CN111139637B - 一种涂覆织物基材及其制备方法与使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种涂覆织物基材及其制备方法与使用方法，涂覆织物基材包括以羟基氧化铁、水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭和石墨烯为原料组分制成的浆料涂覆到织物表面制备而得，其中，所述羟基氧化铁、水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯的质量比为100:10～50:10～50:0～10:0～10:0～10，并提供涂覆织物基材的制备方法与使用方法，本发明的涂覆织物基材在保留织物柔性的同时负载更多的导电物质，提高织物的导电性，是一种应用前景非常好的柔性基材。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种织物基材及其制备方法和与使用方法，尤其涉及一种涂覆织物基材及其制备方法和与使用方法，属于纺织材料技术领域。
背景技术
导电织物是一种新的复合功能材料，它在保留了织物原有的柔软特性同时，又展现了它在传感、储能等方面的潜在应用可能性。除了将导电金丝等与非导电纱线混编的方法，制备导电织物最常见的方式就是以织物作为基材，将导电物质通过物理或者化学的方法沉积到织物的纤维表面。但是由于尼龙和氨纶纤维其分子链上的官能团不像纤维素纤维上那么多，因此其吸附导电物质的能力没有纤维素纤维强，这会导致最终的导电物质在织物上的沉积量偏小。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的第一目的旨在提供一种使织物负载更多的导电物质、提高织物的导电性的涂覆织物基材；本发明的第二目的旨在提供该涂覆织物基材的制备方法；本发明的第三目的是提供涂覆织物基材在导电织物中的使用方法。
技术方案：本发明的涂覆织物基材，包括以羟基氧化铁、水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭和石墨烯为原料组分制成的浆料涂覆到织物表面制备而得，其中，羟基氧化铁、水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯的质量比为100:10～50:10～50:0～10:0～10:0～10。
本发明的涂覆织物基材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将FeCl3水溶液恒温搅拌下进行水解反应，冷却，洗涤并离心收集溶液中的橙黄色沉淀，即得羟基氧化铁；
(2)将羟基氧化铁、水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯混合制成浆料；
(3)将浆料涂覆到织物表面，然后焙烘，经过反复涂覆-焙烘循环操作后即得到涂覆织物基材。
进一步地，步骤(1)中FeCl3水溶液的质量浓度为180～250g/L；恒温温度为85～100℃；水解反应时间为3～6h，离心速率5000～10000r/min。
进一步地，步骤(3)中涂覆方法为单向涂刷或纵横交替涂刷；织物为尼龙、氨纶或两者的复合织物中的一种；焙烘温度为90～130℃；涂覆-焙烘循环次数为1～8次。
本发明的涂覆织物基材在导电织物中的使用方法，包括如下步骤：以聚吡咯或聚苯胺中的一种或两种为导电物质，将涂覆织物基材与其进行化学氧化聚合、恒电流聚合、恒电位聚合、循环伏安电化学聚合或脉冲电流聚合，制备导电织物。
将羟基氧化铁涂覆到织物纤维上作为支架，可以提高织物对导电物质的负载量，从而提高织物的导电性，较好的导电性可以使导电织物在传感、储能等领域具有更好的性能表现，为了提高尼龙、氨纶或其复合纤维上导电物质的沉积量，将织物基材进行修饰以提高其表面粗糙度和比表面积。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著优点：本发明的羟基氧化铁中氧原子能与织物纤维之间产生相互作用力，从而使羟基氧化铁固定在纤维表面，无需交联剂，由于羟基氧化铁作为支架修饰织物纤维，为导电物质提供了更多的沉积位点；本发明的制备方法在浆料中加入少量导电性良好的碳材料，以便所制备基材不仅能够通过原位化学聚合法负载聚吡咯或聚苯胺，还能够作为工作电极，通过电化学聚合的方法使聚吡咯或聚苯胺沉积到本发明的羟基氧化铁涂覆织物上；本发明中羟基氧化铁的制备及其涂覆到织物表面的工艺都非常简单，可大规模操作；所得到的羟涂覆织物作为柔性基材可以负载更多的聚吡咯或聚苯胺等导电物质，从而制得仍具有柔性的导电织物，在可穿戴设备中具有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明羟基氧化铁涂覆织物基材的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
将180g/L FeCl3水溶液置于温度为85℃恒温水浴锅中并使FeCl3水溶液处于被搅拌状态，水解反应3h后停止搅拌并关闭恒温水浴锅，待FeCl3水溶液在水浴锅的余温下自然冷却，通过去离子水反复洗涤并离心收集溶液中的橙黄色沉淀，即羟基氧化铁，其中离心速率为5000r/min；将羟基氧化铁、去离子水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯按质量比100:50:10:0:0:10制成浆料并单向涂刷到尼龙织物上，随后在焙烘机中焙烘，焙烘温度设置为90℃，涂覆-焙烘操作循环1次后取出即得到羟基氧化铁涂覆织物基材，增重1.1mg/cm2。
实施例2
将250g/L FeCl3水溶液置于温度为100℃恒温水浴锅中并使FeCl3水溶液处于被搅拌状态，水解反应6h后停止搅拌并关闭恒温水浴锅，待FeCl3水溶液在水浴锅的余温下自然冷却，通过去离子水反复洗涤并离心收集溶液中的橙黄色沉淀，即羟基氧化铁，其中离心速率为10000r/min；将羟基氧化铁、去离子水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯按质量比100:25:25:10:5:5制成浆料并单向涂刷到氨纶织物上，随后在焙烘机中焙烘，焙烘温度设置为130℃，涂覆-焙烘操作循环8次后取出即得到羟基氧化铁涂覆织物基材，增重3.2mg/cm2。
实施例3
将220g/L FeCl3水溶液置于温度为90℃恒温水浴锅中并使FeCl3水溶液处于被搅拌状态，水解反应5h后停止搅拌并关闭恒温水浴锅，待FeCl3水溶液在水浴锅的余温下自然冷却，通过去离子水反复洗涤并离心收集溶液中的橙黄色沉淀，即羟基氧化铁，其中离心速率为7000r/min；将羟基氧化铁、去离子水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯按质量比100:10:50:5:10:0制成浆料并纵横交替涂刷到尼龙/氨纶复合织物上，随后在焙烘机中焙烘，焙烘温度设置为110℃，涂覆-焙烘操作循环5次后取出即得到羟基氧化铁涂覆织物基材，增重2.8mg/cm2。
对比例1
将丙酮滴加到尼龙织物表面，然后转移该织物到质量浓度为180g/L的FeCl3的水溶液中，浸泡10min并在85℃水浴锅中恒温水浴搅拌，搅拌时间为3h，Fe3+发生水解反应形成羟基氧化铁并沉积在织物表面；待所得物冷却后，清洗干净并烘干，即得到羟基氧化铁修饰的织物电极基材，增重0.52mg/cm2。
通过对比例1与实施例1-3的比较，本专利采用涂覆的方法使织物承载一定量的羟基氧化铁，这种涂覆的方法可以根据涂覆-焙烘的循环次数大致控制羟基氧化铁在织物上的增重量，比将织物放置FeCl3溶液里任其自由吸附的增重量要高很多。
Claims (2)
1.一种涂覆织物基材的制备方法，其特征在于：将250 g/L FeCl3水溶液置于温度为100℃恒温水浴锅中并使FeCl3水溶液处于被搅拌状态，水解反应6h后停止搅拌并关闭恒温水浴锅，待FeCl3水溶液在水浴锅的余温下自然冷却，通过去离子水反复洗涤并离心收集溶液中的橙黄色沉淀，即羟基氧化铁，其中离心速率为10000 r/min；将羟基氧化铁、去离子水、乙醇、乙炔黑、活性炭、石墨烯按质量比100:25:25:10:5:5制成浆料并单向涂刷到氨纶织物上，随后在焙烘机中焙烘，焙烘温度设置为130 ℃，涂覆-焙烘操作循环8次后取出即得到羟基氧化铁涂覆织物基材。
2.一种权利要求1所述涂覆织物基材的制备方法所制得的涂覆织物基材在导电织物中的使用方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：以聚吡咯或聚苯胺中的一种或两种为导电物质，将所述涂覆织物基材与其进行化学氧化聚合、恒电流聚合、恒电位聚合、循环伏安电化学聚合或脉冲电流聚合，制备导电织物。
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