EP3239425A1 - A building slab having a reduced mass - Google Patents

A building slab having a reduced mass Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3239425A1
EP3239425A1 EP17167873.3A EP17167873A EP3239425A1 EP 3239425 A1 EP3239425 A1 EP 3239425A1 EP 17167873 A EP17167873 A EP 17167873A EP 3239425 A1 EP3239425 A1 EP 3239425A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
spar
building
stress rod
concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP17167873.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain VIDAILLAC
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ALFYMA INDUSTRIE
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ALFYMA INDUSTRIE
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Publication date
Application filed by ALFYMA INDUSTRIE filed Critical ALFYMA INDUSTRIE
Publication of EP3239425A1 publication Critical patent/EP3239425A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0627—Three-dimensional reinforcements composed of a prefabricated reinforcing mat combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building slab, in particular for forming a floor and / or a ceiling of the building.
  • the invention aims in particular to overcome these disadvantages, by proposing a slab building lighter and reduced cost, while maintaining high performance mechanical characteristics.
  • the building slab according to the invention comprises struts with a stress rod, in particular with a post-tensioning rod.
  • Such a spar is made by pouring concrete so as to produce a body in which the rod, in particular a threaded rod, is housed.
  • the stem protrudes at the ends of this body.
  • the rod is then stretched by means of jacks connected to the ends of the rod, thereby generating tensions that reverberate in the spar, in order to compensate for the external forces experienced by this spar in a building structure, and thus limit its deformations.
  • a stress rod spar is particularly robust.
  • the presence of such beams connected to the concrete slab ensures the mechanical strength of the building slab.
  • the slab may thus comprise filler material between the spars, for example polystyrene, which allows a significant gain in mass and cost, compared with a slab of the state of the art.
  • a slab according to the invention has a mass 40% lower than the mass of a slab of the state of the art of the same dimensions.
  • a slab according to the invention has a mass of about 300 kg / m 2 .
  • a slab according to the invention comprises 40% less concrete, and about 50% less steel than a slab of the state of the art, which considerably reduces costs.
  • FIG. 1 a building slab 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the slab 10 is intended to form part of a ceiling of a first room of a building, as well as part of a floor of a second room on a floor above the first room.
  • the slab 10 comprises a concrete slab 12, and a plurality of concrete spars 14, integral with the slab 12, as shown in particular in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the predalle 12 comprises four longitudinal members 14 each extending parallel to a longitudinal direction.
  • each spar 14 comprises a body 15 extending between two ends in the longitudinal direction, and a straining rod 16 extending in the longitudinal direction through the body 15, the straining rod 16 protruding beyond each end of the body 15.
  • the stress rod 16 is preferably metallic, for example made of steel.
  • the stress rod 16 is at least partially threaded, in particular threaded at its ends.
  • the straining rod 16 is generally stretched through the body 15 by a system of jacks to a predetermined tension (for example 20 tons), this stretch being maintained by two holding plates 18, each pressed against one end. respective of the cross member 14 by a respective nut 20 screwed onto the stress rod 16.
  • a predetermined tension for example 20 tons
  • the building slab 10 furthermore comprises a first metal reinforcement 22, in particular made of steel, represented on the figure 2 .
  • the first armature 22 comprises a first armature portion 22A at least partially embedded in the predalle 12 and, for each spar 14, a second armature portion 22B, connected to the first armature portion 22A, and partially embedded in this spar 14.
  • each second armature portion 22B protrudes above the corresponding spar 14, as can be seen in FIG. figure 1 .
  • Each second armature portion 22B is for example formed by a plurality of metal arches aligned in the longitudinal direction, each arch being connected by its base to the first armature portion 22B, and extending to a vertex. These are the tops of the arches that protrude above the corresponding longitudinal members 14.
  • Each second frame portion 22B supports a reservation tube 24, embedded in the spar 14 corresponding.
  • This reservation tube 24 is intended to reserve a space for the corresponding stress rod 16 during the casting of the spar 14.
  • each reservation tube 24 receives the corresponding stress rod 16
  • the building slab 10 comprises a second metal frame 26, connected to the second frame portions 22B of the first metal frame 22, and more particularly to the tops of the arches.
  • the second armature 26 comprises a grid 27 covering the longitudinal members 14, and connecting rods 28, covering the grid 27, and each passing through a respective one of the arches to maintain the grid 27.
  • the building slab 10 further comprises a filling material 30 extending on the predalle, between the longitudinal members 14.
  • the filling material 30 is for example formed by a plurality of blocks of material, each extending between two longitudinal members 14. adjacent.
  • the filling material 30 is generally a thermal and / or acoustic insulating material, for example polystyrene.
  • the filling material 30 is preferably selected economical and having a reduced mass.
  • the slab 10 comprises a concrete slab (not shown) covering the filling material 30, so that the filler material is interposed between the slab 12 and said concrete slab.
  • the second steel frame 26 is embedded in this concrete slab.
  • the building slab 10 optionally comprises a gypsum board 32 provided with fixing means to the slab 12.
  • the gypsum board 32 has a lower face, intended to give its aspect to the ceiling formed by the slab 10, and an upper face facing the predalle 12.
  • the fastening means comprise, for example, securing pins secured to the gypsum board 32, projecting from the upper face of the gypsum board 32 and penetrating the floor 12.
  • This gypsum board 32 is intended to give an aesthetic appearance below the slab 10, especially when the slab 10 is intended to form a ceiling.
  • a layer 34 of thermal and / or acoustic insulation is interposed between the plasterboard 32 and the predalle 12.
  • the slab 10 is only intended to form a floor, in which case it does not include plasterboard, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the slab 10 according to the invention is produced during a manufacturing process which will now be described.
  • the manufacturing method comprises a first step of placing the gypsum board 32, with the fastening pins secured to this gypsum board 32, projecting from the upper face of this gypsum board 32.
  • the manufacturing method then comprises a step of placing the insulating layer 34 above the gypsum board 32. It should be noted that the fixing pins then pass through this layer of insulation 34 .
  • the manufacturing process then comprises a step of placing the first frame 22.
  • the manufacturing method then comprises a casting step of the concrete slab 12, so that the fixing pins on the one hand, and the first part 22A of the first frame 22 on the other, are embedded in this predalle of concrete 12.
  • the method then comprises a step of placing blocks of filling material 30 on the pre-plate 12, between the second reinforcing portions 22B.
  • the filling material blocks 30 are, for example, polystyrene blocks.
  • the manufacturing process then comprises a step of pouring the plurality of concrete spars 14 onto the slab 12.
  • the spars 14 are cast so that the second portions 22B of the first armature 22 are partly embedded in these spars 14, tops of the hoops protruding above the spars 14. It should be noted that the blocks of material 30 form a formwork for casting the spars 14.
  • tubes 24 form reservations for the stress rods 16 in the longitudinal members 14.
  • the method then comprises a step of inserting a stress rod 16 in each reservation, of stretching of this stress rod 16, and of blocking each stress rod 16 under stress, by clamping the plates 18 against the ends of the body 15 of the corresponding spar 14, by means of the nuts 20 screwed onto the stress rod 16.
  • the method also comprises a step of placing the second armature 26, depositing the grid 27 on the longitudinal members 14 and then holding the grid 27 in place thanks to the connecting rods 28, which are passed through the poles protruding from the longitudinal members 14, then curved at their ends to be locked in position.
  • the method generally comprises a casting step of a concrete slab, covering the longitudinal members 14 and the blocks of material 30, so that the second reinforcement 26 is embedded in this concrete slab.
  • the slab 10 according to the invention has a mass lower than that of a slab of the state of the art. More particularly, the slab 10 according to the invention has for example a mass of about 300 kg / m 2 , 40% less than a slab of the state of the art.
  • a slab 10 according to the invention comprises about 0.120 m 3 of concrete / m 2 whereas a slab of the state of the art comprises about 0.200 m 3 of concrete / m 2 , a gain of 40%.
  • a slab 10 according to the invention comprises about 13 kg of steel / m 2 whereas a slab of the state of the art comprises about 28 kg of steel / m 2 , a gain of 53%.

Abstract

La dalle de bâtiment (10) comporte : une prédalle de béton (12), une pluralité de longerons de béton (14), solidaires de la prédalle (12), comprenant chacun une tige de contrainte (16) s'étendant dans ce longeron (14), le long de ce longeron (14), et un matériau de remplissage (30) s'étendant sur la prédalle (12), entre les longerons (14).The building slab (10) comprises: a concrete slab (12), a plurality of concrete spars (14), integral with the slab (12), each comprising a stress rod (16) extending in this spar (14), along this spar (14), and a filler material (30) extending on the predalle (12) between the spars (14).

Description

La présente invention concerne une dalle de bâtiment, notamment destinée à former un plancher et/ou un plafond du bâtiment.The present invention relates to a building slab, in particular for forming a floor and / or a ceiling of the building.

On connaît déjà, dans l'état de la technique, une dalle de bâtiment principalement formée de béton et d'acier. La masse d'une telle dalle est élevée (notamment environ 500 kg/m2), ainsi que son coût.Already known in the state of the art, a building slab mainly formed of concrete and steel. The mass of such a slab is high (in particular about 500 kg / m 2 ), as well as its cost.

L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients, en proposant une dalle de bâtiment plus légère et au coût réduit, tout en conservant des caractéristiques mécaniques performantes.The invention aims in particular to overcome these disadvantages, by proposing a slab building lighter and reduced cost, while maintaining high performance mechanical characteristics.

A cet effet, l'invention a notamment pour objet une dalle de bâtiment, notamment destinée à former un plancher et/ou un plafond du bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte :

  • une prédalle de béton,
  • une pluralité de longerons de béton, solidaires de la prédalle, comprenant chacun une tige de contrainte s'étendant dans ce longeron, le long de ce longeron, et
  • un matériau de remplissage s'étendant sur la prédalle, entre les longerons.
For this purpose, the invention particularly relates to a building slab, in particular for forming a floor and / or a ceiling of the building, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a concrete slab,
  • a plurality of concrete spars, integral with the predalle, each comprising a stress rod extending in this spar, along this spar, and
  • a filler material extending on the predalle between the longitudinal members.

La dalle de bâtiment selon l'invention comporte des longerons à tige de contrainte, notamment à tige de post-tension.The building slab according to the invention comprises struts with a stress rod, in particular with a post-tensioning rod.

Un tel longeron est réalisée par coulage de béton de manière à réaliser un corps dans lequel la tige, notamment une tige filetée, est logée. La tige dépasse aux extrémités de ce corps.Such a spar is made by pouring concrete so as to produce a body in which the rod, in particular a threaded rod, is housed. The stem protrudes at the ends of this body.

La tige est ensuite étirée au moyen de vérins reliés aux extrémités de la tige, générant ainsi des tensions qui se répercutent dans le longeron, afin de compenser les efforts extérieurs subis par ce longeron dans une structure de bâtiment, et ainsi limiter ses déformations.The rod is then stretched by means of jacks connected to the ends of the rod, thereby generating tensions that reverberate in the spar, in order to compensate for the external forces experienced by this spar in a building structure, and thus limit its deformations.

Un longeron à tige de contrainte est particulièrement robuste. Ainsi, la présence de tels longerons liés à la prédalle de béton permet d'assurer la tenue mécanique de la dalle de bâtiment.A stress rod spar is particularly robust. Thus, the presence of such beams connected to the concrete slab ensures the mechanical strength of the building slab.

La dalle peut ainsi comporter du matériau de remplissage entre les longerons, par exemple du polystyrène, ce qui permet un gain notable en masse et en coût, en comparaison avec une dalle de l'état de la technique.The slab may thus comprise filler material between the spars, for example polystyrene, which allows a significant gain in mass and cost, compared with a slab of the state of the art.

Plus particulièrement, une dalle selon l'invention présente une masse inférieure de 40% par rapport à la masse d'une dalle de l'état de la technique de mêmes dimensions. En effet, une dalle selon l'invention présente une masse d'environ 300 kg/m2.More particularly, a slab according to the invention has a mass 40% lower than the mass of a slab of the state of the art of the same dimensions. Indeed, a slab according to the invention has a mass of about 300 kg / m 2 .

De même, une dalle selon l'invention comporte 40% de béton de moins, et environ 50% d'acier de moins qu'une dalle de l'état de la technique, ce qui permet considérablement de réduire les coûts.Similarly, a slab according to the invention comprises 40% less concrete, and about 50% less steel than a slab of the state of the art, which considerably reduces costs.

Une dalle de bâtiment selon l'invention peut comporter en outre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou selon toutes combinaisons techniquement envisageables.

  • La dalle de bâtiment comprend une première armature métallique comportant : une première partie d'armature au moins en partie noyée dans la prédalle, et, pour chaque longeron, une seconde partie d'armature reliée à la première partie d'armature et au moins en partie noyée dans ce longeron.
  • Chaque seconde partie d'armature supporte un tube de réservation noyé dans le longeron correspondant, recevant la tige de contrainte.
  • La dalle de bâtiment comprend une seconde armature métallique, reliée aux secondes parties d'armature de la première armature métallique.
  • La dalle de bâtiment comprend une plaque de béton recouvrant le matériau de remplissage, de sorte que le matériau de remplissage est intercalé entre la prédalle et ladite plaque de béton, la seconde armature métallique étant noyée dans cette plaque de béton.
  • La dalle de bâtiment comprend une plaque de plâtre reliée à la prédalle par des moyens de liaison, comprenant par exemple des pions de liaison.
  • La dalle de bâtiment comprend une couche d'isolant thermique et/ou acoustique, intercalée entre la plaque de plâtre et la prédalle.
  • Chaque longeron s'étendant dans une direction longitudinale entre deux extrémités, chaque tige de contrainte s'étend dans l'un respectif des longerons, en dépassant au-delà de chaque extrémité de ce longeron, chaque tige de contrainte est au moins partiellement filetée, et la dalle comporte, pour chaque tige de contrainte, et pour chaque extrémité du longeron correspondant, une plaquette de maintien et un écrou, vissé sur la tige de contrainte pour plaquer la plaquette de maintien contre l'extrémité respective.
  • Le matériau de remplissage est un matériau isolant thermique et/ou isolant acoustique, par exemple du polystyrène.
A building slab according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination.
  • The building slab comprises a first metal reinforcement comprising: a first reinforcement part at least partly embedded in the predalle, and, for each spar, a second reinforcement part connected to the first reinforcing part and at least one part embedded in this spar.
  • Each second frame portion supports a reservation tube embedded in the corresponding spar, receiving the stress rod.
  • The building slab comprises a second metal frame, connected to the second frame parts of the first metal frame.
  • The building slab comprises a concrete slab covering the filling material, so that the filler material is interposed between the slab and said concrete slab, the second metal slab being embedded in the slab.
  • The building slab comprises a plasterboard connected to the predalle by connecting means, comprising for example connecting pins.
  • The building slab comprises a layer of thermal insulation and / or acoustic, sandwiched between the plasterboard and the predalle.
  • Each spar extending in a longitudinal direction between two ends, each stress rod extends in a respective one of the spars, protruding beyond each end of this spar, each stress rod is at least partially threaded, and the slab comprises, for each stress rod, and for each end of the corresponding spar, a holding plate and a nut, screwed on the stress rod to press the holding plate against the respective end.
  • The filler material is a thermal insulating material and / or acoustic insulator, for example polystyrene.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une dalle de bâtiment telle que définie précédemment, comprenant :

  • une étape de coulage d'une prédalle de béton,
  • une étape de mise en place de blocs de matériau de remplissage sur la prédalle,
  • une étape de coulage d'une pluralité de longerons de béton sur la prédalle, entre les blocs de matériau de remplissage, en laissant une réservation pour une tige de contrainte dans chaque longeron,
  • une étape d'insertion d'une tige de contrainte dans chaque réservation, d'étirement de cette tige de contrainte, et de blocage de chaque tige de contrainte sous contrainte.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a building slab as defined above, comprising:
  • a casting step of a concrete slab,
  • a step of placing blocks of filling material on the predalle,
  • a step of pouring a plurality of concrete spars on the predalle between the blocks of filling material, leaving a reservation for a stress rod in each spar,
  • a step of insertion of a stress rod in each reservation, of stretching of this stress rod, and blocking of each stress rod under stress.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une dalle de bâtiment selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue éclatée en perspective représentant partiellement la dalle de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figures, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a building slab according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is an exploded perspective view partially representing the slab of the figure 1 .

On a représenté, sur la figure 1, une dalle 10 de bâtiment selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention.On the figure 1 , a building slab 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

La dalle 10 est destinée à former une partie d'un plafond d'une première salle d'un bâtiment, ainsi qu'une partie d'un sol d'une seconde salle à un étage au-dessus de la première salle.The slab 10 is intended to form part of a ceiling of a first room of a building, as well as part of a floor of a second room on a floor above the first room.

La dalle 10 comporte une prédalle de béton 12, et une pluralité de longerons de béton 14, solidaires de la prédalle 12, comme cela est notamment représenté sur la figure 2. Sur l'exemple représenté, la prédalle 12 comporte quatre longerons 14 s'étendant chacun parallèlement à une direction longitudinale.The slab 10 comprises a concrete slab 12, and a plurality of concrete spars 14, integral with the slab 12, as shown in particular in FIG. figure 2 . In the example shown, the predalle 12 comprises four longitudinal members 14 each extending parallel to a longitudinal direction.

Plus particulièrement, chaque longeron 14 comporte un corps 15 s'étendant entre deux extrémités dans la direction longitudinale, et une tige de contrainte 16 s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale à travers le corps 15, la tige de contrainte 16 dépassant au-delà de chaque extrémité du corps 15.More particularly, each spar 14 comprises a body 15 extending between two ends in the longitudinal direction, and a straining rod 16 extending in the longitudinal direction through the body 15, the straining rod 16 protruding beyond each end of the body 15.

La tige de contrainte 16 est de préférence métallique, par exemple réalisée en acier. La tige de contrainte 16 est au moins partiellement filetée, notamment filetée à ses extrémités.The stress rod 16 is preferably metallic, for example made of steel. The stress rod 16 is at least partially threaded, in particular threaded at its ends.

La tige de contrainte 16 est généralement étirée, à travers le corps 15, par un système de vérins, jusqu'à une tension prédéfinie (par exemple 20 tonnes), cet étirement étant maintenu par deux plaquettes de maintien 18, chacune plaquée contre une extrémité respective de la traverse 14 par un écrou 20 respectif vissé sur la tige de contrainte 16.The straining rod 16 is generally stretched through the body 15 by a system of jacks to a predetermined tension (for example 20 tons), this stretch being maintained by two holding plates 18, each pressed against one end. respective of the cross member 14 by a respective nut 20 screwed onto the stress rod 16.

La dalle de bâtiment 10 comporte par ailleurs une première armature métallique 22, notamment en acier, représentée sur la figure 2.The building slab 10 furthermore comprises a first metal reinforcement 22, in particular made of steel, represented on the figure 2 .

La première armature 22 comporte une première partie d'armature 22A au moins en partie noyée dans la prédalle 12 et, pour chaque longeron 14, une seconde partie d'armature 22B, reliés à la première partie d'armature 22A, et en partie noyée dans ce longeron 14.The first armature 22 comprises a first armature portion 22A at least partially embedded in the predalle 12 and, for each spar 14, a second armature portion 22B, connected to the first armature portion 22A, and partially embedded in this spar 14.

Dans l'exemple décrit, une extrémité supérieure de chaque seconde partie d'armature 22B dépasse au-dessus du longeron 14 correspondant, comme cela est visible sur la figure 1.In the example described, an upper end of each second armature portion 22B protrudes above the corresponding spar 14, as can be seen in FIG. figure 1 .

Chaque seconde partie d'armature 22B est par exemple formée par une pluralité d'arceaux métalliques alignés dans la direction longitudinale, chaque arceau étant relié par sa base à la première partie d'armature 22B, et s'étendant jusqu'à un sommet. Ce sont les sommets des arceaux qui dépassent au-dessus des longerons 14 correspondants.Each second armature portion 22B is for example formed by a plurality of metal arches aligned in the longitudinal direction, each arch being connected by its base to the first armature portion 22B, and extending to a vertex. These are the tops of the arches that protrude above the corresponding longitudinal members 14.

Chaque seconde partie d'armature 22B supporte un tube de réservation 24, noyé dans le longeron 14 correspondant. Ce tube de réservation 24 est destiné à réserver un espace pour la tige de contrainte 16 correspondante lors du coulage du longeron 14. Ainsi, chaque tube de réservation 24 reçoit la tige de contrainte 16 correspondanteEach second frame portion 22B supports a reservation tube 24, embedded in the spar 14 corresponding. This reservation tube 24 is intended to reserve a space for the corresponding stress rod 16 during the casting of the spar 14. Thus, each reservation tube 24 receives the corresponding stress rod 16

La dalle de bâtiment 10 comprend une seconde armature métallique 26, reliée aux secondes parties d'armature 22B de la première armature métallique 22, et plus particulièrement aux sommets des arceaux.The building slab 10 comprises a second metal frame 26, connected to the second frame portions 22B of the first metal frame 22, and more particularly to the tops of the arches.

La seconde armature 26 comporte une grille 27 recouvrant les longerons 14, et des tiges de liaison 28, recouvrant la grille 27, et passant chacune au travers de l'un respectif des arceaux pour maintenir la grille 27.The second armature 26 comprises a grid 27 covering the longitudinal members 14, and connecting rods 28, covering the grid 27, and each passing through a respective one of the arches to maintain the grid 27.

La dalle de bâtiment 10 comporte par ailleurs un matériau de remplissage 30 s'étendant sur la prédalle, entre les longerons 14. Le matériau de remplissage 30 est par exemple formé par une pluralité de blocs de matériau, s'étendant chacun entre deux longerons 14 adjacents.The building slab 10 further comprises a filling material 30 extending on the predalle, between the longitudinal members 14. The filling material 30 is for example formed by a plurality of blocks of material, each extending between two longitudinal members 14. adjacent.

Le matériau de remplissage 30 est généralement un matériau isolant thermique et/ou acoustique, par exemple du polystyrène. Le matériau de remplissage 30 est de préférence choisi économique et présentant une masse réduite.The filling material 30 is generally a thermal and / or acoustic insulating material, for example polystyrene. The filling material 30 is preferably selected economical and having a reduced mass.

Avantageusement, la dalle 10 comprend une plaque de béton (non représentée) recouvrant le matériau de remplissage 30, de sorte que le matériau de remplissage est intercalé entre la prédalle 12 et ladite plaque de béton. Dans ce cas, la seconde armature d'acier 26 est noyée dans cette plaque de béton.Advantageously, the slab 10 comprises a concrete slab (not shown) covering the filling material 30, so that the filler material is interposed between the slab 12 and said concrete slab. In this case, the second steel frame 26 is embedded in this concrete slab.

Comme cela est représenté dans l'exemple de la figure 1, la dalle de bâtiment 10 comporte de manière optionnelle une plaque de plâtre 32 munie de moyens de fixation à la prédalle 12. La plaque de plâtre 32 présente une face inférieure, destinée à donner son aspect au plafond formé par la dalle 10, et une face supérieure tournée vers la prédalle 12.As shown in the example of the figure 1 , the building slab 10 optionally comprises a gypsum board 32 provided with fixing means to the slab 12. The gypsum board 32 has a lower face, intended to give its aspect to the ceiling formed by the slab 10, and an upper face facing the predalle 12.

Les moyens de fixation comportent par exemple des pions de fixation solidarisés à la plaque de plâtre 32, s'étendant en saillie depuis la face supérieure de la plaque de plâtre 32 et pénétrant la prédalle 12.The fastening means comprise, for example, securing pins secured to the gypsum board 32, projecting from the upper face of the gypsum board 32 and penetrating the floor 12.

Cette plaque de plâtre 32 est destinée à donner un aspect esthétique au-dessous de la dalle 10, notamment lorsque la dalle 10 est destinée à former un plafond.This gypsum board 32 is intended to give an aesthetic appearance below the slab 10, especially when the slab 10 is intended to form a ceiling.

Avantageusement, une couche 34 d'isolant thermique et/ou acoustique est intercalée entre la plaque de plâtre 32 et la prédalle 12.Advantageously, a layer 34 of thermal and / or acoustic insulation is interposed between the plasterboard 32 and the predalle 12.

En variante, la dalle 10 est uniquement destinée à former un plancher, auquel cas elle ne comporte pas de plaque de plâtre, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 2.Alternatively, the slab 10 is only intended to form a floor, in which case it does not include plasterboard, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .

La dalle 10 selon l'invention est réalisée au cours d'un procédé de fabrication qui va maintenant être décrit.The slab 10 according to the invention is produced during a manufacturing process which will now be described.

Le procédé de fabrication comporte une première étape de mise en place de la plaque de plâtre 32, avec les pions de fixation solidarisés à cette plaque de plâtre 32, s'étendant en saillie depuis la face supérieure de cette plaque de plâtre 32.The manufacturing method comprises a first step of placing the gypsum board 32, with the fastening pins secured to this gypsum board 32, projecting from the upper face of this gypsum board 32.

Le procédé de fabrication comporte ensuite une étape de mise en place de la couche d'isolant 34, au-dessus de la plaque de plâtre 32. Il est à noter que les pions de fixation passent alors au travers de cette couche d'isolant 34.The manufacturing method then comprises a step of placing the insulating layer 34 above the gypsum board 32. It should be noted that the fixing pins then pass through this layer of insulation 34 .

Ces deux étapes de mise en place sont optionnelles, pour le cas où l'on souhaite que le la dalle 10 comporte la plaque de plâtre 32.These two steps of installation are optional, in the case where it is desired that the slab 10 comprises the plasterboard 32.

Le procédé de fabrication comporte ensuite une étape de mise en place de la première armature 22.The manufacturing process then comprises a step of placing the first frame 22.

Le procédé de fabrication comporte ensuite une étape de coulage de la prédalle de béton 12, de sorte que les pions de fixation d'une part, et la première partie 22A de la première armature 22 d'autre part, soient noyés dans cette prédalle de béton 12.The manufacturing method then comprises a casting step of the concrete slab 12, so that the fixing pins on the one hand, and the first part 22A of the first frame 22 on the other, are embedded in this predalle of concrete 12.

Le procédé comporte ensuite une étape de mise en place de blocs de matériau de remplissage 30 sur la prédalle 12, entre les secondes parties 22B d'armature. Les blocs de matériau de remplissage 30 sont par exemple des blocs de polystyrène.The method then comprises a step of placing blocks of filling material 30 on the pre-plate 12, between the second reinforcing portions 22B. The filling material blocks 30 are, for example, polystyrene blocks.

Le procédé de fabrication comporte ensuite une étape de coulage de la pluralité de longerons de béton 14 sur la prédalle 12. Les longerons 14 sont coulés de sorte que les secondes parties 22B de la première armature 22 sont en partie noyées dans ces longerons 14, les sommets des arceaux dépassant au-dessus des longerons 14. Il est à noter que les blocs de matériau 30 forment un coffrage pour le coulage des longerons 14.The manufacturing process then comprises a step of pouring the plurality of concrete spars 14 onto the slab 12. The spars 14 are cast so that the second portions 22B of the first armature 22 are partly embedded in these spars 14, tops of the hoops protruding above the spars 14. It should be noted that the blocks of material 30 form a formwork for casting the spars 14.

Il est également à noter que les tubes 24 forment des réservations pour les tiges de contrainte 16 dans les longerons 14.It should also be noted that the tubes 24 form reservations for the stress rods 16 in the longitudinal members 14.

Le procédé comporte ensuite une étape d'insertion d'une tige de contrainte 16 dans chaque réservation, d'étirement de cette tige de contrainte 16, et de blocage de chaque tige de contrainte 16 sous contrainte, par serrage des plaques 18 contre les extrémités du corps 15 du longeron 14 correspondant, au moyen des écrous 20 vissés sur la tige de contrainte 16.The method then comprises a step of inserting a stress rod 16 in each reservation, of stretching of this stress rod 16, and of blocking each stress rod 16 under stress, by clamping the plates 18 against the ends of the body 15 of the corresponding spar 14, by means of the nuts 20 screwed onto the stress rod 16.

Le procédé comporte également une étape de mise en place de la seconde armature 26, en déposant la grille 27 sur les longerons 14, puis en maintenant la grille 27 en place grâce aux tiges de liaison 28, qui sont passées dans les arceaux dépassant des longerons 14, puis recourbées à leurs extrémités pour être verrouillées en position.The method also comprises a step of placing the second armature 26, depositing the grid 27 on the longitudinal members 14 and then holding the grid 27 in place thanks to the connecting rods 28, which are passed through the poles protruding from the longitudinal members 14, then curved at their ends to be locked in position.

Le procédé comporte généralement enfin une étape de coulage d'une plaque de béton, recouvrant les longerons 14 et les blocs de matériau 30, de sorte que la seconde armature 26 soit noyée dans cette plaque de béton.Finally, the method generally comprises a casting step of a concrete slab, covering the longitudinal members 14 and the blocks of material 30, so that the second reinforcement 26 is embedded in this concrete slab.

On notera que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation précédemment décrits, mais pourraient présenter diverses variantes sans sortir du cadre des revendications.Note that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but could have various variants without departing from the scope of the claims.

Il apparaît clairement que la dalle 10 selon l'invention présente une masse inférieure à celle d'une dalle de l'état de la technique. Plus particulièrement, la dalle 10 selon l'invention présente par exemple une masse d'environ 300 kg/m2, soit 40% de moins qu'une dalle de l'état de la technique.It clearly appears that the slab 10 according to the invention has a mass lower than that of a slab of the state of the art. More particularly, the slab 10 according to the invention has for example a mass of about 300 kg / m 2 , 40% less than a slab of the state of the art.

Une dalle 10 selon l'invention comporte environ 0,120 m3 de béton/m2 alors qu'une dalle de l'état de la technique comporte environ 0,200 m3 de béton/m2, soit un gain de 40%.A slab 10 according to the invention comprises about 0.120 m 3 of concrete / m 2 whereas a slab of the state of the art comprises about 0.200 m 3 of concrete / m 2 , a gain of 40%.

Enfin, une dalle 10 selon l'invention comporte environ 13kg d'acier/m2 alors qu'une dalle de l'état de la technique comporte environ 28 kg d'acier/m2, soit un gain de 53%.Finally, a slab 10 according to the invention comprises about 13 kg of steel / m 2 whereas a slab of the state of the art comprises about 28 kg of steel / m 2 , a gain of 53%.

Ces gains en quantité de béton et d'acier permet significativement de réduire les coûts de la dalle 10 selon l'invention en comparaison d'un dalle de l'état de la technique.These gains in quantity of concrete and steel significantly reduce the costs of the slab 10 according to the invention in comparison with a slab of the state of the art.

Claims (10)

Dalle de bâtiment (10), notamment destinée à former un plancher et/ou un plafond du bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte : - une prédalle de béton (12), - une pluralité de longerons de béton (14), solidaires de la prédalle (12), comprenant chacun une tige de contrainte (16) s'étendant dans ce longeron (14), le long de ce longeron (14), et - un matériau de remplissage (30) s'étendant sur la prédalle (12), entre les longerons (14). Building slab (10), in particular for forming a floor and / or ceiling of the building, characterized in that it comprises: a concrete slab (12), a plurality of concrete spars (14) integral with the slab (12), each comprising a stress rod (16) extending in this spar (14), along the spar (14), and - A filling material (30) extending on the predalle (12) between the longitudinal members (14). Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon la revendication 1, comprenant une première armature métallique (22) comportant : - une première partie d'armature (22A) au moins en partie noyée dans la prédalle (12), - pour chaque longeron (14), une seconde partie d'armature (22B), reliée à la première partie d'armature (22A), et au moins en partie noyée dans ce longeron (14). Building slab (10) according to claim 1, comprising a first metal frame (22) comprising: a first reinforcement part (22A) at least partially embedded in the predalle (12), - For each spar (14), a second armature portion (22B), connected to the first armature portion (22A), and at least partially embedded in the spar (14). Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle chaque seconde partie d'armature (22B) supporte un tube de réservation (24) noyé dans le longeron (14) correspondant, recevant la tige de contrainte (16).A building slab (10) according to claim 2, wherein each second armature portion (22B) supports a reservation tube (24) embedded in the corresponding spar (14) receiving the stress rod (16). Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, comprenant une seconde armature métallique (26), reliée aux secondes parties d'armature (22B) de la première armature métallique (22).Building tile (10) according to claim 2 or 3, comprising a second metal frame (26) connected to the second frame parts (22B) of the first metal frame (22). Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon la revendication 4, comprenant une plaque de béton recouvrant le matériau de remplissage (30), de sorte que le matériau de remplissage (30) est intercalé entre la prédalle (12) et ladite plaque de béton, la seconde armature métallique (26) étant noyée dans cette plaque de béton.Building slab (10) according to claim 4, comprising a concrete slab covering the filling material (30), so that the filler material (30) is interposed between the slab (12) and said concrete slab, the second metal reinforcement (26) being embedded in this concrete slab. Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, comprenant une plaque de plâtre (32) reliée à la prédalle (12) par des moyens de liaison, comprenant par exemple des pions de liaison.Building slab (10) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising a plasterboard (32) connected to the predalle (12) by connecting means, comprising for example connecting pins. Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon la revendication 6, comprenant une couche d'isolant thermique et/ou acoustique (34), intercalée entre la plaque de plâtre (32) et la prédalle (12).Building slab (10) according to claim 6, comprising a layer of thermal and / or acoustic insulation (34) interposed between the plasterboard (32) and the predalle (12). Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédente, dans laquelle : - chaque longeron (14) s'étendant dans une direction longitudinale entre deux extrémités, chaque tige de contrainte (16) s'étend dans l'un respectif des longerons (14), en dépassant au-delà de chaque extrémité de ce longeron (14), - chaque tige de contrainte (16) est au moins partiellement filetée, - la dalle comporte, pour chaque tige de contrainte (16), et pour chaque extrémité du longeron (14) correspondant, une plaquette de maintien (18) et un écrou (20), vissé sur la tige de contrainte (16) pour plaquer la plaquette de maintien (18) contre l'extrémité respective. A building slab (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: - each spar (14) extending in a longitudinal direction between two ends, each stress rod (16) extends in a respective one of the spars (14), protruding beyond each end of the spar ( 14) each stress rod (16) is at least partially threaded, the slab comprises, for each stress rod (16), and for each end of the corresponding spar (14), a holding plate (18) and a nut (20), screwed onto the stress rod (16) to plate the holding plate (18) against the respective end. Dalle de bâtiment (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le matériau de remplissage (30) est un matériau isolant thermique et/ou isolant acoustique, par exemple du polystyrène.Building slab (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler material (30) is a thermal insulating material and / or acoustic insulator, for example polystyrene. Procédé de fabrication d'une dalle de bâtiment (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant : - une étape de coulage d'une prédalle de béton (12), - une étape de mise en place de blocs de matériau de remplissage (30) sur la prédalle (12), - une étape de coulage d'une pluralité de longerons de béton (14) sur la prédalle (12), entre les blocs de matériau de remplissage (30), en laissant une réservation pour une tige de contrainte (16) dans chaque longeron (14), - une étape d'insertion d'une tige de contrainte (16) dans chaque réservation, d'étirement de cette tige de contrainte (16), et de blocage de chaque tige de contrainte (16) sous contrainte. A method of manufacturing a building slab (10) according to any one of the preceding claims comprising: a pouring step of a concrete slab (12), a step of placing blocks of filling material (30) on the predalle (12), - a step of pouring a plurality of concrete spars (14) on the pre-slab (12) between the filling material blocks (30), leaving a reservation for a stress rod (16) in each spar ( 14) - A step of inserting a stress rod (16) in each reservation, stretching the stress rod (16), and locking each stress rod (16) under stress.
EP17167873.3A 2016-04-25 2017-04-25 A building slab having a reduced mass Withdrawn EP3239425A1 (en)

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FR1653640A FR3050470A1 (en) 2016-04-25 2016-04-25 BUILDING SLAB WITH REDUCED MASS

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114856042A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-08-05 金相培 Building integrated formwork with heat insulation layer and construction method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1067963A (en) * 1952-08-27 1954-06-21 Stressteel Corp Reinforced concrete structures and elements
FR1385621A (en) * 1963-12-06 1965-01-15 Improvements made to prefabricated elements for concrete floors and floors obtained by their use
FR2122793A7 (en) * 1971-01-19 1972-09-01 Ibse
EP1350898A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2003-10-08 Jaime Enrique Jimenez Sanchez Process for fabricating in situ a light alveolar plate, plate thus obtained and its application to the construction of houses
EP1405958A2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-07 Sergio Zambelli Device for connecting a beam to pillars or similar supporting structural elements for erecting buildings
EP1908891A2 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-04-09 Ingenieria de Prefabricados S.L. Composite precast slab for flooring

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1067963A (en) * 1952-08-27 1954-06-21 Stressteel Corp Reinforced concrete structures and elements
FR1385621A (en) * 1963-12-06 1965-01-15 Improvements made to prefabricated elements for concrete floors and floors obtained by their use
FR2122793A7 (en) * 1971-01-19 1972-09-01 Ibse
EP1350898A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2003-10-08 Jaime Enrique Jimenez Sanchez Process for fabricating in situ a light alveolar plate, plate thus obtained and its application to the construction of houses
EP1405958A2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-07 Sergio Zambelli Device for connecting a beam to pillars or similar supporting structural elements for erecting buildings
EP1908891A2 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-04-09 Ingenieria de Prefabricados S.L. Composite precast slab for flooring

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114856042A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-08-05 金相培 Building integrated formwork with heat insulation layer and construction method thereof
CN114856042B (en) * 2022-01-25 2024-03-15 金相培 Building integrated template with heat insulation layer and construction method thereof

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