EP3146209B1 - Machine à pistons axiaux - Google Patents

Machine à pistons axiaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3146209B1
EP3146209B1 EP15723679.5A EP15723679A EP3146209B1 EP 3146209 B1 EP3146209 B1 EP 3146209B1 EP 15723679 A EP15723679 A EP 15723679A EP 3146209 B1 EP3146209 B1 EP 3146209B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston machine
axial piston
control disc
shaft
inlet opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15723679.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3146209A1 (fr
Inventor
Falk Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP3146209A1 publication Critical patent/EP3146209A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3146209B1 publication Critical patent/EP3146209B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1009—Distribution members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0002—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0044—Component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F01B3/007—Swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/10—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto
    • F01B3/101—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with stationary cylinders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an axial piston machine with annularly arranged around and coaxial with a shaft cylinders according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a heat recovery system in a motor vehicle with such an axial piston machine.
  • a control disk for an axial piston machine in which at least a first control opening and a second control opening are provided. Adjacent to the control openings, an inner sealing land and an outer sealing land are formed for sealing cooperation with an end face of a cylinder barrel. At least a portion of the outer sealing land is increased in relation to a further subregion in terms of elasticity, whereby a control disk is to be created, which is able to avoid surface pressure peaks even without the use of lead-containing bronze.
  • the present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing for an axial piston machine of the generic type an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, by means of which on the one hand, a high efficiency of the axial piston machine can be achieved, on the other hand, however, a reliable overload protection can be created.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea, such a control disc of an axial piston so adjustable and at the same time rotatably support a shaft of the axial piston machine that reversibly lifted at an undesirable pressure in the cylinder from the inlet opening and thereby enables a pressure reduction in the cylinder.
  • the axial piston machine according to the invention has annularly around and coaxial with the shaft arranged cylinder, in which piston are arranged translationally adjustable. Each of these cylinders is associated with a previously described inlet opening.
  • the control disk itself is non-rotatably connected to the shaft and has an eccentrically arranged passage opening, which passes over each inlet opening once each revolution of the control disk and thereby directs working fluid into the associated cylinder.
  • the inventive storage of the control disk on the shaft it is possible to provide a comparatively simple overload protection against excessive pressure in the cylinder, in which the control disk in Take off the axial direction reversibly against the cylinder and thereby allow a pressure reduction in the cylinder.
  • the transition between the control disk and the inlet opening of the cylinder is optimally sealed, whereby a high efficiency can be achieved.
  • Such axial piston machine according to the invention thus not only has a high efficiency, but also also a comparatively structurally simple constructed overload protection, which ensures the long-term function of the axial piston machine.
  • the shaft in a contact region between the same and the control disc a spherical outer contour or the control disc a convex inner contour, which at least a slight inclination of the control disc to the shaft and thereby at a high and in particular undesirable pressure in Cylinder allows lifting the control disc from the inlet port of the cylinder.
  • control disk lies close to the inlet opening of the cylinder and thus seals it off optimally, as a result of which high efficiency can be achieved.
  • the tight resting of the control disk on the inlet opening can be achieved in particular by a spring which biases the control disk against the inlet opening in a reversible manner.
  • the spring may for example be designed as a helical spring which winds around the shaft.
  • the control disk is expediently made of carbon or has a coating, in particular a polymer coating, a DLC coating, a carbon coating or a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating.
  • a coating in particular a polymer coating, a DLC coating, a carbon coating or a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating.
  • this may for example be formed of carbon and grind in contact with the inlet opening of the cylinder.
  • the carbon used is finely wearable.
  • other materials for the control disk are conceivable, which then has a friction-reducing, sealing and / or wear-resistant coating, at least in its sweeping the inlet opening of the cylinder area.
  • a molded seal in particular of carbon, also be provided, which also grinds in the operation of the axial piston on the rotating control disk and thereby achieves a high sealing effect.
  • a radial pin is arranged on the shaft, which engages in an axial recess on the control disk and thereby enables a torque transmission with axial play.
  • a toothing can also be arranged on the shaft, which cooperates with a counter-toothing on the control disk and thereby also allows a torque transmission with axial play.
  • At least one piston expediently has a nose or an extension on a piston head which engages at least partially in the inlet opening and thereby minimizes a dead space volume in the gas inflow region.
  • the efficiency of an axial piston machine largely depends on the dead space volume in the gas inflow region, with the proviso that the less dead space volume is present, the more expansion energy can be used directly for the generation of force.
  • the reduction of the dead space volume can be achieved, for example, by the nose arranged on the piston head or the extension arranged there, which fills at least part of the inlet opening and thereby reduces the dead space volume.
  • the nose and the extension are of course carried out so that a further smooth flow of the working medium into the cylinder is possible.
  • control disk tapers radially outward in terms of its thickness and in particular in the region of the passage opening has a small thickness, as in a radially inner region.
  • control disc between the region of the passage opening and the radially inner region cranked.
  • a partition wall arranged between the cylinder and the control disk, into which the inlet opening of the respective cylinder is integrated, can be reduced in thickness at least in the region of the inlet opening.
  • a safety valve which dependent on the force of the air, that is, from a certain limit of the shaft closes an associated passage opening of the control disk and thus prevents further inflow of working fluid into the respective cylinder.
  • the axial piston machine according to the invention driven by the inflowing and expanding in the cylinders gas. If, however, an overload occurs, the speeds achieved can become so great that the axial piston machine is damaged. In this case, the speed must be controlled as automatically as possible and immediately down.
  • One possibility here is to regulate the supply of working fluid in the cylinder and divert for example via a bypass.
  • Another possibility consists of the safety valve according to the invention, which from a certain limit speed of the shaft, that is from a speed at which a critical phase is reached, an associated passage opening of the control disk closes and thereby interrupts the further supply of working fluid in the respective cylinder. This makes it possible to control the axial piston immediately down and reduce the speed. By providing a spring, the safety valve can be opened again when falling below the limit speed and the axial piston machine can be converted into a normal operating mode.
  • Fig. 1 has an inventive axial piston machine 1, which may be part of a heat recovery system 2 of a motor vehicle, not shown in detail, for example, a shaft 3, which is rotatably connected to a swash plate 4.
  • cylinders 5 are arranged in annular fashion around and coaxial with the shaft 3, in which pistons 6, in particular hollow and built pistons, are arranged in a translationally adjustable manner.
  • Each of these pistons 6 is connected via a spherical bearing 7 and a sliding block 8 with the swash plate 4.
  • the control disk 10 thus has an eccentrically arranged passage opening 11, which passes over each inlet opening 9 of a cylinder 5 once during each rotation of the control disk 10, thereby conducting working medium into it.
  • the control disk 10 according to the invention in such a way Shaft 3 stored so that it reversibly lifts off at a predefined pressure in the cylinder 5, that is, from a predefined limit pressure, from the inlet opening 9, thereby allowing a pressure reduction in the cylinder 5.
  • this is mounted axially displaceable on the shaft 3 at least to a small extent.
  • the shaft 3 has a convex outer contour at a contact region 13 to the control disk 10, which allows an at least slight inclination of the control disk 10 to the shaft 3.
  • the control disk 10 in the contact region 13 to the shaft 3 has a convex inner contour, which also allows a slight inclination of the control disk 10 to the shaft 3 in case of overload (see. Fig. 3 ).
  • control disk 10 In the normal operating state, however, the control disk 10 should cover the inlet opening 9 of the cylinder 5 as closely as possible, for which reason the control disk 10 is made of carbon, in particular finely wearable carbon, and / or has a coating 14, in particular a polymer coating, in particular a polymer coating, a DLC coating, a carbon coating or polytetrafluoroethylene coating (PTFE). In an embodiment of the control disc made of carbon, this can grind in the operation of the axial piston 1 and thereby generate the responsible for the high efficiency tightness.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene coating
  • the control disk 10 can of course be made of two different materials, such as plastic and carbon or steel and plastic or carbon and only in the contact point to the inlet opening 9 in the cylinder 5, the corresponding coating 14, for example, a molded contact geometry of a low-friction and wear-resistant material, similar to a mechanical direction, has. Additionally or alternatively, of course, a fine machining the contact area between the inlet opening 9 and the control disk 10 is conceivable, for example by electrochemical machining, or the application of such a hard, wear-resistant coating 14 to the edge of the inlet opening 9.
  • a spring 15 is provided, which biases the control disk 10 against the inlet opening 9 of the cylinder and thereby optimally seals against this.
  • the spring 15 may be formed, for example, as a helical spring and wind around the shaft 3.
  • a radial pin 16 (see. Fig. 1 ), which engages in an axial recess 17 on the control disk 10 and thereby on the one hand enables the required torque transmission, but on the other hand allows axial play, in particular lifting the control disk 10 from the inlet opening in case of overload.
  • a toothing 18 (see. Fig. 2 ), which cooperates with a counter-toothing 19 on the control disk 10 and thereby enables a torque transmission with axial play.
  • control disk 10 As the control disk 10 according to the Fig. 1 to 3 , it can be seen that this tapers radially outward in terms of their thickness and in particular in the region of the through hole 11 has a smaller thickness than in a radially inner region.
  • the control disk 10 is thereby cranked between the region of the passage opening 11 and the radially inner region and that at the point 20th
  • a partition wall 21 is arranged, which has the inlet opening 9 and which preferably also tapers radially outwardly in thickness, in particular in the region of the inlet opening 9 has a smaller thickness than in a radially inner region.
  • This partition wall 21 is also cranked in the region of the point 20. Both cranks and both thickness reductions in the region of the passage opening 11 of the control disk 10 and the inlet opening 9 of the partition 21 serve to reduce the dead space and thereby increase the efficiency of the axial piston 1. The dead space is limited in the expansion of the working medium at the Generation of mechanical energy involved and thus costs efficiency.
  • the piston 6 on a piston head 22 has a nose 23 which engages at least partially in the inlet opening 9. This also allows a dead space volume is reduced and thus the efficiency can be increased.
  • a safety valve 24 which closes dependent on centrifugal force from a predefined limit speed of the shaft 3, the corresponding through hole 11 of the control disk 10 and thereby prevents further inflow of working fluid into the respective cylinder 5. In this way, a sudden reduction of the rotational speed, in particular in a critical state, can be achieved.
  • the closure plate 25 By acting on a closure plate 25 of the safety valve 24 spring 15 ', the closure plate 25 is retracted when falling below the predefined limit speed back to its open position radially inward and thereby transferred the axial piston machine 1 back to its normal operating state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Machine à piston axial (1),
    - avec des cylindres (5) agencés de manière annulaire autour et coaxial à un arbre (3), dans lesquels des pistons (6) sont agencés de manière réglable en translation,
    - dans laquelle à chaque cylindre (5) est associée une ouverture d'entrée (9),
    - avec un disque de commande (10) raccordé de manière solidaire en rotation à l'arbre (3) avec une ouverture débouchante (11) agencée de manière excentrée qui balaye une fois à chaque rotation du disque de commande (10) chaque ouverture d'entrée (9) et conduit un produit de travail dans le cylindre (5) afférent,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque de commande (10) est logé de manière réglable sur l'arbre (3) de sorte qu'il se détache sous l'effet d'une pression prédéfinie dans le cylindre (5) de manière réversible de l'ouverture d'entrée (9) et permet ainsi une diminution de pression dans le cylindre (5).
  2. Machine à piston axial selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'arbre (3) présente dans une zone de contact (13) au disque de commande (10) un contour extérieur bombé ou le disque de commande (10) un contour intérieur bombé, qui permet une position au moins légèrement oblique du disque de commande (10) par rapport à l'arbre (3).
  3. Machine à piston axial selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque de commande (10) est réalisé en carbone ou présente un revêtement (14), en particulier un revêtement en polymère, un revêtement en DLC, un revêtement en carbone ou un revêtement en polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE).
  4. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    un ressort (15) est prévu, lequel précontraint le disque de commande (10) contre l'ouverture d'entrée (9).
  5. Machine à piston axial selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le ressort (15) est réalisé comme ressort hélicoïdal, qui s'enroule autour de l'arbre (3).
  6. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    une garniture moulée par injection en carbone est prévue sur l'ouverture d'entrée (9).
  7. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que
    - une tige radiale (16) est agencée sur l'arbre (3), laquelle se met en prise dans un évidement axial (17) sur le disque de commande (10) et permet ainsi une transmission de couple avec jeu axial, ou
    - une denture (18) est agencée sur l'arbre (3), laquelle coagit avec une denture antagoniste (19) sur le disque de commande (10) et permet ainsi une transmission de couple avec jeu axial.
  8. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque de commande (10) se rétrécit radialement vers l'extérieur en ce qui concerne son épaisseur, en particulier dans la zone de l'ouverture débouchante (11) présente une épaisseur plus faible que dans une zone radialement intérieure.
  9. Machine à piston axial selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque de commande (10) est courbé sur un point (20) entre la zone de l'ouverture débouchante (11) et la zone radialement intérieure.
  10. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    au moins un piston (6) présente sur un fond de piston (22) un nez (23) qui se met en prise au moins partiellement dans l'ouverture d'entrée (9).
  11. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisée en ce que
    entre les cylindres (5) et le disque de commande (10) est agencée une paroi de séparation (21) qui présente l'ouverture d'entrée (9) et qui se rétrécit radialement vers l'extérieur en ce qui concerne son épaisseur, en particulier dans la zone de l'ouverture d'entrée (9) présente une épaisseur plus faible que dans une zone radialement intérieure.
  12. Machine à piston axial selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la paroi de séparation (21) est courbée sur un point (20) entre la zone de l'ouverture d'entrée (9) et la zone radialement intérieure.
  13. Machine à piston axial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisée en ce que
    une soupape de sécurité (24) est prévue, laquelle ferme à partir d'une vitesse de rotation limite de l'arbre (3) une ouverture débouchante (11) afférente du disque de commande (10).
  14. Système de récupération de chaleur (2) dans un véhicule automobile avec une machine à piston axial (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
EP15723679.5A 2014-05-23 2015-05-11 Machine à pistons axiaux Not-in-force EP3146209B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014209899.8A DE102014209899A1 (de) 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Axialkolbenmaschine
PCT/EP2015/060370 WO2015176989A1 (fr) 2014-05-23 2015-05-11 Machine à pistons axiaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3146209A1 EP3146209A1 (fr) 2017-03-29
EP3146209B1 true EP3146209B1 (fr) 2018-03-07

Family

ID=53191658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15723679.5A Not-in-force EP3146209B1 (fr) 2014-05-23 2015-05-11 Machine à pistons axiaux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3146209B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014209899A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015176989A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016215018A1 (de) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-15 Mahle International Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950253A1 (de) * 1969-10-06 1971-04-22 Friedrichs Ingo Dipl Ing Hydrostatisch entlastete Steuerung mit geringem Durchflusswiderstand
DE2018804A1 (de) * 1970-04-20 1971-11-04 Langen & Co, 4000 Dusseldorf Hydraulische Axialkolbenmaschine
US4896564A (en) * 1978-10-25 1990-01-30 Karl Eickmann Axial piston motor or pump with an arrangement to thrust the rotor against a shoulder of the shaft
US5370506A (en) * 1992-11-19 1994-12-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Piston type compressor with a rotary suction valve
DE4301134C2 (de) * 1993-01-18 1995-05-18 Danfoss As Hydraulische Axialkolbenmaschine
DE10223844B4 (de) * 2002-05-28 2013-04-04 Danfoss A/S Wasserhydraulische Maschine
DE102007060014A1 (de) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drehgleitlager mit einer balligen und einer elastisch-nachgiebigen Gleitfläche
DE102008060067B4 (de) 2008-12-02 2017-11-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine mit einer Steuerplatte, die in einem Teilbereich des äußeren Dichtstegs eine erhöhte Elastizität aufweist
DE102010036917A1 (de) 2010-08-09 2012-02-09 Amovis Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine
DE102010052508A1 (de) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Daimler Ag Abwärmenutzungsvorrichtung
DE102011118622B4 (de) * 2011-11-16 2017-06-29 Mahle International Gmbh Axialkolbenmaschine mit Auslasssteuerung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015176989A1 (fr) 2015-11-26
EP3146209A1 (fr) 2017-03-29
DE102014209899A1 (de) 2015-11-26

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