WO2018184612A1 - Procédé et système d'installations permettant la conversion d'énergie au moyen de dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'installations permettant la conversion d'énergie au moyen de dioxyde de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184612A1
WO2018184612A1 PCT/DE2018/000074 DE2018000074W WO2018184612A1 WO 2018184612 A1 WO2018184612 A1 WO 2018184612A1 DE 2018000074 W DE2018000074 W DE 2018000074W WO 2018184612 A1 WO2018184612 A1 WO 2018184612A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
gas
containers
cold
carbon dioxide
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PCT/DE2018/000074
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2018184612A4 (fr
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Zhenhua Xi
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Zhenhua Xi
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Priority to CN201880006904.1A priority Critical patent/CN110392770B/zh
Publication of WO2018184612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184612A1/fr
Publication of WO2018184612A4 publication Critical patent/WO2018184612A4/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/24—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with fire tubes or flue ways traversing feed-water vessels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for the energy conversion of heat in work with carbon dioxide as the working medium.
  • Carbon dioxide can also be used for energy storage, especially near its triple point CO2 has a smaller volume per MWh compared to the compressed air in empty mines or
  • the present invention In comparison with the known state of the art, where the steady-state flow process is usually carried out continuously by means of working medium, the present invention normally operates transiently and batchwise in the C02 low-temperature range. Thus, common measuring devices, machines and materials can be used as needed for the invention. On the other hand, it is also known that intensive efforts are currently being made to find the cost-effective materials for the production of machines and equipment which can withstand high CO 2 pressure and simultaneously high CO 2 temperature. For example, construction of such a model for heat engines, in which carbon dioxide is high Energy density can relax. As you know, in the distance you are striving as you have since
  • C02-containing gas such as purified flue gas from coal-fired power plants or other incinerators, contains some C02 mass fraction, for example 15%.
  • Heat exchangers and sedimentation plants e.g. used in winter time. In addition to the condensed water and other condensates, it also produces a dried gas, in which the CO 2 content has risen to a desirable level.
  • C02 liquefaction It is preferably winter cold air used to bring the temperature of the above-mentioned step 1) treated flue gas below minus 30 ° C. Then it is to be compressed by a gas compressor to the CO 2 partial pressure in the flue gas well over 15 bar increase. Thus, carbon dioxide will largely separate from the flue gas liquid.
  • the deposited CO 2 liquid is first used for electricity generation and then sent to a CO 2 liquid tank of the plant system. Each such container should be completely filled with CO 2 liquid. The remainder of the flue gas remaining after CO 2 separation is also led to further use or treatment.
  • other CO 2 -containing fluids can also be used here as flue gas for CO 2 separation or liquefaction. And the process of CO 2 liquefaction in the heat engine plant will be described in detail in the following explanation of the drawing 7 and it may be combined with the CO 2 liquefaction present here.
  • Geothermal, solar heat and so other natural heat is heated in the containers fully bottled C02 liquid, the e.g. from the o.g. Step 2) can come out and possibly still be relocated before heating.
  • their temperature rises above the level of 30 ° C, so that their pressure under the isochoric condition reaches a corresponding height of 700 bar or even higher.
  • the temperature of C02 fluids can be further increased during their flow to the Wämekrafbnaschinen, for example by the heat from the solar thermal systems is used and possibly also the heat from combustion of C02 -neutral fuels in a combustion chamber.
  • the heated carbon dioxide with the high pressure from the above step 3) can be expanded in heat engines such as piston engines or turbines, for example, to generate the electricity.
  • heat engines such as piston engines or turbines, for example.
  • the strong CO 2 pressure fluctuations are sufficiently smoothed.
  • the expanded carbon dioxide using the cold from river water, cold air, or other natural coolants to liquefy again, and it may still be to compact.
  • the liquefied carbon dioxide is then filled back into the C02 container.
  • the process goes to the above-mentioned step 3), and an expanding CO 2 cycle can then be formed if necessary with the CO 2 mass flowing in, which can come continuously from the above-mentioned step 2).
  • the plant system contains several of the following five components: heat exchanger plant, sedimentation plant, C02 liquefaction plant, C02 thermal energy plant and C02 fluid storage facility.
  • the C02 fluid storage system called C02 storage facility for short, can in turn consist of two units of the C02 gas storage facility and the C02 fluid storage facility.
  • C02-containing gas eg purified flue gas
  • purified flue gas can come from sources such as coal-fired power plants.
  • the heat exchanger system is used, for example, in winter time. This results in cooled flue gas, which is alienated in the subsequent sedimentation by sedimentation and dried by further cooling, if necessary, it is still to filter through a dust filter.
  • you get a dried and more purified flue gas which is still largely cooled down and adequately compressed in the subsequent C02-Vermentssistorsstrom to separate carbon dioxide in the form of liquid from the flue gas.
  • This separated CO 2 liquid can first be used to generate electricity and then be stored in the tanks of the CO 2 liquid storage system.
  • the stored CO 2 liquid may need to be relocated in the future. In the coming summer time, it is then to be heated by the air heat, solar heat or other natural heat sources, or to heat them up at an earlier time by applicable heat sources such as waste heat, geothermal, combustion heat, etc., for example, the electricity by their relaxation in the Wämekrafmi machinery with generators to produce.
  • This gaseous carbon dioxide can then be stored in the C02 gas storage facility and reliquefied with the help of cold air in the coming winter, or in an earlier time it is by its cooling with the cold from river water or similar natural coolants again convert into the liquid phase.
  • this carbon dioxide is liquefied at a cold place and then transported to the warm place, where it is heated and then relaxed in the heat-Krafrniaschinen. After the relaxation, it is transported back to the cold place.
  • this local bridging may be horizontal or vertical, for example, between the Arctic and the equator it is referred to as a horizontal bridging or between the foot and the summit of the Everest Mountains as a vertical bridging.
  • the temporal and local bridging may be horizontal or vertical, for example, between the Arctic and the equator it is referred to as a horizontal bridging or between the foot and the summit of the Everest Mountains as a vertical bridging.
  • Bridging can also be done in a combined way. Last but not least is the utilization of the temperature gradient between air and river water in one place and in one day.
  • Coal power plants or other incinerators already cleaned and provided with a high temperature Normally, it is released through a tall chimney into the air atmosphere, but now diverted to a heat exchanger of the plant. It flows in fact via the import of gas (1) in the metal line (5) of the heat exchanger.
  • the pipe in a round or flat shape is placed inside a reinforced concrete tank from top to bottom, for example, in a spiral or rectilinear manner.
  • Reinforced concrete container itself is partly on its outer wall, for example, with Thermal insulation material thermally insulated.
  • the flue gas flows from the top down through the export of gas (2) from the plant out.
  • the cold water flows from the top via the import of cold water (3) through a line in the bottom of the container, and then it flows along or cross the pipe outer surface from bottom to top, eventually overflows it as heating water on the export of heating water (4 ) out of the container.
  • the water condensed there also flows to the subsequent sedimentation plant.
  • a heat exchanger system should consist of two such
  • the heat exchanger (10) serves here for the further cooling of the flue gas, e.g. using the winter cold air. As a result, it is largely dried and then flows through the check valve (9) on the export of gas (8) out to the subsequent C02 liquefaction plant. If necessary, it can also be installed by a yet to be installed
  • Gas fan can be fed out of the container, and in front of the check valve (9), if necessary, install a dust filter to filter large and light particles from the flue gas.
  • a sedimentation plant should consist of two such reinforced concrete tanks.
  • Gas compression plant or from the heating water or other usable heat obtained in the heat exchanger system After that they will each have one or more
  • Heat engines with electric generators e.g. Piston engine or turbine, relaxed to the lowest possible pressure.
  • the CO 2 fluid is depressurized, for example, to a pressure of 15 bar and then passed into a container of the CO 2 liquid storage system and stored there.
  • the residual gas is analogous, e.g. to relax it to 1 bar.
  • the relaxed residual gas can then be released into the air atmosphere, or used for other uses, e.g. half of the cold created by relaxation and by the appropriate techniques, e.g. Linde method to separate the oxygen and nitrogen from the residual gas.
  • Heat recovery machines bring back by the relaxation of previously stored in the containers and still to be heated C02 liquid in the coming
  • CO 2 liquid flows through the import for CO 2 liquid (11) through the check valve (13) into the previously evacuated container, which may be an externally insulated heat-insulated reinforced concrete container. It is, if necessary, pumped by pump (12), otherwise it flows through a not shown in the drawing switchable bypass next to the pump (12) to the check valve (13).
  • the container can be internally equipped with a heat exchanger (16) for heat transfer to the outside and has an export for CO 2 liquid (14) with check valve (15), and has at least oneshoreexit not shown in the drawing. It automatically lets C02 liquid flow out of the container if its pressure in the container exceeds a certain level, for example, 70 bar.
  • CO 2 liquid containers there may be several such CO 2 liquid containers that can be connected to each other via valves and all of them together form the CO 2 liquid storage system.
  • the heat exchanger (16) of such containers can be implemented with different levels of heat transfer performance.
  • the heat exchangers of those vessels require very high heat transfer performance, from which CO 2 fluid is delivered directly to CO 2 flow to the heat engines.
  • the other heat exchangers can be provided with low heat transfer performance, especially if their heat transfer is for a long time, e.g. for several months from winter to summer.
  • C02 gas flows via the import of C02 gas (17) through check valve (19) into the previously evacuated container, which is eg a heat-insulated reinforced concrete container on the outside and built in combination with C02 liquid containers can be. It is, if necessary, required by the fan (18), otherwise it flows via a not shown in the drawing switchable bypass next to the fan (18) to the check valve (19).
  • the container may be equipped with a heat exchanger (22) for heat transfer to the outside and has an export of C02 gas (20) with check valve (21), and has at least oneshoreexit not shown in the drawing. It automatically lets C02 gas flow out of the tank if its pressure in the tank exceeds a certain pressure level of, for example, 5 bar.
  • CO 2 gas tanks There may be several such CO 2 gas tanks that can be connected to each other via valves and all of them together form the CO 2 gas storage facility.
  • Operating tank L or R links a container group of L 1, L2, ... Ln or Rl, R2, ..., Rm via their switches.
  • the containers of the two groups of containers are each connected to the heat and cooling source systems also via their but other switches.
  • Also connected are the two operating vessels L and R and the two connected to the heat exchanger with the heat and cooling source systems, but for clarity, the connecting lines and the corresponding switches are not shown in the drawing.
  • All containers are e.g. thermally insulated with thermal insulation material from the outside, inside they are each equipped with heat exchangers for heat transfer to the outside.
  • the service tanks are different from other vessels in that their heat transfer performance is higher and their strength is greater than the others.
  • the right-sided containers are evacuated, but the left side filled with C02-fluid, the has a high pressure and a certain high temperature.
  • the strained C02 fluid in the service tank L flows to the heat engines of the group via the left heat exchanger, where it is reheated. In the heat engines, it relaxes for energy conversion to a lower pressure with an associated lower temperature. These two quantities are referred to below as relaxation pressure or relaxation temperature.
  • the expanded carbon dioxide is cooled to the right via the heat exchanger, and flows on to the right-side operating tank R.
  • the containers LI, L2, ..., Ln will sequentially supply their C02 fluids to the service vessel L, during their delivery time the C02 fluids in the vessels are each heated via their own heat exchangers.
  • This heating process is called as a process of heating to be filled or heated to relax (See claim 1).
  • the container in question is closed, and after its switching is switched its heat exchanger, namely locking the
  • This cooling process ends when it reaches the temperature of a preselected coolant. And it is called a process or process of cooling for filling. (See claim 1). This process of cooling for filling occurs at certain intervals sooner or later for each left side container of LI, L2, Ln.
  • the right-side operating container R receives the expanded carbon dioxide with a cooling process through its heat exchanger.
  • the cooled carbon dioxide then flows further into the tanks R1, R2, ..., Rm in succession or in parallel, where it is further cooled by them for its liquefaction via the respective heat exchanger.
  • the necessary cold comes from the connected cooling sources.
  • CO 2 fluid then flows in the reverse direction, namely from the right side to the left side containers.
  • the CO 2 delivery processes on the right then take place analogously to the previous delivery processes on the left.
  • the left-side containers L, LI, L2, Ln still have residual carbon dioxide, which after cooling already has a lower pressure than the expansion pressure. Because of this, the processes of C02 fillings, cooling and heating take place analogously to the previous processes in the containers on the right. Sooner or later C02 fluids reach the thermodynamic state at the start of the plant.
  • the structure to the left and right of the Wännel Afteiaschinentik looks similar.
  • the C02 flow direction alternates at certain intervals constantly left to right and vice versa.
  • the processes of C02 heating and cooling or C02 deliveries and fillings alternate in the mutual CO 2 containers, which accordingly have to change between two states of open and closed.
  • these processes do not proceed continuously in the individual containers, but in a batch manner with some randomness for batch start and duration. Therefore, the C02 process is not a stationary flow process, but is a transient ping-pong flow process between the left and right sides of the thermal force group. In the following implementation example, this process will be described in detail with concrete numerical values.
  • due to the flexible design of the heating, cooling and storage functions of the C02 container the problem of discrepancy of the slow heat transfer from heat exchangers over the fast operation of heat engines is resolved.
  • Heat engines Piston engines or turbines with electric generators are used in different C02 operating pressure ranges with an upper limit of 700 bar and in the C02 temperature range between minus 70 ° C and plus 150 ° C.
  • the upper limit of 700 bar is determined by the strength of the C02 containers, here C02 liquid can reach a much higher pressure than 700 bar when heated up to 150 ° C in a fully filled container, such as 2000 bar. Therefore, if necessary, it is possible to build an operating tank with harder materials, which can withstand, for example, a higher CO 2 pressure of 1327 bar and at the same time the CO 2 temperature of 80 ° C.
  • the CO 2 depressurization pressure is based on the ambient temperature, e.g. River water temperature, or after the objective for the production of refrigeration or electricity.
  • Heat engines are used in the temperature range between 20 and 150 degrees Celsius so that if possible no fossil fuels need to be used for CO 2 heating and at the same time still a large amount of natural heat energy can be converted into work economically efficient.
  • Gas compression systems for flue gas or C02 gas compressions usually operate in the pressure range with an upper limit of 400 bar or 20 bar, which does not challenge the current technological state of gas compression systems.
  • MMS membrane gas separation
  • PSA pressure swing adsorption
  • Measuring instruments for pressure, temperature, mass flow, etc. are normal devices that do not usually require high precision, i.e. fault tolerance can well be in the range of tenths of units of bar, degrees, cubic meters per minute and so forth. lie.
  • a reinforced concrete channel can be used for C02 gas transport, which has to withstand a pressure of up to 5 bar.
  • a C02 fluid pipeline can be built to withstand C02 pressures up to 30 bar.
  • the site selection for implementation is somewhat limited by the climatic conditions in that no C02 transport system is used between the hot and cold locations.
  • a good location as an example is Haerbin City, the provincial capital of Helongjiang VR. China.
  • the air temperature in winter reaches minus 35 ° C, and in summer it exceeds plus 30 ° C.
  • C02 sources such as coal-fired power plants.
  • carbon dioxide can be separated from flue gas on-site and then transported through a CO 2 liquid pipeline to a remote CO 2 liquid storage facility.
  • the C02 storage facility should be built where possible, where there is little, for example, in the deserts.
  • the construction of such storage facilities can also combat the progressing desertification.
  • the C02 storage facility can be built in modules, from small to large, to a system size that can meet the local energy needs, provided that there is a sufficiently large amount of C02 available stands.
  • C02 Cost of Equivalently priced
  • the city of Haerbin one can now expect a newly available quantity of C02 of approximately 2.58 million tons per year. This requires about 3.30 million cubic meters of the total volume of reinforced concrete tanks for storing C02 fluid, which has a density of 782.6 kilograms per cubic meter. With 17500 cubic meters per container you have to build 189 containers.
  • the city of Haerbin needs as an example about a total electric power of 2 GW from coal power plants for civilian use. There they consume about 6.41 million tonnes of standard coal per year, producing about 20.61 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. With a C02 deposition rate of 75% from the flue gas, approximately 1.46 million tonnes of pure carbon dioxide could be produced each year, but within two months of winter, with the air temperature below minus 30 ° C, only 2.58 million tonnes could be liquefied there. After CO 2 liquefaction, the city of Haerbin must route the C02 fluid to a remote and low-level C02 fluid storage facility.
  • Reinforced concrete tank is very high. And in the following 9 comments, especially the 4th note explains how to reduce this pressure level without reducing the electrical power.
  • the strained C02 fluid flows from the left operating tank L via the left heat exchanger, where it is reheated, and then on to the heat engines of the group, where it relaxes to a pressure of 60 bar.
  • the expanded CO 2 fluid is cooled via the right heat exchanger, and then flows into the right operating tank R.
  • carbon dioxide in the L will receive the heat via its heat exchanger from the heat source plant so that the C02 temperature in the L can rise above the level of 80 ° C.
  • the C02 operating pressure drops there. With the sinking to near 70 bar C02 fluid is then supplied to him from the container LI.
  • a left side C02 cooling process starts in each case in the containers LI, L2, ..., Ln successively or in parallel, as soon as they are each closed and then the respective heat exchangers are switched from heating to cooling.
  • the C02 cooling process in each left side tank ends when the residual carbon dioxide there reaches the coolant temperature, eg 20 ° C.
  • the cold comes here via the respective heat exchanger of the container from the cold source system.
  • the service tank R receives the expanded C02 fluid through a cooling process using its heat exchanger. Subsequently, the cooled CO 2 fluid flows to the container R 1, which begins to receive it also by a cooling process with the aid of its heat exchanger.
  • Rl is automatically closed with a check valve for Rl not shown in the drawing, and thus, at the same time or just before, it begins to fill R2 with carbon dioxide from R. And so continuing, it runs to the last right-side tank Rm.
  • an operating tank consists of two sub-tanks, one for heating and delivery, another for cooling and receiving.
  • the analogous applies to the heat engine group and the two heat exchangers next to it.
  • Refrigeration source systems for the heat exchangers All containers L, LI, L2, ..., Ln and R, Rl, R2, ..., Rm are then under the same control and control of the program.
  • an operating container fixed for C02 deliveries or C02-receiving be recognized, and analogously, this applies to the two heat exchangers next to them for C02 cooling or C02 heating.
  • a heat exchanger fixedly attached to CO 2 cooling can also be combined with the receiving operating tank.
  • this may cause a container, except for the service vessels, to be stopped during its CO 2 delivery process from supplying it with further CO 2 fluids for the CO 2 delivering service vessel, if its heat exchanger is the CO 2 supply Heat to maintain certain C02 temperature level in it, eg 80 ° C in
  • CO 2 fluid is instead supplied from another CO 2 container with appropriate CO 2 temperature and C02 pressure for the CO 2 delivering operation vessel, in the
  • Implementation example means that C02 temperature there is higher or equal to 80 ° C and at the same time CO 2 pressure higher than 70 bar.
  • a single CO 2 tank need not necessarily have sufficient heat transfer capacity for CO 2 heating and CO 2 cooling in the tank except for the service tanks.
  • the implementation example of the city of Haerbin has, as stated above, a C02 mass amount which is sufficient for a 10-day single-sided CO 2 delivery for relaxation in the heat treatment machines.
  • All shortest duration would be 24 hours, then usually there is at least one early morning with the lowest ambient temperature in one day for the purpose of CO2 cooling.
  • Recognizable containers which results in a temporal bridging, namely a time shift thereby realized for the purpose of CO 2 cooling from the CO 2 reception time in the operating vessel at a later time in another C02 container, such. here the coming early morning.
  • a local bridging of the temperature difference between hot and cold places can be achieved by a C02 transport system such as e.g.
  • the C02 gas is either stored and later liquefied, or adequately compressed by a driven with the generated electricity gas compressor and at the same time with the cold from river water or similar natural coolants again converted into the liquid phase.
  • Compaction heat can be reused for CO 2 heating for electricity generation.
  • the operating pressures for example between 342 and 70 bar, are to be homogenized in the implementation example, ie to smooth the operating pressure fluctuations between them, then for the different CO 2 streams with different CO 2 pressure levels before the CO 2 Entering the Waste Machine Group to set up a C02 mixing apparatus consisting mainly of nozzles and diffusers. Or another method for this should be to first adequately divide a large operating pressure range into a plurality of smaller operating pressure ranges, and then use different thermal power machines for these different smaller operating pressure ranges accordingly. Of course it is also possible to use these two methods combined. However, a very different possible method is the use of a backpressure turbine with multi-pressure flows, if the C02 density before the C02 entry into the
  • Heat engines in a suitable subcritical area e.g. less than 60 bar and higher than 80 ° C.
  • the operating temperature of 80 ° C assumed in the implementation example results in that heat of the lower temperature for heating C02 can be used as the first heating stage.
  • the hot ambient air in summer heats carbon dioxide to 30 ° C or even higher. Is however the
  • Enthalpy gradient of about 36 kJ / kg can be achieved. This is much higher than 21 kJ / kg in the example, but it would have to accomplish a temporal or local bridging between plus 30 ° C and minus 30 ° C. In addition, one should use the heat from solar thermal systems, it is sufficient to achieve the
  • the tensioned C02 mass can only be taken from the specific upper part of the usable operating pressure range.
  • the enthalpy gradient can be increased by about 10%.
  • a higher enthalpy gradient can also be achieved.
  • more C02 mass or firmer operating container etc. must be provided for the two options.
  • the city of Haerbin can be eight with the o.g. 9 comments various extensions and modifications. If you increase, for example, the operating temperature of 80 ° C to 100 ° C, the enthalpy gradient of 21 kJ / kg in the example rises to about 42 kJ / kg. Similarly, it rises to about 35 kJ / kg when the
  • Coolant temperature as the river water temperature has a height of 5 ° C instead of the assumed in the example height of 20 ° C. Accordingly, there is a tremendous potential here to increase the enthalpy gradient to about 118 kJ / kg, if the operating temperature can be changed to 150 ° C and the coolant temperature to minus 30 ° C. However, this change is achievable by temporal or local bridging. For example, if one is able to raise the funds for building a large C02 gas storage facility, then a time shift from summer to winter can be realized by bridging the time. This generates much more electricity and more

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Abstract

1. La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système d'installations permettant la conversion d'énergie au moyen de dioxyde de carbone. 2.1 Le dioxyde de carbone présente une capacité thermique inférieure à la capacité thermique de l'eau. Cependant, au niveau de sa zone critique et de sa densité d'énergie, les matériaux utilisés doivent résister à une pression élevée et à une température élevée. En raison de son point critique bas, le dioxyde de carbone peut être utilisé efficacement pour convertir l'énergie de la chaleur naturelle en travail. 2.2 À cet effet, une grande quantité de CO2 est transférée dans un récipient et ledit CO2 est chauffée avec de la chaleur tel que, par exemple la chaleur climatique. Cela permet de créer une base de détente du CO2 dans les moteurs thermiques. Avant la détente, des variations de pression du CO2 sont lissées et les fluides du CO2, lors de leur écoulement vers les moteurs thermiques, sont encore chauffés. Après la détente, lesdits fluides du CO2 sont liquéfiés, par exemple à l'aide du froid climatique. Pour obtenir du froid ou de la chaleur climatiques, un pontage local ou temporel, à l'aide d'un système de transport du CO2 ou d'une installation de stockage du CO2, est nécessaire. L'installation de stockage du CO2 présente en outre, en plus de la fonction de stockage, des fonctions de chauffage et de refroidissement adaptées à la performance des moteurs thermiques. Le problème du transfert de chaleur plus lent des échangeurs de chaleur, par rapport au fonctionnement rapide des moteurs thermiques, est ainsi remédié. En outre, les processus de CO2 dans les récipients de l'installation de stockage du CO2, tels que le transfert de chaleur, ne s'effectuent pas de manière continu mais par lots. Par conséquent, le processus de circulation du CO2 dans l'installation de moteurs thermiques de CO2 est un processus d'écoulement non stationnaire. 2.3 Les problèmes de changement climatique et de déficit énergétique peuvent être résolus de manière économiquement efficace et, si nécessaire, il est possible de lutter contre la désertification.
PCT/DE2018/000074 2017-04-04 2018-03-24 Procédé et système d'installations permettant la conversion d'énergie au moyen de dioxyde de carbone WO2018184612A1 (fr)

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CN201880006904.1A CN110392770B (zh) 2017-04-04 2018-03-24 利用二氧化碳进行能量转换的方法和设备系统

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CN114109524A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-03-01 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 基于二氧化碳卡诺电池的冷-热-电-水联供系统及运行方法
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