, le côté du premier élément de construction 1 est plan et identique au côté du deuxième élément de construction 2. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant. Le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact.Moreover, the application of the binder 3 can also be carried out on one side of the construction element as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7 to 21 . In the examples illustrated in Figures 7 to 9 the side of the first building element 1 is plane and identical to the side of the second building element 2. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder. The binder may be spot or bead applied extending the length of the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element. Advantageously, the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface.

Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 10 à 12, le côté du deuxième élément de construction 2 est en relief 2a et différent du côté du premier élément de construction 1. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant 3. Le liant 3 peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs 1a, 2a.In the examples illustrated in Figures 10 to 12 the side of the second building element 2 is embossed 2a and different from the side of the first building element 1. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder 3. The binder 3 may be applied in points or in a bead extending all the way to the side of the building element, or in a bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element element of construction. Advantageously, the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs 1a, 2a.

Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 13 à 21, le côté du premier élément de construction 1 est en relief 1a et coopère avec un relief 2a complémentaire formé sur le côté du deuxième élément de construction 2. Ces côtés matérialisent les surfaces de contact destinées (au moins l'une des deux) à recevoir le liant. Le liant peut être appliqué par points ou en cordon s'étendant tout le long du côté de l'élément de construction, ou en cordon s'étendant partiellement le long du côté de l'élément de construction ou bien sur toute la surface du côté de l'élément de construction. Avantageusement, les cordons de liant peuvent être positionnés sur les bords extérieurs et/ou sur des portions intérieures de la surface de contact ou dans les cavités formées par le ou les reliefs.In the examples illustrated in Figures 13 to 21 the side of the first building element 1 is in relief 1a and cooperates with a complementary relief 2a formed on the side of the second building element 2. These sides materialize the contact surfaces intended (at least one of the two) to receive the binder. The binder may be spot or bead applied extending along the side of the building element, or bead extending partially along the side of the building element or over the entire surface of the side of the building element. Advantageously, the binder cords may be positioned on the outer edges and / or on inner portions of the contact surface or in the cavities formed by the relief or reliefs.

En variante, le procédé de montage comprend une étape supplémentaire consistant en la pose d'un élément intermédiaire 4 positionné entre le premier élément de construction 1 et le deuxième élément de construction 2, ledit élément intermédiaire permettant une augmentation des performances mécaniques ou acoustiques de l'ensemble de construction 100. Cette étape supplémentaire est illustrée en figure 26. Selon la variante du procédé, l'étape de pose de l'élément intermédiaire 4 est réalisée après l'application du liant 3 comme illustré en figure 25 et le résultat obtenu : un ensemble de construction renforcé est illustré en figure 27.As a variant, the mounting method comprises a further step consisting of the laying of an intermediate element 4 positioned between the first construction element 1 and the second construction element 2, the intermediate element enabling an increase in the mechanical or acoustic performance of the element 1. construction assembly 100. This additional step is illustrated in figure 26 . According to the variant of the method, the step of laying the intermediate element 4 is carried out after the application of the binder 3 as illustrated in FIG. figure 25 and the result obtained: a reinforced construction set is illustrated in figure 27 .

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux figures annexées. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying figures. Modifications remain possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

Procédé de montage d'un ensemble de construction (100) comprenant au moins un premier élément de construction (1) et au moins un deuxième élément de construction (2) liés l'un à l'autre par un liant (3), ledit procédé de montage comprenant les étapes suivantes : - fourniture du premier élément de construction, - fourniture du liant, - application du liant sur au moins une partie d'une surface du premier élément de construction destinée à être en contact avec le deuxième élément de construction de l'ensemble de construction, le liant se présentant sous la forme d'un gel ou d'un mastic, ledit liant ayant une composition dépourvue d'isocyanates ou dépourvue d'isocyanates réactifs, - fourniture du deuxième élément de construction, - mise en contact de la surface pourvue du liant du premier élément de construction avec au moins une portion d'une surface du deuxième élément de construction de sorte que le liant soit agencé au moins partiellement entre le premier élément de construction et le deuxième élément de construction, - assemblage des deux éléments de construction en exerçant une pression. A method of mounting a building assembly (100) comprising at least a first building element (1) and at least one second building element (2) connected to each other by a binder (3), said mounting method comprising the following steps: - supply of the first building element, - supply of the binder, applying the binder to at least a portion of a surface of the first construction element intended to be in contact with the second construction element of the building assembly, the binder being in the form of a gel or a putty, said binder having a composition devoid of isocyanates or devoid of reactive isocyanates, - supply of the second building element, contacting the surface provided with the binder of the first building element with at least a portion of a surface of the second building element so that the binder is arranged at least partially between the first building element and the second building element; construction, - assembly of the two building elements by exerting pressure. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface de contact du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement plane.The method of claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the first building element and / or the contact surface of the second building element is at least partially flat. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, dans lequel la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du premier élément de construction et/ou la surface de contact destinée à être recouverte par le liant du deuxième élément de construction est au moins partiellement en relief (1a, 2a).A process according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the contact surface to be covered by the binder of the first building element and / or the contact surface to be covered by the binder of the second building element is at least partially raised (1a, 2a). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le premier élément de construction et/ou le deuxième élément de construction est alvéolaire (6).A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first building element and / or the second building element is cellular (6). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'application du liant est réalisée préférentiellement au moyen d'un contenant sous pression atmosphérique.Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the application of the binder is preferably carried out by means of a container under atmospheric pressure. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le procédé comprend une étape de pose d'un élément intermédiaire (4) sur le liant après application du liant sur le premier élément de construction.Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises a step of placing an intermediate element (4) on the binder after application of the binder on the first construction element. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel un premier cordon de liant peut être positionné sur un premier bord extérieur longitudinal et un deuxième cordon peut être positionné en regard du premier cordon sur un bord extéieur longitudinal opposé au premier bord.A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a first binder bead can be positioned on a first longitudinal outer edge and a second bead can be positioned facing the first bead on a longitudinal outer edge opposite the first edge. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, le liant est un liant non-hydraulique non polyuréthane.Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the binder is a non-hydraulic non-polyurethane binder. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel, le liant est un polyuréthane.The process of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the binder is a polyurethane.
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Title
MAF AMRAN ET AL: "Green Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Bonding", ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH, 1 July 2015 (2015-07-01), Zurich, pages 331, XP055340002, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.hybridcoatingtech.com/pdf/HCT_brochure_READERSpread_Eng.pdf> [retrieved on 20170127], DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1115.331 *

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FR3055636B1 (en) 2018-08-31
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