EP3268467A1 - Verfahren zur mikrobiellen de novo synthese von terpenen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur mikrobiellen de novo synthese von terpenenInfo
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- EP3268467A1 EP3268467A1 EP16710137.7A EP16710137A EP3268467A1 EP 3268467 A1 EP3268467 A1 EP 3268467A1 EP 16710137 A EP16710137 A EP 16710137A EP 3268467 A1 EP3268467 A1 EP 3268467A1
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- Prior art keywords
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- seq
- bacterium
- heterologous
- methanol
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- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/007—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more isoprene units, i.e. terpenes
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- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
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- C12Y101/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.1.1)
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- C12Y205/01—Transferases transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (2.5) transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (2.5.1)
- C12Y205/0101—(2E,6E)-Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (2.5.1.10), i.e. geranyltranstransferase
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- C12Y207/01036—Mevalonate kinase (2.7.1.36)
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- C12Y207/04002—Phosphomevalonate kinase (2.7.4.2)
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- C12Y401/01—Carboxy-lyases (4.1.1)
- C12Y401/01033—Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (4.1.1.33), i.e. mevalonate-pyrophosphate decarboxylase
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- C12Y402/03—Carbon-oxygen lyases (4.2) acting on phosphates (4.2.3)
- C12Y402/03104—Alpha-humulene synthase (4.2.3.104)
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- C12Y503/00—Intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3)
- C12Y503/03—Intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3) transposing C=C bonds (5.3.3)
- C12Y503/03002—Isopentenyl-diphosphate DELTA-isomerase (5.3.3.2)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a methylotrophic bacterium, to a process for the microbial de novo synthesis of sesquiterpenes or diterpenes from methanol and / or ethanol, and to the use of the methylotrophic bacterium for the microbial de novo synthesis of
- the invention relates to the field of white
- Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been described (Martin et al., 2003, Nature biotechnology 21, 796-802, Asadoilahi et al., 2008, Biotechnology and
- terpenes in particular amorpha-4,1-dienes, or
- acetoacetyl-CoA synthase acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
- various intermediates of the mevalonate pathway became the medium added.
- An alternative source of carbon for fermentation is not suggested.
- US 201 1/0229958 A1 shows microorganisms for the production of isoprene compounds in E. coli. Heterologous expression of an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) is again required and mevalonate was added to the medium. An inexpensive alternative carbon source for fermentation is not proposed.
- the source of carbon is an unspecified sugar.
- An alternative carbon source for fermentation is not mentioned.
- bacteria are to be provided which enable a microbial de novo synthesis of terpenes from an alternative carbon source.
- the bacteria should be able to grow on the alternative carbon source as the only source of carbon, and in particular it should not be necessary to add expensive substrate additives, such as acetoacetate or D, L-mevalonate.
- a fermentation process for the microbial de novo synthesis of terpenes from an alternative carbon source is to be provided, which enables a simple downstream purification of the recovered terpene products.
- sesquiterpenes and diterpenes should be producible with high yield.
- the conversion and yield of the process in both the shake flask and in the fermenter during up-scaling for biotechnological application should be promising or sufficient.
- a first embodiment of the invention relates to a methylotrophic bacterium comprising recombinant DNA coding for at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity Expression in said bacterium, wherein said at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity is selected from the group consisting of
- At least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase),
- HMG-CoA reductase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- mevalonate kinase mevalonate kinase
- the invention also relates to a methylotrophic bacterium comprising a heterogeneous terpene synthase and recombinant DNA encoding at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity for expression in said bacterium, characterized in that said at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity is selected from the group consisting of
- At least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase),
- HMG-CoA reductase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- mevalonate kinase mevalonate kinase
- phosphomevalonate kinase phosphomevalonate decarboxylase
- the invention also relates to a methylotrophic bacterium comprising a heterologous hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase) and a hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) as enzymes of a heterologous mevalonate pathway and recombinant DNA coding for at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity for expression in said bacterium, characterized in that said at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity is selected from the group consisting of
- At least one further enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway selected from the group consisting of mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase,
- the bacterium according to the invention particularly preferably has at least the following enzymes: heterologous hydroxymethylglutary! CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase) and
- HMG CoA reductase Hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase
- the bacterium additionally comprises a synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor.
- heterologous is to be understood as meaning an enzyme or a group of enzymes, for example those of the mevalonate pathway, which naturally do not occur in an organism which should now have the enzyme or the group of enzymes according to the invention
- the heteroioge terpene synthase or the enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway does not occur in the methylotrophic bacterium according to the invention, but originate from one or more other species.
- the bacterium according to the invention surprisingly enables a microbial de novo synthesis of terpenes from an alternative carbon source, such as methanol and / or ethanol.
- the said bacterium can grow in heterologously expressed enzymes of the otherwise naturally occurring in this bacterium mevalonate pathway (MVA way) on methanol and / or ethanol as the sole Kohlenstoffqueile and synthesize desired terpenes de novo with high yield.
- a special feature of the methylotrophic bacterium used is the presence of the molecule acetoacetyl-CoA in Primärstoffwechsei, here the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway
- the bacterium of the invention surprisingly with at least one heterologously expressed enzyme of the otherwise naturally occurring in this bacterium mevalonate on methanol and / or ethanol. Furthermore, the presence of the molecule acetoacetyl-CoA in Primärstoffwechsei makes a heteroioge expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthase superfluous. According to a further preferred modification of the invention, the
- methylotrophic bacterium no recombinant DNA coding for a heteroioge expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA-thiolase) on.
- the synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor in the context of the present invention converts in particular isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) enzymatically to a prenyl diphosphate precursor, wherein the prenyl diphosphate precursor is preferably selected from the group consisting of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) (C15) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) (C20) -
- the formed acyclic prenyl diphosphates (synonymous here with isoprenyl diphosphates) - FPP and GGPP - are the precursors of a variety of terpenes.
- the substrates of the heterologous terpene synthase are preferably from the prenyidiphosphate precursors mentioned
- the inventive bacterium comprises recombinant DNA encoding polypeptides having enzymatic activity for heterologous expression in said bacterium, said polypeptides having enzymatic activity comprising the following enzymes:
- MVA pathway the enzymes of a heterologous Mevaionatweges (MVA pathway), namely hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), evalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase,
- HMG-CoA synthase hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA synthase
- HMG-CoA reductase hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- evalonate kinase phosphomevalonate kinase
- a preferred bacterium according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one enzyme of the heterologous virionate pathway - namely an enzyme selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG) CoA reductase), mevalonate kinase,
- HMG-CoA synthase hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- HMG hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- mevalonate kinase mevalonate kinase
- Isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase has a peptide sequence with an identity of at least 60% to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6 or is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which is capable of hybridizing with the corresponding nucleic acid sequence coding for the specific peptide sequences under stringent hybridization conditions.
- the enzymes which has a peptide sequence with an identity of at least 60% to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6, it is preferred to understand that the enzymes have a peptide sequence which is at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97% %, at least 98% or at least 99% is identical to one of the specific
- Peptide sequence identity is typically determined using a sequence comparison algorithm. For this purpose, two sequences are compared with one another either over their entire length or over the length of a previously defined segment which makes up at least half of the amino acids of one of the two sequences. Within the comparison window, ie the range of the two sequences to be compared, the number of identical amino acids is determined at identical or comparable positions. For this purpose it may be necessary to introduce gaps in a sequence.
- a Amino acid sequence particularly preferred with a known in the art
- Algorithm can be performed, in particular with one of the following algorithms that are provided on the homepage of the NCBi: BLASTp, PS! -Blast, PHI-BLAST or DELTA-BLAST (see also Johnson 2008, Nucleic Acids Res 36 (Web Server issue ): W5-9, Boratyn 2012, Biol Direct. 17 (7): 12, Ye 2012, BMC Bioinformatics 13:13, Ye 2013, Nucleic Acids Res 41: (Web Server issue): W34-40; Marchler-Bauer 2009 , Nucleic Acids Res. 37
- variants of the enzymes to be used according to the invention can be encoded by nucleic acid sequences which are capable of binding under stringent conditions with the nucleic acid sequences coding for the specific peptide sequences
- Hybridization conditions to hybridize Stringent hybridization conditions in the sense of the present invention are described in Southern 1975, J. Mol. Biol. 98 (3): 503-517. Again, it will be understood that such variants of the enzymes are intended to have substantially the biological activity of the aforementioned enzymes having a specific peptide sequence.
- a methyiotrophic bacterium comprises recombinant DNA encoding at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity for heterologous expression in said bacterium, said polypeptides having enzymatic activity comprising the following enzymes:
- VMA pathway a heterologous mevalonate pathway
- H-MG-CoA synthase Hydroxymethylglyl-CoA synthase
- HMG-CoA reductase hydroxymethylglobutyl-CoA reductase
- mevalonate kinase mevalonate kinase
- phosphomevalonate kinase phosphomevalonate kinase
- pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase
- the enzymes a peptide sequence with an identity of at least 60% in each case to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6 or are encoded by nucleic acid sequences capable of hybridizing with the corresponding nucleic acid sequences encoding the specific peptide sequences under stringent hybridization conditions.
- the enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway namely hydroxymethylglyl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate Kinase, pyrophosphomevaionate decarboxylase and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, a peptide sequence each having at least 65% independently, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, and most preferably at least 99% to the peptide sequence SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO.
- the enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway are hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase), hydroxymethyiglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA synthase).
- the recombinant DNA encoding said enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway comprises the following polynucleotides each having at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80% identity %, in particular at least 85%, more particularly at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% and particularly preferably at least 99% to one
- nucleic acid sequence identity is hereby typically with a
- Sequence comparison algorithm determined. For this purpose, two sequences are compared with one another either over their entire length or over the length of a previously defined segment which makes up at least half of the nucleotides of one of the two sequences. Within the comparison window, i. of the region of the two sequences to be compared, the number of identical nucleotides is determined at identical or comparable positions. For this purpose it may be necessary to introduce gaps in a sequence.
- an amino acid sequence is particularly preferably with a known in the art
- Algorithm can be performed, in particular with one of the following algorithms that are provided on the homepage of the NCBI: BLASTn, megablast or
- the polynucleotides used according to the invention are the genes hmgs (SEQ ID No. 7), hmgr (SEQ ID No. 8), mvaK1 (SEQ ID No. 9), mvaK2 (SEQ ID No. 10), mvaD (SEQ ID NO: 11) and fni (SEQ ID NO.12) from Myxococcus xanthus.
- the enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway of a bacterium according to this embodiment have the peptide sequences according to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 6 on.
- prokaryotic MVA genes in particular from Myxococcus xanthus, has advantages.
- the comparable GC content such as from Myxococcus xanthus of about 70%, results in a very good Codon Adaptation Indices (CAI), for example between about 0.7 and about 0.9, for the MVA genes.
- CAI Codon Adaptation Indices
- the recombinant DNA coding for the said enzymes of the heterologous mevalonate pathway is arranged in a single operon. This allows better co-regulation of expression using a single promoter. If necessary, further heterologous genes can be integrated into such an operon.
- Mevalonate pathway synonymous here with MVA genes called.
- the ribosome binding site (RBS) of at least one of said MVA genes is optimized with regard to translation initiation for heterologous expression in the bacterium.
- the RBS of the gene is for the heterologous
- Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase optimized for translational initiation Such an RBS-optimized variant of the gene, in particular of the gene fni from Myxococcus xanthus, has a TIR (translation initiation rate according to Salis 2011) of 50 to 200,000, preferably 50 to 100,000, particularly preferably 50,000 to 100,000.
- TIR translation initiation rate according to Salis 2011
- the RBS of the gene is for the heterologous
- HMG-CoA synthase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- Such an RBS-optimized variant of the gene in particular the gene hmgs from Myxococcus xanthus, has a TIR of 50 to 100,000, preferably from 50 to 50,000, particularly preferably from 1,000 to 50,000.
- the recombinant DNA of the bacterium further encodes for at least one heterologous terpene synthase, wherein the
- Terpene synthase is selected from the group consisting of a sesquiterpene synthase and terpene synthase. It can be seen that the sesquiterpenes or diterpenes formed by said terpene synthases are biotechnologically valuable products.
- the at least one heterologous terpene synthase is a sesquiterpene synthase.
- the sesquiterpene synthase is preferably an enzyme for the synthesis of a cyclic sesquiterpene, the sesquiterpenes being in particular selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -humulene, various sainalene epimers, such as ⁇ -santalen, ⁇ -santalen, epi- ⁇ -santalen or ⁇ exo-bergamot, and bisabolene, such as ß-bisabolene.
- the sesquiterpene synthase is more preferably an ⁇ -humulene synthase or a santalen synthase. It should be noted that in particular the salen synthase has a very broad product spectrum and thus a wide variety of different sesquiterpene of Santa! En type is available.
- the sesquiterpene synthase is preferably a plant sesquiterpene synthase
- the sesquiterpene synthase is an enzyme from an organism, wherein the organism is selected from the group consisting of the genus Zingiber and Santaium. Sesquiterpene synthases from other organisms may also be used if appropriate.
- the sesquiterpene synthase according to a further aspect comprises a peptide sequence having an identity of at least 60% to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 15, a polypeptide of the
- Sesquiterpene synthases within the meaning of the invention may also be enzymes having corresponding activity, which are encoded by polynucleotides comprising nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding one of the polypeptides of SEQ ID NO: 15, 45 or 46 under stringent hybridization conditions ,
- the said peptide sequence of a sesquiterpene synthase furthermore preferably has an identity of at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, more particularly at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98 % and more preferably at least 99%, to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 5, a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 45 and a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 46th
- the sesquiterpene synthase is an enzyme comprising a polypeptide with corresponding activity from Zingibe rzerumbet, Santaium album or Santaium spicatum.
- the sesquiterpene synthase is in particular the ⁇ -humulene synthase from Zingiber zerumbet which comprises a polypeptide according to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 15 has.
- the ⁇ -humule synthase which is a polypeptide according to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 15, comprising a recombinant DNA comprising a polynucleotide having a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 16 coded.
- sesquiterpene synthase is, in particular, the Santalene synthase SsaSSy from Santalum album, which contains a polypeptide according to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 45 has.
- sesquiterpene synthase is preferably the santalen synthase SspiSSy from Santalum spicatum
- the at least one heterologous terpene synthase is a diterpene synthase.
- the diterpene synthase is preferably an enzyme for the synthesis of a diterpene, wherein the diterpene is selected from the group consisting of sclareol, cis-abienol, abitadiene, isopimaradiene, manool and larixol.
- the diterpene synthase of plant origin is in particular from the genera Salvia or Abies.
- the diterpene synthase according to a further aspect comprises a peptide sequence with an identity of at least 40% to a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 47th
- Diterpene synthases within the meaning of the invention may also be enzymes having corresponding activity, which are encoded by polynucleotides comprising nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 47 under stringent hybridization conditions.
- the said peptide sequence of a diterpene synthase further preferably has an identity of at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, in particular at least 85%. , in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% and particularly preferably at least 99%, to a polypeptide of
- the diterpene synthase is further preferably selected from the group consisting of the two monofunctional type I and type II diterpene synthases SsLPS, the salvia sclarea LPP synthase and SsSCS, the S.
- diterpene synthase is, in particular, the bifunctional type I / type II diterpene synthase cis-abienol synthase AbCAS from Abies baisamea, which comprises a polypeptide according to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 47 has.
- cis-abienol synthase of a M. extorquens AM1 codon optimized polynucleotide most preferably from a polynucleotide having a sequence with SEQ ID NO: 50.
- the prenyl diphosphate precursors - such as FPP or GGPP - form the respective substrates of terpene synthases.
- the appropriate synthase must be selected to provide the appropriate prenyl diphosphate precursor.
- the RBS of the gene for sesquiterpene synthase is optimized with regard to translation initiation.
- Such an RBS-optimized variant of the gene has a TIR (translation initiation rate) of at least 50,000, in particular 50,000 to 400,000, preferably from 200,000 to 300,000, particularly preferably 210,000 to 250,000.
- the bacterium according to a further embodiment in addition to the recombinant DNA encoding at least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway, further comprises recombinant DNA encoding at least one prenyl diphosphate precursor synthase as needed.
- the synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor is either an endogenous or a heterologous enzyme.
- the gene coding therefor is preferably overexpressible with the aid of a suitable promoter.
- the bacterium in addition to the recombinant DNA, further comprises at least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway
- telomere sequence a sequence of amino acids in a prenyl diphosphate precursor.
- a heterologous synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor may be expressible in addition to a corresponding endogenous enzyme.
- the synthase of the prenyl diphosphate precursor is an enzyme selected from the group consisting of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPP synthase) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPP synthase).
- FPP synthase farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GGPP synthase geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
- the prenyl diphosphate precursors formed by said synthases, FPP or GGPP are important precursor molecules for a synthesis of biotechnoiogically valuable sesquiterpenes or diterpenes.
- the prenyl diphosphate precursor synthase is a heterologous FPP synthase, which may be a eukaryotic or prokaryotic heterologous FPP synthase.
- the heterologous FPP synthase may be, for example, of bacterial origin or derived from a fungus.
- the heterologous FPP synthase is in particular an enzyme from a fungus, preferably from a yeast, such as the genus Saccharomyces.
- the FPP synthase according to a further aspect comprises a peptide sequence with an identity of at least 60% to the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 13.
- the FPP synthase is in particular a eukaryotic FPP synthase.
- FPP synthases within the meaning of the invention may also be enzymes having corresponding activity, which are encoded by polynucleotides comprising nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 13 under stringent hybridization conditions.
- the said peptide sequence of an FPP synthase according to a further embodiment preferably has an identity of at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, more particularly at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, further preferably at least 98%, and more preferably at least 99%, to SEQ ID NO. 13 on.
- the recombinant DNA coding for the FPP synthase comprises a polynucleotide having an identity of at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, in particular at least 85% , in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% and particularly preferably at least 99% to a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO 14.
- the FPP synthase is preferably a FPP synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FPP synthases from other organisms may also be used if appropriate.
- the FPP synthase is in particular the FPP synthase ERG20 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a polypeptide according to SEQ ID NO. 13 has.
- the FPP synthase ERG20 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising a polypeptide according to SEQ ID NO. 13 in particular from a Poiynukieotid with a sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 14 coded.
- the synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor is a heterologous geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPP synthase).
- the heterologous GGPP synthase is in particular a corresponding enzyme from a bacterium, a plant or a fungus.
- the GGPP synthase is an enzyme from an organism, wherein the organism is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae, a plant of the genus Taxus and a fungus of the genus
- Enterobacteriaceae may be, for example, corresponding enzymes from bacteria of the genus Pantoea.
- the GGPP synthase according to a further aspect comprises a peptide sequence having a Identity of at least 60% to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide of the peptide sequence of SEQ ID NO. 43, a polypeptide of
- GGPP synthases within the meaning of the invention may also be enzymes having corresponding activity which are encoded by polynucleotides comprising nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding one of the polypeptides of SEQ ID NO: 43, 44 or 42 under stringent hybridization conditions ,
- the said peptide sequence of a GGPP synthase further preferably has an identity of at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, optionally at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, more particularly at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98 % and more preferably at least 99%, to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 43, a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 44 and a polypeptide of the peptide sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 42nd
- the GGPP synthase is an enzyme having a polypeptide with corresponding activity from Pantoea aggiomerans or Pantoea ananatis, Taxus canadensis or
- GGPP synthase is an enzyme selected from the group consisting of GGPP synthase crtE from Pantoea aggiomerans
- the RBS of the recombinant DNA ie the gene for the heterologous synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor, such as FPP or GGPP synthase, is optimized with regard to the initiation of transtation.
- Such an RBS-optimized variant of the gene has a TIR (transiation initiation rate) of from 500 to 100,000, preferably from 10,000 to 50,000, particularly preferably from 20,000 to 40,000.
- the RBS for the genes encoding the heterologous terpene synthase and the heterologous synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor are adapted such that the TIR value for the heterologous terpene synthase is higher than the TIR value for the heterologous synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor. This can prevent the accumulation of prenyl diphosphate precursors, possibly with toxic effects.
- the recombinant DNA is codon-optimized for expression in the bacterium of the invention.
- the gene encoding the heterologous terpene synthase is codon-optimized for the bacterium of the invention.
- the recombinant DNA for FPP synthase encodes the ERG20 FPP synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and encodes the recombinant DNA for the sesquiterpene synthase which zerumbet the ⁇ -humic synthase from zingiber.
- the inducible promoters may be of different nature, so that they are independently adjustable.
- all genes for expression of the enzymes mentioned here are provided with the same common inducible promoter.
- Inducible promoter systems are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- a very “dense" promoter system is used here, so that the expression of the recombinant genes can be targeted only at a desired time of cultivation
- a particularly "dense" promoter system is advantageous since otherwise growth-influencing effects may occur.A particular preference is given to a cumate-inducible system.
- the recombinant DNA is plasmid-expressing or chromosomally expressible. This too can be configured differently for the respective genes. Suitable chromosomal sites and techniques for stable integration into the genome are known to those skilled in the art.
- suitable plasmids with the recombinant DNA are introduced into the bacterium by transformation.
- the bacterium of the invention is thus preferably by transformation with one or more plasmid (s), which (s) the corresponding
- the bacterium according to the invention comprises at least one plasmid introduced by transformation, wherein the at least one plasmid comprises the following recombinant DNA:
- Recombinant DNA encoding at least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway as mentioned above, wherein the enzyme of the mevalonate pathway is selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA Reductase), mevalonate Kinase, phosphomevaionate kinase, pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase;
- HMG-CoA synthase hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- HMG-CoA Reductase hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- mevalonate Kinase phosphomevaionate kinase
- pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase
- the methy! Otrophic bacterium in the sense of the present invention is in particular a proteobacterium.
- a preferred methylotrophic proteobacterium is selected from the genera Methylobacterium and Methylomonas.
- the methylotrophic proteobacterium is a strain of the genus Methylobacterium, in particular a strain of Methylobacterium extorquens. Particularly preferred is the strain Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 or the strain Methylobacterium extorquens PA1.
- a strain of the methylotrophic bacterium in particular of the genera Methylobacterium and Methylomonas, preferably of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 or PA1, with no carotenoid biosynthesis activity, preferably with a defect in the gene crtNb (diapolycopene oxidase) (Van Dien et al., 2003, Appl Environ Microbiol 69, 7563-6.).
- Such a strain has no carotenoid biosynthesis activity, in particular lacks a diapolycopin oxidase activity. This makes it possible to further improve the terpene synthesis rate.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a process for the microbial de novo synthesis of sesquiterpenes or diterpenes from methanol and / or ethanol, comprising the following steps:
- a methanol and / or ethanol-containing aqueous medium culturing a methylotrophic bacterium according to one of the above-described embodiments in said medium in a bioreactor, wherein methanol and / or ethanol is converted by the bacterium to a terpene,
- the aqueous medium used may comprise methanol, ethanol or a mixture of methanol and ethanol. If necessary, additional substrates can be added. It may be advantageous that only methanol or ethanol is contained in the aqueous medium, ie the microbial de novo synthesis of sesquiterpenes or diterpenes takes place either from methanol or from ethanol.
- methanol can be produced both from petrochemical and renewable raw materials or, in the future, even from CO2. There are neither seasonal (weather and season) nor regional
- Methanol and ethanol meet these requirements better than carbon from sugars.
- the use of methanol / ethanol is more advantageous for the production of terpenes than from Kohlenhdyraten.
- the use of ethanol also has numerous advantages: For example, ethanol is available from biomass fermentation, ie bioethanol, as a "natural" substrate.
- the bacteria according to the invention grow both on methanol and on ethanol as the sole carbon source.
- methanol and / or ethanol is contained in the medium mentioned as the sole carbon source for the cultivation of said bacterium. This is understood to mean in particular that no further Kohienstoffqueile is purposefully added to the medium or contained in larger proportions. It can be seen that traces of other carbon sources are not always avoidable and may be included without departing from the scope of said inventive development of the method.
- a methanol- and / or ethanol-limited fed-batch fermentation is carried out.
- an accompanying separation of the sesquiterpene or diterpene from the bioreactor ie in particular an in-situ product removal (ISPR) takes place in the fermenter.
- ISPR in-situ product removal
- ISPR In-process product removal
- the cultivation takes place in an aqueous-organic two-phase system, wherein the organic phase is in particular formed by an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound, in particular an alkane, preferably dodecane or decane.
- the terpenes formed have good solubility in said organic phase.
- the cultivation is carried out at a substantially constant pH.
- the process is carried out at a dissolved oxygen level of> 30% and / or a methanol or ethanol concentration of about 1 g / L.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a methanol or ethanol containing medium for cultivating a recombinant methylotrophic
- the use of a methanol or ethanol minimal medium reduces the risk of contamination, since methanol and ethanol are toxic or growth-inhibiting for many microorganisms, as well as the expense of product processing, since no complex constituents have to be separated from the actual product.
- sugar is not only glucose, the purification of which is regularly necessary to ensure yields, with cost of evaluation of an evaluated purification, (ii) an increase sugar prices in the next few years, whereas methanol and ethanol prices
- methanol and ethanol significantly reduce contamination risks compared to sugar-based fermentations, which reduces sterilization costs
- methanol or ethanol Minimal medium contains no complex chemical compounds unlike medium containing glucose or other sugar sources (such as corn steep liquor or lignocellulose) as a carbon source, which
- a suitable fermentation medium may, for example, have the following composition: water, methanol or ethanol and further components selected from the group consisting of PI PES, NaH 2 PO 4, K 2 HPO 4, MgCl 2, (NH 4) 2 SO 4, CaCl 2, sodium citrate, ZnSO 4, MnCl 2, FeSO 4, (4) 6 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 24, CuSO 4 and CoCl 2
- a further increase in terpene formation can be achieved by blocking the carotenoid synthesis of the Proteobacterium used.
- the said strains of the genus Methyiobacterium or of the genus Methytomonas with a lack of carotenoid biosynthesis activity, in particular with a lack of diapolycopin oxidase activity are advantageously used.
- a maximum terpene concentration of more than 1.5 g / l, in particular of about 1.65 g / l, based in each case on the volume of the aqueous phase, can thus be achieved.
- the previously mentioned mutant according to the invention of Methyiobacterium extorquens AM1 with a lack of carotenoid biosynthesis activity, in particular with a lack of diapolycopen oxidase activity, has increased terpene production.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a methylotrophic bacterium according to one of the embodiments described above for the microbial de novo synthesis of terpenes from methanol and / or ethanol
- the terpenes formed by the process of the invention are selected from the Group consisting of sesquiterpenes (C 5) and terterpenes (C20).
- sesquiterpenes in the sense of the method according to the invention are, on the one hand, sesquiterpenes. Accordingly, the biotechnologically interesting sesquiterpenes include, for example
- Bisabolenes, such as the ⁇ -bisabolene, are also sesquiterpenes, which are obtainable by the process according to the invention. Suitable sesquiterpene synthases are those skilled in the art
- methylotrophic bacteria can thus be optionally equipped with the corresponding recombinant genes coding for the suitable sesquiterpene synthases.
- the methyiotrophic bacterium also has an FPP synthase in the above-mentioned sense; terpenes in the sense of the method according to the invention are, on the other hand, diterpenes.
- diterpenes selected from the group consisting of sclareol, cis-abienol, abitadiene, isopimaradiene, manooi and larixol belong to the biotechnologically interesting diterpenes.
- Suitable diterpene synthases are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- the abovementioned methylotrophic bacteria can thus optionally be equipped with the corresponding recombinant genes coding for the appropriate diterpene synthases.
- the methyiotrophic bacterium in addition to the heterologously expressed genes of the MVA pathway, also has a GGPP synthase in the above-mentioned sense.
- the sesquiterpene is ⁇ -humulene of the formula I.
- a bioreactor for the purposes of the present invention, any suitable vessel for
- Cultivation of bacteria In the simplest case, this is understood as a shake flask. In particular, it refers to a fermenter.
- the bioreactor may be suitable for continuous operation, discontinuous operation, fed-batch operation or batch production.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to said sesquiterpenes (C15) and diterpenes (C20) obtainable by a process according to one of the illustrated embodiments.
- a methylotrophic bacterium comprising recombinant DNA encoding at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity for expression in said bacterium, characterized in that said at least one polypeptide having enzymatic activity is selected from the group consisting of
- At least one enzyme of a heterologous mevalonate pathway selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA synthase (H G-CoA synthase),
- HMG-CoA reductase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-co-eductase
- mevaionate kinase mevaionate kinase
- heterologous terpene synthase is selected from the group consisting of a sesquiterpene synthase and a diterpene synthase.
- the heterologous terpene synthase is a sesquiterpene synthase, wherein the sesquiterpene synthase is an enzyme for the synthesis of a cyclic sesquiterpene, the sesquiterpene is in particular selected from the group consisting of a-humulene and epimers of santalen, such as ⁇ -santalen, ⁇ -santalen, epi- ⁇ -santalen or ⁇ -exo-bergamotene, and bis-bisenes, such as b-bisabolites.
- santalen such as ⁇ -santalen, ⁇ -santalen, epi- ⁇ -santalen or ⁇ -exo-bergamotene
- bis-bisenes such as b-bisabolites.
- heterologous terpene synthase is a diterpene synthase, in particular an enzyme for the synthesis of a diterpene, the diterpene in particular selected from the group consisting of sclareol, cis-abienol, abitadiene, isopimaradiene, manool and larixol.
- FPP synthase farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GGPP synthase geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
- the synthase of a prenyl diphosphate precursor is a heterologous GGPP synthase, wherein the heterologous GGPP synthase is an enzyme from an organism selected from the group consisting of bacteria, plants and fungi.
- a method for the microbial de novo synthesis of sesquiterpenes or diterpenes from methanol and / or ethanol comprising the following steps:
- a methanol and / or ethanol-containing aqueous medium culturing a methyiotrophic bacterium according to one of embodiments 1 to 12 in said medium in a bioreactor, wherein methanol and / or ethanol is converted by the bacterium to a terpene,
- Methylobacterium extorquens A 1 including the endogenous terpene synthesis via the deoxyxyloxy-5-phosphate pathway (DXP), the heterologously integrated fermentation pathway (characterized by the two borders), a heterologous ⁇ -humulene Synthase zssl and a heterologous FPP synthase ERG20.
- DXP deoxyxyloxy-5-phosphate pathway
- M. extorquens has no IPP isomerase (fni).
- the heterologously integrated MVA genes include hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (hmgs), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (hmgr), mevalonate kinase (mvaK), phosphomevalonate kinase (mvaK2), pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase (mvaD) and isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase (fni).
- dxs 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase
- dxr 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate reductase
- hrd HMB-PP reductase
- ispA endogenous FPP synthase
- Isopentenyl pyrophosphate GPP geranyl pyrophosphate, FPP: farnesyl pyrophosphate.
- Fig. 2 shows a chromatographic comparison of ⁇ -humus standard (upper panel, black line) and a sample of M. extorquens comprising pFS33 (pCM80-zssl, upper panel, light gray line).
- the internal standard Zerumbone elutes after 11.5 minutes.
- a-humulene in the pFS33 sample was identified by comparison of the mass spectra presented under the chromatogram.
- Fig. 3 shows the tolerance of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 to ⁇ -humulene directly dissolved in the aqueous phase or dissolved in the dodecane phase as the second organic phase.
- Maximum growth rates in appropriate medium without ⁇ -humulene (Mmax) are examples of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 to ⁇ -humulene directly dissolved in the aqueous phase or dissolved in the dodecane phase as the second organic phase.
- ⁇ -humulene in the dodecane phase has a slightly lower impact than in the aqueous phase because it has less contact with the cells.
- FIG. 4 shows the ⁇ -humulen production of M. extorquens AM1 carrying the plasmids pFS33 (pCM80-zssl), pFS34 (pCM80-zssl-ERG20), pFS45 (pHC1 15-zssi), pFS46 (pHC115-zssl-ERG20), pFS49 (pQ2148F-zssl) and pFS50 (pQ2148F-zssl-ERG20). Black bars show the production without induction, whereas the gray bars represent the induction production.
- pCM80 carries a constitutive promoter. Concentrations were compared 48 hours after culture (pFS33, 34) and after induction (pFS45, 46, 49, 50, respectively);
- FIG. 5 shows the ⁇ -humulene production of M. extorquens carrying the plasmids with optimized ribosome binding sites (RBS) for ⁇ -humoral synthase (zssl), FPP- Synthase (ERG20) and IPP isomerase (fni) in various combinations.
- RBS ribosome binding sites
- zssl ⁇ -humoral synthase
- FPP- Synthase FPP- Synthase
- fni IPP isomerase
- Black bars plasmids (pFS49, pFS57) containing only zssl hatched bars: plasmids (pFS50, pFS58, pFS60a, pFS60b) containing zssl and ERG20, gray bars: plasmids (pFS61b, pFS62a, pFS62b) containing zssl, ERG20 and the six genes of the mevalonate pathway.
- B a- Humans production of M.
- Fig. 7 Cell dry weight and formed ⁇ -humulene concentration of the strain CM502 carrying pFS62b in fermentation 5 (according to Table 3). Time 0 gives the
- Standard deviations of the ⁇ -humulen concentrations were determined from the same sample by three times analysis. Black squares: ⁇ -humulene concentration, gray circles: cell dry weight.
- Fig. 8 shows the chromatographic comparison of cis-abienol standard (upper panel, labeled line) and a sample of. extorquens comprising ppjo16 (pQ2148F-AbCAS-ERG20F96C-MVA, upper panel, labeled line).
- the internal standard Zerumbon elutes after 11, 3 minutes.
- Cis-abienol in the 6s6 sample was identified by comparison of the assensus spectra presented under the chromatogram.
- Example 1 Recombinant ⁇ -humulen preparation. Material and Methods 1.1 Chemicals, media and bacterial strains
- Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 (Peel and Quayle, 1961. Biochem J. 81, 465-9) was cultured at 30 ° C in minimal media using the media described by Kiefer et al., 2009 (PLoS ONE.4, e7831 ) has been used.
- the fermentation medium contains a final concentration of 30 mM PIPES, 1, 45 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 1, 88 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 1, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 1, 36 mM (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 20 ⁇ C CaCl 2, 45.6 ⁇ sodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 0 7 * 2H 2 0), 8.7 ⁇ ZnS0 4 * 7H 2 0, 15.2 ⁇ MnCl 2 * 4H 2 0, 36 ⁇ FeS0 4 * 7H 2 0 , 1 ⁇ (NH 4 ) B Mo 7 0 24 * 4H 2 0, 0.3 ⁇ CuS0 4 * 5H 2 0 and 12.6 ⁇ CoCl 2 * 6H 2 0.
- Escherichia coli strain DH5D (Gibco-BRL, Rockville, USA) was cultured in lysogeny broth (LB) medium (Bertani, 1951. J. Bacteriol., 62, 293-300) at 37X. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used in concentration 0 pg / ml for E. coli and M. extorquens. Cumate (4-isopropylbenzoic acid) was used as an inducer at a final concentration of 100 ⁇ diluted from a 100 mM stock solution dissolved in ethanol (shake-flask culture) or methanol (bioreactor culture).
- Ribosome binding sites were designed using the ribosome binding site calculator (Salis, 201 1, Methods in Enzymology, ed V. Christopher, 19-42, Academic Press).
- the codon adaptation index (CAl) was determined by the CAI calculator (Puigbo et al., 2008, BMC Bioinformatics, 9, 65).
- MVA Mevalonate Pathway
- telomere sequence was used as a "mega" primer along with HMGS-fw and HMGS-rev for the final amplification of hmgs (SEQ ID NO 7) without the coRI restriction fragment.
- the mevalonate pathway operon of M was used as a "mega" primer along with HMGS-fw and HMGS-rev for the final amplification of hmgs (SEQ ID NO 7) without the coRI restriction fragment.
- xanthus having the genes hmgr (SEQ ID NO 8), mvaKI (SEQ ID NO 9), mvaKZ (SEQ ID NO 10), mvsD (SEQ ID NO 11) and fni (SEQ ID NO 12) encoding HMG-CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, pyrophosphome-valonate reductase and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, respectively-was isolated from the plasmid pUC18-mva-op (Mi et al., 2014, Microbial cel! Factories 13, 170).
- primers pQF-MCS-fw and pQF-MCS-rev were annealed by heating 100 ⁇ annealing buffer (10 mM TRIS pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA) containing 10 ⁇ each of primers for 15 min followed by slow cooling
- the assembled primers were ligated into pQ2148 which was cut with SpeI and Xh resulting in plasmid pQ2148F.
- the ⁇ -humulen synthase gene zss1 originally derived from Z / ngiberzerumbet (Yu et al., 2008, Planta. 227, 1291-9) (Accession number AB263736.1), was codon-optimized for M. extorquens AM1
- the DNA sequence according to SEQ ID NO 16 was obtained.
- the codon-optimized gene according to SEQ ID NO 16 was confirmed for insertion into pCM80 (Marx and Lidstrom, 2001, Microbiology. 147, 2065-2075) and pHC1 15 (Chou and Marx , 2012, Ceti reports.1, 133-40) using primers ZSSi-fw and ZSSI-rev.
- TIR translation initiation rate
- pQ2148F was amplified using primers ZSSI-RBS-fw and ZSSI-rev.
- the RBS-optimized variant of zssl with a TIR of 221 .625 has the nucleic acid sequence AGCTTAAGGATAAAGAAGGAGGTAAAAC (SEQ ID NO 41).
- the gene for the FPP synthase ERG20 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was amplified from genomic DNA with the primers ERG20-fw and ERG20-rev.
- RBS-optimized variants were amplified with primers ERG20-RBS35k-fw or ERG20-RBS20k-fw in combination with ERG20-rev-2 resulting in two ERG20 PCR products, each having an RBS with a TIR of 36,800 or 22,000.
- the RBS-optimized variant of ERG20 with a TIR of 22,000 has the nucleic acid sequence
- the RBS-optimized variant of ERG20 with a TIR of 36,800 has the nucleic acid sequence
- Operon was excised from pUC18-mva-op with BamH'l and EcoRI and re-inserted into pFS34-bmgs alike digested resulting in pFS44.
- the plasmids pFS45 (1 pHC 15 zssl) pFS46 (PHC1 5-zssl-ERG20) and pFS47 (PHC1 15 zssl- ERG20- 7mö i s-MVAop) were constructed by cutting out ZSSI from pFS33 by zssl- ERG20 from pFS34 and zssl-ERG20- / 7 / 77ö's MVAop from pFS44 with AM and EccR followed by their insertion into similarly digested pHC1 15,
- Plasmids pFS49 (pQ2148F-zssl) and pFS50 (pQ2148F-zssl-ERG20) were constructed by excising zssi and zssl-ERG20 with A ⁇ and Xba ⁇ from pFS33 and pFS34, respectively, followed by their insertion into equally digested pQ2148F. Hrngs and VAop were excised from pFS44 by Xba ⁇ and EccR ⁇ and then inserted into the same
- Insertion of hmgs V Aop into pFS60a and pFS60b resulted in plasmids pFS61 a (zssl RBS ° P t -ERG20 35k - / j / 775fs-MVAop) and pFS61b (zssl RBSi: i P t -ERG20 35k - 7/77, respectively) ⁇ s-MVAop).
- the RBS of the IPP isomerase gene / fr / was optimized for pFS61a and pFS61b by insertion of initially assembled primers fni-RBSopt-fw and fni-RBSopt-rev (annealing method see above) in restriction sites Hpa ⁇ and BamM.
- the resulting plasmids pFS62a and pFS62b have a TIR of 65,000 for the fh RBS.
- the optimized RBS for the gene fni in this case has the nucleotide sequence gttctaggaggaataata (SEQ ID NO 48).
- Plasmids pFS61 a and pFS61 b and pFS62a and pFS62b the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO 90 with a TIR of 189 on.
- ERG20-RB ATC GTATCG ATACATCAAACC AAAGGACTTTACAG GTAGTAG
- pUC18 expression vector for Escherichia coli, Amp R lacZ promoter, Norrander pBR322ori 1983 pACCRT plasmid, for the expression of diapophytoene synthase and Sandman MN desaturase in Escherichia coli, Amp R ; contains genes for n
- pHC115 expression vector for Methyiobacterium extorquens with Cumat Chou inducible pmxaF promoter variant Kan R , OriT, pBR322ori 2012, Cell reports. 1 ,
- Recovery plasmids were cultured in methanol containing minimal medium containing tetracycline hydrochloride (see above). Precultures were inoculated from agar plates in test tubes with 5 ml of medium and shaken for 48-72 h at 30 ° C and 180 rpm. Main cultures with 12 ml medium in 100 ml baffled shake flasks were inoculated with a preculture to a D of 0.1. After culturing for 16 h at 30 ° C and 120 rpm, the main cultures reached the early exponential growth phase (0,3 ⁇ 0.3-0.6). Cumate was then added for induction and 3 ml of dodecane added as the organic phase.
- M. extorquens AM1 precultures were cultured in test tubes with 5 ml of methanol minimal medium (MM) for 48 h.
- the tolerance of M. extorquens AM1 to 20% (v / v) dodecane was examined by growth comparison (ODeoo) of cultures containing 15 ml MM and cultures with 12 ml MM and 3 ml dodecane. Cultures for growth comparison with and without dodecane were inoculated from a preculture.
- the ⁇ -human tolerance was tested in two ways: tolerance to ⁇ -humients added directly to the aqueous phase and tolerance to ⁇ -humants dissolved in the organic dodecane layer.
- pure ⁇ -human dissolved in ethanol was added to 100 ml of vial shake flask containing 15 ml of MM with final concentrations of ⁇ -humates of 1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 5 mg / L. Appropriate amounts of ethanol were added to the MM as negative controls.
- the flasks with the different ⁇ -human concentrations and the associated negative controls were inoculated with a preculture without ⁇ -humants to an ODeoo of 0.1. The ⁇ was recorded over 30 h.
- Dodecane sample was dried with NaS0 4 .
- 25 ⁇ M of 1 mM Zerumbon dissolved in dodecane was added to 225 ⁇ M Dodecan sample.
- Intracellular ⁇ -humulen was extracted as follows: resuspended cell pellet was added to a 4 ml GC vessel along with about 300 mg of 0.2 mm glass beads. The lines were intensified geloud 3 x 30 s with interim ice cooling. The lysed cells were extracted three times with 1 ml of hexane followed by a volume reduction to 1 ml by a stream of nitrogen. As an internal standard, 25 ⁇ of 1 mM Zerumbon dissolved in hexane was added to 225 ⁇ sample. ⁇ -Humans were analyzed and quantified by GC-MS (GC17A with Q5050).
- Mass spectrometer Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan
- an equity 5 column (Supelco, 30 mx 0.25 mm x 0.25 ⁇ ). Measurements were carried out in duplicate as follows: carrier gas: helium; Split injection (8: 1) at 250X; Flow rate: 2.2 ml / min; Interface temperature: 250 ° C; Program: 80 ° C hold for 3 min, 16 D C / min to 240 ° C, hold for 2 min. Retention time was 9.3 min for ⁇ -humulen and 11.5 min for Zerumbon.
- ⁇ -humulen in the samples was identified by comparing three major fragmentations of the mass spectra with a purchased ⁇ -humulene standard (relative intensity in clamps): 93 (15.5), 41 (1, 4), 80 (6.7 ).
- a calibration curve with concentrations of 4500, 2250, 900, 675, 450, 225, 90, 67.5, 22.5, 9 and 4.5 ⁇ ⁇ -humulen with 100 ⁇ Zerumbon each was used.
- Precipitated proteins were separated by centrifugation (5 min, 16000g, 4 ° C) and the supernatant was taken up in 100 ⁇ (tetrahydrofurans (THF) for HPLC analysis after drying with nitrogen.)
- THF tetrahydrofurans
- saponified extracts the supernatant was assayed for Protein removal was incubated with 10% KOH solution (dissolved in methanol) for 2 h at RT The upper organic phase was then dried with nitrogen and taken up in 100 ⁇ THF for HPLC analysis.
- BINOS 1001 Gas Analyzer (Rosemount Analytical, Hanau, DE).
- the methanol concentration was monitored online and regulated with a ProcessTRACE 1.21 MT system (Trace Analytics, Braunschweig, DE) equipped with a dialysis probe, half-hourly.
- the methanol feed was made as follows: below a concentration of 1 g / L, 0.79 g (1 mL) and below 0.5 g / L, 1.42 g (1.8 mL) was added methanol via a Watson Marlow 505Du peristaltic pump (Cornwali, England) supplied.
- Anti-foam B emulsion (Sigma-Aldrich) was added manually to reduce foaming, in addition to a six-blade tubular stirrer mounted directly above the liquid phase as a mechanical foam breaker.
- the fermenter was inoculated with an ODeO of 0.5-1 with a preculture that was in shake flask for 72 h
- Samples were taken manually, from which cell dry matter and ODeO were determined from the aqueous phase and ⁇ -humulen in the organic dodecane phase were measured as described above.
- Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 endogenously produces a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) pool, which, however, is converted to menaquinone, hopanes, and carotenoids (see Figure 1).
- FPP farnesyl pyrophosphate
- this bacterium could synthesize ⁇ -humans by integrating a heterologous ⁇ -humulene synthase.
- Plasmid pCM80 carries the strong pmxaF promoter and was chosen as a vector for the expression of the ⁇ -humulen synthase gene.
- a codon-optimized variant of the Zingiber gene was introduced into pCM80 to yield pFS33.
- Cultivation was carried out under the conditions described above as aqueous-organic two-phase cultures, with dodecane serving as the organic phase.
- dodecane serving as the organic phase.
- the strong hydrophobicity of ⁇ -humulen leads to a complete accumulation in the dodecane phase, since
- ⁇ -humulen concentrations can be measured directly in the dodecane phase and volatilization of ⁇ -humulen is reduced by the high boiling point of dodecane.
- M. extorquens AM1 tolerates 20%
- M. extorquens AM1 (hereinafter also abbreviated to: AM1) comprising plasmid pFS33 was able to produce ⁇ -humulen as the peak with similar retention time and mass spectrum compared to the ⁇ -humulen standard in Fig. 2 shows.
- AM1 M. extorquens A 1 with the empty vector control no ⁇ -humulen can be detected.
- a 1_pFS33 and AM1_pFS34 2.3 mg / L ⁇ -humulen were measured.
- the FPP synthase ERG20 of pFS34 does not appear to increase the ⁇ -humene concentration. The reasons for this are unknown.
- M. extorquens cultures as a second phase.
- ⁇ -humulen was added directly to the aqueous phase.
- the results shown in FIG. 3 show that M. extorquens is suitable as a production platform for terpenes, in particular for ⁇ -humulen.
- Piasmid system with inducible promoter used.
- the genes for ⁇ -humulene synthase alone, in combination with FPG synthase ERG20 and in combination with ERG20 and the MVA pathway genes were cloned in plasmid pHC115, which carries a co-inducible promoter (Chou and Marx, 2012) the plasmids pFS45, pFS46 and pFS47, respectively.
- Plasmid pQ2148 contains the very dense coumate inducible 2148 promoter. Zss ⁇ alone and again in combination with ERG20 as well as with the MVA genes were introduced into pQ2148F yielding pFS49 (zsä), pFS50 (ssl-ERG20) and pFS52 (ssl -E RG20-M VA). Colonies were obtained after transformation into M. extorquens for pFS49, pFS50 and also pFS52, although the colonies for pFS52 were very small even after 8 days growth at 30X. The ⁇ -humulen concentrations reached 11 mg / L in AM1_pFS49 and 17 mg / L in
- AM1_pFS50 (see Figure 4), which is a 6-fold or 1.6-fold increase in the zsst-ERG20 construct over pFS34 and pFS46, respectively.
- the background production ie without induction, was only 5%.
- the balance of flux imbalances in the metabolism can be achieved by a variety of measures.
- TIR translation initiation rate
- RBS ribosome binding sites
- TIR of ⁇ -humulen synthase RBS was increased 146-fold in the plasmids pFS57 (zss 225k ), pFS58 (zssi 225k -ERG20), and pFS59 (zssl 225k -ERG20-MVA) (see Table 2).
- TIR Translation Initiation Rates
- extorquens AM1 with unknown RBS Intermediates: AAc-CoA: acetoacetyl-CoA, HMG-CoA: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, IPP: isopentenylpyrophosphate, DMAPP: dimethylallylpyrophosphate, FPP: farnesylpyrophosphate:
- TIR Plasmid translation initiation rate
- the TIR of ERG20 RBS was increased in the ratio of about 1:10 (pFS61b) to the TIR of zssl RBS (see Table 2).
- the RBS optimization of ERG20 in combination with zssl RBS Optimization did not increase ⁇ -muulen formation without MVA (pFS60a and pFS60b, see FIG. 5).
- the heterologous expression of the MVA pathway in M. extorquens was carried out according to the last-described embodiment by adaptation of the RBS of the ⁇ -humulen synthase, the FPP synthase and the ⁇ -somerase. Concentrations of 58 mg / L ⁇ -humulen were achieved by M. extorquens comprising pFS62b (zssl zz0k -ERG20 20k - // 7 / i5k -MVA). After all, this is a threefold increase over a strain of overexpressed ⁇ -humene synthase and overexpressed FPP synthase in the absence of the heterologous MVA pathway.
- Precursor FPP (see FIG. 1).
- the use of a carotenoid-deficient mutant could according to a further embodiment even increase ⁇ -humene production.
- strain CM502 Carotenoid extraction and analysis (supra) of strain CM502 showed that it produces diapolycopene, but no lycopene, which has an identical UV spectrum but a different retention time (see Figure 6A).
- Diapolycopin produces, but no esterified / glycosylated derivatives.
- the ⁇ -humulen production of strain AcrtNö with plasmid pFS62b was again significantly increased by about 30% to M.
- extorquens AM1 wild-type with plasmid pFS62b (see Fig. 6B).
- One A production titre of at least 75 mg / i ⁇ -humients in the chippings could thus be achieved.
- M. extorquens-based ⁇ -human production In order to test the performance of the M extorquens-based ⁇ -human production according to the invention, methanol-simulated fed-batch fermentations were carried out.
- the aqueous-organic two-phase cultivations described above were used.
- M. extorquens AM1 or ⁇ / iNb having the plasmid pFS62b were grown to an ODeO of 5-10 before the expression of the ⁇ -human synthesis pathway with cumate was induced and a dodecane phase was added.
- the further cultivation was carried out at constant pH, dissolved oxygen level of> 30% and methanol concentrations of about 1 g / L.
- Average ODeoo values of 80-90 were achieved by fermentation (see Table 3) corresponding to a cell density of about 30 g / l. As shown in Fig. 7, ⁇ -humic production was growth-dependent. High ⁇ -human concentrations of 0.73 g / L to 1.02 g / L were formed from strain M. extorquens AM1 with plasmid pFS62b. A maximum ⁇ -human concentration of 1.65 g / l was produced by strain M. extorquens ⁇ with plasmid pFS62b, a 57% increase compared to the highest concentration of 1.02 g / l by strain AM1 with plasmid pFS62b ( see Table 3).
- the maximum product concentration of 1.65 g / L represents a 22-fold increase compared to the highest concentration achieved by shake flask cultivation, with the ⁇ -humene / ODeO ratio remaining constant at about 20 mg * VOD 6 oo.
- the maximum theoretically possible yield of de novo synthesizable ⁇ -humic acid per methanol is 0.26 g / g.
- the maximum yield of 0.031 g of humene / gMeOH achieved in fermentation 5 corresponds to 12% of the maximum theoretical yield.
- Methylobacterium extorquens AM 1 (Peel and Quayle 1961, Biochem J, 81, 465-9) was incubated at 30 ° C in minimal medium according to Kiefer et al. (Kiefer et al., 2009) were cultured with 123 mM methanol.
- Escherichia coli strain DH5a (Gibco-BRL, Rockville, USA) was cultured in Ysogeny broth (LB) medium (Bertani 1951, J Bacterio !, 62, 293) at 37 ° C.
- Tetracycline hydrochloride was used at a concentration of 10 pg / ml for E. coli and M. extorquens.
- Cumate (4-isopropylbenzoic acid) was used as an inducer and used starting from a 100 mM stock solution dissolved in ethanol in a final concentration of 00 ⁇ .
- Dodecane was purchased from VWR (Darmstadt, DE). .2 Genetic manipulations and plasmid construction
- Plasmids for the synthesis of cis-abienol were constructed from plasmid pfs62b.
- ppjo 6 pQ2148F-AbCAS-ERG20F96C-MVA
- the cis-abienol synthase gene AbCAS originally derived from Abies balsamea (Zerbe et al., 2012, J Biol Chem, 287, 12121-31) (Accession number JN254808. 1)
- codon-optimized for M. extorquens AM codon-optimized for M. extorquens AM to obtain the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO 50.
- the codon-optimized gene of SEQ ID NO 50 was amplified for insertion into pfs62b using primers pj05 and pj25.
- the RBS of the AbCAS gene has the nucleic acid sequence
- TATT AAT ATT AAG AG GAG GT AAT AA (SEQ ID NO 51) with a translation initiation rate (TIR) of 233,000.
- the gene for the GGPP synthase ERG20F96C (SEQ ID NO 52) (Ignea et al., 2015, Metabolic Engineering, 27, 65-75) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained by mutagenesis PCR with the primers pj26, pj16, pj17 and pj10 from ERG20 ,
- the TIR of the RBS of ERG20F96C was set to 10,000 and has the nucleic acid sequence
- Plasmid ppjo16 was constructed by inserting the PCR products of AbCAS and ERG20F96C by Gibson cloning into Spei and XbaI-cut vector pfs62b. 2
- the corresponding RBS have a TIR of 145,000 for the gene NtLPPS with the DNA sequence CAACGGCCCTTACAAAAGGAGGTTAATTATT (SEQ ID NO 56) and for the gene NtABS a TIR of 130,000 with the DNA sequence
- the codon-optimized NtLPPS gene according to SEQ ID NO 54 was amplified with the primers pj05 and pj27, for the amplification of the codon-optimized NtABS (SEQ ID NO 55) the primers pj28 and pj29 were used.
- the gene ERG20F96C was carried out
- Plasmid ppjo17 was constructed by inserting the PCR products of NtLPPS, NtABS and ERG20F96C by Gibson cloning into the Spei and XbaI cut vector pfs62b.
- Methylobacterium extorquens AM 1, containing the cis-abienol recovery plasmids were cultured in methanol minimal medium containing tetracycline-5 hydrochloride (see above).
- Precultures were inoculated from agar plates in test tubes with 5 ml of medium and shaken for 48 h at 30 ° C and 180 rpm.
- Main cultures with 12 ml of medium in 100 ml
- Bison shake flasks were inoculated with a preculture to an OD600 of 0.1. After culturing for 16 h at 30 ° C, the main cultures reached the early exponential
- 1 ml dodecane sample was dried with NaSO 4.
- 25 ⁇ M of a dodecane solution containing 1 mM Zerumbon was added to 225 ⁇ M dodecane sample.
- Cis-abienol was analyzed and quantified by GC-MS (GC17A with Q5050
- Mass spectrometer Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), equipped with an Equity 5 column (Supeico, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 ⁇ ). Measurements were carried out as follows: carrier gas: helium; Split injection (2: 1) at 250 ° C; Flow rate: 2.2 ml / min; Interface temperature: 250 ° 5 C; Program: 80 ° C hold for 3 min, 16 ° C / min to 240 ° C, hold for 2 min. Retention time was 14.1 min for cis-abienol and 1.1 min for zerumbon.
- Cis-abienol in the samples was identified by comparing three major fragmentation of the mass spectra with a commercially purchased cis-abienol standard (relative intensity in parentheses): 1 19 (15.9), 134 (30.3), 191 (6, 0). For one
- Quantification was a calibration curve with the concentrations 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 mg / L cis-abienol each with 00 ⁇ Zerumbon used
- GGPP should either be converted directly to cis-abienol by the bifunctional cis-abienol synthase AbCAS from Nicotiana tabacum or stepwise via the production of LPP from GGPP by the LPP synthase NtLPPS from Nicotiana tabacum, where LPP is subsequently replaced by the cis-abienol synthase NtABS, also from Nicotiana tabacum, to be converted to cis-abienol.
- two plasmid variants ppjo16 and ppjo17 were constructed for cis-abienol synthesis.
- the cultivation was carried out under the conditions described above as aqueous-organic two-phase cultures, with dodecane serving as the organic phase.
- a suppressor mutant of M. extorquens A 1 containing plasmid ppjo16 (called 16s6) was able to produce cis-abienol as the peak with same retention time and mass spectrum compared to cis-abieno! Standard in Figure 1 shows.
- no cis-abienol was detectable for M. extorquens AM1 with the empty vector control (pQ2148F).
- 16s6 of M. extorquens AM1 with ppjo16 21.1 mg / L cis-abienol was measured in the dodecane phase, which corresponds to a product concentration of 5.3 mg / L cis-abienol in the culture broth.
- SEQ ID NO 59 represents the sequence of the promoter region in the plasmid ppjo16, while under SEQ ID NO 60 the mutated promoter sequence is deposited in plasmid ppjo16 from the suppressor mutant 16s6.
- Methyiobacterium extorquens A 1 (Peel and Quayie 1961, Biochem J, 81, 465-9) was incubated at 30 ° C in minimal medium according to Kiefer et al. (Kiefer et al., PLoS One, e7831) at 123 mM
- Escherichia coli strain DH5a (Gibco-BRL, Rockville, USA) was cultured in lysogeny broth (LB) medium (Bertani 1951) at 37 ° C. Tetracycline hydrochloride was in a
- Tetracycline Hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, DE). Dodecane was purchased from VWR (Darmstadt, DE).
- Ribosome binding sites were designed using the ribosome binding site calculator (Salis 201, Methods in Enzymology, ed V. Christopher, 19-42, Academic Press).
- the codon-optimized gene according to SEQ ID NO 61 was amplified for the insertion in pfsBOb (Sonntag et al., 2015) using the primers SSpiSSY_RBSopt_fw and SSpiSSYjrev.
- the SSpiSSY PCR product was digested with SpeI and Clal and inserted into digested plasmid pfs60b yielding plasmid ppjo01_woM A.
- Plasmid ppjo01 was constructed by excising the genes SSpiSSY and ERG20 from ppjo01_woMVA with A & a / and EcoRI followed by insertion into the same digested pfs62b.
- SSpiSSY had the nucleic acid sequence TGTTACACCCACAGAACAAACCCGAGGTAACT (SEQ ID NO: 62) with a TIR of 44,000, the TIR of the RBS of ERG20 had the nucleic acid sequence
- the codon-optimized gene according to SEQ ID NO 64 was amplified for insertion into pfs62b using primers pj05 and pj06.
- the RBS of the SanSyn gene had the nucleic acid sequence G AAG AAG G AG GTAGTC AT AAAG AAG GAG GTAACTA (SEQ ID NO 65) with a TIR of 233,000.
- Plasmid ppjo03 was constructed by inserting the PCR product of SanSyn by Gibson cloning into the Spes and Bsu36l cut vector pfs62b.
- ERG20 RBS TIR is set to 22,000 and assigned the
- the SSpiSSY gene (SEQ ID NO: 61) was amplified with the primers SSpiSSY_RBSopt_fw and SSpiSSY_rev, digested with BamHi and EcoRI, and inserted into digested pQ24 8F-ERG20fus plasmid, yielding plasmid ppjo04_woMVA. Plasmid ppjo04 was constructed by excising the ERG20fus gene from ppjo04_woMVA with Asel and EcoRI, followed by insertion into similarly digested pfs62b. In both plasmids, ppjo04 and ppjo04_wo VA, ERG20 indicated the nucleic acid sequence
- Plasmid ppjo05 was constructed by inserting the PCR products of SSpiSSY and fusERG20 by Gibson cloning into the Spei and XbaI cut vector pfs62b.
- ppjo06 pQ2148F-SSpiSSY-ERG20_RBSmax
- the codon-optimized Santal synthase gene SSpiSSY (SEQ ID NO 61) was amplified with the primers pj01 and pj77.
- the optimized RBS of the SSpiSSY gene had the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 68 with a TIR of 402,000.
- the gene for FPP synthase ERG20 was amplified using primers pj10 and pj78.
- the TIR of ERG20 was set at 1344,000 and had the nucleic acid sequence
- Plasmid ppjo06 was constructed by inserting the PCR products of SSpiSSY and ERG20 using
- the TBS of the Rbs of the mgs gene was maintained at 189 for the plasmids ppjoOi, ppjo03 and ppjo04, analogous to the humin synthesis plasmid pfs62b.
- the TIR value of the RBS of the hmgs was set at 6345.
- Methylobacterium extorquens for (Sonntag et synthesis of ⁇ -humulene, without genes coding for al., 2015, proteins of the mevalonatal path Metab Eng,
- Synthase ERG20 (SSpiSSYfusERG20) ppjooe expression vector for Methylobacterium extorquens
- ERG20 has been set to a maximum
- M. extorquens Optional methylotrophic, obligatory aerobic, gram (Peel and AM1 negative, pink pigmented ⁇ -proteobacterium, CmR Quayle
- Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 having the santalen recovery plasmids, was cultured in methanol minimal medium containing tetracycline-5 hydrochloride (see above). Precultures were inoculated from agar plates in test tubes with 5 ml of medium and shaken for 48 h at 30 ° C and 180 rpm. Main cultures with 12 ml of medium in 100 ml
- Baffled shake flasks were inoculated with a preculture to an ODeoo of 0.1. After culturing for 16 h at 30X, the major cultures reached the early exponential
- 1 ml dodecane sample was dried with NaS0. 4
- 25 ⁇ M of a dodecane solution containing 1 mM Zerumbon was added to 225 ⁇ M dodecane sample.
- Santalen was analyzed using GC-MS (GC17A with Q5050 mass spectrometer, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an Equity 5 column (Supeico, 30 mx 0.25 mm x 0.25 ⁇ ).
- sandalwood oil was used instead to analyze salen products in the samples. Before the measurement, the sandalwood oil: 500 was diluted in Dodecan. The various substances contained in sandalwood oil eluted between 11 and 12.4 min. 2 results
- FPP synthase ERG20 for the production of santalen with Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, in addition to the evalonatoperon from Myxococcus xanthus, the FPP synthase ERG20 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other genes were expressed. FPP was to be converted to santalen by a Santalen synthase from Santa / um spicatum (SS GeorgSSY) or Clausens lansium (SanSyn). Likewise, fusion proteins from the Santal synthase SSpiSSY and the FPP synthase ERG20 were tested for santalen production. A total of seven plasmid variants (ppjo01, ppjo01_woMVA, ppjo03, ppjo04, ppjo04_woMVA, ppjoOS, ppjo06) were constructed for Santal synthesis.
- the cultivation was carried out under the conditions described above as aqueous-organic two-phase cultures, with dodecane serving as the organic phase.
- M. extorquens AM1 having the plasmids ppjo01_woMVA, ppjo03, ppjo04, ppjo04_wo VA or ppjoOS was able to produce santalene as the santalen peak with the same Retention time and mass spectrum compared to substances in sandalwood oil in Figure 1 showed.
- the chromatogram and mass spectrum of a sample of M. extorquens AM1 containing the plasmid ppjo03 are shown.
- no santalen was detectable for M. extorquens AM1 with the empty vector control (pQ2148F).
- Bacterial strains and fermentation conditions can be readily adapted without departing from the scope of the invention.
- simple adaptations are conceivable for the production of other sesquiterpenes from methanol or ethanol, for example potential biofuels, such as bisabolene, or from flavoring agents, such as santalen or from diterpenes, such as sclareol.
- the invention enables the bioproduction of terpenes from the non-food competing carbon source Methanoi or ethanol.
- SEQ ID NO 1 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 2 Hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 3 mevalonate kinase, myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 4 phosphomevalonate kinase, myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 5 Pyrophosphome valonate decarboxylase, Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 6 isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 7 hmgs gene from Myxococcus xanthus with removed EcoR ⁇ restriction site with insertion of a silent mutation (gaattc to gagttc)
- SEQ ID NO 8 hmgr gene from Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 9 mvaK1 gene from Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 10 mvaK2 gene from Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 11 mvaD gene from Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 12 fni gene from Myxococcus xanthus
- SEQ ID NO 13 FPP synthase ERG20 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PRT
- SEQ ID NO 16 DNA sequence of the alpha-humule synthase zss / zingiber zerumbet
- SEQ ID NO 40 optimized RBS of ERG20 with a TIR of 36,800
- SEQ ID NO 41 optimized RBS of zss / with a TIR of 221,625
- SEQ ID NO 43 GGPP synthase from Pantoea agglomerans
- SEQ ID NO 44 GGPP synthase from Taxus canadensis
- SEQ ID NO 45 sesquiterpene synthase from Santalum album
- SEQ ID NO 46 sesquiterpene synthase Santalum spicatum
- SEQ ID NO 47 Diterpene synthase optimized from Abies baisameaSEQ ID NO 48
- SEQ ID NO 49 optimized RBS from hmgs with a TIR of 6,345
- SEQ ID NO 50 DNA sequence of the cis-abienol synthase AbCAS from Abies balsamea codon-optimized for Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
- SEQ ID NO 51 optimized RBS from AbCAS with a TIR of 233,000
- SEQ ID NO 52 DNA sequence of the GGPP synthase ERG20F96C from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- SEQ ID NO 53 optimized RBS of ERG20F96C with a TIR of 10,000 in plasmid ppjo16
- SEQ ID NO 54 DNA sequence of the LPP synthase NtLPPS gene of Abies balsamea codon-optimized for Methylobacterium extorquens A 1
- SEQ ID NO 55 DNA sequence of the cis-abienol synthase NtABS gene of Abies balsamea codon-optimized for Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
- SEQ ID NO 56 optimized RBS of NtLPPS with a TIR of 145,000 in plasmid ppjo16
- SEQ ID NO 57 optimized RBS of NtABS with a TIR of 130,000 in plasmid ppjo 6
- SEQ ID NO 58 optimized RBS of ERG20F96C with a TIR of 9,500 in plasmid ppjo17
- SEQ ID NO 59 promoter region of plasmid ppjo16 including RBS AbCAS,
- SEQ ID NO 60 Promoter region of plasmid ppjo 6 from clone 16s6 including RBS
- SEQ ID NO 61 DNA sequence of Santal synthase SspiSSY from Santalum spicatum codon-optimized for Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
- SEQ ID NO 62 optimized RBS of SSpiSSY with a TIR of 44,000 in plasmid ppjo01 and ppjo01_woMVA
- SEQ ID NO 63 optimized RBS of ERG20 with a TIR of 20,000 in plasmid ppjo01 and ppjo01_woMVA
- SEQ ID NO 64 DNA sequence of Santalen synthase SanSyn from Clausena lansium codon-optimized for Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
- SEQ ID NO 65 optimized RBS from SanSyn with a TIR of 233,000 in plasmid ppjo03
- SEQ ID NO 66 optimized RBS of ERG20 with a TIR of 22,000 in plasmid ppjo03
- SEQ ID NO 67 optimized RBS of ERG20 with a TIR of 53,000 in plasmid ppjo04 and ppjo04_woMVA SEQ ID NO 68; optimized RBS of SSpiSSY with a TIR of 402,000 in plasmids ppjoOS and ppjo06
- SEQ ID NO 69 optimized RBS of ERG20 with a TIR of 1344,000 in plasmid ppjo06
- SEQ ID NO 90 optimized RBS of hmgs with a TIR of
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CN109852600B (zh) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-12-31 | 天津大学 | 一种小萼苔倍半萜合成酶MTb及其基因序列 |
CN109777815B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-10-29 | 昆明理工大学 | HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS及其应用 |
CN112175891B (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2023-04-21 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 一种生产海藻糖的基因工程菌及其构建方法与应用 |
CN112852650B (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-04-14 | 暨南大学 | 一种高产檀香烯和檀香醇的酿酒酵母工程菌及其构建方法与应用 |
CN112592843B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-14 | 南京师范大学 | 一种生产α-蛇麻烯的重组解脂耶氏酵母菌及其构建方法和应用 |
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CN114181964B (zh) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-06-09 | 云南大学 | 一种表达盒组合、重组载体和重组酿酒酵母及其应用 |
CN117165502A (zh) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-12-05 | 牛津大学(苏州)科技有限公司 | 一种合成萜类化合物的共培养系统和方法 |
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US7172886B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2007-02-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biosynthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate |
MX284139B (es) | 2006-05-26 | 2011-02-18 | Amyris Biotechnologies Inc | Produccion de isoprenoides. |
BRPI0716954A2 (pt) * | 2006-09-26 | 2013-10-29 | Univ California | Produção de isoprenóides e precursores de isoprenóides |
AU2012249389A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2013-11-14 | Danisco Us Inc. | Production of mevalonate, isoprene, and isoprenoids using genes encoding polypeptides having thiolase, HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase enzymatic activities |
BR112014010750B1 (pt) * | 2011-11-09 | 2021-09-21 | Amyris, Inc | Produção de isoprenoides derivados de acetil-coenzima a |
US20130323820A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Lanzatech New Zealand Limited | Recombinant microorganisms and uses therefor |
EP2875136B1 (de) | 2012-07-18 | 2017-04-12 | Isobionics B.V. | Rhodobacter zur herstellung von terpenoiden |
US20150315599A1 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-11-05 | Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc | Methods and Systems for Methylotrophic Production of Organic Compounds |
EP2940123B1 (de) * | 2012-12-27 | 2018-04-25 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Rekombinante zelle und verfahren zur herstellung von isopren |
AU2014225631A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2015-08-13 | Calysta, Inc. | Compositions and methods for biological production of isoprene |
CN104120141A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-29 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种微生物催化合成β-石竹烯的方法及能够合成β-石竹烯的重组细胞 |
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