EP3212856B1 - Method to produce a composite heat insulation system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating a thermal insulation composite system.

Against the background of rising energy costs and increasing legal requirements, increasing the energy efficiency of buildings plays a key role. The insulation of facades is of particular importance, especially in the form of thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). Thermal insulation composite systems are usually built up from an insulation layer attached to the facade or wall to be insulated with adhesives and / or mechanical fastening elements, in particular plate anchors, which is created from abutting insulation panels laid in the surface and which is on the outside with a plaster with embedded reinforcement fabric and a top or finishing plaster is completed, if necessary, they have a paint on the outside as a further layer. In thermal insulation composite systems, mainly expanded polystyrene (EPS) and mineral wool insulation materials (glass and rock wool) are used as insulation material, other insulation materials, in particular rigid foams such as extruded polystyrene and polyurethane (PUR) / polyisocyanurate (PIR) or phenolic resin foam / resol, only have one of minor practical importance.

In order to increase energy efficiency, there has been a trend towards increasing insulation thicknesses for years. In the case of the relatively inelastic rigid foam insulation materials, ie expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), phenolic resin foam / resole, the increase in insulation thickness leads to a problem. Due to the local climatic conditions, in particular the orientation of the facade and the associated solar radiation, the building envelope and the insulation layer heat up to a certain extent. As the thickness of the insulation layer increases, there is an ever greater temperature gradient between the surface of the insulation layer facing the outside and the surface facing the load-bearing wall. As a result, the surface of the insulation board facing the outside experiences significant thermal shock loads, while the surface facing the wall has only very slight temperature fluctuations, which is expressed in a different temperature-induced dynamic linear expansion of the individual insulation boards that usually form the insulation layer, which anyway a relatively smaller change in length showing inside of the insulation layer on the wall is additionally prevented by the attachment in the change in length. This effect is known as encryption.

This dynamic expansion behavior of the insulation boards can lead to the formation of joints between adjacent insulation boards. Although the insulation boards in a thermal insulation composite system are covered with a reinforced plaster, the trend towards thinner plaster layer thicknesses, despite the reinforcement layer incorporated, leads to the increased risk of joints becoming visible due to the plaster tearing, which cannot withstand the dynamic loads of the encapsulation in the long term.

A number of solutions have been proposed in the past to avoid the problem described.

So reveals the DE 33 12 414 an insulation board with a circumferential rebate profile, which is arranged as an insulation layer of a thermal insulation composite system in such a way that a recess is formed on the outside that is filled with a pre-formed butt joint profile which is identical to the insulation boards and which is glued to the adjacent insulation boards. The butt joint profile serves as a labyrinth seal, with which the penetration or penetration or the formation of moisture in the joint area is to be prevented. To compensate for tensions, the butt joint profile is in particular provided with a one-sided fabric lamination that is worked into the plaster layer in a known manner. A comparable solution with a preformed pressure piece is in the DE 20 2006 015 663 U1 disclosed. The requirement for the adhesive connection is to provide a perfect and permanent bond between the profile elements and the insulation panels. The disadvantage of these solutions is that additional precisely fitting profile elements are required, which have to be processed on site in a complex manner. In addition, the profile elements are limited to simple geometric shapes such as cuboids or wedge shapes, so that the contact area is limited.

The DE 35 28 776 provides for the joint area to be designed in the form of an elastic expansion strip, which is covered on the outside with an elastic sealing compound. Because of the sealing compound used in the groove of the elastic expansion strip with a lower Shore hardness, thermal movements in the elastic zone of the cover and thus in the plaster layer should be barely visible. This solution represents a complex and expensive special solution that requires the manufacture of insulation panels and connected expansion strips and the application of the elastic sealing compound, at least partially on site.

The DE 298 20 778 U1 discloses thermal insulation panels with tongue and groove made of plastic foam, which have an expansion in the form of an undercut in the space between two adjacent panels. This widening is positional between the groove and Spring and the wall arranged and serves to prevent the penetration of adhesive mortar, with which the insulation panels are fixed to the wall, up to the tongue and groove area. The formation of joint cracks on the outside is not discussed.

Based on this fact, the invention has the task of providing an insulating layer of a thermal insulation composite system made of facade insulation panels, which avoids joint marks in the facade and at the same time is easy to manufacture and process.

The object is achieved by a method for creating a thermal insulation composite system with the features of claim 1. Preferred developments of the invention are characterized by the features contained in the subclaims.

The created insulation layer of a thermal insulation composite system to be attached to a building wall of facade insulation panels with a cuboid base body with two opposite large areas and four side surfaces connecting the large areas has at least one recess in the form of an undercut at butt joint areas of adjacent panels. Profiling of the insulation panels is shaped and arranged in such a way that a recess is formed over the respective contact surface with an adjacent, butted insulation panel, which is arranged as an insulation layer for a thermal insulation composite system on the side facing away from the wall when the insulation panels are installed. The recesses are filled with an elastic filling compound with adhesive properties, so that the plates are firmly connected to one another with a non-positive, elastic connection so that the encoding is significantly reduced. The design of the recess in the form of an undercut results in a non-positive, elastic connection with particularly good mechanical properties due to the enlarged contact area between the filler material and an increased amount of filler material.

In addition to the expression “encryption”, the term “bowls” or “bowls” is also used; in the English-speaking world one speaks of “bowing” or “buckling”. This means the one-sided thermal expansion of a panel on a facade under the influence of temperature, which is accompanied by bulging of the insulation panels. The panels arch like a bowl and this can cause cracks to form in the joint area.

In addition to the formation of the non-positive connection, this composite also advantageously seals the abutment surface against the penetration of mortar into the butt joint. By applying the plaster using the usual processing technology, it is inevitable that mortar material is partially pressed into the butt joints. In addition to the resulting gaping of the butt joint, such a mortar tongue is accompanied by the formation of a thermal bridge, which can reduce the overall insulating effect of the composite thermal insulation system. In practice, butt joints are already filled in with a suitable material to avoid thermal bridges due to wider butt joints, but this is only done for butt joints of a certain width, which depends on the diameter of the outlet opening of the application device, usually a cartridge. Narrower butt joints in the range of a few millimeters are usually not reworked and are not connected to one another with a force fit.

It is preferred that the facade insulation panel has a profile on two adjacent side surfaces. With this arrangement of the profiling "across the corner", the side surfaces opposite the two profiled side surfaces do not have any profiling. The facade insulation panels are laid in the insulation layer in a bond such that the profiled side surface of a facade insulation panel is adjacent to the non-profiled side surface of an adjacent facade insulation panel, so that the recess is formed by the profile of one panel.

Alternatively, it is also possible for the insulation board to have a circumferential profiling on all four side surfaces, so that the recess in the insulation layer is created by the interaction of profiling and counter-profiling (of the adjacent board).

Although it is also possible to provide profiling on the two opposite side surfaces of a facade insulation panel, this variant has the disadvantage that facade insulation panels with this form of profiling must be produced on the long side surfaces and on the short side surfaces, i.e. two products are provided have to. A flat, i.e. Continuous formation of the recesses in the insulation layer is only given when laying in a cross bond, which is generally less desirable.

The profiling expediently extends over no more than 50% of the thickness of the insulation board and thus of the insulation layer, particularly preferably no more than 25% of the thickness of the insulation board or the insulation layer. The non-profiled section of the side surface serves as an abutment surface for laying the facade insulation panels to the insulation layer.

The facade insulation panel is preferably made of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) or phenolic resin / resol. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is particularly preferred.

The filling compound has adhesive properties and enables a non-positive and elastic connection between adjacent insulation panels. It is preferred that the filler material, after curing, has a modulus of elasticity according to ISO 527 of 20 MPa to 150 MPa, particularly preferably from 50 MPa to 120 MPa.

A material is expediently used as the filler material which has a thermal conductivity according to DIN 52612-2: 1984-06 of less than or equal to 0.060 W / (mK), preferably less than or equal to 0.040 W / (mK). Due to this insulating effect of the filler material, it is advantageous to largely prevent the joints from showing on the plastered facade.

To achieve a good permanent adhesive connection, it is preferred that the filler compound in the hardened state has a tensile strength of the adhesive connection of at least 60 kPa, preferably at least 80 kPa according to EN 15870: 2009.

Foamable filling compounds based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate, which can be provided in cartridges, are preferred. Alternatively, self-curing one- or multi-component adhesives based on plastic, mineral adhesives or plastic-modified ("tempered") mineral adhesives mixed with insulating materials, preferably expanded polystyrene (EPS) in granulate form, can be used.

• Anbringen einer Dämmschicht durch stoßende Verlegung von Fassadendämmplatten an einer zu dämmenden Gebäudewand mit Kleber und/oder mechanischen Befestigungsmitteln,
• Verfüllen der zwischen benachbarten Fassadendämmplatten aufgrund der Profilierung gebildeten Ausnehmungen mit einer adhäsiven Füllmasse und Aushärten der Füllmasse unter Ausbildung einer kraftschlüssigen und elastischen Klebeverbindung,
• ggf. Entfernen von Füllmasseüberstand und/oder Glätten der Fuge nach Aushärtung der Füllmasse,
• Auftrag von Unterputz, Armierungsgewebe und Oberputz, und ggf. von weiteren Deckschichten.

The method for creating a thermal insulation composite system is given by the steps

• Attachment of an insulation layer by butting installation of facade insulation panels on a building wall to be insulated with adhesive and / or mechanical fasteners,
• Filling the recesses formed between adjacent facade insulation panels due to the profiling with an adhesive filling compound and curing the filling compound with the formation of a force-fit and elastic adhesive connection,
• If necessary, removal of excess filler and / or smoothing of the joint after the filler has hardened,
• Application of base plaster, reinforcement mesh and finishing plaster and, if necessary, of further top layers.

A simple solution to the problem is made possible due to the use of preformed profile elements with a high level of preparation and adaptation effort, which is not provided.

• Fig. 1 eine Fassadendämmplatte für eine Dämmschicht nach dem Stand der Technik in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
• Fig. 2a die Profilierung der Fassadendämmplatte nach Fig. 1
• Fig. 2b-d verschiedene Ausführungen der Profilierung einer Fassadendämmplatte für eine Dämmschicht.
• Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Dämmschicht aus Fassadendämmplatten nach dem Anbringen an die Wand.

The invention is described in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, the same objects being identified by the same reference symbols. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a facade insulation panel for an insulation layer according to the prior art in a perspective view,
• Fig. 2a the profiling of the facade insulation board Fig. 1
• Figures 2b-d different versions of the profiling of a facade insulation board for an insulation layer.
• Fig. 3 a section of an insulation layer according to the invention made of facade insulation panels after attachment to the wall.

Fig. 1 shows a facade insulation panel 1 made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in the form of a cuboid with a first large area 2, an opposite large area 3, two short side surfaces 4 and second long side surfaces 5. The facade insulation panel 1 has a non-profiled side surface section 4 on a short side surface 4 'and a profiling 6 and on a long side surface 5 a non-profiled side surface section 5' and a second profiling 7. Both profiles 6, 7 are designed here as a right-angled recess, which in the cross section of the section plane AA 'in Fig. 2a for the detail section Z is shown. The two profiles 6 and 7 have the same dimensions, so the length or width of the first large area 2 is each 5 mm less than the length or width of the second large area 3. Both profiles extend over a depth of 30 mm of the insulation board with dimensions of 1000 x 500 x 100 mm, based on the non-profiled cuboid. In the example, the depth of the profile is therefore 30% of the panel thickness. In the case of the right-angled recess, the dimension of each intermediate plane parallel to the large surfaces 2, 3 over the depth of the profile is the same as the dimension of the first large surface 2.

The Figures 2b-2d show, in an enlarged detail representation, different versions of the profiling of a facade insulation panel for an insulation layer for detail section Z. For better comparability, the versions 2a to 2d are of this type graphically arranged one below the other that the non-profiled side surface sections 4 'are aligned.

Fig. 2a exhibits the profile with a right-angled recess according to the prior art Fig. 1 enlarged. The profile width, ie the distance between the aligned plane of the non-profiled side surface sections 4 'and the profiling 4 "of the side surface 4 is constant over the profile depth.

Figure 2b represents a first profiling of the facade insulation panel for the insulation layer. Here the profiling has a comparatively small recess of 3 mm compared to the aligned plane of the non-profiled side surface sections 4 ', and after a parallel edge area 10 forms an undercut area 11 until the profile depth is reached out.

The profiling of the Figure 2c as a further profiling of the facade insulation board for the insulation layer differs from the execution according to Fig. 2 b in that the undercut is not formed with an inclined course, but is formed as a groove 12 below the parallel edge region 10.

The profiling of the Fig. 2d represents a trough-shaped or trapezoidal recess 13. As can be seen directly from the illustrations 2b-2d, the length of an intermediate plane, ie the extension in the direction of the cross-sectional area AA 'to the opposite side surface due to a larger profile width, is in the undercut area in embodiment 2b 11, in the embodiment 2c at every point of the groove recess 12 and in the embodiment 2d at least the area of the bottom of the trough-shaped recess 13 parallel to the aligned plane is smaller than the corresponding length of the first large area. Of course, this also applies to the case (not shown) of profiling (precisely) an orthogonal side surface.

Although the profiles can after Figures 2b to 2d be provided in an insulating board on only two adjacent side surfaces, but with these profilings a circumferential profiling on all four side surfaces is advantageous, so that a mirror-symmetrical joint is formed, which is indicated by dashed lines for the embodiment 2d with an adjoining further facade insulation board. The joint then has an undercut on both sides which is filled by the filler material and allows a more intensive connection of filler material and facade insulation panels, so that a higher joint strength can be achieved.

Fig. 3 shows a section of an insulating layer 14 made of insulating panels after it has been attached to the wall, the profiles 6, 7 from the Facing away from the wall. To simplify the illustration, any mechanical fastening elements used have been omitted and the reference symbols are entered only once. The cutout after Fig. 3 shows a total of twenty facade insulation panels 1 with profiling according to Fig. 2 b Via a "corner" on two adjacent side surfaces, which are arranged in the association in a conventional manner before the filling material is introduced. In the top view it can be seen that the facade insulation panels 1 in the exemplary embodiment are arranged in such a way that the profiles from the parallel edge area 10 and the inclined undercut area 11 are located on the right and lower edge of a facade insulation panel 1. This regular arrangement results in joints or recesses 15 in the area on all abutting surfaces of the insulation elements - continuous in the horizontal plane, interrupted in the vertical plane. In this embodiment, the joint 15 has a wedge-shaped shape and is formed by the profiling 6 or 7 and the non-profiled side surface 4 and 5 of a further abutting facade insulation panel 1 are formed. The limitation of the undercut is not visible in the top view and in Fig. 3 indicated by the dashed lines 16.

After the insulation panels 1 have been attached and the associated joint formation, the joints 15 are foamed or filled with a suitable filler material, in particular a PUR foam adhesive, in a subsequent work step. After the foaming and curing time, any material that has swelled out of the joint is removed with a craft knife and, if necessary, the joint is smoothed. On the insulation layer prepared in this way, the further layers, concealed plaster with reinforcing fabric, finishing plaster / finishing plaster and possibly further covering layers such as paint coats of the thermal insulation composite system, are then applied in a manner known per se.

In addition to the gluing of abutting facade insulation panels in the area, facade insulation panels arranged orthogonally to one another can advantageously also be glued in the corner area, which results in considerable mechanical stabilization.

The invention also leaves room for further refinements.

It is not necessary for the profiling to have the same geometry on all profiled side surfaces; different geometries can also be combined with one another.

The basic shape of the facade element can also differ from a cuboid shape and be a rebate element known per se. The described configuration of the profiling according to the invention is then preferably formed in one of the two insulating layers of the rebate element.

The basic shape of the facade element can differ from the cuboid shape and be a tongue-and-groove element known per se. The described configuration of the profiling according to the invention is then preferably arranged in one of the two outer insulating layers of the three-layer tongue-and-groove element.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art to determine the specific dimensions of the profile, in particular the profile width at the point of application, according to the narrow parallel edge area Figures 2b-2d , taking into account the mating profile, the flow properties of the filler material and the geometry of the application element, so that a quick cavity filling can be achieved with minimal use of material.

The specified dimensions and material information are therefore only illustrative. Other dimensions and materials are within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. Method for creating a composite thermal insulation system, characterized by the following steps

   - Applying an insulating layer (14) of facade insulation panels (1) with a cuboidal base body with two opposite large surfaces (2, 3) and four side surfaces (4, 5) connecting the large surfaces by butt laying the facade insulation panels (1) on a building wall to be insulated using adhesive and/or mechanical fastening means, so that the insulating layer (14) has at least one outside recess (6, 7, 15) on the large surface remote from the building wall, at butt joint regions of adjoining panels, in the form of an undercut,

   - Filling the recesses (6, 7, 15) formed by the profiling between adjacent facade insulation panels with an adhesive filling compound and curing the adhesive filling compound to form a non-positive and elastic adhesive bond,

   - if necessary, removal of excess filling material and/or smoothing of the recess (15) after the filling material has cured,

   - Application of base coat, reinforcing fabric and top coat, and, if necessary, of further top coats.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the facade insulation panels (1) have two adjoining profiled side surfaces and two adjoining non-profiled side surfaces, and the recesses of the insulation layer are formed by the cooperation of a profiled and a non-profiled side surface of adjoining facade insulation panels.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the facade insulation panels (1) have a circumferential profiling on all four side faces, so that the recesses in the insulation layer are formed by the cooperation of profiling and counter-profiling of the adjacent panels.
4. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the recess (6, 7) extends over not more than 50% of the thickness of the insulation layer (14), preferably not more than 25% of the thickness of the insulation layer (14).
5. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the facade insulation panels are made of expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate or phenolic resin foam/resol.
6. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the filling material is a filling material which is elastic after curing and has an elasticity modulus according to ISO 527 of 20 MPa to 150 MPa.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the elastic filling material after curing has a modulus of elasticity according to ISO 527 of 50 MPa to 120 MPa.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the filling material has a thermal conductivity according to DIN 52612-2:1984-06 of less than or equal to 0.060 W/(mK), preferably less than or equal to 0.040 W/(mK).
9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the filling material, after curing, forms an adhesive bond between adjacent side surfaces which has a tensile strength of at least 60 kPa, preferably at least 80 kPa according to EN 15870:2009.
10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the filling material is a foamed filling material based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate, a self-cured one- or multi-component adhesive compound based on plastics material mixed with insulating material, or a self-cured mineral or plastics-modified mineral adhesive compound mixed with insulating material.

Images