Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
  • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
  • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
  • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
  • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
  • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
  • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
  • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
  • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
  • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/03—Orientation
  • F17C2201/037—Orientation with sloping main axis
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
  • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
  • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
  • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0323—Valves
  • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0341—Filters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
  • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
  • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
  • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
  • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
  • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
  • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
  • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
  • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
  • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
  • F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
  • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
  • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
  • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
  • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
  • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
  • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of storage and transport facilities for a cryogenic fluid on board ships and comprising one or more sealed tanks and thermally insulating membranes.
• the vessel (s) may be for carrying cryogenic fluid or for receiving cryogenic fluid as a fuel for the propulsion of the vessel.
• Liquefied natural gas transport vessels have a plurality of tanks for storing the cargo.
• the liquefied natural gas is stored in these tanks, at atmospheric pressure, at about -162 ° C and is thus in a state of two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium so that the heat flow exerted through the walls of the tanks tends to cause evaporation of liquefied natural gas.
• each tank is associated with a sealed pipe for evacuation of the vapor produced by evaporation of the liquefied natural gas.
• a sealed pipe for steam evacuation is described in particular in WO2013093261, for example.
• the pipe passes through a wall of the tank and opens into the upper part of the internal space of the tank and thus defines a passage of steam between the interior of the tank and a steam collector arranged outside the tank.
• the vapor thus collected can then be passed to a re-liquefaction plant to then reintroduce the fluid in the tank, to a power generation equipment or to a degassing mast provided on the deck of the vessel.
• An idea underlying the invention is to propose a storage and transport facility for a cryogenic fluid on board a ship that makes it possible to reduce the risks that such isolated vapor phase gas pockets can not form at the same time. inside a tank without being able to be evacuated.
• the invention provides an installation for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board a ship, the installation comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing the cryogenic fluid in a two-phase equilibrium state. liquid-vapor, said tank having a horizontal ceiling wall having in the direction of thickness from the outside towards the inside of the tank at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid;
• the installation comprising at least two leaktight pipes penetrating through the tank so as to define a passageway for evacuating the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid from the inside to the outside of the tank, the two pipes each comprising one end of collection opening inside the tank at the sealing membrane of the ceiling wall;
• such an installation may include one or more of the following features.
• said two ends of the ceiling wall are opposite in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
• the collecting ends of said two lines opening into the vessel at two areas of the ceiling wall are located at two opposite ends in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
• said two ends of the wall are opposite in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
• at least one of the two lines opens into an elevated area of the ceiling wall and is thus able to evacuate the vapor phase. cryogenic fluid stored in the tank, at least as long as the tilt of the ship is not too high.
• the collection ends of said two pipes open at two corner regions of the diagonally opposite ceiling wall.
• at least one of the two sealed pipes opens into an elevated area of the ceiling wall and is thus able to evacuate the vapor phase of the fluid cryogenic.
• the installation comprises four sealed pipes each having a collection end opening into the tank and each defining a vapor phase evacuation passage and the ceiling wall has a rectangular shape, the collecting ends of the four pipes opening at four corner regions of the ceiling wall so that when the ship is stationary in an inclined position in which it has a pitch inclination and / or at least one lodge one of the four pipes opens at the highest point of the ceiling wall and is able to evacuate the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid.
• each of the pipes is connected to a steam collector arranged outside the tank.
• each steam manifold is connected to a steam injection pipe which penetrates through the tank and opens below a tank height corresponding to the maximum filling limit of the tank so that said injection line is adapted to reinject the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank when the tank is filled with liquefied natural gas at a height corresponding to said maximum filling limit.
• the injection pipe opens into the tank at a height such that said injection pipe is able to reinject the collected vapor into the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid.
• the injection line can in particular lead to the lower part of the tank, that is to say below the mid-height of the tank.
• each manifold or each injection pipe is equipped with a pump capable of discharging the vapor towards the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank.
• the steam injection pipe comprises an injection pipe extending inside the tank and having a plurality of bubbling orifices for reinjecting the vapor phase into the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank .
• Such an injection cane facilitates heat exchange between the reinjected vapor phase and the liquid phase.
• the injection rod has a spiral shape, which also promotes heat exchanges.
• the installation includes a relief well passing through the ceiling wall of the tank and allowing the descent of an emergency pump in the tank.
• the injection rod is removably mounted in said relief well.
• the relief well may itself form a portion of the steam injection pipe.
• the installation comprises a loading / unloading tower extending over the entire height of the tank, suspended from the ceiling wall of the tank, the loading / unloading tower supporting one or more unloading lines which are each associated with a respective unloading pump supported by the loading / unloading tower, the loading / unloading tower further supporting the relief well.
• the or each steam collector is connected to a degassing mast via a safety valve.
• the safety valve may in particular be calibrated at a relative pressure value of between 200 and 400 millibars, for example of the order of 250 millibars.
• the tank is bordered by two transverse cofferdams arranged on either side of the tank and each delimited by a pair of transverse walls and each of the pipes passes through one of the transverse walls of the cofferdam adjacent to the wall area ceiling at which said pipe opens and is connected to a steam collector at least partially housed in said cofferdam.
• Each collector is connected to the two pipes that open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam in which said collector is at least partially housed.
• the installation comprises a plurality of tanks separated from one another by transverse cofferdams and each collector housed in a cofferdam separating two tanks is connected to the two pipes of each of the two adjacent tanks which open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam in which said manifold is housed.
• each of the pipes is equipped with a valve or a non-return valve so that the gaseous phases are not likely to pass freely from one tank to another.
• each pipe comprises a horizontal portion passing through a transverse wall of a pair of partitions defining a cofferdam and a vertical portion connected to said horizontal portion by a bent portion, said vertical portion passing through an opening in the waterproofing membrane of the ceiling wall which is intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid.
• each pipe comprises a portion equipped with a compensator ensuring the attachment of said pipe to the transverse wall of the cofferdam through which it passes and having corrugations to provide flexibility to the pipe so as to allow its contraction during the cold setting of the tank.
• each pipe comprises a double wall tube having two concentric walls and an intermediate space between the two concentric walls evacuated and / or lined with an insulating material.
• the or each tank is arranged in a supporting structure formed by the double hull of a ship and transverse bulkheads of cofferdam.
• the or each tank comprises, in the direction of the thickness from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary heat-insulating barrier retained against the supporting structure, a secondary sealing membrane carried by the secondary heat-insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
• the outer wall of the double-walled tube is sealingly welded to the primary sealing membrane and the inner wall of the double-walled tube is sealingly welded to the primary waterproofing membrane, which ensures the continuous presence of a double level of sealing.
• the vessel has a general polyhedral shape defined by a horizontal ceiling wall, a bottom wall, transverse walls and side walls, the transverse walls and the side walls connecting the bottom wall and the ceiling wall; each wall having in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the vessel at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid.
• the vessel has a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
• the longitudinal dimension of the vessel extends along the longitudinal direction of the vessel. According to another embodiment, the longitudinal dimension of the vessel extends in a secant direction to the longitudinal direction of the vessel, for example perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
• the invention also provides a vessel comprising a plant mentioned above.
• the vessel is a ship intended for the transportation of cryogenic fluid, such as an LNG carrier for example.
• cryogenic fluid such as an LNG carrier for example.
• the vessel is a ship powered by motor means supplied with cryogenic fluid.
• the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cryogenic fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank. of the ship.
• the invention also provides a transfer system for a cryogenic fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the double hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump to drive a flow of cryogenic fluid through the isolated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view, partially in section, of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel equipped with steam evacuation pipes opening at the four corner areas of the ceiling wall of each tank.
• FIG. 3 is a partial view, in perspective and in section of a tank of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel.
• FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail the passage of a steam outlet pipe through walls of the tank and its connection to a collector disposed in a cofferdam.
• FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail the passage of a steam outlet pipe through the walls of the tank and its connection to a manifold disposed in a cofferdam separating two tanks .
• FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a vessel illustrating the passage of a steam discharge pipe through the walls of the vessel.
• FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail a steam collector disposed in a transverse cofferdam separating two adjacent tanks and its connection, on the one hand, with a degassing mast and, on the other hand, on the other hand, with a nozzle for injecting steam into the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank.
• - Figure 8 is a sectional view of a ceiling wall of a tank illustrating in detail a vapor collection device passing through said ceiling wall.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic cutaway representation of a vessel comprising a liquefied natural gas storage tank and a loading / unloading terminal of this vessel.
• FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation in perspective of a storage installation for a cryogenic fluid according to another embodiment.
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the storage facility for a cryogenic fluid of FIG. 10.
• FIG. 12 is a partial sectional view illustrating in detail the passage of a steam outlet pipe through a ceiling wall of the tank.
• FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective representation of a storage facility for a cryogenic fluid according to another embodiment.
• FIGS 1 and 2 there is shown a vessel 1 equipped with a liquefied natural gas storage and transport facility which comprises four tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 sealed and thermally insulating. Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 is associated with a degassing mast 7 which is provided on the deck of the vessel 1 and allowing the escape of the gas in the vapor phase during an overpressure inside the tank 2, 3, 4, 5 associated.
• a machine compartment 6 which conventionally comprises a steam turbine with a mixed feed capable of operating either by combustion of diesel fuel or by combustion of evaporation gas from the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 .
• the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 have a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel 1.
• Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 is bordered at each of its longitudinal ends by a pair of partitions transverse 8, 9 delimiting a sealed spacer space, known as the "cofferdam" 10.
• the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are thus separated from each other by a transverse cofferdam. It is thus observed that the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are each formed inside a supporting structure which is constituted, on the one hand, by the double hull of the ship 11 and on the other hand by the one of the transverse partitions 8, 9 of each of the cofferdams 10 bordering the tank 2, 3, 4, 5.
• each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 has a polyhedral shape defined by a horizontal bottom wall 12, a horizontal ceiling wall 13 and transverse lateral walls 14 and 15, 16, 17 connecting the bottom wall 12 and the ceiling wall 13.
• each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 has a section of octagonal shape, seen in section along a transverse vertical plane.
• the tank 2, 3, 4, 5 has vertical side walls 15 and inclined side walls 16, 17 each connecting one of the vertical side walls 15 to the ceiling wall 13 or to the bottom wall 12
• the transverse walls 14 are vertical.
• the bottom walls 12, ceiling 13 and the side walls have a rectangular shape.
• the transverse walls 14 have an octagonal shape.
• the tanks have a hexagonal section.
• the vertical side walls 15 extend downwardly to the bottom wall 12 and the transverse walls 14 thus have a hexagonal shape.
• the shape of a tank 2, 3, 4, 5 is described above as an example and that it can be made to it many modifications.
• the other walls of the vessel may be partially or fully curved.
• the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are membrane tanks.
• Each tank wall comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary heat-insulating barrier 18 comprising heat-insulating elements juxtaposed on the support structure and anchored thereto by secondary retaining members, a membrane of secondary seal 19 carried by the secondary thermally insulating barrier 18, a primary thermally insulating barrier 20 comprising heat insulating elements juxtaposed and anchored to the secondary sealing membrane 19 by primary retaining members and a primary sealing membrane 21, carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier 20 and intended to be contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
• the liquefied natural gas is stored at pressures close to atmospheric pressure.
• the cell membranes are made according to the technology N096 which is described in particular in the document FR2968284 A1.
• the heat-insulating elements are for example formed by insulating boxes comprising a bottom panel and a cover panel parallel, spaced in the thickness direction of the insulating box, carrying elements extending in the direction of thickness, optionally, peripheral partitions, and an insulating lining housed inside the insulating boxes.
• the bottom and lid panels, the peripheral partitions and the support elements are for example made of wood or composite thermoplastic material.
• the heat-insulating lining may consist of glass wool, wadding or polymer foam, such as polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam or granular or powdery material - such as perlite, vermiculite or glass wool - or a nanoporous material of the airgel type.
• the primary and secondary sealing membranes 21 comprise a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges, said strakes being welded by their raised edges on parallel welding supports held on the insulating boxes.
• the metal strakes are, for example, made of Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 "6 and 2.10 " 6 K 1 , or in a high manganese iron alloy whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10 "6 K " 1 .
• the membrane vessels are made according to Mark III technology which is described in particular in the document FR2691520 A1.
• the heat-insulating elements are, for example, constituted by a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between two plywood boards adhered to said layer of foam.
• the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
• the heat-insulating elements of the secondary heat-insulating barrier are covered with a secondary waterproofing membrane 19 made of a composite material comprising an aluminum foil sandwiched between two sheets of fiberglass fabric.
• the primary waterproofing membrane 21 is itself obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates, welded to each other along their edges, and having corrugations extending in two perpendicular directions.
• the metal plates are, for example, made of stainless steel sheets or aluminum, shaped by folding or stamping.
• the waterproofing membrane may be made with sheets whose thickness is greater or smaller, the thickness of the sealing membrane being capable of varying between a few tenths of millimeters and several centimeters.
• the installation comprises, for each tank 2, 3, 4, 5, four steam evacuation pipes 22, 23, 24, 25 penetrating through the tank so as to define a evacuation passage of the vapor produced by the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas in the tank.
• the steam discharge pipes 22, 23, 24, 25 open out at the four corner regions of the ceiling wall 13.
• each steam discharge pipe 22, 23, 24, 25 is connected to a manifold 26 disposed at the cofferdam 10 adjacent to the corner area in which said pipe opens.
• the two pipes 22 and 25, on the one hand, and 23 and 24, on the other hand, which open at the same longitudinal end of the ceiling wall 13 are connected to the same collector 26.
• the collectors 26 which are arranged at the level of the cofferdams 10 separating two adjacent tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are connected to the two pipes 22, 25 or 23, 24 of each of the two neighboring tanks. .
• Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to optimize the number of collectors 26 required.
• the valves for example solenoid valves, are able to be controlled at distances, for example, from the deck of the ship.
• each of the valves can be opened or closed depending on the inclination of the plate and the slope of the cottage.
• each manifold 26 is connected only to two steam discharge lines 22, 25 or 23, 24 of the same tank. Therefore, for each cofferdam zone 10 between two neighboring tanks, two collectors 26 respectively collect the steam from both of the two neighboring tanks. Such an arrangement prevents liquefied natural gas from passing from one tank to another when the collected steam is intended to be reinjected into the tanks.
• Each manifold 26 is at the same time connected to a steam injection pipe 41 able to allow reinjection of the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank and to a degassing mast 7 via a safety valve. 42.
• a tank angle is observed at an intersection between a transverse wall 14 and the ceiling wall 13.
• the tank shown being of technology N096, it is equipped in this zone with a connecting ring 27 formed of an assembly of several welded sheets, made of invar® for example.
• the connecting ring 27 is fixed to two flanges 28, 29 perpendicular to the transverse wall 14 and welded to the cross wall 9 of cofferdam and to two flanges 30, 31 perpendicular to the ceiling wall 13 and welded to the internal wall the double hull of the ship.
• the connecting ring 27 comprises a set of primary plates 38, 39 carrying primary anchoring surfaces on which are welded metal strakes 32, 33 of the primary sealing membrane 21 and ensuring the continuity of the waterproofing membrane
• the connecting ring 27 comprises a set of secondary plates 36, 37 carrying secondary anchoring surfaces on which are welded metal strakes 34, 35 of the secondary sealing membrane 19 and ensuring the continuity of the secondary waterproofing membrane 19.
• the steam evacuation pipe 22 is bent and comprises a horizontal portion 22a connected by a bent portion 22b to a vertical portion 22c whose end opens into the internal space of the tank.
• the horizontal portion 22a passes through an opening formed in the cross wall 9 of cofferdam and extends to the primary heat-insulating barrier 20 of the ceiling wall 13, passing through the secondary heat-insulating barrier 18 of the wall 14 and the sets of secondary plates 36, 37 and primary 38, 39 of the connecting ring 27.
• the vertical portion 22c through an opening in the primary sealing membrane 21 of the ceiling wall 13 so that the collecting end of the pipe 22 opens into the tank.
• the collecting end of the pipe 22 may be equipped with a filter 44.
• the discharge pipe 22 is advantageously formed by a double-walled tube whose two concentric walls are made of stainless steel and whose intermediate space is under vacuum and / or lined with an insulating material.
• the outer wall of the double wall tube stops at the set of secondary plates 36, 37 of the connecting ring 27 and is welded to it while the end of the inner wall of the double wall tube passes through the barrier thermally insulating primary 20 and then the primary sealing membrane 20 and is welded thereon so as to seal the primary waterproofing membrane 21.
• the double wall tube comprises, at its passage through the transverse partition 9 of the cofferdam, a double compensator 40 to provide flexibility to the pipe 22 so as to allow its contraction during the cold setting of the tank .
• the double compensator 40 comprises, at the level of the outer wall, an outer portion having a series of corrugations and, at the inner wall, an inner portion having a series of corrugations.
• the double compensator 40 further ensures attachment of the steam discharge line 22 to the cross wall 9 of cofferdam.
• the corrugated outer portion of the double compensator 40 is welded to a stainless steel insert 43 which is mounted inside an opening formed in the transverse wall 9 of cofferdam and which is welded to it.
• the pipe 22 is connected here to a manifold 26 which comprises a tube which extends inside the cofferdam 10 in a transverse direction and which thus makes it possible to collect steam coming from two pipes 22, 25 opening at a level of two. corner areas of the ceiling wall disposed at the same longitudinal end of the tank.
• FIG. 5 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that the manifold 26 is here connected to the two steam discharge pipes 22, 23 opening into the two corner zones facing the two
• the collector 26 also comprises a tube, not shown in FIG. 5, which extends on the bridge, in the transverse direction of the vessel and thus makes it possible to collect steam coming from two other pipes. 24, 25 which open out at the two other zones of angles adjacent to said cofferdam 10.
• each discharge pipe 22, 23 is equipped with a valve 54 able to allow or prohibit the passage of the gas phase of the exhaust pipe to the manifold 26 to allow isolation of the tanks relative to each other.
• the manifold 26 is connected via a three-way connection 46, on the one hand, to a steam injection pipe 41 able to allow reinjection of the vapor phase collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in a tank and, secondly, a degassing mast 7 via a safety valve 42.
• a steam injection pipe 41 able to allow reinjection of the vapor phase collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in a tank and, secondly, a degassing mast 7 via a safety valve 42.
• Each manifold 26 or steam injection pipe 41 is equipped with a pump 55 allowing to repress the gaseous phase collected in the liquid phase.
• the installation also comprises a loading / unloading tower 45, shown schematically in FIG. 7, for loading the cargo into the tank, before it is transported, and for unloading the cargo after it has been transported.
• the loading / unloading tower 45 extends over substantially the entire height of the tank, in the vicinity of a transverse wall 9 of the cofferdam.
• the loading / unloading tower 45 is suspended from the ceiling wall 13 and may in particular consist of a tripod type structure, that is to say having three vertical poles.
• the loading / unloading tower 45 supports one or more unloading lines 47 and one or more loading lines, not shown. Each of the unloading lines 47 is associated with a respective unloading pump, not shown, which is itself It is also supported by the loading / unloading tower 45.
• the installation comprises a relief well 48 passing through the ceiling wall 13 of the tank and extending over substantially the entire height of the tank and allowing the descent of an emergency pump and an unloading line in case of failure of the other unloading pumps.
• the relief well 48 is used to allow the reinjection of the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank without having to provide an additional passage through the walls of the tank .
• the steam injection pipe 41 comprises an injection rod 49 disposed inside the relief well.
• the injection rod 49 extends over a substantial portion of the height of the tank so as to plunge inside the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas.
• the injection rod 49 comprises a spiral shape and a plurality of bubbling holes 50 distributed along the injection rod. Such a structure of the injection rod 49 makes it possible to promote the heat exchange between the reinjected vapor and the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas.
• the injection rod 49 is removably mounted inside the relief well 48 so as to allow its withdrawal from the relief well when the emergency pump has to be lowered into the relief well 48.
• injection is connected to the three-way connection 46 via an isolation valve 51 so as to allow an interruption of the reinjection of steam into the tank, especially when the injection rod 49 must be removed and the emergency pump lowered into the relief well 48.
• the safety valve makes it possible to direct the steam towards the degassing mast in order to evacuate the vapor in the atmosphere and to avoid the overpressures inside the tank when the pressure of the steam is greater than a threshold.
• the safety valve may in particular be calibrated at a relative pressure value of between 200 and 400 millibars, for example of the order of 250 millibars.
• Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 can also be equipped with a steam collection device 56, as shown in FIG. 8, and passing through the ceiling wall 14 of the tank, here in a central area.
• the carrying structure comprises a circular opening around which is welded a barrel 52 which extends outside the carrier structure.
• a collector metal pipe 53 is anchored inside the drum 52 and is intended to extract the vapors produced by the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas in the tank.
• the collecting duct 53 passes through the ceiling wall 13 at the center of the circular opening as well as the thermally insulating barriers 18, 20 and the sealing membranes 19, 21. This collecting duct 53 is connected in particular to a vapor collector at the outlet.
• the diameter and the height of the collecting pipe 53 are likely to vary according to the dimensions of the vessel and those of the vessel; the diameter and the height of the collector pipe being important when the ship is a LNG carrier and more modest when the tank is intended to store liquefied natural gas for feeding the propulsion means of the ship.
• the installation comprises a tank 102, which can in particular be used to store liquefied natural gas intended to serve as a fuel for the propulsion of a ship.
• the tank 102 here has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape which is defined by a bottom wall 112, a ceiling wall 113, two vertical side walls 115 and two vertical transverse walls 114.
• the longitudinal dimension of the tank 102 may for example be oriented according to the longitudinal direction of the ship or perpendicular to it.
• the installation comprises four steam evacuation conduits 122, 123, 124, 125 which each open at one of the four corner regions of the ceiling wall 113.
• the four exhaust pipes 122, 123, 124, 125 pass through the ceiling wall 113 so as to open into the internal space of the tank 102 at the level of the primary waterproofing membrane 121 of the ceiling wall 113.
• the discharge pipe 122 is formed by a double-walled pipe the outer wall of which is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane 119 while the outer wall is sealingly connected, for example by welding, to the primary sealing membrane 121.
• the evacuation lines 122, 123, 124, 125 are connected to each other by a collector network.
• the collection network comprises four ducts 157 defining a rectangle and each connecting one of the discharge ducts 122, 123, 124, 125 with another discharge duct disposed at a corner zone adjacent to the wall of the duct. Ceiling 113.
• the collector network further comprises two other pipes 158 which each connect two parallel pipes 157 near their center. The two pipes 158 are connected to each other.
• the intersection between the two lines 158 is connected to the degassing mast and / or to a circuit for using natural gas in the vapor phase by one or two pipes 159 which are each equipped with a safety valve 160.
• Such an arrangement thus allows to mutualize the safety valves 160 for all the evacuation lines 122, 123, 124, 125 of the same tank and without risking causing an expulsion of liquid phase to the degassing mast and / or the gas utilization circuit in the vapor phase when the tank is inclined.
• FIG. 13 the elements that are identical or similar to the elements of FIGS. 1 to 8, that is to say fulfilling the same function, bear the same reference numeral increased by 200.
• the installation here comprises only two control ducts.
• the two lines 222, 223 open, inside the tank 202, at two opposite ends in the transverse direction of the ship.
• Such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the number of evacuation conduits 222, 223, so as to limit the size and cost of the installation, while ensuring efficient evacuation of the vapor phase of the liquefied natural gas when the vessel is immobilized in an inclined position in which it has a slope of cottage.
• the slope of a ship's cottage being the slope likely to be the most important.
• the installation comprises a collecting network comprising two pipes 263 which each allow to connect one of the two discharge lines 222, 223 to a pipe 264 collector.
• Line 264 is equipped with a relief valve, not shown, and conducts vapor phase gas to a degassing mast and / or to a facility for using natural gas in the vapor phase.
• the installation also comprises a pipe 265 passing through the ceiling wall 213 of the tank and through which pass one or more lines of loading and / or unloading, not shown to load and / or to unload the cargo.
• FIG 9 there is a broken view of a LNG tank 70 equipped with such a storage facility and transport of liquefied natural gas.
• Figure 9 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
• loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of liquefied natural gas to or from the tank 71 .
• FIG. 9 also represents an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
• the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
• the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
• the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all the jigs of LNG.
• a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
• the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
• the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
• pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

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• 2015
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• 2016
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