EP3129609A1 - Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie

Info

Publication number
EP3129609A1
EP3129609A1 EP15715164.8A EP15715164A EP3129609A1 EP 3129609 A1 EP3129609 A1 EP 3129609A1 EP 15715164 A EP15715164 A EP 15715164A EP 3129609 A1 EP3129609 A1 EP 3129609A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
heat
heat storage
pressure
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15715164.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Alekseev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP3129609A1 publication Critical patent/EP3129609A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops

Definitions

  • DE 31 39 567 A1 and EP 1 989 400 A1 disclose liquid air or liquid nitrogen, ie cryogenic air liquefaction products, for
  • Energy recovery unit converted into electrical energy and fed into an electrical grid. This mode of operation takes place in a period of time, here as
  • compressed air storage power plants in which the air is not liquefied, but compressed in a compressor and stored in an underground cavern.
  • the compressed air from the cavern is directed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the gas turbine is supplied via a gas line fuel, such as natural gas, and burned in the atmosphere formed by the compressed air.
  • the formed exhaust gas is expanded in the gas turbine, thereby generating energy.
  • the economics of such methods and devices are greatly affected by the overall efficiency.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve corresponding methods and devices in this regard.
  • booster turbine compresses at least one current by the relaxation of at least one other current, but without external, for example by means of an electric motor, supplied energy.
  • Expansion turbines preferably with intermediate heating, be provided.
  • a further heater may be provided downstream of the "last" expansion turbine.
  • the hot gas turbine is also preferably coupled to one or more generators for generating electrical energy.
  • Air conditioning unit can together one or more
  • Air liquefaction product can be obtained, which can be used as a storage liquid and transferred to a tank system.
  • An "air separation plant” is charged with atmospheric air and has a distillation column system for decomposing the atmospheric air into its physical components, particularly nitrogen and oxygen. For this purpose, the air is first cooled to near its dew point and then introduced into the distillation column system.
  • an "air liquefaction plant” does not include
  • liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in each case also designate a cryogenic liquid which has oxygen or nitrogen in an amount which is above that of atmospheric air. It does not necessarily have to be pure liquids with high contents of oxygen or nitrogen. Under liquid nitrogen is thus understood as pure or substantially pure nitrogen, as well as a mixture of liquefied air gases, its nitrogen content higher than that of the atmospheric air. For example, it has a nitrogen content of at least 90, preferably at least 99 mole percent.
  • Air liquefaction product, electricity, etc. is understood to mean a liquid medium whose boiling point is significantly below the respective ambient temperature and, for example, 200 K or less, in particular 220 K or less.
  • Examples are liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, etc.
  • a "fixed bed cold storage unit” is understood to mean a device which contains a solid material suitable for cold storage and has fluid guidance means through this material.
  • Fixed bed cold storage units which are also referred to as regenerators in conventional air separation plants and are also used there for the separation of undesirable components such as water and / or carbon dioxide include, for example channeled concrete blocks (unusual in air separation plants), (stone) beds and / or fluted aluminum sheets and are in each of the streams to be cooled or heated
  • cold storage or "(fixed bed) cold storage unit” as opposed to “heat storage” or “heat storage unit” is used to express the difference in the operating temperature.
  • the fixed-bed cold storage unit is condensed in the context of the present invention for liquefaction and Adsorptively purified air to an air liquefaction product and its
  • the heat storage devices used in the present invention are always operated at significantly higher temperatures and serve to store in the adiabatic compression of the air generated (compression) heat.
  • a refrigeration or heat storage unit comprises one or more refrigeration or heat storage unit.
  • Heat storage with appropriate refrigeration and heat storage media The usable in one or more cold or heat storage refrigeration or
  • Thermal storage media depend on the configuration of the process.
  • Thermal storage and (fixed bed) cold storage are extensively described in the pertinent literature (see, for example, i.Dinger and M.A. Rosen, "Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications", Chichester, John Wiley & Sons 2002).
  • Suitable storage media are, for example, rock, concrete, brick, man-made ceramics or cast iron.
  • For lower storage temperatures are also suitable earth, gravel, sand or gravel.
  • Other storage media such as thermal oils or molten salts are known, for example, in the field of solar technology. In corresponding cold stores, it may prove to be particularly advantageous to provide the storage medium in an insulated container, which allows a lossless or almost lossless heat or cold storage.
  • Plate heat exchanger formed. Unlike one
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit not by delivery to or absorption of heat from a fixed bed, but indirectly to a or out of a countercurrent heat or cold carrier.
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit for use in the present invention are all known heat exchangers, such as plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers and the like.
  • a countercurrent heat exchange unit serves for the indirect transfer of heat between at least two countercurrent flows, for example a warm compressed air flow and one or more cold streams or a cryogenic air liquefaction product and one or more warm streams.
  • a counterflow heat exchange unit may be formed from a single or multiple heat exchanger sections connected in parallel and / or in series, for example one or more
  • a heat storage unit used in the context of the present invention may also comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger through which, for example, a suitable heat storage fluid, such as the mentioned thermal oil, flows through in countercurrent to a stream to be heated or cooled.
  • a suitable heat storage fluid such as the mentioned thermal oil
  • Process heat, solar heat, etc. transferred to the gaseous fluid to be heated and used to generate energy in a hot gas turbine.
  • pressure levels and temperature levels can be in disjoint areas or in areas that overlap one another.
  • pressure levels include unavoidable pressure drops or expected
  • Compressor to compress and by means of at least one adsorptive
  • the division can also be made on the basis of a suitable control, for example on the basis of an already stored in the respective heat storage devices amount of heat. In any case, by using the first and the second
  • the provision of additional cold is possible, for example, compensates for cold losses in a corresponding system, for example in a storage tank for receiving the air liquefaction product.
  • An evaporation product formed during the expansion can also be used as a regeneration gas, as explained below.
  • a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium is used in at least one of the heat storage devices.
  • Usable here Thermal storage media have been previously discussed. The use of a
  • the regeneration gas may be formed either from at least part of an evaporation product formed during the expansion of the liquefied air during the energy storage period or from at least part of the defrosting product during the energy recovery period.
  • the plant has means adapted to the formation of the
  • Relaxation device and a second expansion device to lead and to relax the pressure flow in each case, and upstream of the first
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in an energy storage period and an energy recovery period.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period.
  • Figure 4 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • Figure 5 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • Figures 6A and 6B show a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period.
  • FIG. 8 shows an air cleaning device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a compressor device with a regeneration gas preheating device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show an air cleaner in the
  • Air conditioning unit according to specific embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 11A-11C show plants in accordance with embodiments of the invention and illustrate details of an associated countercurrent heat exchange unit.
  • valves In the figures, a plurality of valves is shown, which are partially permeable and partially disabled. Locking valves are shown crossed in the figures. Fluid flows interrupted by valves with shut-off valves and correspondingly deactivated facilities are predominantly dashed
  • Gaseous or in supercritical state streams are with white (not filled) arrow triangles, liquid streams with black
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B a plant according to a particularly preferred embodiment is shown
  • the plant 100 comprises as central components an air conditioning unit 10, a fixed bed cold storage unit 20, a countercurrent heat exchange unit 30, a cold extraction unit 40, a liquid storage unit 50 and a
  • the stream a is sucked and compressed in the air conditioning unit 10 via a filter 11 by means of a compressor device 12, for example by means of a multi-stage, adiabatically operated axial compressor.
  • the compressed air is divided downstream of the compressor device 12 in the example shown in two sub-streams, each of which a heat storage device 131, 132 a
  • Heat storage unit 13 is supplied. The several times described
  • Heat storage devices 131, 132 may be operated, for example, using a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium, as also illustrated, for example, in the following Figures 4, 5, 6A and 6B.
  • the heat of compression or compressor waste heat generated in the compressor device 12 may be at least partially stored. Downstream of the heat storage unit 3 is the compressed and through the
  • Heat storage unit 13 guided a current a cooling device 14 and then fed to an air cleaner 15. Examples of corresponding
  • Cooling devices 14 and air cleaning devices 15 are illustrated in more detail inter alia in the following FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8.
  • the air purification device 15 it can be supplied with a regeneration gas flow k explained below, and a current I can be carried out therefrom.
  • stream j Downstream of the air cleaning device 15, a partial stream of the air of the stream a is taken as stream j, which is present at an (intermediate) pressure level of, for example, 5 to 20 bara.
  • This current j is subsequently also referred to as medium-pressure air flow
  • Air of the flow a not carried out as medium-pressure air flow j is further compressed in a further compressor device 16, for example an isothermally operated compressor device 16.
  • the compressor device 16 may be formed as a multi-stage axial compressor. Downstream of the compressor device 16, a post-cooling device 17 may be arranged. Air compressed in the compressor device 16 and cooled in the aftercooler 17 is provided as the mentioned high pressure air flow b.
  • the high-pressure air flow b and the medium-pressure air flow j through the air conditioning unit 10 are typically only in the
  • Energy storage period provided. In this energy storage period, the energy harvesting unit 60 is typically out of operation. Conversely, in the energy recovery period, typically only the energy harvesting unit 60, rather than the air conditioning unit 10, is in operation.
  • the high pressure air flow b is illustrated in FIG. 1A
  • the air of the partial streams c and d (HPAIR) is supplied to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 on the one hand and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the other hand at the already mentioned pressure level of the high pressure air stream b and liquefied respectively in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30.
  • the air of the corresponding liquefied streams e and f (HPLAIR) is combined into a collecting stream g.
  • the pressure level of the flows e, f and g corresponds essentially, ie, except for line and cooling losses, the pressure level of the high pressure air flow b.
  • the liquefied air of the stream g is expanded in the refrigeration unit 40, which may comprise, for example, a generator turbine 41.
  • the expanded air can be transferred, for example, into a separator tank 42, in the lower part of which a liquid phase separates and in the upper part of which there is a gas phase.
  • the liquid phase from the separator tank 42 may be withdrawn as stream h (LAIR) and transferred to the liquid storage unit 50, which may include, for example, one or more insulated storage tanks.
  • the pressure level of the current h is, for example, 1 to 16 bara.
  • the gas phase (flash) withdrawn from the upper part of the separator tank 42 as stream i can be passed countercurrent to the stream f through the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 and subsequently used in the air conditioning unit 10 in the form of the already mentioned stream k (LPAIR, reggas) as regeneration gas ,
  • the pressure level of the flow k is, for example, at atmospheric pressure to about 2 bara. Downstream is a corresponding current I
  • amb atmospheric pressure
  • the cold stored in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 is used to liquefy the air of the partial flow c.
  • the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is provided in which additional air, namely air of the substream d, can be liquefied in countercurrent to, for example, a cold stream i that can be obtained from relaxed and thereby vaporized air of the stream g.
  • additional air namely air of the substream d
  • countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 allows more flexible operation of the plant 100 than would be the case using only the fixed bed cold storage unit 20.
  • Medium pressure air flow j (MPAIR) provided.
  • MPAIR Medium pressure air flow j
  • the liquefied storage unit 50 liquefied air (LAIR) previously stored in the energy storage period, ie the air liquefaction product, is removed and pressure-increased by means of a pump 51.
  • a stream m (HPLAIR) thus obtained is passed through the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and thereby vaporized or transferred from the liquid to the supercritical state ("de-liquidified"). So it will be one
  • Liquefied product formed from which, as shown here completely, or even partially, a fluid flow is formed.
  • the current m is on a
  • the pressure flow n is thus a high pressure air flow.
  • the pressure flow n is illustrated in that in FIG. 1B
  • Relaxation device 62 which is also designed here as a generator turbine, further relaxed.
  • a correspondingly relaxed current o is present, for example, at atmospheric pressure (amb) and can be released into the environment.
  • the cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are arranged upstream of the compressor device 16 and downstream of the heat storage device 13, respectively.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a corresponding system in the energy storage period, which is not designated separately.
  • Cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are thus provided here in a region of higher pressure and can thus be made smaller. In the system shown in Figure 2 also no medium pressure air flow j is formed.
  • a regeneration gas flow k is provided in the energy storage period in which the air purification device 15 simultaneously has to provide a cleaning performance. Therefore, in appropriate systems, the air purification devices 15 must be formed inevitably operable with alternating adsorber, as also illustrated in Figure 8. On the other hand, provision of a regeneration gas flow k during the energy recovery period in which the air purification device 15 is not required in any case makes it possible to use only one adsorber vessel (see Figures 10A and 10B) and thus to design and operate a corresponding facility in a simpler and less costly manner.
  • the regeneration gas flow k can therefore also be located in the system in a corresponding system
  • the regeneration gas flow k can be combined again as stream I with the high-pressure air stream n.
  • Components such as water and carbon dioxide generally prove to be due to the temperatures present in the energy harvesting unit 60
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B has the advantage that less compressed air is lost.
  • Figure 4 is a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • the heat storage device is denoted here by 131 and 132, respectively.
  • the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 4 is designed as a fixed bed heat storage device 131, 132 and has a heat storage medium in the form of a fixed bed 1.
  • the fixed bed 1 is in a pressure vessel 2 with inlet and outlet 3 arranged and can be flowed through in this way by means of the compressor device 12 compressed air.
  • the pressure vessel 2 is surrounded by a thermal insulating layer 4.
  • FIG. 5 also illustrates a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention, and denotes 131 or 132 in total.
  • a fixed-bed heat storage medium can be arranged here in a container 5 which is illustrated only schematically, through which a heat transfer medium 6, which can be conveyed by means of a pump 7, flows.
  • Heat transfer from the compressed by means of the compressor device 12 air of the current a to the heat transfer fluid 6 can by means of a suitable
  • Heat exchanger 8 done.
  • the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 5 thus comprises an indirect heat transfer to the heat storage medium (not shown).
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b a heat storage device 131, 132, referred to as
  • Liquid heat storage device is formed in an energy storage period (Figure 6A) and an energy recovery period (Figure 6B) shown.
  • the heat storage fluid from the storage tank 72 is thereby conveyed by means of a pump 73 through the heat exchanger 71 and, appropriately heated, transferred in a further storage tank 74.
  • a stream to be heated in this case the high-pressure air stream n, is guided in the opposite direction to the stream a through the heat exchanger 71 and heated by means of a warm heat storage medium now also conveyed in the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 7A is a cooling device 14 for use in a
  • Air conditioning unit 10 as shown for example in the figures previously shown 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B is shown in detail.
  • the cooling device 14 may be arranged with a downstream of the heat storage unit 13 (see Figures 1A, 1B and 2) and downstream of the Nachkühl Sk 17 (see Figures 3A and 3B).
  • a corresponding current, designated here by r, is fed into a lower region of a direct contact cooler 141.
  • the current r corresponds to the previously in the
  • Compressor 12 compressed and the heat storage unit 13 cooled stream a In an upper region of the direct contact cooler 141, a water flow (H20), which is guided by means of a pump 142 through an (optional) cooling device 143, is introduced. Water can be withdrawn from a lower portion of the direct contact cooler 141. From the head of the direct contact cooler 141, a correspondingly cooled stream s is withdrawn, which can then be transferred into an air cleaning device 15 (compare FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates in detail an air-cleaning device 15 which is suitable in particular for use in an air-conditioning unit 10, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2.
  • Adsorber essenceer 151 which have, for example, molecular sieve be performed.
  • the current s corresponds to the current a treated as explained above.
  • the adsorber tanks 151 are in particular water and carbon dioxide from the
  • a corresponding received current t which for example in the case of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2 can correspond to the current b, is the device respectively arranged downstream thereof, for example the next compressor device (see FIGS. 1A and 1B)
  • the adsorber tank 151 not used in each case for purifying the stream s can be regenerated by means of the already explained regeneration gas stream k.
  • the Regeneriergasstrom k can initially an optional Regeneriergasvorsammlungeinnchtung 152 are fed, which is illustrated in an example in the following Figure 9. In a downstream
  • Regeneriergaslik evaluated 153, for example, electrically and / or with
  • the Regeneriergasstrom k is further heated and passed through the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated in each case. Downstream of the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated, a corresponding current I is present. The same applies if at the time shown no regeneration gas is needed, because in this case a corresponding current I is performed directly from the air purification device 5 (see stream I in the upper part of Figure 8).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of a regeneration gas preheating device 152 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Regeneriergasvorsammlungeinnchtung 152 may for example replace or supplement a Nachkühl adopted 17 and thus be disposed downstream of an air compressor 16. A warmed up due to a corresponding compression
  • Air flow can be passed through or past a heat exchanger 152a of the regeneration gas preheater 152 and thereby heat to a
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B show air cleaning devices 15 which are particularly suitable for the embodiments of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B or the air conditioning devices shown therein.
  • the energy storage period (FIG. 10A) and the energy recovery period (FIG. 10B) are illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, wherein a purification of a corresponding current s takes place in the energy storage period.
  • a corresponding adsorber 151 in such times ( Figure 10B) for regeneration available is a corresponding adsorber 151 in such times ( Figure 10B) for regeneration available.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B therefore has the particular advantage that only one corresponding adsorber tank 151 has to be provided, and not two, which are operated in alternating operation according to FIG.
  • Embodiments of the invention in each case in the energy storage period.
  • the plants correspond in this case with respect to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20, the
  • Refrigeration unit 40 the liquid storage unit 50 and the
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 are operated, for example, by means of a current u from the cold end to the warm end by one or more
  • Heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is guided.
  • Liquefaction process 32 implemented by means of its own, i. in addition to the air conditioning unit 10 provided, compressor is operated.
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit 10 a medium-pressure air flow j supplied and fed to the heat exchanger 31 at the hot end.
  • the current j can be removed from the heat exchanger 31 at an intermediate temperature and in a
  • High pressure air flow b or its partial flow d can also at a
  • the current i is supplied to the heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the cold side, taken at an intermediate temperature, with the medium-pressure air flow j, which is also up to one
  • FIGS. 11B and 11C are particularly suitable for use at different pressure levels

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour accumuler et récupérer de l'énergie, dans lequel, au cours d'une période d'accumulation d'énergie, on forme un produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR) et, au cours d'une période de récupération d'énergie, en utilisant au moins une partie du produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR) et sans apport de chaleur provenant d'une source de chaleur extérieure, on forme un courant sous pression et on le détend avec production de travail. Le procédé consiste, entre autres, pour la formation du produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR), à comprimer de l'air (AIR) dans une unité de conditionnement d'air (10), au moins au moyen d'un dispositif compresseur (12) travaillant en mode adiabatique, puis, en aval du dispositif compresseur (12) travaillant en mode adiabatique, à partir de l'air (AIR) comprimé dans ce dispositif, à former un premier et un second courant partiel et à faire passer le premier et le second courant partiel en parallèle à travers un premier dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (131) et un second accumulateur de chaleur (132), où la chaleur produite lors de la compression de l'air (AIR) est au moins en partie accumulée. Pour la formation du courant sous pression, on produit, entre autres à partir d'au moins une partie du produit de liquéfaction (LAIR), un produit de sortie de l'état liquide (HPAIR). Lors de la détente productrice de travail, le courant sous pression passe à travers un premier dispositif de détente (61) et un second dispositif de détente (62) et se détend dans chaque dispositif. En amont du premier dispositif de détente (61), la chaleur accumulée dans le premier dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (131) est transférée au courant sous pression et, en amont du second dispositif de détente (62), la chaleur accumulée dans le second dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (132) est transférée au courant sous pression. La présente invention concerne également une installation (100) correspondante.
EP15715164.8A 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie Withdrawn EP3129609A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102014005334 2014-04-11
EP14001926.6A EP2930318A1 (fr) 2014-04-11 2014-06-03 Procédé et installation de stockage et de récupération d'énergie
PCT/EP2015/000716 WO2015154862A1 (fr) 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie

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EP3347576B1 (fr) * 2015-09-08 2020-08-26 The Regents of the University of California Système de stockage d'énergie hybride à faible coût
DE102016114906A1 (de) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-15 Linde Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Speichern und Rückgewinnen von Energie
EP3508773A1 (fr) * 2018-01-08 2019-07-10 Cryostar SAS Procédé de fourniture de gaz sous pression aux consommateurs et agencement de compresseur correspondant à des conditions d'aspiration variables
US11305879B2 (en) * 2018-03-23 2022-04-19 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Propulsion system cooling control
DE102019201336A1 (de) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasverflüssigungsanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasverflüssigungsanlage
CN110239852B (zh) * 2019-05-08 2023-11-14 江苏科威环保技术有限公司 储油罐顶自封和双封组合系统
US20230358150A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2023-11-09 Energy Dome S.P.A. Plant and process for energy storage
WO2024037746A1 (fr) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 Phelas Gmbh Stockage d'énergie thermique, système et procédé

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PL1989400T5 (pl) 2006-02-27 2023-10-09 Highview Enterprises Limited Sposób magazynowania energii i układ magazynowania energii kriogenicznej
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CN106414914A (zh) 2017-02-15

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