EP3176746A1 - Vorrichtungsverwaltungseinrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtungsverwaltungseinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3176746A1
EP3176746A1 EP15826423.4A EP15826423A EP3176746A1 EP 3176746 A1 EP3176746 A1 EP 3176746A1 EP 15826423 A EP15826423 A EP 15826423A EP 3176746 A1 EP3176746 A1 EP 3176746A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
time slot
unit
equipment
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP15826423.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3176746A4 (de
Inventor
Nanae NIIKURA
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daikin Industries Ltd filed Critical Daikin Industries Ltd
Publication of EP3176746A1 publication Critical patent/EP3176746A1/de
Publication of EP3176746A4 publication Critical patent/EP3176746A4/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
    • G05B13/026—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system using a predictor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an equipment management apparatus, and particularly relates to a equipment management apparatus for managing at least one equipment unit that is supplied with electric energy or another type of energy and that consume energy.
  • a balancing market (a power transaction market that starts prior to the actual supply and demand) is established by the "transmission system operator," and not only a monetary value relating to the amount of energy when energy consumption is actually reduced for the sake of balancing, but a monetary value relating to the energy control capacity (reserve power) by which reductions are controlled in accordance with requests from the "transmission system operator" are created.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2013-230051
  • power consumption in the case of no power reduction (baseline) which is referred to in Patent Literature 1 as a negawatt reference value, needs to be properly estimated in order to pay out a value for reduced power or reserve power.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an equipment management apparatus that can be used in the energy transaction market, and that yields a highly reliable baseline.
  • An equipment management apparatus configured to manage at least one equipment unit that is supplied with energy and that consumes energy, the equipment management apparatus comprising: a result value storage unit configured to store result values of an amount of energy consumed in a first particular day by the at least one equipment unit, the result values being stored in association with time slots of the first particular day; an adjustment control implementation status storage unit configured to store adjustment control implementation status information indicating whether or not energy adjustment control, which is based on information pertaining to a request of the energy adjustment control and/or information pertaining to energy prices for the at least one equipment unit, has been performed in each of the time slots of the first particular day; and a hypothetical value computation unit configured to compute a hypothetical value of an amount of energy consumed by the at least one equipment unit as if the energy adjustment control had not been performed.
  • the hypothetical value computation unit use information pertaining to the result values of the first particular day, for either a time slot during which the energy adjustment control as specified by the adjustment control implementation status information stored in the adjustment control implementation status storage unit has been performed, or an adjustment control effect period determined from this time slot, during which period consideration should be given to the effect of the energy adjustment control.
  • the situation of the first particular day is more easily reflected in the hypothetical value of the first particular day, which is the same day, than when a result value of another day besides the first particular day is used.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to the first aspect, further comprising a baseline deciding unit configured to determine a baseline of a second particular day as if the energy adjustment control had not been performed.
  • the baseline deciding unit uses the result values of the at least one equipment unit stored in the result value storage unit and the hypothetical value of the at least one equipment unit computed by the hypothetical value computation unit.
  • a highly reliable baseline decision is made possible because the baseline is decided by the baseline deciding unit using a highly reliable hypothetical value computed by the hypothetical value computation unit.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to the second aspect, wherein the at least one equipment unit includes a first equipment unit, and in order to decide the baseline of the second particular day, the baseline deciding unit uses data of the first particular day including a hypothetical value of the first equipment unit for a time slot in which the energy adjustment control was performed and a result value of the first equipment unit was used for a time slot in which the energy adjustment control was not performed.
  • the equipment management apparatus because a hypothetical value is not used for a time slot in which the energy adjustment control was not performed in data of the first particular day used by the baseline deciding unit in order to decide a baseline, errors can be reduced when the equipment management apparatus is applied to a case in which the result value would not likely be affected by the energy adjustment control.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to the second or third aspect, wherein the at least one equipment unit includes a second equipment unit, and in order to decide the baseline of the second particular day, the baseline deciding unit uses a hypothetical value of the second equipment unit for a time slot in which the energy adjustment control was performed and also a time slot of a recovery period continuing from this time slot, and uses data of the first particular day for which the result value of the second equipment unit was used for a time slot in which the energy adjustment control was not performed, excluding the recovery period.
  • the equipment management apparatus because a hypothetical value is used even during the recovery period of the time slot in which the energy adjustment control was not performed in the data of the first particular day used by the baseline deciding unit in order to decide a baseline, errors can be reduced when the equipment management apparatus is applied to a case in which the result value would be affected by the energy adjustment control and would fluctuate during the recovery period.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to any of the first through fourth aspects, wherein the hypothetical value computation unit performs, as a hypothetical value computation using information pertaining to the result values of the first particular day, complementation using the result value of a time slot preceding a time slot during which the energy adjustment control was performed.
  • the hypothetical value of a time slot during which the energy adjustment control was performed in the first particular day is complemented by the result values of the first particular day before the energy adjustment control was performed, whereby a hypothetical value for the first particular day can be computed in a short time after the energy adjustment control through a simple process of complementation performed by the hypothetical value computation unit.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to any of the first through fifth aspects, wherein the hypothetical value computation unit performs, as a hypothetical value computation using information pertaining to the result values of the first particular day, complementation using the result value of a time slot following a time slot during which the energy adjustment control was performed.
  • the hypothetical value of a time slot during which the energy adjustment control was performed in the first particular day is complemented by the result values of the first particular day after the energy adjustment control was performed, whereby a hypothetical value for the first particular day can be computed in a short time after the energy adjustment control through a simple process of complementation performed by the hypothetical value computation unit.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to any of the first through sixth aspects, wherein the hypothetical value computation unit computes a hypothetical value by inputting a parameter of the first particular day into a regression formula prepared in advance.
  • An equipment management apparatus is the equipment management apparatus according to any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the hypothetical value computation unit performs, as a hypothetical value computation using information pertaining to the result values of the first particular day, an extraction in which a parameter of the first particular day is inputted and a past result value having a parameter similar to the parameter of the first particular day is extracted as a hypothetical value.
  • the equipment management apparatus due to a past result value having a parameter similar to the parameter of the first particular day being extracted as a hypothetical value, operating conditions and/or environment conditions of the equipment unit from the first particular day can be reflected in the hypothetical value by the parameter, and in cases such as when, for example, peculiar circumstances arise in the energy consumption of the equipment unit in the first particular day, errors in computation can be reduced by extracting a past result value different from that of the first particular day as a hypothetical value.
  • the equipment management apparatus when, for example, the equipment management apparatus is applied to a case in which a result value would not likely be affected by the energy adjustment control, the reliability of the baseline can be improved.
  • the equipment management apparatus when, for example, the equipment management apparatus is applied to a case in which a result value would be affected by the energy adjustment control and would fluctuate within the recovery period, the reliability of the baseline can be improved.
  • the equipment management apparatus because a past result value different from that of the first particular day can also be used, the increase in errors in the hypothetical value computation can be reduced when, for example, the result value of the first particular day is peculiar, and the reliability of hypothetical values can be improved.
  • An adjustment amount regarded as the result of energy adjustment control, is defined as the amount obtained by subtracting the actual consumed energy amount from a baseline.
  • the baseline used in this definition is the energy amount that the energy consumer either has actually consumed or is supposed to have consumed when the energy adjustment control is not performed.
  • the energy adjustment control is, e.g., demand response control.
  • the energy adjustment control is performed on the basis of a request for the energy adjustment control from the supplier of the energy adjustment control, and/or information pertaining to energy prices.
  • the energy adjustment control is performed on an equipment unit operated by an energy consumer.
  • the transfer of information pertaining to the request for the energy adjustment control is observed between an operator and a consumer who have implemented a contract of, e.g., a demand response contract system in which rewards and penalties are given to the consumer complying with requests from the supplier who is supplying power.
  • the transfer of information pertaining to energy prices is observed between an operator and a consumer who have implemented a contract of, e.g., a time-of-use rate system in which fees specific to time slots are set.
  • energy is sent from an energy supply operator 1 to facilities 3 of an energy consumer C1, a consumer C2, and a consumer C3, via an energy transmission/distribution operator 2, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the flow of energy from the energy supply operator 1 to the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 is represented by the arrow E1
  • the flow of energy from the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 to the consumer C1, the consumer C2, and the consumer C3 is represented respectively by the arrows E2, E3, and E4.
  • Equipment units 20 which consume the energy are equipped in the respective facilities 3 of the consumer C1, the consumer C2, and the consumer C3.
  • the energy supply operator 1 is, e.g., a power generation operator
  • the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 is, e.g., an electricity transmission system operator.
  • the energy adjustment control contracts include, e.g., those such as a contract AG1 implemented directly between the consumer C1 and the energy supply operator 1 and/or a contract AG2 implemented directly between the consumer C3 and the energy transmission/distribution operator 2, but also sometimes include a contract implemented indirectly with the energy supply operator 1 and/or the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 through an aggregator 4, such as is the case with the consumer C2, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the contracts AG3, AG4, and AG5 represent contractual relationships that can be implemented among the consumer C2, the aggregator 4, the energy supply operator 1, and the energy transmission/distribution operator 2. There could be one or more each of the energy supply operator 1, the energy transmission/distribution operator 2, and the aggregator 4 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a consumer C21, a consumer C22, and a consumer C23 directly make a contract for energy adjustment control with the main aggregator 4a, similar to the consumer C2 in FIG. 1 , but a consumer C41, a consumer C42, and a consumer C43 make a contract for energy adjustment control with the main aggregator 4a via the sub aggregator 4b.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a baseline BL and a result value RV for the consumer C2 on a certain particular day.
  • the baseline BL and the result value RV coincide until 13:00.
  • the consumer C2 performs energy adjustment control in the section from 13:00 to 15:00.
  • the result value RV falls below the baseline BL.
  • the consumer C2 stops energy adjustment control, and the result value RV therefore again coincides with the baseline BL for the most part from 15:00 onward.
  • the area of the section shown in diagonal lines in FIG 3 is the amount of energy consumed adjusted by the consumer C2 (energy consumption value ⁇ time), i.e., the adjustment amount for the consumer C2 on the particular day.
  • the section of the baseline BL shown by the dashed line, i.e., the value of the section from 13:00 to 15:00 is the projected value.
  • the method of calculating this projected value and the reward received by the consumer C2 on the basis of this adjustment amount are settled on the basis of the contract AG3 between the consumer C2 and the aggregator 4. Therefore, if a large projected value is calculated for the baseline BL in FIG.
  • the consumer C2 in that the consumer C2 will receive many rewards because a large adjustment amount is estimated, but it is disadvantageous for the aggregator 4 who needs to make a greater payout.
  • a small projected value is calculated for the baseline BL in FIG. 3 , it is advantageous for the aggregator 4 who needs to make a smaller payout because a small adjustment amount is estimated, but the reward for the consumer C2 is lessened, which is disadvantageous for the consumer C2.
  • the baseline BL projection is important for the enterprise of the aggregator 4. This type of calculation for the baseline BL needs to be accurate, simple, and straightforward.
  • This type of projection of the baseline BL is sometimes made on the basis of, e.g., the contract AG1 between the energy supply operator 1 and the energy user C1 in FIG. 1 , and is sometimes made on the basis of the contract AG2 between the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 and the consumer C3.
  • the method of calculating the projected value of the baseline BL, described hereinafter, and/or the equipment management apparatus incorporating such a calculation method can be applied in order to carry out the various contracts AG1 to AG5 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the time slot of energy adjustment control is derived in accordance with a request of at least one operator among the aggregator 4, the energy supply operator 1, and the energy transmission/distribution operator 2.
  • the consumer C1 has contracted only with the energy supply operator 1, but depending on the specifics, the consumer C1 could, e.g., implement an energy-rate-based contract (such as, e.g., a contract of a time-of-use rate system) with the energy supply operator 1, or the consumer C1 could implement an incentive-based contract (such as, e.g., a contract of a demand response contract system) with the aggregator 4.
  • an energy-rate-based contract such as, e.g., a contract of a time-of-use rate system
  • an incentive-based contract such as, e.g., a contract of a demand response contract system
  • FIG. 4 shows an energy management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • power is supplied from a power company 1a to the facility 3a of a property A and the facility 3b of a property B.
  • the facilities 3a, 3b of the properties A, B are, e.g., office buildings, tenant buildings, factories, common households, or other buildings in which at least one equipment unit is equipped.
  • the properties A, B are the subjects of contracts having the same specifics pertaining to demand response control.
  • the power company 1 a has a power management apparatus 10.
  • the property A has equipment units 20, a power source 6 for supplying power to the equipment units 20, a power meter 7 for measuring the amount of power supplied from the power source 6 to the equipment units 20, and an equipment management apparatus 30 for controlling the equipment units 20.
  • equipment units 20 in FIG. 3 including air conditioners 20a, lighting equipment 20b, and ventilation fans 20c.
  • Power is supplied from the power company 1a to the facilities 3a, 3b of the properties A, B, through a power source line 102a.
  • the equipment units 20 inside each property are supplied with power from the power source 6 via an indoor power source line 102b.
  • the power management apparatus 10 and the equipment management apparatuses 30 are connected through, e.g., the Internet 101a.
  • the equipment management apparatus 30 and the equipment units 20 in each property are connected through a designated control line 101b.
  • the types of equipment units 20 are not limited to the air conditioners 20a, the lighting equipment 20b, or the ventilation fans 20c.
  • the power management apparatus 10 and the equipment management apparatuses 30, which are included in the energy management system 100, are described below.
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic configuration of the power management apparatus 10.
  • the power management apparatus 10 comprises a communication unit 11, a display unit 12, an input unit 13, a storage unit 14, and a control unit 15.
  • the communication unit 11 is a network interface through which the power management apparatus 10 can be connected to the internet 101 a.
  • the display unit 12 is configured including a display.
  • the input unit 13 is configured including, e.g., operating buttons, a keyboard, and a mouse.
  • the storage unit 14 is configured including a hard disk. For each property, the storage unit 14 stores a combination of the amount by which and time during which energy can be reduced, this combination being transmitted from the equipment management apparatus 30 of the property A or B.
  • the control unit 15 is configured from a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM. By reading and executing programs stored in the storage unit 14 described above, the control unit 15 functions as a deciding unit 15a, a selection unit 15b, a demand response control transmission unit 15c, and a transmission request unit 15d, which are shown in FIG 5 .
  • the deciding unit 15a estimates the amount of power supply and the amount of demand, and when the deciding unit has judged that there is a possibility of the amount of demand exceeding the amount of supply after a predetermined time duration, the deciding unit makes a decision to request a suppression of the amount of energy consumed, such as the power and/or the amount of power, in the properties A, B. Accordingly, the deciding unit decides for how long and in what amount the power demand needs to be reduced for the entire energy management system 100.
  • the selection unit 15b selects a time slot and an amount of power reduction with which demand response control will be executed for each property, on the basis of the information stored in the storage unit 14 and the time and reduction amount decided by the deciding unit 15a.
  • the demand response control transmission unit 15c causes the request to perform demand response control, and the time slot and the amount of power reduction with which demand response control will be executed as decided by the selection unit 15b, to be outputted from the communication unit 11 to the properties A, B.
  • the case described in this example is one in which the amount of power reduction is transmitted with the request for demand response control, but if at least the request for demand response control and the time slot during which demand response control is implemented are communicated from the magnetic fluid 10 to the equipment management apparatus 30, the equipment management apparatus 30 can decide the baseline.
  • information pertaining to the time slot in which demand response control is implemented is essential for the equipment management apparatus 30 to decide the baseline, but the amount of power reduction being sent from the power company 1a is not an essential requirement for the equipment management apparatus 30 to decide the baseline, and either the amount of power reduction for performing demand response control may be settled in each property A, B individually, or the amount of power reduction may be settled in advance by contract.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration of an equipment management apparatus 30.
  • the equipment management apparatus 30 installed in the property A is described below, but the equipment management apparatus 30 installed in the property B is configured in the same manner.
  • Each equipment management apparatus 30 comprises a communication unit 31, an output unit 32, an input unit 33, a time management unit 34, a storage unit 35, and a control unit 36.
  • the communication unit 31 is a network interface through which the equipment management apparatus 30 can be connected to the internet 101a. Two-way communication between the equipment management apparatus 30 and the power management apparatus 10 is conducted by the communication unit 31 via the internet 101a.
  • the output unit 32 is configured including, e.g., a display. Images representing the operating states of the equipment units 20 are displayed on the output unit 32. The information displayed in the images of the output unit 32 pertains to, e.g., whether the equipment units 20 are on or off, the operating modes (e.g., cooling mode/heating mode etc. for the air conditioners 20a), the set temperatures, illumination, quantity of ventilation, working time, working rate, and operating capability when running. The current power consumption and other parameters are also displayed.
  • the operating modes e.g., cooling mode/heating mode etc. for the air conditioners 20a
  • the input unit 33 is configured including, e.g., operation buttons and a touch screen covering the display of the output unit 32.
  • the input unit 33 can be used to input start/stop signals for the equipment units 20, setting changes, operation mode changes, and other various commands for the equipment units 20.
  • the time management unit 34 has a clock that is substantially synchronized with the power management apparatus 10 of the power company 1a, and the time management unit performs time management on the various controls carried out by the equipment management apparatus 30.
  • the storage unit 35 is configured including a hard disk capable of storing information transmitted and received by, e.g., the communication unit 31, the output unit 32, and/or the input unit 33. Programs that can be read and executed by the control unit 36, described hereinafter, are stored in the storage unit 35.
  • the storage unit 35 has a power consumption storage unit 35a and a DR (demand response) control implementation status storage unit 35b.
  • the power consumption storage unit 35a stores a power amount for each time slot of each equipment unit 20. In other words, the power consumption storage unit 35a receives data pertaining to the power consumption amounts in all time slots from the power meter 7, and stores the received data.
  • the plurality of equipment units 20, i.e., the air conditioners 20a, the lighting equipment 20b, and the ventilation fans 20c are collectively managed by the equipment management apparatus 30, but the equipment management apparatus 30 can also be configured so as to manage the air conditioners 20a, the lighting equipment 20b, and the ventilation fans 20c individually.
  • power meters 7 would be provided respectively to the individually managed air conditioners 20a, lighting equipment 20b, and ventilation fans 20c.
  • the configuration would preferably be such that time-slot-specific power consumption amount, for the air conditioners 20a, the lighting equipment 20b, and the ventilation fans 20c, are individually transmitted from the plurality of power meters 7 to the equipment management apparatus 30.
  • the power consumption storage unit 35a stores a power consumption amount specific to each time slot, but if the power consumption amounts are split by time slot length, each power consumption amount will be the average power consumption of the respective time slot, which can therefore be regarded as storing the average power consumption of each time slot.
  • the power consumption storage unit 35a may also be configured so as to receive and store the varying power consumption from the power meter 7.
  • the DR control implementation status storage unit 35b (an example of the adjustment control implementation status storage unit) stores data pertaining to the implementation status for specifying whether or not DR control has been implemented (an example of the adjustment control implementation status information), for each time slot stored in the power consumption storage unit 35a.
  • This data pertaining to the implementation status may be, e.g., the time during which DR control has been implemented, or a flag indicating the implementation status, appended to each time slot.
  • FIG. 7(a) shows whether or not DR control has been implemented in each time slot of a past particular day used to decide the baseline for the current day. If the data pertaining to the status of DR control implementation stored in the DR control implementation status storage unit 35b is used, the equipment management apparatus 30 can perceive the specifics shown in FIG. 7(a) .
  • This type of data pertaining to the implementation status of DR control can be created by the storage unit 35 recording the implementation status of DR control performed by the equipment management apparatus 30.
  • the control unit 36 is configured from, e.g., a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM. By reading and executing programs stored in the storage unit 35 described above, the control unit 36 is able to exhibit the functions of a hypothetical power value computation unit 36a and a baseline deciding unit 36b, shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a uses the data pertaining to the implementation status of DR control, stored in the DR control implementation status storage unit 35b, to calculate a complementary value for the amount of power used by an equipment unit 20, for a time slot in which DR control was implemented.
  • the result value from 13:00 to 13:15 on one day prior is used as a past result value for deciding the baseline of the current day, as shown in FIG. 7(a) .
  • a complementary value, used for complementation in the time slot from 13:00 to 13:15 on one day prior, is calculated by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a.
  • the complementary value calculation performed by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • the baseline deciding unit 36b decides the baseline for the current day using the result value stored in the power consumption storage unit 35a and the complementary value calculated by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a.
  • a common prior-art calculation method can be used as the method for calculating the baseline. For example, an averaging method of calculating the baseline from an average value of data from multiple days within the same period of time in the past, a regression analysis method of estimating the load of the current day using many variables (past load patterns, the weather, the day of the week, etc.) that affect the load, an equivalent day employing method of finding a day that most resembles the current day from past data and employing this day as a baseline, and a weighted moving average method of calculating a baseline by increasing the weight of data close to the current day, are known from the prior art as methods for calculating baseline.
  • the baseline deciding unit 36b When deciding the baseline, the power consumption amount in the DR control time slot, complemented by the complementary value, is handled by the baseline deciding unit 36b in the same manner as the power consumption amount without DR control. Handling the power consumption amount in this manner makes it possible, when deciding baseline, to refer to data for 13:00 to 13:15 of one day prior without going as far back as four days prior, in the case shown in FIG. 7(a) . If it is necessary to refer to two or more days, it is also possible to refer to the complementary value of two days prior and/or the complementary value of three days prior.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a complements the data including the effect of DR control with a value that does not include the effect of DR control.
  • a specific example of the complementation method used by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a is described below.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a can specify the time slot in which DR control was implemented, using the data pertaining to the implementation status of DR control stored in the DR control implementation status storage unit 35b, but the complemented object is not limited to the time slot of DR control implementation, and the complemented object can be expanded to a longer time slot including the time slot of DR control implementation.
  • the manner in which to set the recovery period could be, e.g., to set the recovery period as a fixed period following the end of DR control, or to set the recovery period as a period lasting until the room temperature returns to a comfortable temperature following the end of DR control.
  • the comfortable temperature is, e.g., the temperature immediately before the start of DR control, the set temperature that has been set for the air conditioners 20a, or a specific set value, such as 28°C if the cooling operation is in effect.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a computes the complementary value using information pertaining to the result value of a particular day that includes the time slot complemented by the complementary value of the amount of power used by the equipment units 20.
  • the complemented object is the amount of power during not only the period in which DR control was implemented, but also during the period affected by DR control, which in this embodiment is the recovery period.
  • the power consumption amount of the time slot from 12:45 to 13:00 is set as power consumption amount for the time slot from 13:00 to 13:15, the time slot from 13:15 to 13:30, the time slot from 13:30 to 13:45, and the time slot from 13:45 to 14:00, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the aforementioned power consumption amount is also set as the power consumption amount for the time slot from 14:00 to 14:15, the time slot from 14:15 to 14:30, and the time slot from 14:30 to 14:45, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the complementary value is determined by averaging, e.g., the power consumption amount for the time slot of 12:45 to 13:00, which immediately precedes the time slot of DR control implementation in FIG. 8 .
  • the number of time slots averaged is set as appropriate, and two time slots of fifteen-minute intervals each are used in this embodiment, but three or more time slots may be used. In the case described here, the length of the time slots is fifteen minutes, but the time slots may be another length other than fifteen minutes.
  • the time slots may be shorter than fifteen minutes, such as, e.g., one minute or thirty seconds, or the time slots may be longer than fifteen minutes, such as, e.g., twenty or thirty minutes.
  • Another possible calculation method for determining the complementary value, other than using the average value is to have the complementary value be the minimum value of the power consumption amounts for a plurality of time slots immediately preceding the time slot of DR control implementation.
  • Another possible calculation method for determining the complementary value, other than using the average value is to have the complementary value be the maximum value of the power consumption amounts for a plurality of time slots immediately preceding the time slot of DR control implementation.
  • the complemented object, complemented by the complementary value calculated in this manner is the same as those of the cases described above.
  • the power consumption amount of a predetermined specific time period can also be used.
  • the power consumption amount X1 for, e.g., ten minutes from 12:50 to 13:00, which immediately precedes the time slot of DR control implementation may be used.
  • a value equal to 1.5 times the power consumption amount X1 (X1 ⁇ 1.5) is used as the respective power consumption amounts for the time slot from 13:00 to 13:15, the time slot from 13:15 to 13:30, the time slot from 13:30 to 13:45, and the time slot from 13:45 to 14:00.
  • the power consumption amount of the time period from, e.g., 11:00 to 12:00 can also be used.
  • possibilities include setting the time period excluding the time slot during which the special circumstances occur.
  • a method that uses, e.g., a minimum value, an average value, or a maximum value as the complementary value can be employed.
  • a following time slot that is unaffected by DR control implementation can also be used for substitution.
  • a time slot following DR control implementation there are cases in which the effects of DR control implementation cannot be ignored, in a period such as the recovery period shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the complementary value is calculated using the power consumption amount of the time slot following the recovery period. For example, in cases such as when the equipment units 20 include only the lighting equipment 20b, the fluctuation in the power consumption amount during the recovery period is considered small enough to be ignored.
  • the immediately following time slot can be used in the same manner as using the time slot preceding DR control implementation, without taking the recovery period into account.
  • the complementary value is determined by averaging, e.g., the power consumption amount for the time slot of 12:45 to 13:00, which immediately precedes the time slot of DR control implementation in FIG. 8 , and the power consumption amount for the immediately following time slot of 14:45 to 15:00.
  • the number of time slots averaged is set as appropriate, and three time slots of fifteen-minute intervals each are used in this embodiment, but, for example, the average may be taken from one preceding time slot and one following time slot, or the average may be taken from a combination of any desired number of preceding and following time slots.
  • the length of the time slots is fifteen minutes, but the time slots may be another length other than fifteen minutes.
  • Another possible calculation method for determining the complementary value, other than using the average value is to have the complementary value be the minimum value of the power consumption amounts for a plurality of time slots preceding and following the time slot of DR control implementation.
  • Another possible calculation method for determining the complementary value, other than using the average value is to have the complementary value be the maximum value of the power consumption amounts for a plurality of time slots preceding and following the time slot of DR control implementation.
  • the complemented object, complemented by the complementary value calculated in this manner is the same as those of the cases described above. Whether the effect of the recovery period may or may not be taken into accountis similar to the method of substitution with the following time slot unaffected by DR control implementation in (4-2-2) described above.
  • the complementary value of, e.g., the time slot from 13:00 to 13:15 is substituted by the power consumption amount of the time slot from 12:45 to 13:00.
  • the complementary value of the time slot from 13:15 to 13:30 and the complementary value from 13:30 to 13:45 are also substituted by the power consumption amount of the time slot from 12:45 to 13:00.
  • the complementary value of the time slot from 14:30 to 14:45 is substituted by the power consumption amount of the time slot from 14:45 to 15:00.
  • the complementary value of the time slot from 14:15 to 13:30and the complementary value from 14:00 to 14:15 are also substituted by the power consumption amount of the time slot from 14:45 to 15:00.
  • time slot from 14:30 to 14:45 is equally close to the time slot from 12:45 to 13:00 and the time slot from 14:45 to 15:00.
  • which preceding or following time slot to take the power consumption amount from is preferably decided in advance.
  • the complementary value can be computed analogously with respect to the concept described earlier similar.
  • the average value, minimum value, or maximum value is determined in a plurality of time slots preceding DR control implementation, and the determined value is used for the complementary value of the time slot of the first half of DR control implementation.
  • the average value, minimum value, or maximum value is determined in a plurality of time slots following DR control implementation, and the determined value is used for the complementary value of the time slot of the second half of DR control implementation.
  • the complementary value can be computed similar to the manner of thinking previously described.
  • the average value, minimum value, or maximum value is determined in a specific time slot preceding DR control implementation, and the determined value is used for the complementary value of the time slot of the first half of DR control implementation.
  • the average value, minimum value, or maximum value is determined in a specific time period following the time slot affected by DR control implementation, and the determined value is used for the complementary value of the time slot of the second half of DR control implementation.
  • a regression formula, used to project power consumption from operating conditions or environmental conditions, is prepared in advance from past operating conditions of the equipment units 20.
  • the prepared regression formula is stored in the storage unit 35 of the equipment management apparatus 30.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a of the control unit 36 substitutes the operating conditions or environmental conditions of the current day into the regression formula read from the storage unit 35, and calculates the power consumption of the equipment units 20 for the time slot in which DR control is implemented.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a uses the calculated power consumption to compute a complementary value for the time slot affected by DR control implementation.
  • the input parameters used in the regression formula are, e.g., the set temperature, the outside air temperature, and the number of operating indoor units of the air conditioners 20a.
  • the past operating information of the equipment units 20 is organized and stored in the storage unit 35 in advance.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a extracts, as a complementary value, the power consumption amount during operating conditions or environmental conditions equivalent to those of the particular day for which the complementary value is to be computed.
  • the power consumption amount during the most recent past operating conditions or environmental conditions is extracted as a complementary value.
  • the input parameters used in this extraction are, e.g., the set temperature, the outside air temperature, the operating time duration, and the number of operating indoor units of the air conditioners 20a.
  • the equipment management apparatus 30 receives a power supply and manages equipment units 20 that are consuming power.
  • the description dealt with electricity as the energy, but the energy dealt with may be something other than electricity; e.g., gas.
  • a complementary value (an example of the hypothetical value) of the power consumption amount (an example of the amount of energy consumed) of the equipment units 20, e.g., the power consumption amount of the time slot from 13:00 to 13:15 on one day prior (an example of the first particular day) shown in FIG. 7(a) is affected by DR control as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , and is therefore complemented by, e.g., the power consumption amount of the time slot from 12:45 to 13:00 on one day prior.
  • the complementary value of one day prior is replaced by the result value of one day prior (an example of computation in which information pertaining to the result value of the first particular day is used)
  • the situation of one day prior which is the same day, is more easily reflected in the complementary value of 13:00 to 13:15 of one day prior, than in a case of using a result value of another past day besides one day prior.
  • highly reliable baseline can be provided.
  • the baseline deciding unit 36b uses the result value of the equipment units 20 stored in the power consumption storage unit 35a (an example of the result value storage unit) and the complementary value of the equipment units 20 computed by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a to decide the baseline (an example of the baseline) for the current day (an example of the second particular day) when demand response control (an example of energy adjustment control) had not been performed.
  • the baseline an example of the baseline
  • demand response control an example of energy adjustment control
  • the baseline deciding unit 36b would use a hypothetical value of the equipment units 20 for the power consumption amount of the time slot from 13:00 to 14:00 during which DR control was performed, and would use the result value of the equipment units 20 for the power consumption amount of the time slot from 14:00 to 14:45 during which DR control was not performed, in order to decide the baseline of the current day (an example of the second particular day). For example, if the equipment units 20 are only lighting equipment 20b, there are almost no power rebounds or other fluctuations during the recovery period in FIG. 8 , and errors can therefore be reduced when the result value is applied in this manner to a case of the power consumption amount being unlikely affected by DR control. As a result, the reliability of the baseline can be improved.
  • the baseline deciding unit 36b would use a complementary value of the equipment units 20 for the power consumption amount of the time slot from 13:00 to 14:00 during which DR control was performed, and would use a complementary value also for the power consumption amount of the time slot from 14:00 to 14:45 in the recovery period during which DR control was not performed, in order to decide the baseline of the current day (an example of the second particular day).
  • the equipment units 20 are greatly affected by the air conditioners 20a, the power rebounds or other fluctuations are large during the recovery period in FIG. 9 , and errors can therefore be reduced when the result value is applied to a case of the power consumption amount being affected by DR control and fluctuating in the recovery period. As a result, the reliability of the baseline can be improved.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a may perform complementation using, e.g., a result value of a time slot up to 13:00 prior to the time slot of 13:00 to 14:00 during which DR control was performed, as was described using FIGS. 8 and 9 . Due to this manner of complementation with a result value of the same day prior to DR control being performed, it is possible for the complementary value of the same day to be computed in a short time after DR control by a simple process of complementation performed by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a. As a result, a complementary value unaffected by DR control can be obtained in a simple manner without referring back to a past day.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a may perform complementation using, e.g., a result value of a time slot from 14:00 onward following the time slot of 13:00 to 14:00 during which DR control was performed, as was described using FIGS. 8 and 9 . Due to this manner of complementation with a result value of the same day after DR control is performed, it is possible for the complementary value of the same day to be computed in a short time after DR control by a simple process of complementation performed by the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a. As a result, a complementary value unaffected by DR control can be obtained in a simple manner without referring back to a past day.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a may input a parameter (an example of information pertaining to the result value) of a day containing the time slot to be complemented (an example of the first particular day) into a regression formula to calculate a complementary value, as was described using FIGS. 8 and 9 . If a regression formula is used in this manner, the operating conditions, environmental conditions, and other factors for the equipment units 20 on the day containing the time slot to be complemented are reflected in the complementary value by the parameter, and errors in the complementary value computation caused by changing operating conditions or environmental conditions can be reduced. As a result, the reliability of the complementary value is improved.
  • the hypothetical power value computation unit 36a may input a parameter (an example of information pertaining to the result value) of a day containing the time slot to be complemented (an example of the first particular day) to perform an extraction in which the complementary value is a past result value having a parameter similar to the parameter of the same day, as was described using FIGS. 8 and 9 .
  • the operating conditions, environmental conditions, and other factors for the equipment units 20 on the day containing the time slot to be complemented are reflected in the complementary value by the parameter, and in cases such as when, e.g., peculiar circumstances arise in the power consumption amount of the equipment units 20 on that day, computational errors can be reduced by using a past result value of a different day as the complementary value. As a result, the number of errors in the computation of the complementary value can be reduced, and the reliability of the complementary value can be improved.
  • an equipment management apparatus 30 that receives DR control requests from a power company 1a was described, but the equipment management apparatus 30 according to the present invention can also be applied to a case in which DR control requests and/or information pertaining to energy prices are received from the energy transmission/distribution operator 2 and/or the aggregator 4.
  • the equipment units 20 include a plurality of various equipment units; namely, the air conditioners 20a, the lighting equipment 20b, and the ventilation fans 20c, but one equipment unit is also possible, and another possibility is for there to be a plurality of one type of device.
  • regressive analysis for finding a complementary value, or extraction of a past result value having a similar parameter need not be performed solely on the same item; different items of the same type may be used.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2013-230051

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