Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
  • C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
  • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
  • B03B5/48—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by mechanical classifiers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
  • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
  • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
  • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
  • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
  • C22B7/006—Wet processes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the treatment of articles comprising plastic materials and various metals, including so-called electronic waste, for the recovery of materials comprising the latter, and in particular the metals used in the manufacture of such waste.
• This waste may include electronic cards, memory cards, smart cards, and other article circuits with discrete or integrated electronic components.
• This electronic waste essentially comprises two families of materials, namely on the one hand polymeric materials, and on the other hand metals, some precious and some less, and in particular (but not exhaustively) silver, copper, iron, lead, tin, gold, silver, aluminum, tantalum, palladium, and rare earths (lanthanides).
• the quantity of each of the metals to be recovered is relatively small compared with the total weight or the total volume of this waste;
• Such a method is used particularly for recovering copper, nickel or zinc.
• the hydrometallurgical process is used in particular for aluminum, zinc and copper, but also for nickel, chromium and manganese.
• the present invention aims to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art and to propose a process which makes it possible to recover individually different metals included in the so-called electronic waste composition, with a satisfactory degree of purity, while not requiring neither heat input nor reagents, and not causing undesirable releases. It is based on the discovery that by fragmenting this waste with certain particle size characteristics, allowing the individual components of the waste to be individualized, and by conveying these fragments in a liquid medium throughout the separation process, it was possible to apply highly effective mechanical separation treatments, without the use of reagents, without undesirable releases and with limited energy consumption.
• a method for treating electronic waste with a view to the individualized recovery of metals included in such waste is thus proposed, characterized in that it comprises the following succession of steps:
• the average size of the metal particles after the milling step is between about 10 and 100 pm, more preferably between 20 and 50 pm.
• the metal particles after grinding have a D80 value distribution between about 25 and 60 microns.
• the gravitational separation step is carried out by hydrocycloning.
• the proportion of solid in the slurry is between about 5 and 30% by weight, preferably between about 8% and 15% by weight.
• the liquid is water, the suspension also containing a wetting agent.
• the wetting agent is nonionic.
• the density separation step is implemented by one or more machines of separation selected from a group comprising gravity centrifugal separators, densimetric tables, the separators of the flotation type, the spiral concentrators and multigravitaires separators drum.
• the method comprises a separation assembly machines connected in cascade and adjusted in different density ranges.
• the method comprises, before the densimetric separation step, a magnetic separation step.
• the method further comprises a final conditioning step comprising removal of the liquid and a tableting separate metals.
• FIGURE is a schematic diagram. block of the different steps of the method of the invention.
• the method comprises the following steps.
• This step comprises grinding the electronic waste (whole cards, smart card, etc.) until a powder of particles of average size preferably between 10 and 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably between about 20 of 50 pm; this grinding can be carried out in one or more steps depending on the nature of the waste and their expected composition with possible return to grinding too coarse particles from a downstream granulometric sorting.
• the particle size referred to herein is that of metals, the grinding being able to give rise to coarser non-metallic (in particular plastic, more malleable) particle sizes without compromising the efficiency of the process.
• the grinding is carried out under conditions such that the average size of the metal particles after the grinding step is as defined above and that the size distribution of the metal particles has a distribution value D80 of between about 25 and 60 pm. It will be recalled here that a distribution value D80 is the particle size for which 80% of the particles have a size less than this value.
• the type of grinding is chosen so as to give an average size of metal particles smaller than the average size of the non-metallic particles. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to make the separation of metals / nonmetals less tedious and, on the other hand, to improve the performance of the separation of the metals between them.
• Attrition milling makes it possible to achieve this result.
• Step 2 suspension in aqueous suspension
• the particles micronized in step 1 are introduced into an aqueous medium, preferably water, in a proportion of about 8 to 15% by weight of solids; this suspension can be carried out by stirring in a tank; if necessary, a wetting agent such as a surfactant, preferably nonionic and non-foaming, is incorporated in the aqueous medium to facilitate suspension.
• a wetting agent such as a surfactant, preferably nonionic and non-foaming
• This liquid medium remains the vehicle of the micronized particles during all subsequent steps, and will be eliminated at the end of separation as will be seen later.
• Step 3 Metal / non-metal separation
• This step is preferably carried out with a hydrocyclonic separation device which makes it possible to separate, on the one hand, the particles of the highest densities (typically all the metals), and on the other hand the particles of densities the lower, typically polymers and other non-metallic particles; in a manner known per se, the densest particles are projected against the conical wall of the hydrocyclone and are discharged from the hydrocyclone by its lower opening ("underflow” in English terminology), while the lighter particles back by the ascending secondary vortex and form a flow called "overflow" opening into an upper opening.
• a hydrocyclonic separation device which makes it possible to separate, on the one hand, the particles of the highest densities (typically all the metals), and on the other hand the particles of densities the lower, typically polymers and other non-metallic particles; in a manner known per se, the densest particles are projected against the conical wall of the hydrocyclone and are discharged from the hydrocyclone by its lower opening ("underflow” in English terminology), while the lighter particles
• hydrocyclone manufactured by Salter Cyclones Ltd., Cheltenham, United Kingdom, FLSmidth & Krebbs, is used. Valby, Denmark, Neyrtec Minerai, Lorient, France, and Multotec, Africa.
• the densest particles from hydrocycloning consisting essentially of metal particles suspended in the liquid flow, are subjected to magnetic separation to isolate magnetic metals, typically ferrous metals, from other metals.
• this step is optional.
• the ferrite-type materials can also possibly be recovered by the downstream densimetric separation step as will now be described.
• Particles consisting essentially of metals of different densities are then subjected to a step densimetric separation system for isolating metals of different densities from one another;
• the separation means may be chosen from centrifugal gravimetric separators, densimetric tables, and flotation type separators or spiral concentrators; depending on the nature of the waste, the number of metals to be separated and the type of separator, the separation means can be arranged in different ways; advantageously, gravity concentrators such as those from the Falcon range marketed by the company Sepro, Langley, Canada, or those (Knelson concentrators) marketed by FLSMidth & Krebbs, Valby, Denmark, or even preferentially multi-gravity drum separators by Salter Cyclones Ltd., Cheltenham, United Kingdom.
• the flow of the liquid medium transporting the particles to be separated in cascade is passed through a succession of separation devices, each device delivering a metal having a certain density; depending on the type of separator, it is possible to proceed with increasing densities or decreasing densities (decreasing densities with the Salter multigrain separators).
• iteration is carried out at each separation to increase the concentration and thus achieve the degree of purity desired for each metal.
• a hydrocycloning separation of the same type as that used to separate the plastics may be implemented to separate the less dense metals, and in particular aluminum.
• the different metals separated in the previous step still in the form of particles in a liquid vehicle, are freed from the liquid, typically by filtration and drying, and then subjected to treatments conditioning, such as compacting pellets, for each of the recovered metals.
• an upstream characterization of the waste to be treated can be carried out, by any known analysis method, in order possibly to adjust the process steps, and in particular the parameters of the hydrocycloning and the densimetric separation.
• a final characterization of the recovered metals can also be performed to estimate their degree of purity and to identify possible secondary metals still present, and to detect possible separation defects in the process.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-09-15 FR FR1458646A patent/FR3025806B1/fr active Active
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