EP3210225B1 - Lichtbogensteuerungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Lichtbogensteuerungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3210225B1
EP3210225B1 EP15791327.8A EP15791327A EP3210225B1 EP 3210225 B1 EP3210225 B1 EP 3210225B1 EP 15791327 A EP15791327 A EP 15791327A EP 3210225 B1 EP3210225 B1 EP 3210225B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
horn
electric arc
stationary contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15791327.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3210225A1 (de
Inventor
Jérôme Hertzog
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Socomec SA
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Socomec SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3210225A1 publication Critical patent/EP3210225A1/de
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Publication of EP3210225B1 publication Critical patent/EP3210225B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/20—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric arc cutting devices.
  • an electric arc is born between the electrical contacts.
  • This arc creates a counter-electromotive force in the network which tends to oppose the source of the network.
  • the intensity of the current at the terminals of the switchgear periodically passes through zero. For example, these zero crossings of the intensity take place every 10ms on a 50Hz network.
  • the conductive arc cools suddenly and the ions of the plasma of the arc then recombine. This recombination takes place more or less quickly depending on the cutting technique (fractionation or elongation), the degree of pollution and the type of plasma. This recombination allows the cut to withstand the network voltage still present at its terminals. If this is not the case, a dielectric breakdown re-ignites an arc in the cut, until the next current crossing through zero.
  • the arc horn Due to the presence of a folded switching portion, the arc horn makes it possible to push the arc back into the bottom of the breaking device, to improve its fractionation and to move the arc away from the fixed contact.
  • the displacement of the arc from the fixed contact towards the arc horn also makes it possible to reduce the erosion of the fixed contact due to a limited contact between the electric arc and the fixed contact, which makes it possible to improve the duration. cut-off device life.
  • the arc switching portion constitutes a sacrificial element which will be consumed by the arc in place of the fixed contact, thus making it possible to improve the life of the fixed contact and therefore to increase the life of the breaking device. .
  • the material forming the arc switching portion may have a state change temperature greater than the state change temperature of the material forming the fixed contact. This is the case, for example, when the arc horn is made of steel and the fixed contact is made of copper.
  • the material forming the arc switching portion can have a melting temperature, respectively vaporization, greater than the melting temperature, respectively vaporization, of the material forming the fixed contact.
  • the switching device is present in a case, the arc horn having a width L equal to the internal width of said case.
  • the interrupting device may further include an interrupting chamber comprising a stack of electric arc fractionation plates present opposite the arc horn.
  • Such a device makes it possible to further improve the breaking capacity of the device and thus to further limit the erosion of the electrical contacts due to the arc.
  • the breaking device may be devoid of a stack of electric arc fractionating plates.
  • Such a device advantageously makes it possible to have a simple and inexpensive electric arc breaking solution.
  • the figure 1 represents an example of an electric arc breaking device 1 according to the invention.
  • the illustrated breaking device makes it possible to cut an electric arc in the air.
  • the cut-off device 1 comprises a contact zone 2 in which are present at least one fixed contact 3 and at least one mobile contact 4 with respect to the fixed contact 3.
  • the contacts 3 and 4 can be brought into contact and separated from each other.
  • the movable contact 4 being configured in the example illustrated to effect a rotational movement about an axis of rotation when the contacts are separated.
  • the contact head 3 and the fixed support 15 form a fixed sub-assembly allowing the connection of the switching device 1 in an electrical installation.
  • the contact head 3 can be formed from a metallic material, for example copper. When the movable contact 4 is in contact with the contact head 3, a current can flow between these elements. When the movable contact 4 is separated from the contact head 3, a current cannot flow between these elements.
  • the cut-off device shown is a two-knife, double-cut, rotary cut-off device (see figure 2 ). It does not depart from the scope of the invention when the cutting device is of another type, for example of the single rotary cutoff type with knives or double translational cutoff with knives.
  • the switching device 1 further comprises an arc horn 10 present opposite the contact head 3 on the fixed support 15.
  • the arc horn 10 is fixed to the fixed support 15 by a mechanical connection.
  • the arc horn 10 has a tab 14 as well as an arc switching portion 12.
  • the arc horn is made of an electrically conductive material, the arc horn 10 can for example be formed. of a metallic material, for example steel.
  • the tab 14 is in the example illustrated in contact with the fixed support 15 but it does not depart from the scope of the invention when the arc horn 10 is not in contact with the fixed support 15 but is fixed to the case. constituting the outer casing of the breaking device.
  • the distance separating the arc horn 10 from the fixed support 15 may, for example, be less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • An electric arc generated from the movable contact 4 is intended to move on the arc switching portion 12 as will be detailed below.
  • the height h c of the arc horn 10 is greater than the height h t of the contact head 3
  • the arc switching portion 12 is folded back and extends in a direction opposite to the fixed contact 3 (ie extends away from the fixed contact 3).
  • the switching portion 12 forms, as illustrated, an elbow 12a.
  • the height h c of the arc horn 10 as well as the height h ' c at which the elbow 12a is present are, in the example illustrated, greater than the height h t of the contact head 3.
  • the heights h c , h ' c and h t are measured from the surface S of the fixed support 15 opposite which the arc horn 10 is present and perpendicular to this surface S.
  • the switching device 1 is present in a box 35.
  • the box corresponds to the combination of two half-boxes (see figures 2 and 3 ).
  • the half-box forms with the other half-box (not shown), the outer casing of the switching device.
  • This envelope allows the fixing of the breaking device in the electrical installation.
  • the arc horn 10 has a width equal to the internal width of the housing 35 to reduce, or even prevent, the lateral bypassing of said arc horn 10 by the plasma gases.
  • the figure 4 shows the arc horn and illustrates the fact that it has a sufficient width to limit its lateral bypassing by the gas.
  • the width L of the arc horn 10 corresponds to its largest dimension measured perpendicular to its height.
  • the switching device 1 further comprises, in the example illustrated in figure 1 an interrupting chamber 20 comprising a stack of fractionation sheets 21.
  • the electric arc fractionation sheets 21 are mounted on a sheet support 22 (see figure 3 ).
  • the mounting of the splitting sheets 21 on the sheet support 22 makes it possible to form a rigid interrupting chamber 20.
  • the fractionation sheets 21 are for example made of mild steel.
  • the sheet support 22 can, for example, be made of vulcanized cardboard.
  • the fractionation sheets can alternatively be directly mounted on the box constituting the outer casing of the breaking device.
  • the interrupting chamber 20 illustrated comprises a plurality of stacked dividing plates 21, for example at least three stacked dividing plates 21, for example at least five stacked dividing plates 21.
  • the fractionation plates may for example have a V or U shape when viewed in a direction perpendicular to their plane of elongation.
  • an electric arc 30 is formed after opening of the contacts 3 and 4.
  • the arc 30 is born at the location of the last electrical contact.
  • This arc 30 is subjected to the Laplace force induced by the circulation of the current, this circulation is materialized by the curves 31.
  • the arc 30 is located in a current loop and the Laplace forces which are exerted on this loop tend to open the loop. This effect is commonly referred to as the loop effect.
  • the Laplace force applied to the arc 30 tends to push the arc 30 towards the bottom of the breaking device 1.
  • the contacts continue their opening movement.
  • the arc 30 then moves to the end 3a of the contact head 3 and to the end 4a of the movable contact 4 (see figure 5 ).
  • the plasma from the cooled arc can follow a predetermined path shown by arrows 32. Due to the use of an arc horn 10 of sufficient width, the gases travel a longer path and are therefore better cooled. before their evacuation outside the cut-off device. This can advantageously make it possible to minimize the potential ignitions outside the breaking device.
  • the majority of the volume of these plasma gases is diverted to an exhaust port 40 and circulates in the volume delimited by the switching portion 12 and the fractionation plate closest to this portion. These gases allow the medium close to the arc horn to be under more optimal dielectric breakdown conditions (the dielectric strength decreases when the temperature increases).
  • the contacts continue their opening movement.
  • the arc at the end of the contact head (configuration P1 shown diagrammatically in figure 6 ) then switches to the switching portion 12 of the arc horn 10 (P2 configuration) because its length is shorter after switching.
  • Such switching can be explained by the fact that it is preferable for the electric arc to extend along a path that is as “impedant” as possible, corresponding here to a path having the shortest possible length. This switching results from a dielectric breakdown phenomenon.
  • the arc in the P1 configuration also undergoes the loop effect of the flow of current which tends to deform it and give it a curved shape (see configuration P 'in dotted lines on figure 6 ). This deformation makes it even easier to switch the arc on the arc horn.
  • the arc moves radially during switching on the arc horn, that is to say perpendicular to the axis rotation of the moving contact.
  • the switching portion 12 constitutes a sacrificial part of the breaking device which will be consumed in place of the fixed contact 3. This makes it possible to extend the period during which the contacts of the breaking device can be used and thus to improve the service life of the breaking device.
  • the contacts still continue their opening movement.
  • the arc enters the interrupting chamber and splits. In doing so, it maintains a certain level of fixed voltage (cathodic and anode voltage drops at the level of the different arc feet) and cools (exchange between the arc and the splitting plates which increases the impedance). After complete opening of the contacts, the arc is completely divided in the interrupting chamber (see figures 7 and 8 ).
  • This breaking principle can also be declined without splitting plates, which allows a simplification of the breaking device 50, as illustrated in figure 9 .
  • the switching of the arc of the contact head 3 on the arc horn 10 is carried out as with the interrupting chamber. After switching, the arc no longer stabilizes in the interrupting chamber, but extends to the bottom of the interrupting device 50.
  • This elongation results from Laplace forces as a consequence of the loop effect.
  • the elongation allows the arc to increase its impedance.
  • the arc foot stabilizes at the end of the switching portion 12, this zone being a sacrificial zone as described above.
  • the switching devices according to the invention can be used to cut a direct current (“DC”) or alternating current. (“AC”).
  • the switching devices according to the invention can be used in the field of low voltage (U_AC ⁇ 1000V and U_DC ⁇ 1500V).

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Lichtbogensteuerungsvorrichtung (1; 50), umfassend:
    - eine Kontaktzone (2), in der mindestens ein fester Kontakt (3) und mindestens ein in Bezug auf den festen Kontakt (3) mobiler Kontakt (4) vorhanden sind, wobei die Kontakte (3; 4) miteinander in Kontakt gebracht und voneinander getrennt werden können, und
    - ein Lichtbogenhorn (10), das gegenüber dem festen Kontakt (3) vorhanden ist, wobei die Höhe hc des Lichtbogenhorns (10) größer oder gleich der Höhe ht des festen Kontakts (3) ist, und das Lichtbogenhorn (10) einen umgebogenen Lichtbogenschaltabschnitt (12) aufweist, der sich in einer Richtung entgegengesetzt zu dem festen Kontakt (3) erstreckt,
    wobei die Vorrichtung in einem Gehäuse vorhanden ist und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das Lichtbogenhorn (10) eine Breite L gleich der inneren Breite des genannten Gehäuses aufweist, wobei die Breite L des Lichtbogenhorns (10) seiner größten Abmessung entspricht, die rechtwinklig zu seiner Höhe gemessen wird.
  2. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie außerdem eine Steuerungskammer (20) umfasst, umfassend einen Stapel von Platten (21) zur Fraktionierung des Lichtbogens, der gegenüber dem Lichtbogenhorn (10) vorhanden ist.
  3. Vorrichtung (50) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie keinen Stapel von Platten zur Fraktionierung des Lichtbogens umfasst.
  4. Vorrichtung (1; 50) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material, das den Lichtbogenschaltabschnitt (12) bildet, eine Zustandsänderungstemperatur aufweist, die größer ist als die Zustandsänderungstemperatur des Materials, das den festen Kontakt (3) bildet.
EP15791327.8A 2014-10-22 2015-10-20 Lichtbogensteuerungsvorrichtung Active EP3210225B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1460150A FR3027728B1 (fr) 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Dispositif de coupure d'arc electrique
PCT/FR2015/052807 WO2016062960A1 (fr) 2014-10-22 2015-10-20 Dispositif de coupure d'arc electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3210225A1 EP3210225A1 (de) 2017-08-30
EP3210225B1 true EP3210225B1 (de) 2021-03-10

Family

ID=52465504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15791327.8A Active EP3210225B1 (de) 2014-10-22 2015-10-20 Lichtbogensteuerungsvorrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10319542B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3210225B1 (de)
CN (1) CN107004529A (de)
ES (1) ES2872524T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3027728B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016062960A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105788986B (zh) * 2016-05-17 2017-09-12 浙江人民电器有限公司 一种直流断路器灭弧装置
CN105788987B (zh) * 2016-05-17 2018-01-09 浙江人民电器有限公司 一种易分断直流断路器
CN105762041B (zh) * 2016-05-17 2017-09-12 浙江人民电器有限公司 一种直流断路器灭弧结构
CN105762042B (zh) * 2016-05-17 2018-01-09 浙江人民电器有限公司 一种直流断路器
EP3457422B1 (de) * 2017-09-15 2021-04-14 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrischer schalter
FI11882U1 (fi) 2017-09-15 2017-12-05 Abb Oy Sähkökytkin
EP3457421B1 (de) * 2017-09-15 2021-04-07 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrischer schalter
CN110120285B (zh) * 2019-06-12 2020-03-31 西南交通大学 一种招弧角灭弧装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4764650A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-08-16 Merlin Gerin Molded case circuit breaker with removable arc chutes and disengageable transmission system between the operating mechanism and the poles
WO2013186432A1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Abb Oy Electric current switching apparatus

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5087455U (de) * 1973-12-14 1975-07-25
US4011420A (en) * 1975-01-22 1977-03-08 General Electric Company Molded case circuit breaker with improved interrupting capacity
EP0079978A1 (de) * 1981-11-21 1983-06-01 Sprecher & Schuh AG Kontaktstück für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, insbesondere für ein Schütz
FR2569304B1 (fr) * 1984-08-15 1990-12-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Interrupteur de circuit
FR2583571B1 (fr) * 1985-06-12 1994-02-18 Merlin Et Gerin Disjoncteur basse tension a coupure amelioree.
EP0207458B1 (de) * 1985-07-02 1992-03-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Lastschalter
JP3099690B2 (ja) * 1995-08-03 2000-10-16 富士電機株式会社 回路遮断器
DE20316027U1 (de) * 2003-10-18 2004-01-15 Moeller Gmbh Elektrisches Schaltgerät mit Einrichtung zur Lichtbogenlöschung
US20050279734A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Carothers Arthur D Arc runner clinch assembly for electrical switching apparatus
US7875822B2 (en) * 2008-01-10 2011-01-25 General Electric Company Ablative-based multiphase current interrupter
FI123561B (fi) * 2011-06-07 2013-07-15 Abb Oy Kytkin
DE102012203598A1 (de) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Befestigung von Löschblechen im Schaltpol eines Leistungsschalters

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4764650A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-08-16 Merlin Gerin Molded case circuit breaker with removable arc chutes and disengageable transmission system between the operating mechanism and the poles
WO2013186432A1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Abb Oy Electric current switching apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3027728B1 (fr) 2017-12-08
US20170309426A1 (en) 2017-10-26
EP3210225A1 (de) 2017-08-30
US10319542B2 (en) 2019-06-11
CN107004529A (zh) 2017-08-01
ES2872524T3 (es) 2021-11-02
FR3027728A1 (fr) 2016-04-29
WO2016062960A1 (fr) 2016-04-28

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