EP3139392B1 - Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne - Google Patents

Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3139392B1
EP3139392B1 EP15183787.9A EP15183787A EP3139392B1 EP 3139392 B1 EP3139392 B1 EP 3139392B1 EP 15183787 A EP15183787 A EP 15183787A EP 3139392 B1 EP3139392 B1 EP 3139392B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
coil
filaments
winding
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15183787.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3139392A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Drofenik
Gabriel Ortiz
Thomas Gradinger
Daniel Kearney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP15183787.9A priority Critical patent/EP3139392B1/fr
Priority to ES15183787T priority patent/ES2710678T3/es
Priority to CN201610801793.6A priority patent/CN106504869B/zh
Publication of EP3139392A1 publication Critical patent/EP3139392A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2895—Windings disposed upon ring cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/346—Preventing or reducing leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F2027/348—Preventing eddy currents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to semiconductor converters having a medium-frequency transformer, in particular medium-voltage semiconductor converter.
  • Transformers in medium voltage converters are designed to transmit high power and must also meet high insulation requirements. To reduce the size of the transformer they are operated at relatively high operating frequencies of several kilohertz. Typical applications for such converters are, for example, traction applications or power grids in which such medium frequency transformers with powers between 100 kW and 1000 kW, at voltages of e.g. 20 kV and with transformer frequencies of between 5 kHz and 15 kHz.
  • stray fields outside the transformer core or transformer yoke result in induced voltages in the coil windings causing parasitic currents.
  • the stray magnetic fields are substantially parallel to the orientation of the transformer core or yoke. Due to the different spacing of the individual wires from the transformer yoke opposite parasitic currents are generated in the wires, which can lead to ring currents due to the parallel connection of the coil windings formed by the wires. These ring currents can lead to high currents in the range of several hundred amperes, since the wires have a low ohmic resistance and the ring currents are limited only by the internal inductance of the current path of the parasitic currents.
  • the parasitic ring currents superimpose the operating current through the coil winding of the medium-frequency transformer, resulting in an unbalanced current distribution within the wires of the coil winding.
  • the parasitic ring currents become very high, one of the wires may carry more than the entire nominal current and another of the wires may carry a correspondingly negative, ie, 180 ° out of phase current.
  • the copper fill factor reduced by 50%, but additional losses are incurred and the maximum power output of the medium frequency transformer is reduced by a factor of two or more.
  • a conventional solution to compensate for this effect is to twist the wires of the coil winding so as to reduce current imbalance.
  • twisting wires in manufacturing is difficult and leads to increased space requirements of the twisted wires, counteracting the intended size reduction.
  • a high bending stress is exerted on the wires, whereby they can be mechanically damaged and their electrical conductivity can be impaired.
  • the above object is achieved by the medium-frequency transformer according to claim 1 and by the semiconductor converter with a medium-frequency transformer according to the independent claim.
  • multi-core conductors are used because of the high operating frequencies of several kilohertz, which form two or more than two coil windings when winding the transformer core, which are connected in parallel at their terminals.
  • the wires are laid so that they are formed in different layers of a multilayer winding assembly. Due to leakage fluxes decreasing with increasing distance from the transformer core, different voltages are induced in the wires during operation of the transformer leading to different parasitic currents in the turns of the coil arms formed by the wires.
  • the multilayer arrangement of the wires causes the circulating flows caused in the coil branches to be opposite to one another. Since the coil branches are connected at their terminals, this can cause a ring current, which can reach high currents due to the low ohmic resistance of the wires.
  • At least two of the wires connected in parallel with each other via their terminals are transformer-coupled such that a parasitic substream in one of the wires leads to a correspondingly rectified parasitic compensation current in another of the wires.
  • the current components of the branch currents in each of the wires coupled in this way compensate each other and can thus be completely or partially extinguished.
  • the inductive coupling between each two wires may have a toroidal core, through which the various coil branches are led crosswise, so that they extend in mutually opposite directions with respect to the winding direction of the coil branches through the ring core.
  • a toroidal core constitutes a closed circular element made of magnetically conductive material. This may be ring-shaped or have another closed shape.
  • the inductive coupling between each pair of wires may comprise two toroidal cores coupled to each other via a separate crossover conductor ring, with the wires passing through one of the toroidal cores with a portion between one of the terminals and the spool branches and the conductor ring so through the ring cores is guided, that a ring current flowing therein flows through the toroidal cores with respect to the branch currents rectified.
  • the inductive coupling between each two wires may have a toroidal core, wherein a wire of a first of the bobbin branches is guided by the toroidal core at a portion which lies between the part winding and a second of the terminals and through the toroidal core the second wire of a second of the bobbin branches is guided with a portion that lies between the partial winding and a first of the terminals.
  • inductive couplings may be provided between each possible pairing of every two of the coil branches.
  • the multi-core winding is twisted, in particular twisted exactly once.
  • the wires of the multicore winding may be arranged in layers around the transformer core.
  • an inverter in another aspect, includes the above transformer and one or more inverters.
  • the one or more inverters may be configured to operate the transformer at a frequency of between 300 Hz to 30 kHz, in particular between 1 kHz to 20 kHz.
  • Medium frequency transformers are typically used in medium voltage semiconductor converters in the range between 10 kV and 100 kV.
  • One known arrangement of medium frequency transformers is to arrange them between semiconductor inverters.
  • Such semiconductor converters can be used for traction applications or network applications.
  • FIG. 1 For example, a DC / DC converter 1 with a medium-frequency transformer 2 is shown.
  • An input-side DC / AC inverter 3 is provided to convert an input-side DC voltage U DC1 into a first AC intermediate- circuit voltage U AC1 of a predetermined operating frequency.
  • the first alternating- link voltage U AC1 is connected on the primary side to the medium-frequency transformer 2.
  • a second AC intermediate circuit voltage U AC2 is obtained.
  • the second AC link voltage U AC2 is connected to an AC output side DC / DC inverter 4.
  • the predetermined operating frequencies are typically between 1 to 20 kHz.
  • the inverters 3, 4 generate this case from the input-side DC voltage U DC1, the first AC-link voltage U AC1 and from the second AC-link voltage U AC2 the output-side DC voltage U AC2.
  • an AC voltage or, on the output side an AC voltage can be provided on the input side.
  • FIG. 2 is exemplified such a medium-voltage transformer in cross section. It can be seen the transformer core 21, which is wrapped with a multi-core winding conductor 22, so that a first wire 22a is wound an inner layer and forms a first bobbin branch, and a second wire 22b is wound thereon a second layer and forms a second bobbin branch.
  • the coil branches are connected in the same direction to each other at two terminals 23, so that they are connected substantially in parallel. Due to a stray magnetic field, which occurs during operation of the winding frequency transformer and extends through the region of the coil winding, voltages are induced in the coil branches, which can lead to opposing parasitic current flows.
  • the parasitic currents add positively and form a parasitic circuit current, which can reach high currents due to the low ohmic resistance of the coil branches and thereby leads to a non-uniform current distribution in the coil branches. This results in an effective deterioration of the copper fill factor and additional electrical losses, so that the maximum power output of the medium frequency transformer may be reduced by a factor of two or more.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the circuit diagram of the medium-frequency transformer 2 with an inductive coupling 5 between two bobbin branches 24a, 24b shown.
  • the inductive coupling 5 is disposed between one of the terminals 23 and the bobbin branches and is designed so that a first parasitic branch current in a first of the bobbin branches 24a leads to a rectified branch current in a second one of the bobbin branches 24b.
  • the parasitic branch current in one of the coil branches is compensated or completely or partially extinguished by the parasitic branch current in another coil branch.
  • a common mode filter can be provided which has a sufficiently high loop inductance to suppress the parasitic branch currents in the loop formed by the coil branches 24a, 24b.
  • no significant inductance of the transformer leakage inductance is added.
  • the inductive coupling 5 is realized by means of a ring core 51, through which the wires 22a, 22b of the different coil branches 24a, 24b are cross-guided so that they extend in mutually opposite directions with respect to the winding direction of the coil branches 24a, 24b through the ring core 51.
  • the inductive coupling 5 ' has two ring cores 52, 53, which via a separate crossover conductor ring 54 are coupled together, so that the effect of the inductive coupling is also achieved.
  • each of the wires 22a, 22b is passed through one of the ring cores 52, 53 with a portion between a terminal 23 and the coil trough.
  • the conductor ring 54 is guided through the ring cores 52, 53 such that a ring current flowing therein flows through the toroidal cores 52, 53 in the same direction with respect to the branch currents.
  • the embodiment of the FIG. 5 also shows an inductive coupling 5 "formed by means of a toroidal core 55.
  • a portion of the first wire 22a of the first winding branch 24a is interposed between the sub-winding and a second of the terminals 23b 55
  • a portion of the second wire 22b of the second bobbin branch 24b is interposed between the sub-winding and a first one of the terminals 23a, whereby the bobbin branches 24a, 24b are also oppositely coupled so that the parasitic branch currents cancel each other out
  • This embodiment has the advantage in that strong bends of the wires 22a, 22b can be avoided, which can represent a considerable facilitation in the production, in particular with high conductor cross-sections.
  • inductive couplings must be provided between each possible pairing of two coil branches in order to effectively compensate for parasitic circulating currents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Transformateur (2), en particulier transformateur à fréquence moyenne, destiné à être utilisé dans un onduleur (1), comprenant :
    - un noyau de transformateur (21),
    - un enroulement multiconducteur (22) comportant une pluralité de fils (22a, 22b) enroulés autour du noyau de transformateur (21), dans lequel chacun des fils (22a, 22b) forme une branche de bobine (24a, 24b) ;
    - des bornes (23) à chacune desquelles les extrémités correspondantes des fils (22a, 22b) sont électriquement connectées les unes aux autres ;
    - un couplage par induction (5) destiné à coupler par induction les branches de bobine (24a, 24b) par paires les unes aux autres de manière à ce que les courants parasites des branches de bobine (24a, 24b) se compensent les uns les autres.
  2. Transformateur (2) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le couplage par induction (5) comporte un noyau annulaire (51) entre deux fils (22a, 22b) respectifs à travers lequel passent de manière croisée les différentes branches de bobine (24a, 24b) de manière à ce qu'elles traversent le noyau annulaire (51) dans des directions mutuellement opposées par rapport à la direction d'enroulement des branches de bobine (24a, 24b).
  3. Transformateur (2) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le couplage par induction (5) entre deux fils (22a, 22b) respectifs comprend deux noyaux annulaires (52, 53) qui sont couplés l'un à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un anneau conducteur séparé (54) guidé de manière croisée, dans lequel les fils (22a, 22b) sont guidés à travers le noyau annulaire (52, 53) par une partie située entre l'une des bornes (23) et les branches de bobine (24a, 24b) et l'anneau conducteur (54) est guidé à travers les noyaux annulaires (52, 53) de manière à ce qu'un courant annulaire passant dans celui-ci passe à travers les noyaux annulaires (52, 53) dans le même sens que les courants des branches.
  4. Transformateur (2) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le couplage par induction entre deux fils (22a, 22b) respectifs comprend un noyau annulaire (55), dans lequel un fil (22a) d'une première des branches de bobine (24a) est guidé à travers le noyau annulaire (55) au niveau d'une partie située entre l'enroulement partiel et une seconde des bornes 23b et le second fil (22b) d'une seconde des branches de bobine (24b) est guidé à travers le noyau annulaire (55) par une partie située entre l'enroulement partiel et une première des bornes (23a).
  5. Transformateur (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel, en cas d'utilisation de plus de deux fils, des couplages par induction (5) sont prévus entre chaque appariement possible de deux respectives des branches de bobine (24a, 24b) pour réaliser plus de deux enroulements partiels.
  6. Transformateur (2) selon les revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'enroulement multiconducteur est torsadé, en particulier torsadé exactement une fois.
  7. Transformateur (2) selon les revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel les fils de l'enroulement multiconducteur sont agencés en couches autour du noyau de transformateur (21).
  8. Onduleur (1) comportant un transformateur (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 et un ou plusieurs onduleurs (3, 4).
  9. Onduleur (1) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel lesdits un ou plusieurs onduleurs (3, 4) sont conçus pour faire fonctionner le transformateur (2) à une fréquence comprise entre 300 Hz et 30 kHz, en particulier entre 1 kHz et 20 kHz.
  10. Onduleur (1) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel lesdits un ou plusieurs onduleurs (3, 4) sont conçus pour faire fonctionner le transformateur (2) à une fréquence comprise entre 50 Hz et 60 kHz.
EP15183787.9A 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne Active EP3139392B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15183787.9A EP3139392B1 (fr) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne
ES15183787T ES2710678T3 (es) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Transformador de frecuencia media y variador de frecuencia de semiconductores con un transformador de frecuencia media
CN201610801793.6A CN106504869B (zh) 2015-09-04 2016-09-05 中频变压器以及带有中频变压器的半导体变换器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15183787.9A EP3139392B1 (fr) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne

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EP3139392A1 EP3139392A1 (fr) 2017-03-08
EP3139392B1 true EP3139392B1 (fr) 2018-11-14

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EP15183787.9A Active EP3139392B1 (fr) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Transformateur a frequence moyenne et convertisseur a semi-conducteur ayant un transformateur a frequence moyenne

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EP (1) EP3139392B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106504869B (fr)
ES (1) ES2710678T3 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3712912B1 (fr) 2017-12-27 2023-11-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Système d'oscillateur comprenant un transformateur
EP3767653B1 (fr) * 2019-07-16 2023-01-11 ABB Schweiz AG Ensemble de transformateurs avec transformateurs moyenne fréquence

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002539619A (ja) * 1999-03-09 2002-11-19 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 回路装置
US20030141829A1 (en) 2002-01-31 2003-07-31 Shan-Ho Yu Current equalizer assembly for LCD backlight panel
US20150114676A1 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-04-30 Alstom Technology Ltd. Conductor bar with multi-strand conductor element
CN204066995U (zh) * 2014-09-02 2014-12-31 群光电能科技股份有限公司 变压器
CN104409202B (zh) * 2014-12-15 2017-01-04 温州大学 一种紧耦合llc谐振变压器

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106504869A (zh) 2017-03-15
CN106504869B (zh) 2020-11-24
ES2710678T3 (es) 2019-04-26
EP3139392A1 (fr) 2017-03-08

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