EP3267039B1 - System and method for controlling a pump station - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for regulating a pumping station in a hydraulic network which pressurizes a medium to be conveyed to at least one consumer, the pressure being set as a function of the volume flow through the pumping station according to a control curve. The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method.

A method of the type mentioned is from the DE 10 2014 001 413 A1 known.

If a medium is pumped from a pumping station to a consumer, there are pressure losses along the conveying path, which are caused on the one hand by pipe friction and on the other by actuators within the line. The longer the lines are, the higher the losses. This is the same with closed systems such as heating or cooling systems as it is with open systems, for example in the case of a pressure booster system for the drinking water supply. It is often the wish that there is sufficient pressure at the consumer, for example an extraction point for the drinking water that is pumped, a radiator or a cooling circuit, in order to adequately supply the consumer. For example, the shower should have a sufficiently high pressure so as not to impair the shower experience.

However, the actual pressure at the consumer is usually not known, so that the pumping station is always chosen so oversized and set excessively high that there is almost certainly a probability even in the case of unfavorable conditions System states, the worst-supplied consumer is always adequately supplied.

In the case of pressure boosting systems in the drinking water supply, it is known to regulate to a constant, predetermined outlet pressure. The outlet pressure of these pumping stations is thus set according to a constant pressure control curve, i.e. kept constant regardless of the volume flow through the pumping station. If the supply pressure made available by the supplier varies, the pressure booster system compensates for such pressure fluctuations. A constant pressure regulation, however, leads to an energetically not optimal operation. The pressure losses increase with the volume flow, so that a proportional pressure curve along which the pumping station is controlled would be more favorable in terms of energy. However, the actual pressure losses along the route to be conveyed are generally not known and an optimal setting of the pumping station is therefore difficult. In addition, with pressure boosting systems in particular, the withdrawal from several tapping points simultaneously leads to enormous pressure fluctuations in the system, which do not allow any pressure setting that is sensible in practice.

The object of the underlying invention is to provide a method and a system for regulating a pumping station in a hydraulic network, which regulates the pressure of the pumping station as a function of the volume flow as required and in an energy-efficient manner without any loss of comfort.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. In addition, the object is achieved by a system with the technical features of claim 18. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description.

According to the invention, it is proposed to set the pressure of the pumping station as a function of the volume flow through the pumping station according to a control curve, the control curve being formed from a plurality of partial pressure curves, each for a volume flow interval of a number corresponding to the plurality Seamlessly adjoining volume flow intervals can be defined on the basis of pressure and volume flow values of the network that have been determined and are to be evaluated at intervals. The control curve is thus defined in sections without any gaps, ie on the one hand for all possible load cases, on the other hand taking into account the pressure losses actually occurring in the system. Specific knowledge of the hydraulic resistances in the network is not required.

According to the invention, a system for regulating a pumping station in a hydraulic network is also proposed, with which a medium to be conveyed to at least one consumer can be pressurized, the pressure being adjustable as a function of the volume flow through the pumping station according to a control curve, the system for this purpose is set up to form the control curve from a plurality of partial pressure curves, and to define these partial pressure curves in each case for a volume flow interval of a number of seamlessly adjoining volume flow intervals corresponding to the plurality on the basis of pressure and volume flow values of the network that are determined and to be evaluated at intervals.

The control curve is made up of the plurality of partial pressure curves, each of which is defined for a specific volume flow interval. The respective partial pressure curve of a specific volume flow interval is preferably defined or determined dynamically during operation, pressure and volume flow values being determined for this purpose and those values being evaluated which are assigned to the specific volume flow interval. In this way, a control curve is formed, which when used, the control of the pumping station is optimally adapted to the hydraulic network and the pumping station is operated particularly favorably in terms of energy.

Figur 1

ein System zur Regelung einer Pumpstation in einem hydraulischen Netzwerk unter Verwendung von Druckwerten von nur einer Systemstelle,

Figur 2

ein System zur Regelung einer Pumpstation in einem hydraulischen Netzwerk unter Verwendung von Druckwerten von zwei Systemstellen,

Figur 3a, b

Ablaufdiagramme des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,

Figur 4

eine Darstellung erfasster Druck- und Volumenstromwerte als Datentupel in einem p-Q Diagramms,

Figur 5

eine Zuordnung der Datentupel zu Volumenstromdatenintervallen im Δp-Q Diagramms,

Figur 6

eine Darstellung gebildeter Repräsentanzwerte zu den Volumenstromdatenintervallen im Δp-Q Diagramms,

Figur 7

eine aus einer Mehrzahl partieller Konstantdruck-Kurven gebildete Regelkurve im p-Q Diagramm aufgrund der Repräsentanzwerte in Figur 6,

Figur 8

eine Darstellung gebildeter Repräsentanzwerte zu den Volumenstromdatenintervallen im Δp-Q Diagramm mit linearer Verknüpfung,

Figur 9

eine aus einer Mehrzahl partieller Proportionaldruck-Kurven gebildete Regelkurve im p-Q Diagramm aufgrund der Repräsentanzwerte in Figur 8,

Figur 10

eine Darstellung gebildeter Repräsentanzwerte zu den Volumenstromdatenintervallen im Δp-Q Diagramm mit linearer Verknüpfung, wobei die Repräsentanzwerte den Mitten der Volumenstromdatenintervalle zugeordnet sind.

Figur 11

eine aus einer Mehrzahl partieller Proportionaldruck-Kurven gebildete Regelkurve im p-Q Diagramm aufgrund der Repräsentanzwerte in Figur 10.

Further advantages as well as features and properties of the method according to the invention and of the system according to the invention are explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying figures. Show it:

Figure 1

a system for controlling a pumping station in a hydraulic network using pressure values from only one system point,

Figure 2

a system for controlling a pumping station in a hydraulic network using pressure values from two system locations,

Figure 3a, b

Flow charts of the method according to the invention,

Figure 4

a representation of recorded pressure and volume flow values as data tuples in a pQ diagram,

Figure 5

an assignment of the data tuples to volume flow data intervals in the Δp-Q diagram,

Figure 6

a representation of generated representative values for the volume flow data intervals in the Δp-Q diagram,

Figure 7

a control curve formed from a plurality of partial constant pressure curves in the pQ diagram based on the representative values in Figure 6 ,

Figure 8

a representation of the representative values formed for the volume flow data intervals in the Δp-Q diagram with a linear link,

Figure 9

a control curve formed from a plurality of partial proportional pressure curves in the pQ diagram based on the representative values in Figure 8 ,

Figure 10

a representation of formed representative values for the volume flow data intervals in the Δp-Q diagram with a linear link, the representative values being assigned to the centers of the volume flow data intervals.

Figure 11

a control curve formed from a plurality of partial proportional pressure curves in the pQ diagram based on the representative values in Figure 10 .

Figure 1 shows a building 10 with a drinking water supply that is fed with pressurized drinking water from a central supply line 9 of a municipal supplier. The drinking water system comprises a pump station 1 set up inside the building 10 in the manner of a pressure booster system, which is connected on the input side via a feed line 16 to the central supply line 9, and on the output side is connected to a hydraulic network 8, 2, which has a large number of consumers 3 to which the drinking water is directed. The consumers 3 are formed here by tapping points for drawing off the drinking water. For example, consumers, water fittings such as sinks, bathtubs or shower fittings, toilets, washing machines or dishwashers, etc. are formed.

The network 8, 2 comprises a pressure line 8 connected to the output of the pumping station 1, from which two local supply lines 2 branch off here, along which the consumers 3 are arranged. Viewed hydraulically, the consumers 3 thus all have a different distance from the pumping station 1, so that each line path from the pumping station 1 to one of the consumers 3 causes an individual pressure loss.

The pumping station 1 comprises two pumps 17 arranged in parallel, which can be operated alternatively or cumulatively. A control and regulating unit 7 is provided for controlling and / or regulating the pumps 17 and adjusts their output and / or speed accordingly.

It should be noted that the representation in Figure 1 is to be understood purely by way of example and the invention is in no way restricted thereto. For example, the pumping station can also have only one pump 17 or more than two pumps, for example three or four pumps 17, which can be hydraulically parallel and / or in series. The control and regulation unit 7 can structurally be part of the pumping station 1, but alternatively it can also be located outside the pumping station, for example part of a central control and / or regulation of a building technology. Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment variant, the hydraulic network can also have two or more pressure lines 8 and / or the pressure line 8 can supply three or more floors. In one embodiment variant, three or more local supply lines 2 can branch off from the pressure line 8. Finally, it is also possible for a local supply line to be divided into two or more further lines. After all, as in Figure 1 shown, in the local supply lines 2 the the same number of consumers 3 may be present, the local supply lines 2 have the same length, or the spacing between the consumers may be equidistant. So shows Figure 2 an exemplary drinking water system in which the local supply line 2 extending on the second floor is on the one hand shorter than the local supply line 2 extending on the first floor and on the other hand has fewer consumers 3 than the local supply line 2 extending on the first floor .

The pumping station 1 increases the pressure of the central supply line 9 and conveys the drinking water via the pressure line 8 and the local supply lines 2 to the consumers 3, provided that at least one of the extraction points 3 opens. The pumping station 1 is regulated in such a way that a certain outlet pressure is present at its outlet, which ensures that there is sufficient flow pressure even at the worst extraction point 3. The pressure losses that exist between the pumping station 1 and the respective extraction point 3 must be taken into account here. The worst extraction point 3, also called the bad point, is generally that extraction point which, viewed geographically, is located at the highest and / or is the furthest away from the pumping station 1. From a hydraulic point of view, it is that extraction point 3 which the water experiences the greatest hydraulic resistance to reach.

Pressure fluctuations in the central supply line 9, which, for example, are due to the feed or the actuator, or which result from fluctuations in withdrawal in the vicinity, must also be compensated by the pumping station 1, as well as pressure changes within the hydraulic network that result from the opening and closing of an or more tapping points result. To compensate for these pressure fluctuations, the pressure of the pumping station 1 at the outlet is set to a constant value according to the prior art, that is to say regulated according to a constant pressure control curve. Thus the pressure p _out at the outlet of the pumping station is constant over the volume flow Q.

The method according to the invention is based on this mode of operation and adapts the control curve in such a way that the output pressure depends on the volume flow Q is set by the pumping station 1 according to a new control curve. This new control curve is made up of a plurality of partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q). ..., _{p, is to} (Q) _n formed, respectively, ..., _n .DELTA.Q a flow interval .DELTA.Q ₁ of a plurality of corresponding number n gaps of adjacent flow .DELTA.Q intervals _1, ..., _n on the basis .DELTA.Q determined and pressure and volume flow values of the network to be evaluated at intervals can be defined.

To form the partial pressure curves, the pressure and volume flow values can be at least system pressure values p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _{v ) of the system pressure p sys,} p _{sys, k present} at a system point 5, 5a, 5b as well as volume flow values Q ( t _v ) of the flowing or conveyed volume flow Q at different times t _v .

As in Figure 1 shown, the worst point, ie the location of the worst extraction point 3, can be selected as system point 5. This has the advantage that the maximum pipe losses that occur are taken into account for the formation of the control curve, thus ensuring that even the worst extraction point 3 is supplied with sufficient operating pressure if the pumping station 1 is regulated according to the partial pressure curves according to the invention. The system pressure p _{sys of} this worst extraction point 3 is therefore preferably determined. As a rule, this is a withdrawal point 3, which is located at the end of one of the local supply lines 2, in particular that withdrawal point which is the highest.

However, it is not always the case and not always clear that the highest extraction point 3 at the end of a local supply line 8 represents the bad point. Because of this, shows Figure 2 an embodiment variant in which the system pressure p _{sys, k is determined} at two system points 5a, 5b, which each represent a potential bad point because they are each located at the end of a branch of the hydraulic network. Subsequently, the index k indicates the location of the system point, so that with two system points k = 1 for the first system point 5a or k = 2 for the second system point 5b.

In a complex hydraulic network with several or a large number of branched line paths, even more than two potential bad points are possible. It then makes sense to determine corresponding system pressure values at several different system points in the network that represent these potential bad points.

It is not necessary to determine the system pressure p _sys, p _{sys, k} exactly at the location of an extraction point. Rather, it can also be determined remotely from this, before or after it, how Figure 2 shows. Consequently, the system point 5 or the first or second system point 5a, 5b can also be located before or after an extraction point 3, in particular before or after the bad point. The resulting inaccuracy in the value acquisition is slight and therefore does not impair the method according to the invention. However, the system point 5 is preferably located in the immediate vicinity of the extraction point 3, since the installation of a measuring device is easiest there.

The system pressure values are preferably determined by measuring by means of a measuring device such as a pressure sensor. The system pressure p _sys , p _{sys, k} can alternatively be calculated or estimated from other variables.

In addition to the system pressure p _sys , p _{sys, k} , the volume flow Q is determined. This can also be done by measuring by means of a measuring device such as a volume flow sensor 6, but alternatively also computationally from other variables such as the power or the speed of one of the or both pumps 17. The measuring device 6 can be arranged at the entrance of the pumping station 1, for example. As a further alternative, the volume flow can be estimated, for example on the basis of mathematical, electro-mechanical and / or mechanical-hydraulic models of the pumping station 1.

If one or more measuring devices are present, they preferably form part of the system according to the invention for regulating the pumping station 1. In particular, the measuring device for the outlet pressure and / or for the volume flow can be structurally combined with the pumping station 1.

The existing measuring devices can be connected to the control and regulation unit 7, for example via a cable connection and / or via a radio connection. A cable connection has the advantage of reliable and essentially simultaneous detection of the system pressure or one of the system pressures, the outlet pressure and / or the volume flow. In contrast, a radio link has the advantage of easy installation or retrofitting of components to be connected in terms of data technology, such as a measuring device for recording the system pressure, since there is no need to lay a data line.

The system pressure p _sys , or the respective system pressure p _{sys, k} , and the volume flow Q are suitably assigned to one another over time, ie preferably determined at the same or essentially the same point in time t _v . Because of this common time reference, they form a unit in the form of a data tuple. For the definition of the control curve, a large number of data tuples is preferably determined at different times.

The determination of the pressure and volume flow values, in particular the acquisition of the data tuples, can take place at time intervals, for example either at certain times, such as on the hour, or always after a period of time, e.g. every 15 minutes. They can therefore be determined periodically. Alternatively or cumulatively, certain events can trigger the determination of pressure and volume flow values, for example the opening of an extraction point.

It must be taken into account that the pressure p _sys , p _{sys, k} at the system point 5, 5a, 5b is identical or at least almost identical to the output _{pressure p from} the pumping station 1 when no extraction point is open or no consumer 3 consumes anything . In this case, the volume flow Q is also zero and the corresponding data tuple cannot be used.

According to one embodiment variant, regardless of the associated knowledge, these cases can nevertheless initially be recorded as pressure and volume flow values, with filtering of the data tuples then being able to follow, in which such data tuples with volume flow zero and / or those with a system pressure value essentially the output pressure p _from the pumping station 1 removed. To avoid this, it can be ensured that the unusable data tuples are not recorded in the first place. This can be achieved in that, during the operation of the pumping station 1, it is determined when the volume flow Q is greater than zero, with the pressure value or values P _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) and the only in this case Volume flow value Q (t _v ) can be determined.

In order to also obtain valid pressure and volume flow values, it is advantageous to hide the transition effects from one system state "tapping point closed" to the other system state "tapping point open". Such transition effects are, for example, a settling, ie decaying periodic pressure fluctuations. According to a preferred development of the method, in addition or as an alternative to determining when the volume flow is greater than zero, it can be determined during operation of the pumping station 1 when the change over time of a volume flow Q other than zero is essentially constant for at least a certain period of time, only in this case the pressure value or values p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) and the volume flow value Q (t _v ) are recorded. Because in this case the transition effects have largely subsided.

The determination of the pressure and volume flow values, in particular the acquisition of the data tuples, takes place at least at the beginning of the method and at least for a certain period of time, since they form the basis for the definition of the partial pressure curves. The longer the period, the more values or data tuples are collected and the more precisely the control curve can be adapted in sections to the actual conditions. It is not necessary to limit the data collection to this period. Rather, the method according to the invention can be used continuously during the operation of the pumping station 1, and in this way the control curve can be dynamically adapted again and again. However, the end of the period can be determined by the beginning of the subsequent evaluation of the collected data tuples. A new period within which the data is recorded can then follow the ended period.

The determined pressure and volume flow values or data tuples can be evaluated as described below.

According to one embodiment variant, the data tuples can first be assigned to a volume flow data interval ΔQd _i , which correlates with one of the volume flow intervals ΔQ _{i , on the basis of their respective volume flow value Q (t v).} The collected data are thus combined into a group with regard to the partial pressure curves to be defined, the groups also being sorted. The time reference of the pressure and volume flow values or the data tuples is then no longer important.

The pressure loss Δp from the pumping station 1 to the corresponding system point 5, 5a, 5b is then calculated for each data tuple. According to one embodiment variant, this can take place in that the difference is formed from an output _{pressure setpoint p booster of} the pumping station 1 and the system pressure _{value p sys} (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) of the respective data tuple. The output _{pressure setpoint} p booster of the pumping station 1 is known since it corresponds to the constant pressure to which the pumping station 1 is regulated at least at the beginning of the method according to the invention. It defines the initial constant pressure control curve according to which the output pressure p _{out is set} by the control and regulation unit 7.

Naturally, however, the output _{pressure p from} the pumping station 1 does not, or at least not always, _{correspond to the output pressure setpoint} p booster in practice, because dynamic pressure changes occur upstream and / or downstream of the pumping station, which are regulated accordingly. Thus, the pressure losses from the pumping station 1 to the corresponding system point 5, 5a, 5b can be calculated more precisely if the _{pressure p out} actually present at the output of the pumping station 1 is used _{instead of the output pressure setpoint p booster.} For this reason, it is advantageous if the pressure and volume flow values determined or to be determined also include the output pressure p _from the pumping station 1.

As in the case of the system point 5 or the system points 5a, 5b, the outlet pressure p can also _{be determined or estimated from} measurement technology or computation, for example on the basis of a mathematical model of the pumping station 1 a pressure sensor which is suitably arranged at the exit of the pumping station 1.

From a procedural point of view, it is easy to determine the pressure loss if the data tuples, together with the respective system pressure value p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) and volume flow _{value Q (t v} ), also have an output _{pressure value p out} (t _v ) of the output of the pumping station 1 currently present output pressure p _out . It is determined at the same or at least substantially the same point in time t _v as the other two values, so that a corresponding system pressure value p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ), an output _{pressure value p from} (t _v ) and on Volume flow value Q (t _v ) form a group based on the common determination time. Thus, in this embodiment variant, each data tuple then comprises three elements and thus forms a data triple.

According to a further development of this embodiment variant with data triples, and as an alternative to calculating the pressure loss from the pumping station 1 to the corresponding system point 5, 5a, 5b on the basis of the output _{pressure setpoint p booster} , the pressure loss Δp (t _v ) can be calculated from the system pressure value p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) and the determined output _{pressure value p from} (t _v ) of each data tuple can be determined by forming the difference. Thus, a pressure loss Δp (t _v ) results from each data tuple.

A diagrammatic representation of the determined data tuples is given in Figure 4 shown. In a pQ diagram, it shows the output _{pressure value p from} (t _v ), the system pressure _{value p sys} (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) - each formed by a small circle _{- for different data tuples formed at different times t v} - and the existing volume flow value Q (t _v ). The data tuples of the four times t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ , t ₄ are particularly emphasized. The vertical distance between the circles corresponds to the pressure loss Δp (t _v ) at the respective point in time (t _v ). Seen, the output pressure value is p _from (t _v) for all detected data tuples on an output pressure value p _booster corresponding line, demonstrating that instead of the actual output pressure values p _from (t _v) of the output pressure setpoint p _booster used without having to accept significant deviations and thus deterioration in the quality of the process.

By assigning the data tuples to one of the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ... ΔQd _n , the result for each volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i is} a set m of pressure loss _{values Δp i, j} (with i = 1 ... n; j = 1 ... . m), which can be used to calculate the respective partial pressure curve. This is in Figure 5 illustrated. At this point it should be pointed out that although previously, in the case of using two or more system points 5a, 5a, a differentiation was made with regard to their location, namely in that this location was referenced by the index k _{at the corresponding system pressure p sys, k, it ultimately} the location of the acquisition does not matter. Because ultimately only the level of the pressure losses and their assignment to a volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i are important} . With two system locations 5a, 5b, only the amount of data tuples recorded in the same time span doubles.

Same result as in Figure 5 is achieved if the steps of the interval allocation and pressure loss calculation are reversed. Thus, according to another embodiment variant, a pressure loss can initially be calculated from the system pressure value p _sys (t _v ), p _{sys, k} (t _v ) and the output set point p _{booster of} the pumping station 1 or the determined output _{pressure value p from} (t _v ) of each data tuple by forming the difference Δp (t _v ) can be determined from the output of the pumping station 1 to the system point 5, 5a, 5b, and then this determined pressure loss Δp (t _v ) can be assigned to a volume flow data interval ΔQd _i on the basis of the volume _{flow value Q (t v) of the respective data tuple.} The time reference is then no longer important. Rather, the pressure loss Δp can be specified as the j-th value of the i-th volume flow data interval ΔQd _i.

The volume flow .DELTA.Q intervals _1, ..., _n are .DELTA.Q completed portions of the volumetric flow range which can be supported by the pumping station. 1 This volume flow range extends from Q = 0 to Q = Q _max , cf. Figure 4 In the event that all pumps 17 of the pumping station 1 are in operation at the same time. The intervals are thus each down through a minimum value or initial value and limited upwards by a maximum value (end value), whereby the maximum value of a volume flow interval ΔQ ₁ corresponds to the minimum value of the next higher volume flow interval ΔQ _{i + 1} or where the minimum value of a volume flow interval ΔQ _i corresponds to the maximum value of the next lower volume flow interval ΔQ _i-1 . The volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n therefore lie next to one another without any gaps. For a mathematically exact interval definition, these values may of course only be assigned to one of the intervals.

According to the invention, a partial pressure curve is established for each volume flow interval ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n. The number n of volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n or the corresponding number of partial pressure curves can in principle be freely selected. In order to ensure a good adaptation of the output pressure of the pumping station 1 to the volume flow-dependent pressure losses of the hydraulic system, at least 6 or 8 volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n should be used. However, the method can also be carried out if only 4 volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n are used. It goes without saying that the adaptation of the control curve to the volume flow-dependent pressure losses of the hydraulic system is more accurate the more volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n are used. Further, in larger pump stations 1, such that with more powerful pumps 17 or more than 2 pumps 17, which also cover corresponding to a larger flow area, the number n of volume flow intervals .DELTA.Q ₁ ..., .DELTA.Q _n are selected to be greater than when in the Figures 1 and 2 1 shown pump station. Thus, 20 or 30 volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _{n can also be} useful.

According to one embodiment variant, the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _{n can} already be established before the method according to the invention is carried out. For example, the volume flow intervals can have a width of 0.5 m ³ / h to 3 m ³ / h, in particular 1 m ³ / h. The definition can also be made by defining the number n, in which case the volume flow range 0 ... Q _max that can be conveyed by the pumping station 1 is or is divided into this number n volume flow intervals ΔQ _{1 ..., ΔQ n.} Appropriately the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n then have essentially the same width, as a result of which the subdivision is simplified.

However, it is not absolutely necessary that the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n all have essentially the same width. For example, a division can be made every 1m ³ / h, with the last interval _{ending at Q max} and being narrower than 1m ³ / h. Alternatively, it can be provided that there are more intervals in the partial load range than in the full load or low load range. The interval width is then correspondingly smaller in the partial load range, so that a more precise adjustment to the actual pressure losses in the hydraulic network is possible here. Thus, alternatively or in combination for determining the number n, the limit values and thus the positions of the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _{n can} already be determined before the method according to the invention is carried out.

According to another embodiment, the volume flow .DELTA.Q intervals _1, ..., _n can .DELTA.Q during the inventive process, ie dynamically during operation, are set in dependence of the determined pressure and flow values. The definition can relate to the number n and / or the width of the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n. Thus, the recoverable from the pumping station 1 flow range 0 ... Q _max may be a function of the determined pressure and flow values to the number n of volume flow .DELTA.Q intervals _1, ..., _n .DELTA.Q be divided. This can be done, for example, on the basis of the volume flow-related density of the data tuples, ie on the basis of the number of pressure values occurring in a specific volume flow range. For example, in a volume flow area in which data tuples accumulate, narrower volume flow intervals, ie more volume flow intervals, can be used than in another volume flow area of the same width in which there are fewer data tuples. In this way, a need-based fine adjustment of the control curve is carried out automatically. It is particularly easy to choose the width of the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ ,..., ΔQ _n such that they include the same or essentially the same number of data tuples.

The flow data intervals ΔQd _1, ..., _n are also ΔQd completed portions of the volume flow range of 0 ... Q _max that can be conveyed from the pump station. 1 With regard to their definition and width, what has been said _{above about the volume flow intervals ΔQ 1} ..., ΔQ _{n applies.} They are thus also limited downwards by a minimum value and upwards by a maximum value. The volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n form a type of data container for assigning the data tuples or the calculated pressure losses Δp _{i, j} to a volume flow range. Each volume flow data interval ΔQd _i correlates with a volume _{flow interval ΔQ i} . This means that each volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i is assigned to} one of the volume _{flow intervals ΔQ i} . In the simplest case, the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _{n are} congruent with the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n . This is the case with the examples in the Figures 5 to 9 the case. Alternatively, the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n can also be offset from the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n . This is for example in the example in Figure 11 the case that will be described below. The partial pressure curves (the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n ) are offset relative to the volume flow relative to the data containers (the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n ), so that the definition of the pressure curves is not made for the same volume flow intervals for the assignment of the data tuples or the pressure losses takes place.

Based on the calculated volumenstromdateninterverall-related pressure drop Dp _{i, j,} for each flow data interval ΔQd _i from the, in particular the totality of this flow data interval ΔQd _i associated pressure losses (n) Dp _{i, j} a representative value Dp _{rep be} determined _i, the one Pressure loss for the respective volume flow data interval or for the volume flow range covering the volume flow data interval. By means of the _{representative value Δp rep, i} , the pressure losses assigned directly or indirectly to a volume flow data interval are combined into a representative value.

The representative _{value Δp rep, i} can be, for example, the maximum value of the _{pressure losses Δp i, j} assigned to _{the corresponding volume flow data interval ΔQd 1} ,..., ΔQd _n . Correspondingly, the greatest value is to be filtered out of the assigned pressure losses Δp _{i, j.} Alternatively, the arithmetic mean or a quantile in the range from 75% to 95% of the total of the _{pressure losses Δp i, j} assigned to _{the corresponding volume flow data interval ΔQd 1} ,..., ΔQd _n can be used as the representative _{value Δp rep, i} . The quantile ensures that outliers in the calculated upward pressure losses are not taken into account when determining the representative value, so that excessively high pressures from the pumping station are avoided and thus energy is saved. The formation of the arithmetic mean of the assigned pressure loss values of a volume flow interval leads to deviations upwards as well as downwards being compensated or averaged.

Figure 6 illustrates the result of determining a representative value Δp _{rep, 1} , Δp _{rep, 2} , Δp _{rep, 3} , ... Δp _{rep, n} for each of the volume flow data interval ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n , here from the amount of one respective volume flow data interval ΔQd _i associated pressure _{losses Δp i, j} the maximum is taken in each case. These representative values Δp _{rep, i} thus indicate that there is no higher pressure loss for the corresponding volume flow interval or at least did not occur during the previous period in which the pressure and volume flow values were recorded.

In an advantageous development, a common default pressure value p _set can then be added to all representative values Δp _{rep, 1} ... Δp _{rep, n} . This default _{pressure value p set} can correspond to the pressure that one would like to have at least at an extraction point 3, also called comfort pressure in jargon. Since the representative values Δp _{rep, i} indicate the maximum pressure loss in the respective volume flow data interval ΔQd ₁ ,..., ΔQd _n , this comfort pressure is also achieved at all extraction points 3 for each volume flow. This addition gives an interval-related setpoint pressure for the pumping station 1, which must at least be achieved for the corresponding volume flow interval in order to ensure the comfort pressure.

This basic idea also includes a variant in which the determination of the representative values Δp _{rep, i} and the addition of the default pressure value p _set are interchanged over time. Thus, according to an alternative embodiment variant, the common default _{pressure value p set can first be added to the pressure losses Δp i, j} and then the respective representative value Δp _{rep, i} can be determined.

By adding the default pressure value p _set , the representative values Δp _{rep, i} in Figure 6 raised by p _set . The result of this increase can be Figure 7 can be removed. The raised representative values Δp _{rep, i} can now be used to define the partial pressure curves.

According to an embodiment variant, the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q),... P _{soll, n} (Q) can be constant pressure curves. In this case, each pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) is defined by a constant setpoint pressure. This variant is in Figure 7 illustrated. The p from the total of partial pressure curves _{will, 1} (Q), ... p _{soll, n} (Q) control curve formed _to p (Q) is then discontinuous. It has a jump at the interval limits, ie at the transition from one partial pressure curve to the next.

If the representative _{values Δp rep, i have been determined} from the sum of the pressure losses Δp _{i, j} and the default value p _set , the constant setpoint pressure of the corresponding pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) can be directly related to the representative _{value Δp rep, i of} that volume flow data interval ΔQd _i correspond, for which the corresponding partial pressure curve p _{should, i} (Q) is at least partially defined. If the default value p _{set has} not yet been _{taken into account in the representative values Δp rep, i} , the constant setpoint pressure of the corresponding pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) _{can alternatively be the sum of the default pressure value p set} and the representative _{value Δp rep, i of} that volume flow data interval ΔQd _i correspond for which the corresponding partial pressure curve p _{should, i is} at least partially defined. It is precisely this second possibility that shows Figure 7 , in which the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q), ... p _{soll, n} (Q) are defined by the sum of the common default value p _set and the corresponding representative _{value Δp rep, i of} the respective volume flow data interval ΔQd _i . Since the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n in Figure 7 are congruent with the volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n , the definition of the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q), ... p _{soll, n} (Q) takes place here not only partially for a respective volume flow data interval ΔQd _i but Completely. If the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _{n were} shifted to the volume flow _{intervals ΔQ 1} , ..., ΔQ _n , this would not be as it is in Figure 11 the case is.

According to another embodiment variant, the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q),... P _{soll, n} (Q) can be proportional pressure curves. In this case, each partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) is defined by a setpoint pressure p _soll (Q) that increases linearly with the volume flow Q. This variant is in Figures 8 and 9 illustrated. The p from the total of partial pressure curves _{will, 1} (Q), ... _{to P, N} (Q) control curve formed _to p (Q) is then steadily. However, it has a kink at the interval limits, a partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) to the next p _{soll, i + 1} (Q).

Figure 8 shows that the representative value Δp _{rep, i} determined and established for a volume flow data interval ΔQd i only defines the setpoint pressure at the beginning of the partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) _{determined for this volume flow data interval ΔQd i compared to a partial constant pressure curve.} In contrast, the representative value Δp _{rep, i + 1} determined and established for the next volume flow data interval ΔQd i + 1 determines the setpoint pressure at the end of this partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q). The partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) is then defined by the line between the two representative values Δp _{rep, i} and Δp _{rep, i + 1} . There Figure 8 on Figure 5 builds up, the added default pressure value p _set is still missing here. This is in Figure 9 considered.

If the representative _{values Δp rep, i have been determined} from the sum of the pressure losses Δp _{i, j} and the default value p _set , the linear setpoint pressure of the corresponding pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) can be formed in such a way that it is based on the Representative _{value Δp rep, i of} that volume flow data interval ΔQd ₁ for which the corresponding partial pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) is at least partially defined, for the first pressure value formed by the representative value Δp _{rep, i + 1 of} the next following volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i + 1} formed second pressure value increases or decreases. If the default value p _set is not yet in the Representative values Δp _{rep, i is} taken into account, as in Figure 9 - The linear setpoint pressure of the corresponding pressure curve p _{soll, i} (Q) can alternatively be formed in such a way that it is determined by the sum of the _{default pressure value p set} and the representative _{value Δp rep, i of} that volume flow data interval ΔQd ₁ for which the corresponding partial pressure curve p _{should, i} (Q) is at least partially defined, the first pressure value, at which the second pressure value, formed by the sum of the default pressure value p _set and the representative value Δp _{i + 1 of} the next following volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i + 1} , rises or falls.

bestimmt werden oder sein, wobei

• p_soll,i der volumenstromabhängige Druck-Sollwert für das i-te Volumenstromintervall,
• Q der Volumenstrom,
• Pset der Vorgabedruckwert,
• Δp_rep,1 der Repräsentanzwert für das i-te Volumenstromdatenintervall,
• Δp_rep,i+1 der Repräsentanzwert für das (i+1)-te Volumenstromdatenintervall,
• ΔQ_i,max der Maximalwert (Endwert) des Volumenstroms im i-ten Volumenstromintervall ist.
• ΔQ_i,min der Minimalwert (Anfangswert) des Volumenstroms im i-ten Volumenstromintervall ist.

The partial proportional pressure curve for the i-th volume flow interval ΔQ _i can preferably be calculated according to the equation: $${\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{target},\mathrm{i}}\left(\mathrm{Q}\right)={\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{set}}+{\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{prep},\mathrm{i}}+\left({\mathrm{\Delta p}}_{\mathrm{rep},\mathrm{i}+1}-{\mathrm{\Delta p}}_{\mathrm{rep},\mathrm{i}}\right)/\left({\mathrm{\Delta Q}}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Max}}-{\mathrm{\Delta Q}}_{\mathrm{i},\min }\right)\cdot \left(\mathrm{Q}-{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{i},\min }\right)$$

be determined or be, where

• p _{soll, i} the volume flow-dependent pressure setpoint for the i-th volume flow interval,
• Q is the volume flow,
• Pset the default pressure value,
• Δp _{rep, 1} the representative value for the i-th volume flow data interval,
• Δp _{rep, i + 1} the representative value for the (i + 1) th volume flow data interval,
• ΔQ _{i, max is} the maximum value (end value) of the volume flow in the i-th volume flow interval.
• ΔQ _{i, min is} the minimum value (initial value) of the volume flow in the i-th volume flow interval.

_{On the basis of this mathematical relationship, the output pressure p out} = p set _{, i} (Q) of the pumping device 1 for all volume flow intervals can be set in a simple manner as a function of the volume flow Q.

According to yet another embodiment variant, some of the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q),... P _{soll, n} (Q) can be constant pressure curves and the remaining part Be proportional pressure curves. Such a mixed variant is in Figure 11 in which the first and the last partial pressure curve pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q), p _{soll, n} (Q) constant pressure curves and the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 2} (Q), ..., p between these _{should, n-1} (Q) are proportional pressure curves.

It may be the case that the pumping station 1 is not operated in all volume flow ranges during the period in which the pressure and volume flow values are recorded _{, so that ΔQd 1} ,..., ΔQd _{n values are not available for all volume flow data intervals.} Is preferably, in the case that one of the flow rate data intervals ΔQd _i no data tuples or no pressure drop Ap (t _v), .DELTA.p _k (t _v) is assigned, as a representative value Dp _{rep, i} for this flow data interval ΔQd the representative value _i Ap _{rep, i -1} , Δp _{rep, i + 1 of} the preceding or following volume flow data interval ΔQd _i-1 ΔQd _{i + 1} can be used. This ensures that the control curve can be defined for the entire volume flow range of the pumping station 1.

Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment variant in which the representative values Δp _{rep, 1} , ... Δp _{rep, n are} not assigned to the beginning of the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n , but approximately to the middle. This means that the definition of the partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q), ... p _{soll, n} (Q) overlaps the volume flow data intervals ΔQd ₁ , ..., ΔQd _n . They each run from the center of one volume flow data interval ΔQd _i to the center of the next volume flow data interval ΔQd _{i + 1} . The volume flow .DELTA.Q intervals _1, ..., _n .DELTA.Q have therefore being the same width as the flow data intervals ΔQd _1, ..., _n ΔQd they are offset to these by half the width. This is in Figure 11 which shows the course of the final partial pressure curves p _{soll, 1} (Q), ... p _{soll, n} (Q).

At the in Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the first volume flow interval ΔQ _{1 is} only half the width of the remaining volume flow intervals ΔQ ₂ ,..., ΔQ _n . This shows that not all volume flow intervals ΔQ ₁ , ..., ΔQ _n have to have the same width.

At the in Figure 11 It should also be noted in the illustrated embodiment that _{a partial constant pressure curve is defined for the first volume flow interval ΔQ 1} , the setpoint value of which is defined by the representative value _{Δp rep, 1} assigned to _{the first volume flow interval ΔQ 1} . In contrast, partial proportional pressure curves are defined for the remaining volume flow intervals ΔQ ₂ , ..., ΔQ _n. This shows that not all partial pressure curves have to be of the same order.

It should also be noted that the maximum pump curve M limits the operating range of the pumping station 1. No operating points beyond this pump curve M can therefore be reached. The pump curve M thus superimposes the control curve p _soll (Q) in the or in the last volume flow interval (s) in such a way that operating points on the partial pressure curve p _{soll, n (Q), formed for the last or possibly penultimate volume flow interval ΔQ n} , n (Q), the beyond the maximum pump curve M would lie on the maximum pump curve M.

Figures 3a and 3b now show a graphic representation of a first and second process sequence according to the invention in its basic steps. In a first step 11, in both variants, data tuples are determined from pressure and volume flow values. In the first procedure in Figure 3a Then in step 12a the assignment of the data tuples to a volume flow data interval follows, which in step 13a is followed by the calculation of a pressure loss for each data tuple. These two steps are in the second process sequence in Figure 3b interchanged, with the calculation of a pressure loss for each data tuple first taking place here in step 12a and then these pressure losses are each assigned to a volume flow data interval in step 13a. The following steps 14, 15, 16 are again the same for both variants. From the calculated pressure losses, a representative value is determined for each volume flow data interval, step 14.From each representative value, a partial pressure curve is then defined for each volume flow interval correlated with the corresponding volume flow data interval, step 15, which is then used to control the pumping station along the lines of the totality of the Subsequent control curve formed partial pressure curves, step 16. The process is then repeated. After step 16, it is continued with step 11 and thus the defined Dynamic control curve, especially adapted again and again. The formation of the partial pressure curves can be described as above. The partial pressure curves can be constant pressure curves, or proportional pressure curves, or partly constant pressure curves and partly proportional pressure curves.

According to a variant, the method according to the invention can be carried out as part of a commissioning procedure immediately after the installation of the pumping station 1. If the method is started, one of the extraction points 3 and / or two or more, in particular all extraction points 3, need only be opened one after the other. At least the downside should be among them. This has the advantage that pressure and volume flow values can be recorded in a short time for the entire conveyable volume flow range of the pumping station 1. Then the data acquisition, step 11, can be ended and the evaluation, steps 12 to 15, can be started.

Alternatively, the method according to the invention can take place independently of the installation of the pumping station 1 as part of its intended operation. This requires a longer period of time until a sufficient number of pressure and volume flow values are recorded. However, there is no commissioning procedure for data acquisition. In both variants, the pumping station can initially be regulated according to a pressure curve that is constant over the entire volume flow.

List of reference symbols

1

Pumping station

2

local supply line

3

Consumer, withdrawal point

4th

Output of the pumping station with pressure sensor

5, 5a, 5b

System location with pressure sensor

6th

Volume flow sensor

7th

Control and regulation unit

8th

Pressure line

9

central supply line

10

building

11

Step operating value recording

12a

Step data tuple mapping

12b

Step pressure loss calculation

13a

Step pressure loss calculation

13b

Step pressure loss assignment

14th

Representative value determination step

15th

Step Creation of the partial pressure curves

16

Step Control of the pumping station using partial pressure curves

17th

Supply line

18th

pump

Claims (18)

1. Method for controlling a pumping station (1) in a hydraulic network that pressurises a medium for conveyance to at least one consumer (3), in which the pressure is set according to a control curve depending on the volume flow (Q) through the pumping station (1), characterised by the control curve being formed by a plurality of partial pressure curves (p_soll,1(Q), ..., p_soll,n(Q)) that are respectively defined for a volume flow interval (ΔQ₁, ...,ΔQ_n) from a number (n), corresponding to the plurality, of adjacent volume flow intervals with no gaps (ΔQ₁, ... ,ΔQ_n) on the basis of pressure and volume flow values of the network that are determined and evaluated for each interval.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised by the pressure and volume flow values comprising data tuples with at least the following chronologically associated values:

   - A system pressure value (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v)) for a system pressure (p_sys, p_sys,k) applied to a system location (5, 5a, 5b) and

   - a volume flow value (Q(t_v)) for the actual volume flow (Q).
3. Method according to claim 2, characterised by the data tuples also encompassing a discharge pressure value (p_aus(t_v)) for the actual discharge pressure (p_aus) at the discharge of the pumping station (1).
4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterised by the data tuples being assigned, according to their respective volume flow value (Q(t_v)), to a volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) that correlates with one of the volume flow intervals (ΔQ_i), and by a pressure loss (Δp_i,j) between the discharge of the pumping station (1) and the system location (5, 5a, 5b) being determined by calculating the difference between the system pressure value (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v)) and a nominal discharge pressure value (p_booster) of the pumping station (1) or the actual discharge pressure value (p_aus(t_v)) for each data tuple.
5. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterised by a pressure loss (Δp_i,j) between the discharge of the pumping station (1) and the system location (5, 5a, 5b) being determined by calculating the difference between the system pressure value (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v)) and a nominal discharge pressure value (p_booster) of the pumping station (1) or the actual discharge pressure value (p_aus(t_v)) for each data tuple, and this pressure loss (Δp_i,j) being assigned to a volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) according to a volume flow value (Q(t_v)) of the respective data tuple that correlates with one of the volume flow intervals (ΔQ_i).
6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterised by a representative value (Δp_rep,i) being determined for each volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) from - in particular the plurality of - the pressure loss(es) (Δp_i,j), (ΔQd_i) assigned to this volume flow data interval.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterised by a common specified pressure value (p_set) being added to all representative values (Δp_rep,i) or a common specified pressure value (p_set) initially being added to the pressure losses (Δp(t_v), Δp_k(t_v)) and the respective representative value (Δp_rep,i) being subsequently determined.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised by the representative value (Δp_rep,i-1, Δp_rep,i+1) of the preceding or subsequent volume flow data interval (ΔQd_{i- 1}, ΔQd_i+1) being used as the representative value (Δp_rep,i) for a volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) in case no data tuple or no pressure loss (Δp(t_v), Δp_k(t_v)) was assigned to one of the volume flow data intervals (ΔQd_i).
9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterised by one, several or all partial pressure curves (p_soll,1(Q), ... p_soll,n(Q)) being constant pressure curves with their nominal pressure respectively corresponding to the representative value (Δp_rep,i) or the sum of the specified pressure value (p_set) and the representative value (Δp_rep,i) of the volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) for which the corresponding partial pressure curve (p_soll,i) is at least in part defined.
10. Method according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterised by one, several or all partial pressure curves (p_soll,1(Q), ... p_soll,n(Q)) being proportional pressure curves with their nominal pressure respectively increasing or decreasing compared to the first pressure value formed by the representative value (Δp_i) or the sum of the specified pressure value (p_set) and the representative value (Δp_rep,i) of the volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i) for which the corresponding partial pressure curve (p_soll,i(Q)) is at least in part defined and the second pressure value formed by the representative value (Δp_i+1) or the sum of the specified pressure value (p_set) and the representative value (Δp_i+1) of the next following volume flow data interval (ΔQd_i).
11. Method according to one of the claims 6 through 10, characterised by the representative value (Δp_rep,i) being the maximum value, the arithmetic mean or a quantile in the range of 75% to 95% of the plurality of the pressure losses (Δp_{i, j}) assigned to the corresponding volume flow data interval (ΔQd₁, ..., ΔQd_n).
12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by the volume flow intervals (ΔQ₁, ..., ΔQ_n) exhibiting an essentially equal width.
13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by the volume flow range (0 ... Q_max) that can be conveyed by the pumping station (1) being divided into the number (n) of volume flow intervals (ΔQ₁, ..., ΔQ_n) according to the determined pressure and volume flow values.
14. Method according to one of the claims 4 through 13, characterised by the volume flow intervals (ΔQ₁, ..., ΔQ_n) being congruent with or offset relative to the volume flow data intervals (ΔQd₁, ..., ΔQd_n).
15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by determining, during the operation of the pumping station (1), when the volume flow (Q) is greater than zero and the pressure value(s) (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v), p_aus(t_v)) and the volume flow value (Q(t_v)) only being determined in this case.
16. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by determining, during the operation of the pumping station (1), when the change in the volume flow (Q) is essentially constant for a period of time and the pressure value(s) (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v), p_aus(t_v)) and the volume flow value (Q(t_v)) only being recorded in this case.
17. Method according to one of the claims 2 through 16, characterised by the system pressure (p_sys(t_v), p_sys,k(t_v)) being determined at a discharge point (5, 5a, 5b) that is hydraulically the most distant from the pumping station (1) and/or at the end of a supply line (2).
18. System for the control of a pumping station (1) in a hydraulic network that pressurises a medium for conveyance to at least one consumer (3), in which the pressure can be set according to a control curve depending on the volume flow (Q) through the pumping station, characterised by the system being configured to form the control curve from a plurality of partial pressure curves (p_soll,1(Q), ... p_soll,n(Q)), and to define these partial pressure curves (p_soll,1(Q), ... p_soll,n(Q)) respectively for a volume flow interval (ΔQ₁, ... ,ΔQ_n) from a number (n), corresponding to the plurality, of adjacent volume flow intervals with no gaps (ΔQ₁, ...,ΔQ_n) on the basis of pressure and volume flow values of the network that are determined and evaluated for each interval.

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