EP3260631A1 - Bricks and fastening system for wall - Google Patents

Abstract

A fixing system for masonry walls, comprising: a cubic shaped body (12) having a top (14) and a bottom (16), - An anchor (20) which is embedded in the body (12) and which has at least one elongated guide (22) for a fastening element (40), wherein the guide (22) along the top (14) of the body (12 ).

Description

The present invention relates to bricks as well as a fastening system for brick walls formed by masonry, especially for thermal and seismic requirements.

background

For the seismic safety of buildings, it is not only necessary to provide a largely earthquake-resistant support structure, but also earthquake-resistant wall structures. A z. B. made of reinforced concrete or steel beams support structure of a building may have multiple compartments between structural structural components, which are typically bricked by brick. Such walled compartments or wall slices formed from bricks may tend to crack and crack due to seismic activity. In the worst case, such wall slices or individual stones can detach from the building and fall down in an uncontrolled manner.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved bricks and a fastening system for wall formed from such masonry walls, characterized by a high degree of earthquake safety and by a particularly good, durable and thermally resilient connection to load supporting structural components of a building. The fastening system and associated bricks should also be characterized by the lowest possible weight and good thermal insulation properties.

Advantageous embodiments

This object is achieved with bricks according to claims 1 and 9 and with a fastening system for wall walls according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of each dependent claims.

According to a first aspect, a brick is provided with a cubically shaped body. The body has a top and a bottom. The brick is also provided with an anchoring, which is embedded in the cubic body. The anchoring has at least one elongate guide for a fastening element. The guide extends along the top of the cubic shaped body. The guide is accessible in particular from the top of the body. The top and bottom of the brick are typically designed to be far reaching, so that they can be complemented with similar, at least similarly shaped bricks to form a wall or a wall plate.

By embedding an anchorage in the body of the brick, a particularly good and durable connection of anchoring and brick can be provided. The anchoring is an integral part of the brick and is connected by the embedding indissoluble with the brick. For the construction-side connection of the brick to the supporting structure of a building, only the anchoring of the brick by means of the fastening element to a support structure component, for example, to a steel beam and / or to a reinforced concrete structure, for example, to attach a reinforced concrete support.

By embedding the anchorage in the body of the brick, a separate connection of masonry and anchoring can be omitted. Furthermore, can By embedding the anchoring in the brick a particularly good and resilient connection of anchoring and body of the brick are provided. An anchor or other separately produced connections anchoring and body of the brick can be omitted in this way.

The provision of an elongated guide along the top of the body proves to be advantageous from a technical point of view. In accordance with the longitudinal extent of the guide, the brick can namely be variably positioned with respect to a fastening element fixedly fixed, for example, with respect to its position. On-site provided or to be provided fasteners can be positioned and provided within a relatively large tolerance measure, as long as the tolerance dimension is smaller than the longitudinal extent of the leadership of the anchorage.

The guide may have an extension of several centimeters, for example more than 5 cm, for example more than 10 cm or more than 15 cm. In that regard, a variable with respect to the longitudinal extent of the guide positioning of the brick is provided relative to the provided on-site fastener. Also, this can be easily compensated for any building or wall tolerances.

The anchoring, in particular the guidance of the anchoring is already provided before a manufacturing process of the body. The cubic shaped body of the brick typically consists of a hardenable casting material. In terms of manufacturing, the anchoring is provided in a formwork for the formation of the brick and arranged in this, before the formwork is poured with casting material. As soon as the casting compound has cured, it can be removed from the formwork together with the anchoring embedded in it.

According to one embodiment, the guide has a cross-sectionally C-shaped anchor rail. The anchor rail may extend, for example, in the direction of the thickness of the brick. The thickness of the brick gives the wall thickness of one from wall stones formed wall disk before. For example, in a final assembly configuration, the guide may extend perpendicularly or obliquely to the plane of the wall surface formed by multiple bricks. If, for example, the wall surface extends in a plane formed by the coordinates Z and X, then the guide can run perpendicularly thereto, namely in the Y direction.

The anchor rail is typically made of metal, preferably of a steel material, such as hot-dip galvanized steel or stainless steel. An anchor rail, which is C-shaped in cross-section, allows a positive and / or non-positive connection with the fastening element, which is e.g. may have a complementary designed to the profile of the anchor rail head.

According to a further embodiment, the anchor rail on two mutually parallel legs with each other facing and in each case inward, that is to be projected towards each other leg ends. The leg ends which are typically angled towards one another and inwardly form a guide slot. The guide slot has a clear width, which is typically smaller than a corresponding outer dimension of the fastener to be inserted into the guide.

Furthermore, the anchor rail has at least one section with a slot broadening between the leg ends. A clear width between the leg ends is greater in the area of the slot widening than in the area of the guide slot. The clear width of the slot widening is typically greater than a corresponding outer contour of the fastening element which can be inserted into the anchor rail. The fastener, e.g. in the form of a sliding block can be placed, for example, in the region of the slot broadening between the legs and then displaced in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rail from the region of the slot widening towards the guide slot. Typically, the slot broadening is provided at a longitudinal end of the anchor rail.

The slot broadening between the leg ends allows for subsequent insertion of the fastener in the anchor rail, namely after the anchor rail is already embedded in the body of the brick.

Alternatively, it is also conceivable to design the anchor rail slot broadening free, so that the anchor rail along its longitudinal extent has a consistently wide guide slot. In such an embodiment, it is provided to place the fastener already in the anchor rail before it is embedded in the brick.

According to a further embodiment, the leadership of the anchorage is flush mounted in the top of the body of the brick. It is alternatively conceivable that the guide is embedded recessed from the top in the cubic body. A flush or slightly recessed arrangement of the guide in or at the top of the cubic shaped body allows a walling of the brick with similar or different bricks, but at least in thickness and height have the same outer dimensions as the present brick.

Due to the flush or recessed embedding in the top of the brick in question is also visually marked from the outside. For the end user is so far immediately and immediately apparent that it is the brick of the invention. Furthermore, the orientation of the brick is directly visible through the embedded in the top of the brick guide.

According to a further embodiment, the anchoring on a support which is flush mounted embedded in the underside of the body and which is structurally connected to the guide. The support is located on the underside of the body, for example directly opposite the guide provided on the top. By means of the support, any forces absorbed by the guide can be introduced or transmitted via the anchoring in the support. The mechanical stresses on the cubically shaped body can be reduced in this respect.

It is particularly conceivable that the anchorage forms a load path of the brick or for the brick. Over the leadership, forces can be anchored initiated and transferred via the support from the anchorage and in adjacently arranged bricks or transferred. A reverse flow of force is equally conceivable here, namely that initiated via the support any forces in the anchorage and finally on the guide and the fastener engaged hereby in-house predetermined support structure components, for example, in a steel beam or reinforced concrete beam and in ceiling or wall elements are derived can.

The anchoring penetrates the brick completely, so to speak, from the top to the bottom. The anchoring thus forms a load-transferring bridge through the brick. The stability of the brick as well as its attachment to adjacent bricks or structural structural components of the building can be improved in this way.

According to a further embodiment, the support and the leadership of the anchorage via a connector tensile and pressure-stable connected to each other. The connector may in this case be completely enclosed by the cubically shaped body and embedded in the body. The connector can also act as a reinforcement and / or reinforcement for the cubic shaped body of the brick. The connector can increase the stability of the brick and its mechanical strength. The connector may include one or more beam components that are rigidly connected, typically welded together. The connector is typically rigidly connected at one end to the support and is typically rigidly connected to the guide at an opposite end.

According to a further embodiment, the support has a sleeve with a radially widened flange, which is embedded flush in the bottom of the cubically shaped body. The provision of a radially widened or otherwise formed flange on the underside of the brick enhances the application of force or force to adjacent components, such as a structural structural member of the building or to or into an adjacent further brick. The widened flange of the support, which typically extends parallel to the underside of the body of the brick, increases the investment and support surface anchoring the brick in the bottom of the brick.

By means of a comparatively large flange on the underside of the brick not only mechanical peak or point loads can be counteracted. Rather, the brick can also be positioned parallel to the flange plane and within a given by the size of the flange tolerance measure in or on the wall to be formed. The outwardly widening of the sleeve flange of the support allows a comparatively large overlap area with an underlying force or load-bearing structure of another brick. The widened flange of the support provides in any case a sufficient overlap with the underlying force or load-bearing structure.

The sleeve of the anchorage may be formed according to a further embodiment for fixing a protruding from the underside of the brick extension. The sleeve may be configured, for example, for clamping receiving an example, pin-like extension. Also, the sleeve may for example be provided with an internal thread to screw a provided with a corresponding external thread pin or extension from below into the sleeve.

The provided on the underside of the brick sleeve thus provides a mounting opening for an extension, for example, a pin ready, over which a further positive connection with an underlying brick can be formed. Manufacturing technology is provided to arrange the extension until immediately before a walling of the brick on the sleeve. In this way, the brick in the delivery state have a far-reaching smooth bottom. This allows a particularly high packing density of such bricks and thus a cheap transport.

In addition, by providing a mounting option on the underside of the brick of the skilled worker himself and individually decide whether he has a relevant brick with an protruding from the bottom extension would like to design. For a ground connection or for bricks, which are to be arranged as a first layer directly on a floor slab, such an extension can be dispensable and superfluous.

In another aspect, another brick is provided with a cubically shaped body having a top and a bottom. That brick has at least one receptacle located in the upper side for insertion of an extension, wherein the appendix protrudes from an underside of a brick arranged above it. The receptacle, like the guide and / or the support, may be part of an anchorage which is completely embedded in the body of the brick or which passes through the brick from one side to an opposite side.

But it may also be sufficient that the brick described here only has a receptacle on its upper side, which can form a kind of positive connection together with an extension which protrudes from the underside of a previously described brick. The receptacle on or in the top of the body of the brick may be formed as a recess in the material of the brick. However, the receptacle can also be formed by a receiving body embedded in the body, for example by a hollow body, which protects the receptacle against the ingress of casting material in the manufacturing process of the brick.

The receptacle on the top of the brick is in a fixed predetermined position with respect to the outer dimensions of the body of the brick. Likewise, the support or its sleeve is located at a fixed predetermined position on the underside of an overlying brick. In the course of the formation of a masonry, such as staggered joints in each row of walls, enters a downwardly projecting extension of an upper brick into a receptacle below it at the top of an underlying masonry.

The mutual engagement of extension and receptacle increases the structural rigidity and strength of the wall plate or wall formed with such bricks.

The extension of an upper brick, which engages with a receptacle of an underlying lower brick, can reinforce the wall panel or wall in a direction perpendicular to the wall plane as well as horizontally along the wall plane and protect against breakout of individual stones.

According to a further embodiment, the receptacle has a sleeve embedded in the body with a radially widened and flush-mounted in the top flange. The recessed in the top flange can act as an abutment for supporting the anchoring of the overlying brick. In particular, provided on the underside of the upper stone radially widened flange at the recessed on the upper side of the underlying brick wall flange of the sleeve undergo immediate support and stabilization. In particular, the flanges or flange portions of the receptacle of a lower stone and the support of an upper stone can be geometrically adapted to each other, so that in any located within the proposed tolerance measure position of the bricks to each other a sufficient planar support of the anchoring of the upper brick on the lower brick can be done.

According to a further embodiment, the body of the brick contains aerated concrete, suspension concrete and / or non-autoclaved aerated concrete. It may further be provided that the body of the brick consists essentially of aerated concrete, of suspension concrete or non-autoclaved aerated concrete. In particular non-autoclaved aerated concrete, so-called "non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC)" concrete is suitable for a particularly cost-effective mass production. Such concrete materials can be characterized by a particularly low specific gravity in a range of 500 kg / m ³ to 800 kg / m ³ and by a low thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / mK to 0.5 W / mK. Also, such cellular concrete materials may have a compressive strength in the range of 2.0 N / mm ² to 7.5 N / mm ² .

The abovementioned materials which can be provided in the form of a hardenable casting compound can also be obtained by a particularly low water absorption characterized, which can counteract a later mold and an increase in weight of the cured material.

It is also conceivable for a single brick to have both a previously described anchoring with at least one guide extending along the top of the body and a receptacle for introducing an extension located at another location on the top. The receptacle on the upper side of the body as well as the elongated guide at the top of the body are arranged at a predetermined grid spacing, so that when properly formed a brick wall a typically projecting from the bottom of a first brick extension or threaded sleeve in the receptacle of an underlying second brick can intervene.

According to a further aspect, finally, a fastening system for wall walls is provided. The fastening system has at least one connecting rail, which is to be anchored in a stationary manner, and at least one first of the above-described bricks, which is provided with an anchoring embedded in the cubically shaped body. The fastening system further comprises a wall anchor, which is connectable to the connecting rail and with the guidance of the anchoring of the brick.

About the wall anchors so far a particularly stable permanent fixture of the brick can be provided directly to the connecting rail. By the brick is provided on its upper side with an elongated guide, the wall anchor can be positioned according to the longitudinal extent of the guide. It is also possible to make the positioning of the brick relative to the connecting rail within the given by the longitudinal extent of the guide tolerance measure arbitrarily. The wall anchor may in particular have a flat iron or a flat steel piece, which can be embedded in a joint of masonry to be formed with the bricks.

In addition to a wall in a joint, however, a pressure and tension stable connection between the wall anchor and the guide of the brick is provided.

In mounting position, the wall anchor can protrude, for example, from one end of the wall plate or wall. A part of the wall anchor projecting from the wall engages with the connecting rail. The wall anchor is typically movable along the longitudinal extent of the connecting rail in this slidably mounted. It is typically positively connected to the connecting rail.

According to a further embodiment of the fastening system, the connecting rail has a C-shaped cross-sectional profile. The wall anchor is further provided with a head portion which is positively connected to the cross-sectional profile of the connecting rail. The connecting rail may, for example, similar to the anchor rail have two parallel legs with facing each other and each inwardly projecting leg ends. The head portion of the wall anchor may have an according to the leg ends designed or hereby complementarily shaped undercut or recess.

The head portion of the wall anchor itself can be designed widened compared to the inwardly projecting leg ends of the connecting rail. Assembly technology, the wall anchor slightly obliquely inserted through the guide slot formed by the leg ends of the connecting rail and then rotated or pivoted so that the widened head portion inside the C-shaped cross-sectional profile of the connecting rail, so that pulling out of the wall anchor is blocked from the connecting rail.

Such a fastening concept of connecting rail and wall anchor requires no further fastening means. The wall anchor can be particularly easily and intuitively inserted with its head portion in the cross-sectional profile of the connecting rail and by mere twisting within the Cross-sectional profile of the connecting rail form fit with this engage or lock with the connecting rail.

According to a further embodiment, the wall anchor on a slot for slidably receiving a fastener. The fastener is further arranged longitudinally displaceable in the leadership of the anchorage of the brick. It is hereby provided in particular that extends the wall anchor substantially perpendicular or obliquely to the longitudinal extension of the guide of the brick and that also extends the connecting rail substantially perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal extension of the guide of the brick as well as the longitudinal extension of the slot of the wall anchor.

As a result, a so-called three-dimensional tolerance compensating assembly can be provided. The slot of the wall anchor can for example extend in an X direction. The elongated guidance of the anchoring of the brick can, for example, extend in the Y direction and the connecting rail can extend, for example, in the Z direction. The fastener may for example comprise a sliding block, which is mounted longitudinally displaceable in the management of the anchorage.

The sliding block can either be screwed or integrally connected to a threaded shaft. The threaded shaft can protrude into the mounting position through the guide slot of the anchor rail guide the brick. The fastener may further comprise a nut or a screw, by means of which the slot of the wall anchor with the threaded shank is positively connected or screwed.

According to a further embodiment, the fastening system is provided with a second brick, which has on or in the top of the cubically shaped body a receptacle for introducing an extension of the first brick. From the bottom of the first brick is so far an extension out. This is typically with the downwardly directed and at the bottom of the brick arranged support the anchoring of the first Wall brick provided and arranged thereon. The extension, which protrudes from the bottom of the first, that is, the upper brick down, is engaged with the receptacle on the top of the second brick.

In this way, the first brick not only mechanically coupled or connected via the wall anchor with the stationary connection rail, but also with at least one other brick directly. The stability and earthquake resistance of the entire wall plate or wall formed in this way can be increased in this way.

It is generally noted that with the previously described brickwork and fastening system, ductile anchoring of one or more bricks to structural components of a building can be provided. The anchoring of the first brick with an on-site provided connecting rail, which is typically formed by means of the wall anchor described above, can provide a high degree of ductility, or a high degree of plastic deformation, without the connection of masonry and connecting rail would be canceled or interrupted ,

The fastening system with the wall blocks provided for this purpose is thus particularly well suited for the formation of earthquake-proof buildings, in particular for the formation of walls walls and masonry walls. Even under high vibrations, which can occur in seismic events as well as at high thermal loads, for example due to high temperature fluctuations, any cracks in a wall slice by far not lead to a collapse or bursting of the relevant wall.

Brief description of the figures

Fig. 1

eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung durch einen ersten Mauerstein,

Fig. 2

einen Maueranker in Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

ein Befestigungselement,

Fig. 3a

eine Draufsicht auf einen Nutenstein des Befestigungselements,

Fig. 4

eine isolierte Darstellung eines Fortsatzes,

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht von oben auf den Mauerstein gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht von oben auf den Mauerstein gemäß Fig. 5 mit einem daran anzuordnenden Maueranker,

Fig. 7

einen Querschnitt durch eine Anschlussschiene,

Fig. 8

eine Montagestellung des Mauerankers in der Anschlussschiene,

Fig. 9

eine isolierte Darstellung eines eine Aufnahme bildenden Einsatzes für einen zweiten Mauerstein,

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht von oben auf den Einsatz gemäß Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine isolierte Darstellung der in den Mauerstein gemäß Fig. 1 eingebetteten Verankerung,

Fig. 12

eine Montagekonfiguration zumindest zweier Mauersteine und deren Befestigung an einer bauseits vorgesehenen Anschlussschiene und

Fig. 13

eine schematische Darstellung einer gemauerten Wand.

Other objects, features and advantageous embodiments of the bricks and the fastening system will be explained in the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawings. Hereby show:

Fig. 1

a schematic cross-sectional view through a first brick,

Fig. 2

a wall anchor in plan view,

Fig. 3

a fastener,

Fig. 3a

a top view of a nut of the fastener,

Fig. 4

an isolated representation of an extension,

Fig. 5

a top view of the brick according to Fig. 1 .

Fig. 6

a top view of the brick according to Fig. 5 with a wall anchor to be arranged thereon,

Fig. 7

a cross section through a connecting rail,

Fig. 8

a mounting position of the wall anchor in the connecting rail,

Fig. 9

an isolated view of an insert forming a receptacle for a second brick,

Fig. 10

a top view of the insert according to Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

an isolated view of the brick according to Fig. 1 embedded anchorage,

Fig. 12

a mounting configuration of at least two bricks and their attachment to an on-site provided connecting rail and

Fig. 13

a schematic representation of a brick wall.

Detailed description

In the Fig. 1, 5 . 6 and 12 For example, a first brick 10 having a cubic body 12 is shown. The body 12 is typically made of a hardenable casting material, such as an aerated concrete, typically non-autoclaved aerated concrete. An anchoring 20 is embedded in the body 12. The anchoring 20 extends as in Fig. 1 shown from a top 14 to an opposite bottom 16 of the body 12th

At or near the top 14, the anchor 20 has a longitudinally extending guide 22, which in Fig. 5 is shown in more detail. The guide 22 has a longitudinal extension, which extends in the present embodiment, approximately perpendicular to a wall 1, which has at least one brick 10. The guide 22 in this respect has a longitudinal extent which runs parallel to the wall thickness or to the thickness of the relevant brick 10. As from the synopsis of Fig. 1 and 5 shows, the elongated guide 22 on an anchor rail 24 with a cross-section C-like profile.

The anchor rail 24 has two mutually parallel legs 23, 25, whose upper leg ends are bent inwards and so far form a guide slot 27 between them. The guide slot 27 has a clear width or a diameter which is greater than the diameter of a shank portion 44 of an in Fig. 3 The fastening element 40 has at a lower end on a radially widened relative to the shaft portion 44 head or sliding block 42 which is slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction in the guide 22 and in the anchor rail 24.

The clear width between the leg ends in the region of the guide slot 27 is smaller than the outer dimension of the sliding block 42. If the fastening element 40 with its sliding block 42 is in the region of the guide slot 27, then it is forcibly guided in the anchor rail 24.

As in Fig. 5 shown, the anchor rail 24 has a slot widening 26 at one longitudinal end. In this area of the anchor rail 24 are after inside projecting leg ends of the two legs 23, 25 shortened or weggefräst. The slot widening 26 can serve as a receptacle for the widened sliding block 42 of the fastening element 40. Thus, the guide 22 and thus also the anchor rail 24 can be flush-mounted or embedded in the top 14 of the body 12 of the brick 10.

The slot widening 26 allows insertion of the sliding block 42 from above into the region of the anchor rail 24 which lies between the two legs 23, 24. Then, the fastener 40 can be displaced or displaced into the guide slot 27 and there, for example, with a in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6 wall anchor 30 shown connected, for example, be screwed. The fastening element 40 has a head 46, for example in the form of a nut.

The shank portion 44 may have an external thread corresponding to the internal thread of the screw nut, so that the fastening element 40 inserted into the anchor rail 24 passes with its upwardly projecting and projecting through the guide slot 27 shank portion 44, for example, a through hole 31 or a slot 32 of a wall anchor 30. Above the wall anchor 30 may then be a disc 47, for example in the form of a washer to lie before the arrangement of anchor rail 24, fastener 40 and wall anchor 30 is screwed together.

For the realization of the fastener 40 different solutions are conceivable. The fastener 40 may include a plurality of discrete components, such as a nut 42, a stem 44, and a nut 46. But it is also conceivable that the shaft 44 is formed integrally with the sliding block 42, wherein the sliding block acts as a quasi radial widening of the shaft 44. In a region lying in the mounting position above the wall anchor 30 area, the shaft 44 may have an external thread for screwing to the nut 46.

Alternatively, the sliding block 42 can also be designed as a square or hexagonal stone and mounted non-rotatably but longitudinally displaceable in the anchor rail 24 be. The nut 42 can, as in Fig. 3a shown having a designed as a blind hole or through hole hole 42a, which is provided with an internal thread 42b. In the internal thread 42b, the shaft portion 44 with a corresponding external thread 44b can be screwed. Here, the shaft portion 44 may be integrally connected to the head 46. The head 46 may be designed as a screw head of a screw formed by the head 46 and shaft portion 44. The head 46 may be configured for example as a countersunk head, which has a relatively low overall height.

In the illustration according to Fig. 6 For reasons of clarity, the fastening element 40 is not shown. It is located in the crossing area of the wall anchor 30 and the anchor rail 24. As in Fig. 6 Furthermore, the oblong hole 32 of the essentially flat wall anchor 30 extends approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the anchor rail 24. The wall anchor 30 can be moved together with the fastening element 40 in the Y direction relative to the anchor rail 24 into a final assembly position. According to the configuration of the elongated hole 32, the wall anchor can also be displaced or displaced relative to the anchor rail 24 and thus also relative to the brick 10 in the X direction. Once a defined final assembly position is reached, by tightening the head 46 and the nut of the fastener 40, a ductile, but equally pressure and tension stable connection of wall anchor 30 and anchor rail 24 or wall anchor 30 and brick 10 are formed.

The wall anchor 30 has, as in the 6 and 8 shown, a widened head portion 34 with two opposite lying in the region of a neck recesses 36. An on-site provided but fixedly anchored connection rail 90 may, as well as the anchor rail 24 a C-shaped cross-sectional profile having two mutually parallel legs 93, 95 and having a guide slot 94 which bounded by the inwardly projecting free ends of the legs 93, 95 becomes.

The legs 93, 95 may be integrally connected to each other via a bottom 91. Facing away from the bottom 91 and the legs 93, 95, the connecting rail 90 can be distributed more in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rail 90 arranged anchor 92 have. By means of the armature 92, which may have a widened head 97 at its free end facing away from the bottom 91, the connecting rail 90 can be anchored several times in a carrier 96. The carrier 96 may be configured, for example, as reinforced concrete carrier 96 with embedded connection rail 90. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to subsequently attach the connecting rail 90 to the load-bearing structural component of a structure, for example, to anchor it to a reinforced concrete support or the like carrying structural components.

In the mounting configuration according to Fig. 8 It can be seen that the wall anchor 30 is received with its head portion 34 inside the C-shaped profile of the connecting rail 90. The inwardly projecting leg ends of the legs 93, 95 of the connecting rail 90 engage in the opposite recesses 36 of the wall anchor 30 a. With respect to the longitudinal extent of the wall anchor 30, this is held and fixed in a form-fitting manner to the connecting rail 90 in this manner.

Montagetechnisch can be provided for this purpose, first to position the first brick 10 and then introduce the wall anchor 30 in a vertical or oblique orientation with its head portion 34 ahead in the connection rail 90. By appropriate rotation with the longitudinal axis of the wall anchor 30 as a rotation axis of the wall anchor 30 in the in Fig. 8 shown final assembly and thus be performed in the longitudinal direction of the connection rail 90 along until it comes to the top 14 of the brick 10 to the plant. The slot 32 of the wall anchor 30 is then fastened by means of the fastener 40 with the anchor rail 24 located in the brick 10. In this way, a tensile and pressure-stable connection of the brick 10 with the connecting rail 90 can be provided.

The connecting rail 90, the wall anchor 30 and / or the anchor 20 are all made of metal. Those connection components provide a certain ductility, by means of which any seismic vibrations of the Building can be compensated or tolerated without the wall collapsing and without breaking individual bricks from the wall.

As further in the Fig. 1 . 11 and 12 shown, the anchor 20 of the brick 10 in addition to the provided on the top 14 guide 22 also provided on the bottom 16 support 60. The support 60 may be flush-mounted in the bottom 16 of the body 12. She can, as in Fig. 11 schematically shown, an elongated sleeve 62 having a radially widened flange 61. In particular, the flange 61 may be flush-mounted in the bottom 16 of the body 12 of the brick 10.

As in Figs. 1 . 11 and 12 shown, the guide 20 on the upper side 14 of the body 12 and the support 60 on the underside 16 of the body 12 via a connector 70 tensile and pressure-stable interconnected. The connector 70, which is in Fig. 11 is shown schematically in perspective, has in the present embodiment, a plurality of components. Adjacent to the elongated guide 22, the connector 70 has a bracket 76 with two lateral legs 77, 78 which laterally surround the legs 23, 25 of the guide 22. The legs 77, 78 are integrally connected to each other in the region of a Ösenabschnitts 79.

The eyelet portion 79 is further connected to a reinforcement 72, for example with a hairpin-shaped bent metal reinforcement. This can also enforce a guide 22 facing the end portion of the support 60. The support 60 may in particular have an at least partially cylindrical sleeve 62. This can be flattened facing the connector 70 and consequently penetrated by the reinforcement 72. At its end facing away from the connector 70, the sleeve 62 of the support 60 can be integrally formed in the radially widened flange 61. The interior of the sleeve 62 may be provided with an internal thread into which a longitudinal extension 50 provided with a corresponding external thread 54 can be inserted. The extension 50 can act as a threaded rod 52, which can be screwed as needed from below into the bottom 16 of the body 12.

The individual components of the connector 70 are typically rigidly connected together. They can be welded together directly. In particular, the reinforcement 72 may be welded to the eyelet portion 79 of the bracket 76. The reinforcement 62 can on the one hand pass through the sleeve 62 of the support 60. However, it can also or additionally be welded to the support 60.

In the final assembly configuration according to Fig. 12 It can be seen that the projection 50 designed as a threaded rod 52 does not only protrude from the underside 12 of the brick 10, but that the extension 50 is inserted or inserted into a receptacle 82 of a brick 100 underneath. The further brick 100, which in the present case should be referred to as a second brick, likewise has a cubically shaped body 112 with a top 114 and with a bottom 116.

A provided with the receptacle 82 insert 80 is positioned in the top 114 of the second brick 100 at such a location and embedded in the body 112, which at least partially with the extension 50 and with the position of the support 60 of the overlying first brick 10 overlaps. In the mounting configuration according to Fig. 12 it can be seen that the extension 50 in the z. B. hollow cylindrical receptacle 82 of the insert 80 protrudes. The insert 80 may be configured as a plastic insert. Like the first brick 10, the second brick 100 may also be formed of hardened casting compound, for example of aerated concrete, suspension concrete and / or non-autoclaved aerated concrete. The configured in the form of a cylinder sleeve insert 80 may have at its upper end an outwardly projecting flange 84, with which the insert 80 is flush-mounted or embedded in the top 114 of the second brick 100.

In Fig. 10 It is further shown that the receptacle 82 has a total of four receiving extensions 83, 85. Based on a cylindrical or circular geometry, the opposing receiving spacers 85 are in a 0 ° and in a 180 ° position. The receiving spacers 83 are located therebetween, at about 90 ° and at about 270 °. Other geometric Embodiments of the receiving widenings 83, 85 are equally conceivable here. The receiving spacers 83, 85 correspond to the elongated guide 22 and the elongated slot 32. According to the geometry of the guide 22 and the geometry of the slot 32, the position of the first brick 10 in the XY plane with respect to the position of the connection rail 90 within vary according to predetermined tolerances.

The underlying second brick 100 can tolerate the displacements of the first brick in the X-Y plane by providing the receiving spacers 83, 85. The extension 50 can come to lie in one of the receiving spacers 83, 85. By protruding the extension 50 into the receptacle 82 of the underlying second brick 100, a positive connection of the first brick 10 and the second brick 100 can be provided.

If, for example, a lower end section of the first brick 10 undergoes a movement perpendicular to the plane of the wall 1 due to external influences, then it can be stabilized by the extension 50 reaching an edge of the receptacle 82. A breakup of a wall or wall having at least partially first and second interlocking bricks 10, 100 can be avoided in this way. A corresponding wall can withstand a much higher level of mechanical stresses of a thermal or seismic nature.

In Fig. 13 It is further shown that a plurality of first and second bricks 10, 100 bricked in superimposed layers may contribute to the formation of a wall between beams 96 of a structure.

For the provision of a structure-stabilized wall plate or a corresponding lining according to the present invention, it may be provided that at least 5% of all the bricks of a corresponding wall are designed as first and second bricks in the sense of the present invention. That is, the proportion of the bricks, which are designed either with an anchorage or with a receptacle for an extension, should be at least 5% of the wall surface be. Preferably, 6 to 8% of the wall surface of first or second bricks are formed in the sense of the present disclosure. By means of the bricks and the fastening system described here, a rotationsduktiles support system can be provided for seismic and thermal requirements in masonry walls.

In terms of production and assembly, it may further be provided that the first and the second bricks are given a freely selectable coloring by using corresponding additives in the casting compound. In that regard, the here provided and equipped with an anchor 20 or with a receptacle 82 and formed from a thermosetting molding compound bricks 10, 100 can be adapted to other conventional bricks 200 color. It is also conceivable that the first and / or the second bricks in the sense of the present disclosure are provided with different textures or surfaces. The textures and surface can be created by using appropriate dies in a mold to form the bodies 12, 112. The body 12, 112 of the bricks 10, 100 formed by a hardenable casting compound can thus also be adapted to the remaining bricks 200 of a wall 1 with regard to their outer contour and texture.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

wall

10

brick

12

body

14

top

16

bottom

20

anchoring

22

guide

23

leg

24

anchor rail

25

leg

26

slot widening

27

guide slot

30

wall anchors

31

Through opening

32

Long hole

34

header

36

recess

40

fastening device

42

sliding block

42a

hole

42b

inner thread

44

shank portion

44b

external thread

46

head

47

disc

50

extension

52

threaded rod

54

external thread

60

support

61

flange

62

shell

70

Interconnects

72

reinforcement

76

clip

77

leg

78

leg

79

eye portion

80

commitment

81

shell

82

admission

83

recording distribution

84

flange

85

recording widening

90

connecting rail

91

ground

92

anchor

93

leg

94

guide slot

95

leg

96

carrier

97

head

100

brick

112

body

114

top

116

bottom

200

brick

Claims (15)

Brick with: a cubic shaped body (12) having a top (14) and a bottom (16), - An anchor (20) which is embedded in the body (12) and which has at least one elongated guide (22) for a fastening element (40), wherein the guide (22) along the top (14) of the body (12 ). Brick according to claim 1, wherein the guide (22) has a cross-sectionally C-shaped anchor rail (24). Brick according to claim 2, wherein the anchor rail (24) has two mutually parallel legs (23, 25) facing each other and each inwardly projecting leg ends, which form a guide slot (27) between them and wherein the anchor rail (24) at least one Section having a slot widening (26) between the leg ends. Brick according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the guide (20) is flush-mounted in the top (14). Brick according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the anchoring (20) has a support (60) which is flush-mounted in the underside (16) of the body (12) and which is structurally connected to the guide (20). Brick according to claim 5, wherein the support (60) and the guide (20) via a connector (70) tensile and pressure-stable connected to each other. Brick according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the support (60) has a sleeve (62) with a radially widened flange (61), which is flush-mounted in the bottom (16). Brick according to claim 7, wherein the sleeve (62) is designed for fastening an extension (50) projecting from the underside (16). Brick with: a cubic shaped body (112) having a top (114) and a bottom (116), - At least one in the top (114) located receptacle (82) for inserting an extension (50) which protrudes from a bottom (16) of a wall brick arranged above it (10). Brick according to claim 9, wherein the receptacle (82) has a in the body (112) embedded sleeve (81) with a radially widened and flush with the surface in the top (114) recessed flange (84). Brick according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (12, 112) contains aerated concrete, suspension concrete and / or non-autoclaved aerated concrete or consists essentially of aerated concrete, suspension concrete or non-autoclaved aerated concrete. Fixing system for wall walls, with a fixed vertically extending connecting rail 90, - At least a first brick (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 or 11, and with - A wall anchor (30) which is connectable to the connecting rail (90) and with the guide (22) of the anchoring (20). Fastening system according to claim 12, wherein the connecting rail (90) has a C-shaped cross-sectional profile and wherein the wall anchor (30) has a form-fitting with the cross-sectional profile of the connecting rail (90) connectable head portion (34). Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims 12 or 13, wherein the wall anchor (30) has a slot (32) for slidably receiving a fastener (40) which is longitudinally displaceable in the guide (22) of the anchor (20) can be arranged. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 14 and with at least one second brick (100) according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein from the underside (16) of the first brick (10) an extension (50) protrudes, which with the receptacle (82) engages the top (114) of the second brick (100).

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