EP3201120A1 - Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une couche - Google Patents
Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une coucheInfo
- Publication number
- EP3201120A1 EP3201120A1 EP15771624.2A EP15771624A EP3201120A1 EP 3201120 A1 EP3201120 A1 EP 3201120A1 EP 15771624 A EP15771624 A EP 15771624A EP 3201120 A1 EP3201120 A1 EP 3201120A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- cavity
- cavities
- closure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00023—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems without movable or flexible elements
- B81C1/00055—Grooves
- B81C1/00071—Channels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
- C25D7/123—Semiconductors first coated with a seed layer or a conductive layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/69—Inorganic materials
- H10P14/692—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/40—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids
- H10W40/47—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids by flowing liquids, e.g. forced water cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
- H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of producing devices formed from a substrate and comprising one or more closed cavities on one of the faces of the substrate, such cavities that can then be kept empty or used to allow the passage of a flow of gas or liquid, in particular to implement a heat exchanger for a microelectronic device or a microsystem.
- a technique In order to produce one or more closed cavities on a substrate, a technique consists in forming these cavities for example by etching on one side of the substrate and then closing them by extending a cover.
- Such a method requires an alignment between the cover that is reported and the cavities. Furthermore, the surface condition of the assembled faces of the cover and the substrate must be adapted so that after sealing the cavities are closed hermetically. Finally, the bonnet carryover can induce mechanical stresses on the substrate.
- the closure layer is improperly deposited on the substrate.
- Non-conformal deposition means that the layer does not reproduce the topography of the given face.
- the closure layer may optionally partially fill the cavity, an empty space being however preserved in this cavity.
- Cavity means a hollow structure such as a groove or a trench, for example of cylindrical shape, formed in a substrate.
- This substrate may be formed of a single block or a stack of layers.
- the given face of the substrate may be the upper face, also called the front face of the substrate on which one or more electronic or electromechanical components are made or intended to be made. These electronic components are formed in particular in a semiconductor layer resting on the upper face.
- the deposition of the closure layer is carried out in step b) by electrolysis.
- step a) it is possible to perform beforehand, between step a) and step b), a conformal deposition of a conductive layer on the given face, the conductive layer covering the blocks, the bottom and the walls of the cavity, the deposition of the closure layer being then carried out in step b) by electrolysis on this conductive layer.
- An electrolytic deposition has the advantage of making it possible to close cavities of large critical size, in particular greater than 10 ⁇ without filling them.
- At least one mask element can be formed on the given face of the substrate on which electrolytic growth is prevented.
- the mask element for masking an area of the substrate during electrolysis can then be removed after step b).
- closure layer comprises a physical vapor deposition in step b).
- etching of one or more areas of the closure layer may be performed. This step can make it possible to expose certain zones of the substrate, or even to open certain cavities.
- step a) the block or blocks are formed by etching the given face of the substrate or by adding material to the given face of the substrate.
- the present invention provides for the production of a heat exchanger structure for an electronic device and / or microsystem comprising the formation of one or more closed cavities formed using the method as defined above.
- the substrate comprises a semiconductor layer and in which one or more transistors are able to be formed, the semiconductor layer being surmounted by an isolating layer in which one or more openings are made from each other and from a set of blocks:
- the closure layer in step b) can be formed in the openings so as to be in contact with the semiconductor layer.
- FIGS. 1A-1F serve to illustrate a first example of a method for producing closed cavities
- FIGS. 2A-2B serve to illustrate a variant of the first example of a method
- FIGS. 3A-3D serve to illustrate a second example of a method for producing closed cavities
- FIGS. 4A-4B serve to illustrate a variant of the second example of a method
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger structure on the front face of a substrate
- FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger structure on the front face of a substrate
- FIGS. 1A-1F A first example of a method of producing one or more closed cavities on a substrate will now be described in connection with FIGS. 1A-1F.
- the starting material of this process is a substrate 1 which may be based on a semiconductor material, for example such as Si, and comprises one or more patterns in the form of one or more cavities 5a, 5b formed by etching. through a face the still called “front face” or “upper face” of the substrate.
- the front face is here a face on which one or more electronic and / or electromechanical components are made or intended to be made.
- the cavities 5a, 5b are delimited and each surrounded by one or more blocks 4 etched in the substrate 1.
- One or more given cavities 5a are provided with a shape ratio h / d c , ie their height h (measured in one direction parallel to the vector z of an orthogonal reference [0; x; y; z] given in FIG. 1A) on their width, also called "critical dimension" of, h / d c being provided greater than a predetermined threshold.
- width or “critical dimension” of the term, is meant here and throughout the description the smallest dimension of a pattern except its height or its thickness (here being measured in a plane parallel to the main plane of the substrate, ie a plane passing through the substrate and parallel to the plane [0; x; y]).
- the cavities given 5a have a critical dimension of which can be between 0.05 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ and a height which can be for example between 0.05 ⁇ and 700 ⁇ .
- the cavities In a case for example where the substrate 1 is a Si plate of 300 mm having a thickness of the order of 775 ⁇ , the cavities have a height which can be for example of the order of a few micrometers less, for example of the order of 700 ⁇ .
- the cavities may have a height of the order of 1190 ⁇ .
- a conductive layer 11 is then made on the front face of the substrate 1 (Figure 1B).
- This conductive layer 11 may be formed of a stack comprising a metal diffusion barrier sublayer, for example based on titanium.
- This barrier sub-layer may also serve a layer function hooked to another layer of metal overlying it.
- This other metal layer may for example be based on copper.
- the conductive layer 11 is made by conformal deposition so that it reproduces the relief of the front face of the substrate 1.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 11 is provided so that it lines the bottom and the side walls of the cavities 5a, 5b, without completely filling them.
- a cavity closure layer 20 is then formed.
- the closure layer 20 is formed by electrolytic deposition, the deposit being non-compliant
- this deposit may be preceded by a formation of masking patterns 13, which may be made for example by photolithography ( Figure 1C).
- the masking patterns 13 are based on a material which is not conductive and on which electrolytic growth is prevented.
- the masking may be for example a dielectric material or a polymer, in particular a photoresist.
- the closure layer 20 of the cavities may be based on a metallic material such as, for example, copper or nickel.
- the deposited closure layer 20 makes it possible to close or seal these cavities 5a without filling them completely (FIG. 1D).
- An empty space 6 delimited between the side walls, the bottom of the cavities 5a lined by the conductive layer 11 and the closure layer 20 is thus preserved.
- the shape ratio threshold beyond which the cavities 5a are intended to form may depend on the type of material deposited and the thickness provided for the closure layer 20.
- a sealing of cavities 5a critical dimension of for example between 0.05 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ can be achieved.
- a cavity 5a formed by electrolysis of a deposited copper layer with a width of 0.25 ⁇ can be provided with a height h of the order of 1.5 ⁇ .
- the dc / h ratio is chosen preferentially greater than 1 ⁇ 2 to promote the closure of the cavities without filling them completely.
- the formation parameters of the electrolytic deposit are adapted to make it non-compliant so that this deposit is favored on the upper part of the walls of the cavity which will thus close without being completely filled.
- a current of between 1 mA / cm 2 and 100 mA / cm 2 can be used for a deposition of a Cu-based closure layer. In this case, a value of 100 mA / cm 2 is therefore preferred.
- Some cavities 5b having a lower form factor and lower than the predetermined threshold, can be filled by the material of the closure layer 20.
- the masking blocks 13 are then removed using dry and / or wet etching (FIG. 1E).
- the removal of the masking blocks 13 can be carried out, for example by a method commonly called "stripping" when these masking blocks 13 are resin-based.
- the conductive layer 11 (FIG. 1F) can then be etched if necessary. Anisotropic etching so as to keep the conductive layer 11 only in the areas of the closure layer 20 can be achieved.
- FIGS. 1A-1F An alternative method illustrated in Figures 2A-2B provides for forming the cavities 5a, 5b in a layer of material 3 added to a substrate 1, for example by deposition, and in which patterns are formed, for example by etching.
- the other steps of this variant may follow those of the example previously described in connection with FIGS. 1A-1F.
- a closure layer 120 of cavities 5A, 5b can be formed by a PVD type deposit (for "physical vapor deposition” ie “physical vapor deposition” ).
- This deposit can be made on a front face of a substrate 1 in which the cavities have been formed by etching the substrate (FIG. 3A).
- the PVD deposit is non-compliant and can be made at low pressure (i.e. less than 1 mBar) in a partial vacuum enclosure. Due to the shape factor h / dc of cavities 5a given, the closure layer 120 deposited makes it possible to close or seal these cavities 5a without filling them completely.
- the closed or sealed cavities 5a thus comprise an empty space 6.
- These other cavities 5b have in particular a width or critical dimension higher than that of the cavities 5a and a height which may be equal to those of cavities 5a.
- patterns can be made in the closure layer 120 by etching it, for example, through openings of a mask 140.
- This mask 140 may be for example based on photosensitive polymer and produced by photolithography (FIG. 3B-3C ).
- Masking 140 can then be removed (FIG. 3D). Closing zones 120a are thus obtained making it possible to seal one or more localized cavities 5a without filling them completely.
- FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate an alternative embodiment of the closure layer 120 by PVD on cavities 5a, 5b formed in a layer 3 added to or deposited on the front face of the substrate 1.
- a method according to the invention can find applications in the production of a device with closed cavities and realizing circulation channels of a substance (gas, liquid, molecule (s), organic material) near the active device.
- a substance gas, liquid, molecule (s), organic material
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary heat exchanger structure formed using a method as described above.
- This structure thus comprises a closure layer 20 of cavities 5a, 5b disposed on the front face of a substrate 1.
- This front face is covered with a stack 11 of layers in which electronic components such as transistors in CMOS technology are formed.
- Some cavities 5a disposed on and / or facing the components, comprise a void space 6 forming a channel in which a fluid is intended to circulate.
- this structure can thus make it possible to limit heating of a microelectronic device disposed on the upper face 1a of the substrate 1.
- FIGS. 6A-6B Another example of a method for producing a structure with one or more cavities closed on a substrate will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B.
- a substrate 51 which can be a bulk semiconductor substrate ("bulk” according to the English terminology) based on semiconductor material, for example such as Si and whose front or upper face comprises less a semiconductor layer 52 in which one or more electronic components are able to be formed, in particular transistors for example in CMOS technology.
- the semiconductor layer 52 is itself surmounted by at least one layer 53, which may have a thickness of the order of several micrometers, by example of the order of 7 ⁇ .
- the layer 53 is composed of interconnection lines encapsulated in at least one insulating layer.
- This layer 53 is typically called BEOL (back end of lines) in a CMOS technology.
- BEOL is typically composed of 7 levels of interconnection lines each separated by an insulating layer.
- the layer 53 is covered with blocks 54 between which cavities 55 are delimited.
- the blocks 54 are made in a conductive layer, for example a metal layer belonging to a given interconnection level of components and covered with an insulating layer called passivation.
- the cavities 55 are preferably provided with a form ratio h / d c , greater than the predetermined threshold mentioned in the embodiments described.
- openings 57 passing through the layer 53 are formed on either side of a first set of blocks 54. At the bottom of these openings 57, the semi-circular layer -conductor 52 in which the CMOS transistors are formed is unveiled.
- a layer 520 for closing the cavities is then formed.
- closure layer 520 closing is based on conductive material or metal and is made for example by electroplating.
- the closure layer 520 can be made as in the example of Figure 1D, on a thin conformal conductive layer (not shown in Figures 6A-6B) reproducing the relief of the front face of the substrate and previously deposited.
- the closure layer 520 is disposed only on certain localized regions where the sets of blocks 54 are arranged.
- This localized arrangement can be implemented using a method in which masking (not shown) is formed on certain portions of the insulating layer 53 or by etching portions of the closure layer 520, for example through a mask.
- the deposition of the closure layer 520 is then performed so as to fill the openings 57 passing through the insulating layer 53 of conductive material.
- the closure layer 520 thus produced is thus in contact with the semiconductor layer 52.
- Elements 522 of the closure layer 520 arranged in the openings make it possible to connect the exchanger structure to the semiconductor layer in which transistors are formed.
- Thermal heating of this semiconductor layer 52 propagates in the closure layer 520 of the closed cavity heat exchanger structure 55. A heat dissipation is then achieved through the cavities 55 in which can circulate air or a gas or a cooling fluid.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1459507A FR3026890B1 (fr) | 2014-10-03 | 2014-10-03 | Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une couche |
| PCT/EP2015/072735 WO2016050932A1 (fr) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une couche |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3201120A1 true EP3201120A1 (fr) | 2017-08-09 |
Family
ID=52474011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15771624.2A Withdrawn EP3201120A1 (fr) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une couche |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170241032A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3201120A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3026890B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016050932A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3088999B1 (fr) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-12-11 | Stiral | Procédé de fabrication d’un échangeur thermique ou d’un caloduc |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3686081A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1972-08-22 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Method for incorporating strength increasing filler materials in a matrix |
| US6031286A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2000-02-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semiconductor structures containing a micro pipe system therein |
| EP1132500A3 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2002-01-23 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Procédé pour le dépôt électrochimique de métal en utilisant de formes d'onde modulées |
| US7229909B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2007-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrated circuit chip utilizing dielectric layer having oriented cylindrical voids formed from carbon nanotubes |
| US8262916B1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-09-11 | Microfabrica Inc. | Enhanced methods for at least partial in situ release of sacrificial material from cavities or channels and/or sealing of etching holes during fabrication of multi-layer microscale or millimeter-scale complex three-dimensional structures |
| US9422154B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2016-08-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Feedback control of dimensions in nanopore and nanofluidic devices |
-
2014
- 2014-10-03 FR FR1459507A patent/FR3026890B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-10-01 EP EP15771624.2A patent/EP3201120A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-10-01 WO PCT/EP2015/072735 patent/WO2016050932A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-01 US US15/514,993 patent/US20170241032A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2016050932A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016050932A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 |
| US20170241032A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
| FR3026890A1 (fr) | 2016-04-08 |
| FR3026890B1 (fr) | 2017-12-22 |
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