EP3265605B1 - An electrically conductive textile element and method of producing same - Google Patents

An electrically conductive textile element and method of producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3265605B1
EP3265605B1 EP16758509.0A EP16758509A EP3265605B1 EP 3265605 B1 EP3265605 B1 EP 3265605B1 EP 16758509 A EP16758509 A EP 16758509A EP 3265605 B1 EP3265605 B1 EP 3265605B1
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Prior art keywords
textile element
metal
cotton
textile
copper
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EP16758509.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3265605A1 (en
EP3265605A4 (en
Inventor
Zijian Zheng
Casey YAN
Lee Cheung LAU
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Epro Development Ltd
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Epro Development Ltd
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Publication of EP3265605A4 publication Critical patent/EP3265605A4/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
    • D06M14/04—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin of vegetal origin, e.g. cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/38—Coating with copper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
    • D06M13/513—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond with at least one carbon-silicon bond
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
    • D06M14/06—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin of animal origin, e.g. wool or silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/08—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin
    • D06M14/12—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M14/14—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/08—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin
    • D06M14/12—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M14/16—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
    • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrically conductive textile elements and methods of producing same.
  • SI-ATRP is not able to be suitable performed under ambient conditions and requires nitrogen protection.
  • SI-ATRP reaction involves a relatively long period of time (-24 hours) which is undesirable and not cost-effective for mass production.
  • CN102995395A and CN102121194B disclose the modification of silanised textiles with positively charged polyelectrolytes. Plating with a metal is then performed after a treatment step with [PdCl4]2-catalyst.
  • the present invention seeks to alleviate at least one of the above-described problems.
  • the negatively-charged polyelectrolyte may includes at least one of poly(methacrylic acid sodium salt) and poly(acrylic acid sodium salt).
  • the metal particles may include at least one of copper and nickel particles.
  • the textile element may include at least one of a yarn and a fiber configured for being formed in to a fabric.
  • the textile element may include at least one of a polyester, nylon, cotton and silk yarn or fiber.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for producing an electrically conductive textile element according to claim 7.
  • the negatively-charged polyelectrolyte may include at least one of poly(methacrylic acid sodium salt) and poly(acrylic acid sodium salt).
  • the coating apparatus may be configured to coat the modified surface of the textile element with metal particles by electroless metal deposition.
  • the metal particles may include at least one of copper and nickel particles.
  • the textile element may include at least one of a yarn and a fiber configured for being formed in to a fabric.
  • the textile element may include at least one of a polyester, nylon, cotton and silk yarn or fiber.
  • the present invention provides an electrically conductive textile element produced in accordance with the method steps of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a fabric formed from at least one textile element wherein the at least one textile element is produced in accordance with the method steps of the present invention.
  • a procedure for preparing PMANa polyelectrolytes on textile substrates such as cotton yarn is illustrated schematically.
  • the embodiment involves an in-situ free radical polymerization method which may be performed upon cotton yarns by way of example to prepare poly(methacrylic acid sodium salt) (PMANa)-coated cotton yarns. Subsequent ion exchange, ion reduction and electroless deposition of metal particles onto the PMANa-coated cotton yarns may then be performed in order to yield electrically conductive cotton yarns of suitable quality for production on a commercial scale. It should be noted that this embodiment may also be applicable to the preparation of PAANa polyelectrolytes on textile substrates.
  • the cotton yarns are then rinsed thoroughly with fresh deionized (DI) water so as to remove any excess physical adsorbed silane and byproduct molecules.
  • DI deionized
  • the rinsed cotton yarns are then placed into an oven at 100-120°C for between approximately 15-30 minutes to complete the condensation reaction.
  • the silane-modified cotton yarns are immersed into approximately 50 mL aqueous solution comprising of 3-7g of MANa powder and 35-75mg of K2S2O8 (similarly, AANa powder may be used in respect of PAANa polyelectrolytes).
  • the whole solution mixture with cotton yarns is heated at 60-80°C in an oven for 0.5-1 hour in order to carry out the free radical polymerization.
  • the double bond of silane can be opened by the free radicals resulting in the growth of PMANa polyelectrolyte onto the cotton fiber surface.
  • This step of free radical polymerisation is represented by (110) in Fig. 1 .
  • the PMANa-coated cotton yarns are immersed into a 39 g/L copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate solution for 0.5-1 hour, where the Cu2+ ions are immobilized onto the polymer by ion exchange.
  • Cu2+ will be reduced to Cu particles which act as nucleation sites for the growth of Cu in the subsequent electroless deposition of Cu. This step of ion exchange and reduction is represented by (120) in Fig. 1 .
  • the polymer-coated cotton after reduction in sodium borohydride solution is immersed in a copper electroless plating bath consisting of 12 g/L sodium hydroxide, 13 g/L copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, 29 g/L potassium sodium tartrate, and 9.5 mL/L formaldehyde in water for 60-180 minutes.
  • the as-synthesized Cu-coated yarns are rinsed with deionized (DI) water and blown dry.
  • DI deionized
  • the step of performing electroless metal deposition is represented by (130) in Fig. 1 and an exemplary Cu-coated cotton yarn produced in accordance with the methods steps of this first embodiment is represented by (200) in Fig. 2 .
  • FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • the PMANa-grafted cotton is also able to be characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It is shown in Fig. 4 that polymerization of MANa leaves the cotton sample with a sodium element which indicates the presence of PMANa. Referring further to the Fig. 5 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, no obvious difference between the morphology on the surfaces of silanized cotton fiber surface and the raw cotton fiber surfaces may be visibly evident. However, after polymerization of PMANa upon the silanized cotton fiber surface, it is notable that a layer of coating had been wrapped on the cotton fiber surface. Figures 5D-F show that the copper metal particles are deposited relatively evenly, without any signs of cracks.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the conductivity of the copper-coated cotton yarns is able to be characterized by a two-probe electrical testing method.
  • linear resistance of the copper-coated yarns in the fabrication is found to be ⁇ 1.4 ⁇ /cm as shown in Fig. 6A , and with superior tensile properties compared to the untreated cotton yarns, with both increase in tensile extension (+33.6 %) and maximum load (+27.3 %) as shown in Fig. 6B .
  • the increase in tensile extension and maximum load is perceived to be due to the reinforcement on the strength of cotton yarns by a layer of copper.
  • the copper-coated cotton yarns are first woven into a fabric first.
  • As-synthesized copper-coated cotton yarns shown in Fig. 7A are firstly wound upon a cone as shown in Fig. 7B by use of an industrial yarn winder. Thereafter, the cone is transferred to a CCI weaving machine as shown in Fig. 7C whereby the copper-coated yarns are woven into a fabric.
  • the copper-coated cotton yarns are configured to form the wefts of the fabric while the warps of the fabric are formed by the untreated cotton yarns as shown in the inset image of Fig. 7D which are initially mounted on the weaving machine.
  • 1 washing cycle is equivalent to approximately 5 commercial machine laundering cycles. In total, 6 washing cycles are conducted, which accordingly, is considered to equate to approximately 30 commercial machine laundering cycles.
  • Changes in the electrical resistance of the washed fabrics are able to be evaluated using a four-probe method whereby the sheet resistances of the fabrics produced in accordance with this embodiment are measured to be 0.9 ⁇ 0.2 ohm/sq (unwashed), and 73.8 ⁇ 13.4 ohm/sq after the fourth wash which is equivalent to approximately 20 commercial machine laundering cycles as shown in Fig. 8 .
  • the surface morphology of the washed copper-coated cotton yarns are able to be characterized by unraveled the washed copper-coated cotton yarns from the fabric and examined under an SEM. As shown in the SEM images of Fig. 9 , it is visibly evident that the copper metal particles are retained on the surface of the cotton fibers. One perceived reason for the increase in sheet resistance is due to the loosened structure of the cotton fibers arising from repeated washing cycles.
  • nickel metal particles may instead be electrolessly plated on to the textile surface by using the same approach described above.
  • the source of nickel that may be utilised is 120 g/L nickel(II) sulphate solution in the ion exchange procedure.
  • an electroless nickel plating bath is utilised consisting of 40 g/L nickel sulphate hexahydrate, 20 g/L sodium citrate, 10 g/L lactic acid, and 1 g/L dimethylamine borane (DMAB) in water for 60-180 minutes.
  • the sheet resistance of the resulting nickel-coated cotton fabric is found to exhibit substantially similar results as that of the copper coated fiber yarns as shown in Fig. 8 .
  • an exemplary nickel-coated cotton fabric is represented by (300) which exhibits a high degree of evenness of nickel metal, with bulk resistance measured as 3.2 ⁇ .
  • an exemplary PAANa-assisted copper-coated yarn produced in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown represented by (400) in Fig. 11A
  • an exemplary PAANa-assisted nickel-coated silk yarn produced in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown represented by (500) in Fig.
  • an exemplary PAANa-assisted copper-coated nylon yarn produced in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown represented by (600) in Fig 12A
  • an exemplary polyester fabric formed from PAANa-assisted copper-coated nylon yarn produced in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is represented by (700) in Fig. 12B .
  • electrically conductive textile elements may be produced which may be suitably flexible, wearable, durable and/or washable for integration into a textile/fabric.
  • electrically conductive textile elements fibers, yarns and fabrics
  • such high performance electrically conductive textile elements may be produced utilising relatively low-cost technology cost-effectively on a mass scale based upon the chemical reaction of in-situ free radical polymerization to grow negatively-charged polyelectrolytes such as PMANa or PAANa on textile substrates which may conveniently provide an improved negatively-charged polyelectrolyte layer bridging the electrolessly deposited metal and textile elements and substrates.
  • the adhesion of conductive metal to textile substrates may be greatly improved by such surface modification of a layer of negatively-charged polyelectrolyte PMANa or PAANa, in which the electrical performance of such conductive textiles may be more reliable, robust and durable under repeated cycles of rubbing, stretching, and washing.
  • the in-situ free radical polymerization method used to prepare the negatively-charged polyelectrolyte may be performed under ambient and aqueous conditions without using any strong chemicals.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
EP16758509.0A 2015-03-03 2016-02-16 An electrically conductive textile element and method of producing same Active EP3265605B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16758509T PL3265605T3 (pl) 2015-03-03 2016-02-16 Elektrycznie przewodzący element tekstylny i sposób jego wytwarzania

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HK15102150 2015-03-03
PCT/IB2016/000132 WO2016139521A1 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-02-16 An electrically conductive textile element and method of producing same

Publications (3)

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EP3265605A1 EP3265605A1 (en) 2018-01-10
EP3265605A4 EP3265605A4 (en) 2018-10-24
EP3265605B1 true EP3265605B1 (en) 2021-06-02

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US (2) US20180080171A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3265605B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6736573B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN107614783B (zh)
ES (1) ES2884301T3 (zh)
HK (2) HK1220860A2 (zh)
HU (1) HUE055483T2 (zh)
PL (1) PL3265605T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016139521A1 (zh)

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US10926324B2 (en) * 2016-07-27 2021-02-23 Epro Development Limited Production of silicon nano-particles and uses thereof
KR101863276B1 (ko) * 2017-01-12 2018-05-31 한국과학기술연구원 용해 공정을 이용한 복합 재료 리페어 방법 및 장치
TWI671453B (zh) 2018-09-14 2019-09-11 安炬科技股份有限公司 石墨烯導電織物之製造方法
KR102620871B1 (ko) 2020-12-10 2024-01-04 인하대학교 산학협력단 번역 기반 문장 데이터 변형과 딥러닝 보정을 이용한 문장 분류 데이터 증강 방법 및 장치
CN114277474A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-05 江南大学 一种纱线表面镀层的方法

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Publication number Publication date
JP6736573B2 (ja) 2020-08-05
WO2016139521A1 (en) 2016-09-09
PL3265605T3 (pl) 2022-01-31
EP3265605A1 (en) 2018-01-10
HUE055483T2 (hu) 2021-11-29
US20180080171A1 (en) 2018-03-22
US20200071877A1 (en) 2020-03-05
JP2018512514A (ja) 2018-05-17
CN107614783B (zh) 2020-11-17
HK1248780A1 (zh) 2018-10-19
CN107614783A (zh) 2018-01-19
ES2884301T3 (es) 2021-12-10
HK1220860A2 (zh) 2017-05-12
EP3265605A4 (en) 2018-10-24

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