EP3157032B1 - Appareil de commutation avec extinction d'arc par aimant permanent - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation avec extinction d'arc par aimant permanent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3157032B1
EP3157032B1 EP16200162.2A EP16200162A EP3157032B1 EP 3157032 B1 EP3157032 B1 EP 3157032B1 EP 16200162 A EP16200162 A EP 16200162A EP 3157032 B1 EP3157032 B1 EP 3157032B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
blow
contact
magnetic field
contact point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16200162.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3157032A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Kralik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3157032A1 publication Critical patent/EP3157032A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a generic switching device has, inter alia, at least one contact point and an arc blowing device assigned to the contact point.
  • the arc blowing device comprises at least one blow magnet for generating a magnetic blow field.
  • the blowing field is designed in such a way that a switching arc that arises when the contact point is opened is blown out of the contact point.
  • Such a switching device is off, for example EP 2230678 A2 known. It is an arc-resistant contactor, whose arc blowing device includes both permanent magnets and electrically operated blow coils.
  • the use of blow coils to generate a magnetic blow field usually means that the switching device is relatively heavy, large and also expensive to manufacture.
  • the blowing effect on the arc is dependent on the current intensity, which leads to critical current ranges. Activating the blow coils at the moment of switching requires additional effort.
  • the blowing field has a first magnetic field area and a second magnetic field area arranged next to the first magnetic field area, wherein magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field area are oriented opposite to magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field area, and wherein the blowing field also has a transition area which connects the first magnetic field area and the second magnetic field area to one another, the alignment of the magnetic field lines in the transition area, starting from the first magnetic field area and the second magnetic field area, converging towards the contact point, so that the switching arc within the transition area either depends on the current direction starting from the contact point is directed into the first magnetic field region or into the second magnetic field region and is blown away in the same direction from the contact point in both cases.
  • a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is, for example, from US 2012/0145675 A1 known.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a switching device of the generic type which, regardless of the direction of the current, ensures reliable extinguishing of the switching arc and has a simple and inexpensive construction.
  • the solution according to the invention offers the advantage that the switching arc is always blown out of the housing of the switching device in the same direction, regardless of the direction of current, so that only one arc quenching device is required to extinguish the switching arc.
  • the magnetic blowing field can be generated purely by permanent magnet, so that the use of heavy and expensive blow coils can be completely dispensed with.
  • the switching device according to the invention is thereby very compact.
  • the switching arc arises in the middle of the transition area of the blowing field and is therefore directed either into the first magnetic field area or into the second magnetic field area depending on the current direction.
  • the magnetic field lines are preferably fanned out over an angle of 180 ° in the transition region. A particularly simple construction results if the second magnetic field region is mirror-image of the first magnetic field region.
  • a first channel is assigned to the first magnetic field region and a second channel is assigned to the second magnetic field region, the first channel and second channel running parallel and being arranged next to one another, and the first channel being transverse to its longitudinal extension from the magnetic field lines of the first Magnetic field area, and the second channel is traversed by the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field area transverse to its longitudinal extent.
  • the switching arc can be safely and reliably led away from the contact point.
  • the switching device also has an arc extinguishing device which is arranged such that the switching arc is blown into the arc extinguishing device by the arc blowing device, regardless of the current direction.
  • an arc extinguishing device which is arranged such that the switching arc is blown into the arc extinguishing device by the arc blowing device, regardless of the current direction.
  • the arc blowing device further has a first side pole plate, a second side pole plate and a middle pole plate arranged between them, the first magnetic field region between the first side pole plate and the middle pole plate, and the second magnetic field region between the second side pole plate and the middle pole plate.
  • the blowing field can be generated precisely and easily.
  • the magnetic field lines run essentially perpendicular to the pole plates.
  • the channels mentioned above each run between a side pole plate and the middle pole plate.
  • the pole plates preferably form the side walls of the channels.
  • At least one first blow magnet is assigned to the first side pole plate, and at least one second blow magnet is assigned to the second side pole plate, the first blow magnet and second blow magnet having opposite poles.
  • the first blow magnet and the second blow magnet are each preferably arranged between a lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate.
  • the first blowing magnet is preferably in direct contact with the first side pole plate
  • the second blowing magnet is preferably in direct contact with the second side pole plate.
  • the middle pole plate at a first end facing the contact point is shorter than the two side pole plates. This results in a particularly advantageous fanning out of the magnetic field lines in the transition region. It is particularly advantageous if the two side pole plates extend laterally next to the contact point, so that the contact point is between a first end of the first side pole plate and a first end of the second side pole plate. In this way it is ensured that the switching arc is reliably conducted either into the first magnetic field region or into the second magnetic field region depending on the direction of the current.
  • the central pole plate is also shorter at a second end opposite its first end than the two lateral pole plates, as a result of which the switching arc is guided back into the center before entering the arc quenching device, so to speak in the plane of symmetry of the middle pole plate.
  • the arc extinguishing device can be made particularly compact.
  • the contact point comprises a fixed contact and a movable contact
  • the fixed contact being assigned a first arcing baffle and a second arcing baffle
  • the first arcing baffle and the second arcing baffle each extending between the contact point and the arc quenching device and conducting with it are connected to the fixed contact
  • the movable contact being assigned a third arc baffle and a fourth arc baffle
  • the third arc baffle and the fourth arc baffle also each extending between the contact point and the arc extinguishing device
  • the third arc baffle and the fourth arc baffle each being from the movable contact are spaced apart
  • the first arc guide plate and the third arc guide plate are a first P assigned to the first magnetic field region aar of arc baffles and the second arc baffle and the fourth arc baffle form a second pair of arc baffles associated with the second magnetic field region, and the arc baffles of the first
  • the extinction of the switching arc is considerably simplified by its extension.
  • the third and fourth arc baffles are not connected to the movable contact. They can therefore be easily attached to a fixed component of the switching device. As a result, the mass that is connected to the movable contact and must therefore be accelerated when the contact point is closed or opened remains very small.
  • the drive of the movable contact can be dimensioned accordingly small. So that the switching arc can jump from the movable contact to the third or fourth arc guide plate, it is advantageous if there is only a small gap between the third or fourth arc guide plate and the movable contact.
  • the first and the second arc baffle are preferably firmly connected to the fixed contact and more preferably made in one piece with the fixed contact. In this way, only a few components have to be manufactured and installed. The construction of the switching device remains simple and inexpensive.
  • the switching device has a first contact point and a second contact point, the movable contacts of the first and second contact points being arranged on a common contact bridge, and the third arcing baffle and the fourth arcing baffle at the first contact point are electrically connected to the third arc guide plate and the fourth arc guide plate at the second contact point.
  • the third arc guide plate at the first contact point is electrically conductively connected to the third or fourth arc guide plate at the second contact point
  • the fourth arc guide plate at the first contact point via a second electrically conductive connection the other third or fourth arc baffle are electrically conductively connected at the second contact point, wherein there is a third electrically conductive connection between the first electrically conductive connection and the second electrically conductive connection, and wherein a diode is preferably provided in the third electrically conductive connection, that only allows one direction of current.
  • the switching device according to the invention is not only suitable for DC operation but also for AC operation. Even if an AC voltage is applied to the switching device, the switching arc is reliably extinguished.
  • the switching arc occurs at the first contact point, for example during a positive half-wave, it is conducted with appropriate polarity into the first magnetic field area, the current flowing through the switching arc at the first contact point, the diode and the switching arc at the second contact point. After the positive half-wave has ended, no more current can flow because the diode prevents current flow in the opposite direction. Reconsolidation occurs and the switching arc breaks down.
  • the third electrically conductive connection can be carried out anywhere between the first and second electrically conductive connection. For example, it is possible to provide the third electrically conductive connection between the third and fourth arc guide plates at the first contact point. The design effort is particularly low if the third and fourth arc guide plates are connected to one another in parallel at the first and second contact points.
  • the third arc guide plate at the first contact point is electrically conductively connected to the opposite third arc guide plate at the second contact point
  • the fourth arc guide plate at the first contact point is electrically conductively connected to the opposite fourth arc guide plate at the second contact point.
  • the third and fourth arc baffles can, if the polarity of the magnetic blowing field is changed accordingly, be connected to one another in a crosswise manner, but also crosswise.
  • the switching device has a first contact point and an adjacent second contact point, the middle pole plate at the first contact point and the middle pole plate at the second contact point having different poles. This optimizes the blowing fields at the two contact points.
  • the middle pole plate at the first contact point is preferably aligned with the middle pole plate of the second contact point.
  • the blow magnet or blow magnets are exclusively permanent magnets.
  • the switching device according to the invention is particularly simple in construction and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the compact design can be further optimized if the permanent magnets are rare earth magnets.
  • the switching device has a first contact point and a second contact point, the first contact point being assigned a first arc blowing device and the second contact point being assigned a second arc blowing device, the first contact point having a first fixed contact and a first movable contact wherein the second contact point has a second fixed contact and a second movable contact, the first movable contact and the second movable contact being arranged at opposite ends of a common contact bridge, the first fixed contact is assigned at least one first arcing baffle and the second fixed contact is assigned at least one second arcing baffle, the first arcing baffle and the second arcing baffle extending between the respective fixed contact and the arc quenching device and being conductively connected to the respective fixed contact, a third arcing baffle and a fourth arc baffle are provided, the third arc baffle and the fourth arc baffle each extending in an arc from the first movable contact to the second movable contact, so that
  • This embodiment has a particularly simple structure and can therefore be manufactured inexpensively. At the same time, this embodiment results in a particularly high extinguishing potential, both in direct current operation and in alternating current operation.
  • the first arc blowing device and the second arc blowing device are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another.
  • the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the first arc blowing device therefore corresponds to the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the second arc blowing device.
  • the ends of the third and fourth arc guide plates are each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge, so that the contact bridge can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc guide plates.
  • a base point of the arc jumps from the contact bridge to the third or fourth arc guide plate when the arc is blown out of the contact point.
  • a particularly advantageous construction results if the contact bridge is arranged over the fixed contacts.
  • the first arc guide plate and the second arc guide plate are preferably arranged below the respective central pole plate and each extend in width both over the first channel and over the parallel second channel of the associated arc blowing device. They preferably connect the fixed contact to the associated connection contact.
  • the corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded in order to increase the service life.
  • the first blow magnet of the first arc blow device and the first blow magnet of the second arc blow device disposed within the loop formed by the third arc baffle and the contact bridge, the second blow magnet of the first arc blower and the second blow magnet of the second arc blower disposed within the loop formed by the fourth arc baffle and the contact bridge.
  • the blow magnets are shielded from the arc in a simple manner.
  • a protective covering of the blow magnets made of ceramic or the like is not necessary.
  • the middle pole plates of the first and second arc blowing device are encased in an electrically insulating manner.
  • the casing can be made of a suitable plastic or ceramic.
  • the arc extinguishing device has a first arc extinguishing device and a second arc extinguishing device, the first and second arc extinguishing devices being arranged on opposite sides of a housing of the switching device in such a way that the first channel and second channel of the first arc blowing device open into the first arc extinguishing device, the first and second channels of the second arc blowing device opening into the second arc extinguishing device.
  • a third arc extinguishing device is also particularly preferably arranged on an upper side of the housing connecting the two opposite sides of the housing, in such a way that the first and second channels of the first and second arc blowing devices also open into the third arc extinguishing device.
  • Parts of the housing that lie between the arc extinguishing device can be protected from the arc by suitable copper plates if necessary.
  • the arc extinguishing device possibly together with the two arc blowing devices, can be removed completely from the housing of the switching device for maintenance purposes, in order to allow unimpeded access to the fixed contacts and to the contact bridge in a simple manner.
  • the drive of the switching device is advantageously located below the two fixed contacts.
  • the arc extinguishing devices each have a plurality of quenching elements which are stacked on top of one another.
  • the extinguishing elements can be made of ceramic.
  • the extinguishing elements have at the end that the Contact point or facing the third and fourth arc guide plate, each have at least two wedge-shaped flanks, the wedge-shaped flanks of each extinguishing element with the wedge-shaped flanks of the subsequent quenching element to form two V-shaped grooves, which are each assigned to one of the two channels, complete.
  • the arc is blown into one of the two V-shaped grooves either through the first channel or through the second channel of the respective arc blowing device.
  • the arc extinguishing devices each have a plurality of openings to the outside so that the plasma which is generated by the switching arc can escape from the housing of the switching device.
  • the openings are preferably formed by corresponding grooves in the extinguishing elements.
  • the switching capacity can be increased further if, according to a further preferred embodiment, the contact bridge is arranged on a contact carrier made of electrically insulating material, the contact carrier between the first contact point and the second contact point extending over the clear width of the housing of the switching device.
  • the contact carrier is particularly preferably immersed on both sides in corresponding grooves in the housing, so that a barrier in the manner of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma which is formed by the arc.
  • a bellows can also be arranged below the contact carrier in order to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the plasma generated by the arc when the arc flashes onto the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device if correspondingly high loads are switched.
  • the switching device is very particularly preferably a contactor.
  • Figure 1 shows an oblique view of a switching device 1 according to the invention.
  • the switching device is a single-pole contactor.
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional plan view. The section runs through the axes of the in Figure 1 shown components 2.1 and 2.2.
  • the contactor 1 has two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2, each of which is electrically connected to an associated connection contact 8.1, 8.2.
  • the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 can be electrically connected to one another by means of a contact bridge 10.
  • the contact bridge 10 is actuated by the armature of an electromagnetic drive 19 and has two movable contacts 9.1, 9.2. When the contacts close, the first movable contact 9.1 comes into contact with the first fixed contact 7.1.
  • the second movable contact 9.2 contacts the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • the housing of the contactor 1 is not shown. In the illustration, only the chassis 20 of the switching device is shown, to which the electromagnetic drive is attached.
  • the switching device has an arc blowing device for each of the two contact points in order to blow the switching arc away from the contact point.
  • Each of the two arc blowing devices is assigned an arc extinguishing device 5.1 or 5.2.
  • the arc extinguishers are in Figure 2 shown schematically and can have several quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements in a well-known manner.
  • the structure of the arc blowing device is first explained for the first contact point, consisting of the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1.
  • the blowing field which is generated by the arc blowing device, is generated exclusively permanently magnetically in the switching device according to the invention. No electrically operated blow coils are required.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are used.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are each arranged between the first contact point and the arc extinguishing device 5.1, which is assigned to the first contact points.
  • the first permanent magnet 2.1 is in direct contact with a first side pole plate 6.1, which is arranged on a side wall of the switch housing, not shown.
  • the second permanent magnet 2.2 is also in direct contact with a second side pole plate 6.2, which is arranged on the opposite side of the housing and in Figure 1 is not shown for reasons of clarity. Between the two side pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 there is a middle pole plate 6.3 which runs parallel to the two side pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and in Figure 1 is also not shown. A magnetic yoke is arranged between the two permanent magnets and the middle pole plate 6.3. Both the yoke and the permanent magnets are cylindrical. In Figure 2 it can be seen that both components are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 21.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are polarized in opposite directions.
  • the south pole is located on the outside of the first pole plate 6.1 and on the second pole plate 6.2.
  • the common north pole is located on the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the opposite polarity has the effect that the magnetic field which is built up between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 (right) and the middle pole plate 6.3 is oriented exactly opposite to the magnetic field which is built up between the first pole plate 6.1 (left) and the middle pole plate 6.3 becomes. This fact can also be seen from the magnetic field lines 23, which are shown in FIG Figure 2 are drawn.
  • the pole plates define two channels between them, both of which open out from the first contact point in the arc extinguishing device 5.1.
  • the two channels are each penetrated transversely to their longitudinal extent by one of the two oppositely polarized magnetic fields. How from Figure 2 it becomes clear that the two side pole plates 6.1, 6.2 extend laterally next to the contact point, the middle pole plate 6.3 being somewhat shorter and ending in front of the contact point. This results in a transition region of the magnetic blowing field at the contact point.
  • the magnetic field lines run perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of the two magnetic fields in the channels 4.1 and 4.2. In the transition area, the magnetic field lines are spread out over an angle of 180 °. The direction of the magnetic field in channel 4.1 is thereby reversed in the transition area until it finally corresponds to the direction of the magnetic field in channel 4.2.
  • a switching arc 3.1 arises when the contacts open at the first contact point, which is caused by the magnetic blowing field in Figure 2 is first deflected to the right and then enters the channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the direction of movement of the switching arc 3.1 is illustrated by the arrow 24 in this case.
  • the switching arc is first deflected to the left in the opposite direction. It then enters the left channel 4.1 between the first side pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3 along the path illustrated by the arrow 25.
  • the switching arc is then driven by the magnetic blowing field into the arc quenching device 5.1.
  • the middle pole plate 6.3 is also somewhat shorter at the opposite end, which faces the arc quenching device 5.1, than the two side pole plates 6.1, 6.2.
  • the magnetic blowing field also has a transition region shortly before the arc extinguishing device 5.1, which leads the switching arc into the center of the arc extinguishing device 5.1.
  • the arc extinguishing device 5.1 can be kept compact.
  • an arc blowing device is also provided, which is constructed essentially identically to the arc blowing device at the first contact point.
  • the only essential difference is that the two permanent magnets 2.1, 2.2 are oriented in reverse.
  • the middle pole plate 6.3 thus marks the south pole at the second contact point.
  • the two side pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 each form the north pole of the magnetic field.
  • the switching arc 3.2 which arises at the second contact point is thus initially deflected to the left and then enters the channel between the left-hand side pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3 a. With the voltage reversed, the switching arc 3.2 at the second contact point is turned to the right deflected and therefore enters the channel between the right side pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen that several so-called arc baffles are provided in order to guide the switching arc on the one hand and to extend it on the other hand on the way into the arc extinguishing devices.
  • the arrangement of the arc guide plates is first explained again below for the first contact point.
  • the first fixed contact 7.1 has a first arc guide plate 11.1 and a second arc guide plate 12.1.
  • the opposite first movable contact 9.1 is also assigned two arcing baffles, namely a third arcing baffle 13.1 and a fourth arcing baffle 14.1.
  • the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 are not connected to the movable contact 9.1 or to the contact bridge 10, but rather are permanently installed in the switching device.
  • the first arc guide plate 11.1 forms an arc guide plate pair which is assigned to the first channel 4.1 between the first lateral pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the second arc guide plate 12.1, together with the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, likewise forms a pair of arc guide plates, which is assigned to the second channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the two arc guide plates of a pair of arc guide plates diverge from the contact point in order to stretch the switching arc on the way into the arc extinguishing device.
  • Corresponding arc baffles are also provided at the second contact point, the third and fourth arc baffles 13.1, 14.1 at the first contact point each being electrically connected to the corresponding third and fourth arc baffles 13.2, 14.2 at the second contact point.
  • the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 at the first contact point is electrically connected to the fourth arc guide plate 14.2 at the second contact point via an electrical connection 16.
  • the diode is only required if the contactor is used in AC applications.
  • the second fixed contact 7.2 is connected to the two arc guide plates 11.2 and 12.2.
  • the arc guide plate 11.2 forms the first arc guide plate at the second contact point.
  • the arc guide plate 12.2 forms the second arc guide plate.
  • the switching arc 3.1 which arises at the first contact point enters the second channel 4.2 between the second side pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3 on. At the time of the formation of the switching arc 3.1, this exists between the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1, which is arranged on the contact bridge 10. In order to be able to enter channel 4.2, the switching arc must jump from contact bridge 10 to fourth arc guide plate 14.1.
  • the current flows from the first fixed contact 7.1 via the second arc guide plate 12.1, the first switching arc 3.1, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, the electrical connecting line 17, the third arc guide plate 13.1, the electrical connecting line 15, the third arc guide plate 13.2 at the second contact point, the second Switching arc 3.2 and the first arc baffle 11.2 at the second contact point to the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • This case is in Figure 3 shown.
  • the switching device according to the invention is also suitable for AC operation. If the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 occur during the positive half-wave, the in Figure 3 shown state. At a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the duration of the positive half-wave is 10 milliseconds. This leaves enough time so that the switching arc can jump from the contact bridge to the corresponding arc guide plate. The transition to the negative half-wave is simply prevented by using the diode 18. The direction of the current can no longer be reversed. Reconsolidation occurs, which means that the switching arc cannot reignite in the negative half-wave. The same applies in the event that the switching arc occurs during the negative half-wave. In this case, the in Figure 4 shown situation. Here again, reconsolidation occurs and the arc is prevented from reigniting.
  • FIGS Figures 1 to 4 show a second embodiment of a switching device according to the invention 1.
  • the structure corresponds in principle to the structure of the switching device from the Figures 1 to 4 ,
  • the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the differences from the first exemplary embodiment are essentially shown in FIGS Figures 1 to 4 described.
  • the contact bridge 10 with the two movable contacts 9.1 and 9.2 in contrast to the first embodiment, is arranged above the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the electromagnetic drive 19 is located below the two contact points. This has the advantage that the upper part of the housing can be completely removed for maintenance purposes, which allows free access to the contacts. The upper housing part is locked using the in Figure 5 bolt 26 shown.
  • the switching device also has two contact points.
  • a first arc blowing device is assigned to the first contact point 7.1 / 9.1
  • a second arc blowing device is assigned to the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2.
  • the first arc blower is in Figure 8 shown in the lower half of the picture
  • the second arc blowing device takes on Figure 8 the upper half of the picture.
  • the first arc blow device and the second arc blow device are essentially constructed mirror-symmetrically to each other.
  • the magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the first arc blowing device in this exemplary embodiment therefore corresponds to the magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the second arc blowing device.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the switching device 1 has a first arc extinguishing device 5.1 and a second arc extinguishing device 5.2 on opposite sides of the housing.
  • the first arc extinguishing device 5.1 is assigned to the first contact point 7.1 / 9.1.
  • First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the first arc blowing device which is assigned to the first contact point, each open into the first arc extinguishing device 5.1.
  • the second arc extinguishing device 5.2 is assigned to the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2.
  • First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the second arc blowing device which is assigned to the second contact point, each open into the second arc extinguishing device 5.2.
  • a third arc extinguishing device 5.3 is also arranged on the top of the housing, the first and second channels of the first and second arc blowing devices also opening into the third arc extinguishing device 5.3.
  • the third arc extinguishing device increases the extinguishing potential if necessary.
  • Parts of the housing that lie between the arc extinguishing devices can be protected from the arc by suitable copper plates 32.
  • All three arc extinguishing devices 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 each have a plurality of quenching elements 29 and 30 which are alternately stacked on top of one another.
  • the extinguishing elements are made of ceramic.
  • a first arcing baffle 11 is assigned to the first fixed contact 7.1 and a second arcing baffle 12 is assigned to the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 extend between the respective fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 and the respectively associated arc extinguishing device 5.1 or 5.2. They each connect the fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 with the associated connection contact 8.1 or 8.2.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 are arranged below the respective middle pole plate 6.3 and they each extend in width both over the first channel 4.1 and over the parallel second channel 4.2 of the associated arc blowing device.
  • a third arc guide plate 13 and a fourth arc guide plate 14 are provided.
  • the third arc baffle 13 and the fourth arc baffle 14 each extend in an arc from the first movable contact 9.1 to the second movable contact 9.2, so that the third arc baffle 13 and the fourth arc baffle 14 together with the contact bridge 10 each form an almost closed loop.
  • the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing device are each arranged between the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.
  • the third arc baffle 13 is shown in FIG Figure 6 behind the two middle pole plates 6.3 and is therefore shown in dashed lines in this figure.
  • the ends of the third arc baffle 13 and the fourth arc baffle 14 are each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge 10, so that the contact bridge 10 can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc baffles.
  • a base point of the switching arc jumps from the contact bridge to the third or fourth arc baffle when the switching arc is blown out of the contact point.
  • the corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded in order to increase the service life.
  • the first blow magnet 2.1 of the first arc blowing device and the first blow magnet 2.1 of the second arc blow device are arranged within the loop formed by the third arc guide plate 13 and the contact bridge 10, the second blow magnet 2.2 of the first arc blow device and the second blow magnet 2.2 of the second arc blow device are arranged within the loop formed by the fourth arc baffle 14 and the contact bridge 10.
  • the blow magnets are shielded from the arc in a simple manner.
  • a protective covering of the blow magnets made of ceramic or the like is not necessary.
  • the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing device are sheathed in an electrically insulating manner.
  • the contact bridge 10 is arranged on a contact carrier 27 made of electrically insulating material. How Figure 7 shows, the contact carrier 27 extends between the first contact point and the second contact point over the clear width of the housing of the switching device.
  • the contact carrier is immersed on both sides in corresponding grooves in the housing, so that a barrier in the manner of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma which is formed by the arc.
  • a bellows 28 is also arranged below the contact carrier 27 in order to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the plasma generated by the arc when the arc flashes onto the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device if correspondingly high loads are switched.
  • the two switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 which arise at the contact points 7.1 / 9.1 and 7.2 / 9.2, in the representation of the Figure 8 depending on the direction of current, either both deflected to the right or both to the left, then blown into the respective arc extinguishing device 5.1 or 5.2, and subsequently also into the third arc extinguishing device 5.3.
  • the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 are thus either through the channels 4.1 or, as in FIG Figure 6 is shown, driven through the channels 4.2 in the arc extinguishing devices.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Appareil de commutation (1) comprenant au moins une zone de contact et un dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique associé à la zone de contact, appareil de commutation
    dans lequel le dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique comporte au moins un aimant de soufflage (2.1, 2.2) pour produire un champ de soufflage magnétique,
    dans lequel le champ de soufflage est conçu de façon telle, qu'un arc électrique de commutation (3.1, 3.2) produit lors de l'ouverture de la zone de contact, soit soufflé hors de la zone de contact,
    dans lequel le champ de soufflage présente une première zone de champ magnétique et une deuxième zone de champ magnétique agencée à côté de la première zone de champ magnétique,
    dans lequel des lignes de champ magnétique de la première zone de champ magnétique sont orientées de manière opposées à des lignes de champ magnétique de la deuxième zone de champ magnétique, et
    dans lequel le champ de soufflage présente par ailleurs une zone de transition, qui relie mutuellement la première zone de champ magnétique et la deuxième zone de champ magnétique,
    dans lequel l'orientation des lignes de champ magnétique dans la zone de transition, à partir respectivement de la première zone de champ magnétique et de la deuxième zone de champ magnétique, s'égalise vers la zone de contact, de sorte que l'arc électrique (3.1, 3.2), à l'intérieur de la zone de transition, en fonction du sens du courant, est dévié à partir de la zone de contact, soit dans la première zone de champ magnétique, soit dans la deuxième zone de champ magnétique, et y est, dans les deux cas, éloigné par soufflage de la zone de contact, dans la même direction,
    dans lequel le dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique présente une première plaque polaire latérale (6.1), une deuxième plaque polaire latérale (6.2) et une plaque polaire centrale (6.3) agencée entre les deux précédentes,
    dans lequel la première zone de champ magnétique se situe entre la première plaque polaire latérale (6.1) et la plaque polaire centrale (6.3), et
    dans lequel la deuxième zone de champ magnétique se situe entre la deuxième plaque polaire latérale (6.2) et la plaque polaire centrale (6.3),
    dans lequel la plaque polaire centrale (6.3) est, à une première extrémité dirigée vers la zone de contact, plus courte que les deux plaques polaires latérales (6., 6.2),
    l'appareil de commutation (1) comprenant par ailleurs un dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2, 5.3), qui est agencé de manière telle que l'arc électrique de commutation (3.1, 3.2) soit soufflé par le dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, indépendamment du sens du courant, dans le dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2, 5.3),
    caractérisé en ce que la plaque polaire centrale (6.3) est, à une deuxième extrémité opposée à sa première extrémité, également plus courte que les deux plaques polaires latérales (6.1, 6.2), de sorte que l'arc électrique de commutation (3.1, 3.2), avant l'entrée dans le dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2, 5.3), est à nouveau mené et guidé au centre entre la première plaque polaire latérale (6.1) et la deuxième plaque polaire latérale (6.2).
  2. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à la première zone de champ magnétique est associé un premier canal (4.1), et à la deuxième zone de champ magnétique est associé un deuxième canal (4.2), en ce que le premier canal (4.1) et le deuxième canal (4.2) s'étendent parallèlement l'un à l'autre et sont agencés côte à côte, et en ce que le premier canal (4.1) est traversé, transversalement à son étendue longitudinale, par les lignes de champ magnétique de la première zone de champ magnétique, et le deuxième canal (4.2) est traversé, transversalement à son étendue longitudinale, par les lignes de champ magnétique de la deuxième zone de champ magnétique.
  3. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un premier aimant de soufflage (2.1) est associé à la première plaque polaire latérale (6.1), et au moins un deuxième aimant de soufflage (2.2) est associé à la deuxième plaque polaire latérale (6.2), le premier aimant de soufflage (2.1) et le deuxième aimant de soufflage (2.2) étant de polarités opposées, et les aimants de soufflage (2.1, 2.2) étant des aimants permanents.
  4. Appareil de commutation (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux plaques polaires latérales (6.1, 6.2) s'étendent latéralement jusqu'à côté de la zone de contact, de sorte que la zone de contact se trouve entre une première extrémité de la première plaque polaire latérale (6.1) et une première extrémité de la deuxième plaque polaire latérale (6.2).
  5. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 1 en combinaison avec la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de commutation (1) présente une première zone de contact et une deuxième zone de contact, en ce qu'à la première zone de contact est associé un premier dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, et à la deuxième zone de contact est associé un deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, en ce que la première zone de contact comporte un premier contact fixe (7.1) et un premier contact mobile (9.1), en ce que la deuxième zone de contact comporte un deuxième contact fixe (7.2) et un deuxième contact mobile (9.2), en ce que le premier contact mobile (9.1) et le deuxième contact mobile (9.2) sont agencés à des extrémités opposées d'un pontet de contact commun (10), en ce qu'au premier contact fixe (7.1) est associée au moins une première tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (11), et au deuxième contact fixe (7.2) est associée au moins une deuxième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (12), en ce que la première tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (11) et la deuxième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (12) s'étendent entre le contact fixe respectif (7.1, 7.2) et le dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2) et sont reliées de manière conductrice avec le contact fixe (7.1, 7.2) respectif, en ce que sont prévues, par ailleurs, une troisième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (13) et une quatrième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (14), en ce que la troisième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (13) et la quatrième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (14) s'étendent respectivement en forme d'arc du premier contact mobile (9.1) vers le deuxième contact mobile (9.2), de sorte que la troisième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (13) et la quatrième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (14) forment en commun avec le pontet de contact (10), respectivement une boucle pratiquement fermée, et en ce que les plaques polaires centrales (6.3) du premier et du deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique sont agencées respectivement entre la troisième et la quatrième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (13, 14).
  6. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier aimant de soufflage (2.1) du premier dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique et le premier aimant de soufflage (2.1) du deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, sont agencés à l'intérieur de la boucle qui est formée par la troisième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (13) et le pontet de contact (10), et en ce que le deuxième aimant de soufflage (2.2) du premier dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique et le deuxième aimant de soufflage (2.2) du deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, sont agencés à l'intérieur de la boucle qui est formée par la quatrième tôle de guidage d'arc électrique (14) et le pontet de contact (10).
  7. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les plaques polaires centrales (6.3) du premier et du deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique, sont dotées d'une enveloppe électriquement isolante.
  8. Appareil de commutation (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, respectivement en combinaison avec la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) comprend un premier dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1) et un deuxième dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.2), en ce que le premier et le deuxième dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2) sont agencés sur des côtés opposés d'un boitier de l'appareil de commutation (1) de manière telle, que le premier canal (4.1) et le deuxième canal (4.2) du premier dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique débouchent dans le premier dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1), et en ce que le premier canal (4.1) et le deuxième canal (4.2) du deuxième dispositif de soufflage d'arc électrique débouchent dans le deuxième dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.2).
  9. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que sur un côté supérieur du boitier, qui relie les deux côtés opposés du boitier, est agencé, par ailleurs, un troisième dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.3) de manière telle, que les premiers et deuxièmes canaux (4.1, 4.2) des premier et deuxième dispositifs de soufflage d'arc électrique débouchent également dans le troisième dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.3) .
  10. Appareil de commutation (1) selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'extinction d'arc électrique (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) peut être déposé de manière complète, le cas échéant en commun avec les deux dispositifs de soufflage d'arc électrique.
  11. Appareil de commutation (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le pontet de contact (10) est agencé sur un support de contact (27) en un matériau électriquement isolant, le support de contact (27) s'étendant entre la première zone de contact et la deuxième zone de contact, sur la largeur libre du boitier de l'appareil de commutation (1).
EP16200162.2A 2015-01-22 2016-01-21 Appareil de commutation avec extinction d'arc par aimant permanent Active EP3157032B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015000796.3A DE102015000796B4 (de) 2015-01-22 2015-01-22 Schaltgerät mit permanentmagnetischer Lichtbogenlöschung
EP16000145.9A EP3048626B1 (fr) 2015-01-22 2016-01-21 Appareil de commutation avec soufflage d'arc par aimant permanent

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EP16000145.9A Division-Into EP3048626B1 (fr) 2015-01-22 2016-01-21 Appareil de commutation avec soufflage d'arc par aimant permanent
EP16000145.9A Division EP3048626B1 (fr) 2015-01-22 2016-01-21 Appareil de commutation avec soufflage d'arc par aimant permanent

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EP3157032B1 true EP3157032B1 (fr) 2020-03-04

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EP (2) EP3157032B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6706081B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101784586B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN109036908B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015000796B4 (fr)
ES (2) ES2636797T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2629563C9 (fr)
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Publication number Publication date
ES2636797T3 (es) 2017-10-09
EP3048626B1 (fr) 2017-06-14
CN105826102B (zh) 2018-08-03
KR101784586B1 (ko) 2017-10-11
EP3157032A1 (fr) 2017-04-19
US20160217951A1 (en) 2016-07-28
UA113925C2 (xx) 2017-03-27
JP6706081B2 (ja) 2020-06-03
CN109036908A (zh) 2018-12-18
EP3048626A1 (fr) 2016-07-27
DE102015000796A1 (de) 2016-07-28
ZA201600490B (en) 2017-05-31
RU2629563C2 (ru) 2017-08-30
JP2016146333A (ja) 2016-08-12
CN109036908B (zh) 2020-02-11
US9991073B2 (en) 2018-06-05
CN105826102A (zh) 2016-08-03
KR20160090770A (ko) 2016-08-01
ES2778843T3 (es) 2020-08-12
RU2016101644A (ru) 2017-07-26
RU2629563C9 (ru) 2018-01-19
DE102015000796B4 (de) 2017-03-02

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