WO2015154862A1 - Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015154862A1
WO2015154862A1 PCT/EP2015/000716 EP2015000716W WO2015154862A1 WO 2015154862 A1 WO2015154862 A1 WO 2015154862A1 EP 2015000716 W EP2015000716 W EP 2015000716W WO 2015154862 A1 WO2015154862 A1 WO 2015154862A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
heat
heat storage
pressure
unit
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PCT/EP2015/000716
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Alekseev
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP15715164.8A priority Critical patent/EP3129609A1/fr
Priority to CN201580028433.0A priority patent/CN106414914A/zh
Priority to US15/301,861 priority patent/US20170175585A1/en
Publication of WO2015154862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015154862A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for storing and recovering energy, in particular electrical energy, according to the
  • DE 31 39 567 A1 and EP 1 989 400 A1 disclose liquid air or liquid nitrogen, ie cryogenic air liquefaction products, for
  • the air liquefaction product is stored in a tank system with cryogenic tanks. This mode of operation takes place in a period of time, here as
  • the air liquefaction product is withdrawn from the tank system, pressure increased by a pump and warmed to about ambient temperature or higher and thus converted to a gaseous or supercritical state.
  • a pressure flow obtained in this way is involved in an energy recovery unit in an expansion turbine or in several expansion turbines
  • Energy recovery unit converted into electrical energy and fed into an electrical grid. This mode of operation takes place in a period of time, here as
  • the released during the transfer of the air liquefaction product in the gaseous or supercritical state during the energy recovery period Cold can be stored and used during the energy storage period to provide refrigeration to recover the air liquefaction product.
  • compressed air storage power plants in which the air is not liquefied, but compressed in a compressor and stored in an underground cavern.
  • the compressed air from the cavern is directed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the gas turbine is supplied via a gas line fuel, such as natural gas, and burned in the atmosphere formed by the compressed air.
  • the formed exhaust gas is expanded in the gas turbine, thereby generating energy.
  • the present invention is to be distinguished from methods and apparatus in which an oxygen-rich fluid is introduced to promote oxidation reactions in a gas turbine.
  • Corresponding methods and devices basically work with air liquefaction products which (significantly) more than 40
  • the economics of such methods and devices are greatly affected by the overall efficiency.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve corresponding methods and devices in this regard.
  • the present invention proposes a method and a system for storing and recovering energy, in particular electrical energy, with the features of the respective independent patent claims.
  • a “power generation unit” is understood here to mean a plant or a plant part which is or is set up for generating electrical energy.
  • a Energy generating unit includes in the context of the present invention, at least two expansion turbines, which are advantageously coupled to at least one electric generator. One with at least one electric
  • Generator coupled relaxation machine is also referred to as a "generator turbine”.
  • the released during the relaxation of a fluid in an expansion turbine or generator turbine mechanical power can in the
  • Energy recovery unit are converted into electrical energy.
  • Expansion turbines or energy converters such as oil brakes, generators or compressor stages can be coupled, is set up to relax a supercritical, gaseous or at least partially liquid stream.
  • expansion turbines may be used in the present invention as
  • Turboexpander be formed. If one or more expansion turbines designed as turboexpanders are coupled with only one or more compressor stages, for example in the form of centrifugal compressor stages, and if necessary mechanically braked, they are without external, for example by means of a
  • booster turbine compresses at least one current by the relaxation of at least one other current, but without external, for example by means of an electric motor, supplied energy.
  • a “gas turbine unit” is understood to mean an arrangement of at least one combustion chamber and at least one of these downstream expansion turbines (the gas turbine in the narrower sense). In the latter, hot gases are released from the combustion chamber to perform work.
  • a gas turbine engine further includes at least one compressor stage driven by the expansion turbine via a common shaft, typically at least one axial compressor stage. A part of the mechanical energy generated in the expansion turbine is usually used to drive the at least one
  • Compressor stage used. Another part is used regularly to generate
  • a "combustion turbine unit” has only the mentioned combustion chamber and a downstream expansion turbine.
  • a compressor is usually not provided.
  • a "hot gas turbine unit” in contrast to a gas turbine unit instead of a combustion chamber on a heater.
  • a hot gas turbine unit may be formed in one stage with a heater and an expansion turbine. Alternatively, several can
  • Expansion turbines preferably with intermediate heating, be provided.
  • a further heater may be provided downstream of the "last" expansion turbine.
  • the hot gas turbine is also preferably coupled to one or more generators for generating electrical energy.
  • a “compressor device” is understood here to mean a device which is capable of compressing at least one gaseous stream of at least one
  • Inlet pressure at which it is supplied to the compressor device is adapted to at least one final pressure at which this is taken from the compressor device.
  • the compressor device thereby forms a structural unit, which, however, can have a plurality of individual “compressors” or “compressor stages” in the form of known piston, screw and / or paddle wheel or turbine arrangements (ie radial or axial compressor stages). In particular, these are
  • Compressor stages by means of a common drive, for example via a common shaft or a common electric motor driven.
  • a common drive for example via a common shaft or a common electric motor driven.
  • compressors e.g. Compressor in an inventively used
  • Air conditioning unit can together one or more
  • an "air conditioning unit” comprises at least one adiabatically operated compressor device and at least one adsorptive air purification device.
  • Adsorptive air cleaners are well known in the art of air separation.
  • adsorptive Air purification devices are guided one or more air streams through one or more adsorber, which are filled with a suitable adsorption material, such as molecular sieve.
  • the present invention comprises at least the liquefaction of air to an air liquefaction product.
  • the devices used for this purpose can also be summarized under the term "air treatment unit". This is understood in the parlance of the present application, a system which is adapted to recover at least one air liquefaction product from air. Sufficient for an air treatment unit for use in the present
  • Air liquefaction product can be obtained, which can be used as a storage liquid and transferred to a tank system.
  • An "air separation plant” is charged with atmospheric air and has a distillation column system for decomposing the atmospheric air into its physical components, particularly nitrogen and oxygen. For this purpose, the air is first cooled to near its dew point and then introduced into the distillation column system.
  • an "air liquefaction plant” does not include
  • Air separation plant with the delivery of an air liquefaction product.
  • air liquefaction product is any product that can be produced, at least by compressing, cooling, and then deflating air in the form of a cryogenic liquid. In particular, it can be at a
  • liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in each case also designate a cryogenic liquid which has oxygen or nitrogen in an amount which is above that of atmospheric air. It does not necessarily have to be pure liquids with high contents of oxygen or nitrogen. Under liquid nitrogen is thus understood as pure or substantially pure nitrogen, as well as a mixture of liquefied air gases, its nitrogen content higher than that of the atmospheric air. For example, it has a nitrogen content of at least 90, preferably at least 99 mole percent.
  • Phase transition occurs in the true sense. This is also referred to as "pseudoevaporating". At subcritical pressure, there is a phase transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, ie a conventional "evaporation". In the context of the present application, a liquefaction therefore comprises both evaporation and pseudo-vaporization. After liquefaction, whether from the gaseous or supercritical state, there is always a liquid. Both cases are therefore covered by the term "liquefaction”.
  • Air liquefaction product, electricity, etc. is understood to mean a liquid medium whose boiling point is significantly below the respective ambient temperature and, for example, 200 K or less, in particular 220 K or less.
  • Examples are liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, etc.
  • a "fixed bed cold storage unit” is understood to mean a device which contains a solid material suitable for cold storage and has fluid guidance means through this material.
  • Fixed bed cold storage units which are also referred to as regenerators in conventional air separation plants and are also used there for the separation of undesirable components such as water and / or carbon dioxide include, for example channeled concrete blocks (unusual in air separation plants), (stone) beds and / or fluted aluminum sheets and are in each of the streams to be cooled or heated
  • cold storage or "(fixed bed) cold storage unit” as opposed to “heat storage” or “heat storage unit” is used to express the difference in the operating temperature.
  • the fixed-bed cold storage unit is condensed in the context of the present invention for liquefaction and Adsorptively purified air to an air liquefaction product and its
  • the heat storage devices used in the present invention are always operated at significantly higher temperatures and serve to store in the adiabatic compression of the air generated (compression) heat.
  • a refrigeration or heat storage unit comprises one or more refrigeration or heat storage unit.
  • Heat storage with appropriate refrigeration and heat storage media The usable in one or more cold or heat storage refrigeration or
  • Thermal storage media depend on the configuration of the process.
  • Thermal storage and (fixed bed) cold storage are extensively described in the pertinent literature (see, for example, i.Dinger and M.A. Rosen, "Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications", Chichester, John Wiley & Sons 2002).
  • Suitable storage media are, for example, rock, concrete, brick, man-made ceramics or cast iron.
  • For lower storage temperatures are also suitable earth, gravel, sand or gravel.
  • Other storage media such as thermal oils or molten salts are known, for example, in the field of solar technology. In corresponding cold stores, it may prove to be particularly advantageous to provide the storage medium in an insulated container, which allows a lossless or almost lossless heat or cold storage.
  • a "countercurrent heat exchange unit” is one or more countercurrent heat exchangers, such as one or more
  • Plate heat exchanger formed. Unlike one
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit not by delivery to or absorption of heat from a fixed bed, but indirectly to a or out of a countercurrent heat or cold carrier.
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit for use in the present invention are all known heat exchangers, such as plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers and the like.
  • a countercurrent heat exchange unit serves for the indirect transfer of heat between at least two countercurrent flows, for example a warm compressed air flow and one or more cold streams or a cryogenic air liquefaction product and one or more warm streams.
  • a counterflow heat exchange unit may be formed from a single or multiple heat exchanger sections connected in parallel and / or in series, for example one or more
  • heat exchanger blocks Is here below a "heat exchanger” the speech, this can be understood as a countercurrent heat exchanger or another heat exchanger.
  • a heat storage unit used in the context of the present invention may also comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger through which, for example, a suitable heat storage fluid, such as the mentioned thermal oil, flows through in countercurrent to a stream to be heated or cooled.
  • a suitable heat storage fluid such as the mentioned thermal oil
  • Heat storage fluid which forms the heat storage medium here, can be provided for example in a double or multiple tank arrangement, as also explained in more detail below.
  • a “heater” is understood to mean a system for indirect heat exchange between a heating fluid and a gaseous fluid to be heated. By means of such a heater, residual heat, waste heat,
  • Process heat, solar heat, etc. transferred to the gaseous fluid to be heated and used to generate energy in a hot gas turbine.
  • pressure levels and temperature levels can be in disjoint areas or in areas that overlap one another.
  • pressure levels include unavoidable pressure drops or expected
  • the invention proposes a method for storing and recovering energy in which an air liquefaction product is formed in an energy storage period and in an energy recovery period using at least part of the air liquefaction product without heat supply from an external energy source
  • Air liquefaction product is any liquid product which can be produced by compression and cryogenic cooling of air.
  • the present invention will be described below with particular reference to liquid air as
  • Air liquefaction products in particular oxygen-containing air liquefaction products.
  • an oxygen-containing fluid is advantageously used
  • energy storage period and energy recovery period have already been mentioned. These are understood in particular as periods that do not overlap one another. This means that the following for the
  • Energy storage period described measures are typically not performed during the energy recovery period and vice versa. However, it may also be provided, for example, to carry out at least a portion of the measures described for the energy storage period at the same time as the measures described for the energy recovery period, for example in order to ensure greater continuity of operation during a further period
  • the energy storage period and the energy recovery period each correspond to an operating or process mode of a corresponding system or a corresponding method.
  • the present invention comprises, for forming the air liquefaction product, air in an air conditioning unit operated at least by adiabatic
  • Compressor to compress and by means of at least one adsorptive
  • a first and a second partial flow are formed from the compressed air in this.
  • the partial flows are conducted in parallel through a first heat storage device and a second heat storage device. In this way, heat generated in the compression of the air is at least partly stored in the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device and is available for subsequent heating.
  • the compressed and adsorptively purified air is downstream of the air conditioning unit and optionally after a further (for example isothermal) compression in this, starting from a temperature level in a range of 0 to 50 ° C to a first portion in a fixed bed cold storage unit and a second portion in a countercurrent heat exchange unit at a condensing pressure level in a range of 40 to 100 bara liquefied.
  • the liquefied air is subsequently expanded in at least one refrigeration unit.
  • the de-condensation product can be used directly or after further pressure and / or temperature-influencing measures as the pressure flow.
  • the Enttenungseck can be divided to form the pressure flow, for example, in two or more streams, one of which is used as a pressure stream and / or the Enttenungseck can this be combined with one or more further streams. It is further provided to guide the pressure flow in the work-performing expansion by a first expansion device and a second expansion device and thereby to relax the pressure flow, and to transfer heat stored upstream of the first expansion device in the first heat storage device to the pressure flow and upstream of the second
  • first and second relaxation device can also be provided more relaxation facilities
  • the relaxation can thus be at least two stages, but also, for example, three and more stages. Special advantages, however, arise if only exactly two
  • Type air conditioner The two- or multi-stage relaxation of the pressure flow in the
  • Energy recovery period is advantageous because the pressure stream to be relaxed is at a high pressure level, typically greater than 40 bara, and especially in the supercritical state. It would therefore be technically very complicated, the relaxation of this high pressure level down to about
  • adiabatically operable compressor devices are typically not available for the total pressure to be generated in the air conditioning unit used in the present invention, but only for generating pressure levels less than 20 bara from atmospheric pressure. These are typically components that are also used in compression stages of gas turbines. For higher pressure levels, for example for the compression of 10 to 20 bara to 40 to 60 bara, no adiabatically operable compressor are available. Compressors for correspondingly high pressures are set up for (quasi-) isothermal operation, so that sufficient heat can not be obtained here.
  • the method according to the invention therefore comprises; in the air conditioning unit, downstream of an adiabatically operated compressor device, to form a first partial flow and a second partial flow from the compressed air in this compressor device and to guide the first and the second partial flow in parallel through the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device.
  • the "parallel" guiding of the partial flows need not necessarily comprise a division of the compressed air into partial flows with the same volume flow. Rather, it is also possible to divide the air "asymmetrically", for example, in one of
  • Heat storage devices to store a larger amount of heat
  • the division can also be made on the basis of a suitable control, for example on the basis of an already stored in the respective heat storage devices amount of heat. In any case, by using the first and the second
  • Heating the pressure flow in the energy recovery period upstream of the two relaxation facilities are available.
  • the addressed adiabatic compressor device is advantageously one of at least two compressor devices in the air conditioning unit, which is operated at a correspondingly low pressure level, for example 20 bara or less, or the air from
  • Atmospheric pressure is compressed to a correspondingly low pressure level.
  • this compressor device is the first in a series of serially arranged compressor devices.
  • An essential aspect of the present invention is therefore also the use of an adiabatically operated, "heat-generating" compressor device.
  • One or more further compressor devices in particular compressor devices for higher pressure levels, however, can be operated isothermally. Overall, it can be reduced by the present invention, the number of hardware components, resulting in lower cost and maintenance and easier operation of the entire system.
  • Air conditioning unit compressed to a corresponding pressure level which may be at low or supercritical pressure.
  • Air conditioning unit compressed to a corresponding pressure level which may be at low or supercritical pressure.
  • the feed is thus advantageously carried out at ambient temperature, which allows a particularly advantageous operation of the fixed bed cold storage unit. This can be made possible in particular by the fact that in the
  • Air conditioning unit downstream of the adiabatically operated compressor device a further, isothermally operated compressor device is used.
  • An isothermally operated compressor device which has one or more compressor stages or
  • Compressor in the sense explained above, is characterized by the fact that one of these supplied and one of these removed, compressed stream in Substantially have a same temperature level, in contrast to adiabatically operated compressors, in which the compression product has a significantly higher temperature than the current fed into the compressor device.
  • An isothermally operated compressor device has, for example, intermediate and
  • the provision of additional cold is possible, for example, compensates for cold losses in a corresponding system, for example in a storage tank for receiving the air liquefaction product.
  • An evaporation product formed during the expansion can also be used as a regeneration gas, as explained below.
  • Air conditioning unit used.
  • an air conditioning unit is used with at least one adsorptive cleaning device operated at a superatmospheric pressure level.
  • the air conditioning unit used in the present invention compresses the supplied air over several pressure stages.
  • an adsorptive cleaning device may comprise one or more adsorptive cleaning containers, as explained in more detail in the description of the figures.
  • a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium is used in at least one of the heat storage devices.
  • Usable here Thermal storage media have been previously discussed. The use of a
  • Fixed bed heat storage medium has the advantage of a particularly simple and cost-effective implementation; However, liquid heat storage media may have better heat capacity.
  • the invention may also include a combination of a fixed bed and a liquid heat storage medium in one or both of the
  • Heat storage devices include. For example, if a
  • Heat storage devices is divided, in one of the heat storage devices a fixed bed and in the other a liquid heat storage medium can be used. Any combinations are possible.
  • a heat storage fluid is transferred between at least two storage tanks and the heat in at least one counterflow heat exchanger from or to the at least one
  • Heat storage fluid to be transferred In this way, the available heat can be transferred not only to a statically available heat storage medium, the absorption capacity is naturally limited, but to a larger amount of a corresponding heat medium. The absorption capacity for the available heat can thus be increased significantly.
  • the heat storage devices are operated in the context of the present invention at significantly higher temperatures than the
  • Heat storage medium in at least one of the heat storage devices during the energy storage period to a temperature level of 50 to 400 ° C heated.
  • Relaxation device and used as the second expansion device each having a generator turbine each having a generator turbine.
  • a generator turbine is understood to mean any expansion machine coupled to a generator.
  • the use of a generator turbine allows flexible recovery of energy in the form of electrical power.
  • the invention for recovering the energy may also include the use of other measures, for example the Operation of a means of a relaxation machine or a pump connected thereto hydraulic accumulator.
  • the method according to the invention may also include heating, relaxing and / or compressing the fluid flow at least one (further) time before the work-performing expansion in the first and the second expansion device.
  • at least a portion of the degassing product may also initially be passed through a heat exchanger and already heated therein.
  • the at least one adsorptive cleaning device is supplied with a regeneration gas in a regeneration phase which is formed from part of the air previously compressed and adsorptively cleaned in the air conditioning unit.
  • a corresponding regeneration gas is advantageously before his
  • a regeneration phase of an adsorptive cleaning device can, if only one cleaning container is present, be carried out when no cleaning power has to be provided by the cleaning device, for example in one
  • the regeneration gas may be formed either from at least part of an evaporation product formed during the expansion of the liquefied air during the energy storage period or from at least part of the defrosting product during the energy recovery period.
  • an evaporation product formed during the expansion of the liquefied air is passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit and thereby heated.
  • the evaporation product serves to cool the through
  • Air conditioning unit compressed and adsorptively cleaned air. Corresponding cold can thus be used advantageously.
  • At least one refrigerant is passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit, which by means of a provided external cooling circuit and / or by relaxing from a part of previously compressed in the air conditioning unit and adsorptively purified air is formed.
  • the countercurrent heat exchange unit which by means of a provided external cooling circuit and / or by relaxing from a part of previously compressed in the air conditioning unit and adsorptively purified air is formed.
  • Air conditioning unit a larger amount of air compressed and adsorptively cleaned, as it is needed to form the air liquefaction product and its storage.
  • the corresponding "excess" air may optionally be cooled to an intermediate temperature in the countercurrent heat exchange unit, and then decompressed and passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit from the cold end to the warm end. In this way, the required refrigeration demand can be covered without additional facilities.
  • the use of an external refrigeration cycle allows a completely independent provision of cold.
  • a plant adapted to store and recover energy by forming an air liquefaction product in an energy storage period and generating and extracting a pressure stream formed by using at least a portion of the air liquefaction product without heat input from an external heat source in an energy recovery period is also an object of the present invention .
  • the plant has means adapted to the formation of the
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit at a condensing pressure level in one Liquefied region of 40 to 100 bara, and then to liquefy the air in at least one refrigeration unit to relax.
  • the means are further adapted to generate the pressure stream from at least a portion of the liquefaction product at a defrost pressure level that does not deviate from the condensing pressure level by more than 5 bar
  • Relaxation device and a second expansion device to lead and to relax the pressure flow in each case, and upstream of the first
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in an energy storage period and an energy recovery period.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period.
  • Figure 4 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • Figure 5 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • Figures 6A and 6B show a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period.
  • FIGS 7A and 7B show cooling means for air conditioning units according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows an air cleaning device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a compressor device with a regeneration gas preheating device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show an air cleaner in the
  • Air conditioning unit according to specific embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 11A-11C show plants in accordance with embodiments of the invention and illustrate details of an associated countercurrent heat exchange unit.
  • valves In the figures, a plurality of valves is shown, which are partially permeable and partially disabled. Locking valves are shown crossed in the figures. Fluid flows interrupted by valves with shut-off valves and correspondingly deactivated facilities are predominantly dashed
  • Gaseous or in supercritical state streams are with white (not filled) arrow triangles, liquid streams with black
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B a plant according to a particularly preferred embodiment is shown
  • the plant 100 comprises as central components an air conditioning unit 10, a fixed bed cold storage unit 20, a countercurrent heat exchange unit 30, a cold extraction unit 40, a liquid storage unit 50 and a
  • the system 100 is supplied with an air flow a (AIR, feed air) and compressed and purified in the air conditioning unit 10.
  • AIR air flow
  • a correspondingly compressed and purified, in particular freed of water and carbon dioxide, stream b is located on a AIR, feed air
  • the stream a is sucked and compressed in the air conditioning unit 10 via a filter 11 by means of a compressor device 12, for example by means of a multi-stage, adiabatically operated axial compressor.
  • the compressed air is divided downstream of the compressor device 12 in the example shown in two sub-streams, each of which a heat storage device 131, 132 a
  • Heat storage unit 13 is supplied. The several times described
  • Heat storage devices 131, 132 may be operated, for example, using a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium, as also illustrated, for example, in the following Figures 4, 5, 6A and 6B.
  • the heat of compression or compressor waste heat generated in the compressor device 12 may be at least partially stored. Downstream of the heat storage unit 3 is the compressed and through the
  • Heat storage unit 13 guided a current a cooling device 14 and then fed to an air cleaner 15. Examples of corresponding
  • Cooling devices 14 and air cleaning devices 15 are illustrated in more detail inter alia in the following FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8.
  • the air purification device 15 it can be supplied with a regeneration gas flow k explained below, and a current I can be carried out therefrom.
  • stream j Downstream of the air cleaning device 15, a partial stream of the air of the stream a is taken as stream j, which is present at an (intermediate) pressure level of, for example, 5 to 20 bara.
  • This current j is subsequently also referred to as medium-pressure air flow
  • Air of the flow a not carried out as medium-pressure air flow j is further compressed in a further compressor device 16, for example an isothermally operated compressor device 16.
  • the compressor device 16 may be formed as a multi-stage axial compressor. Downstream of the compressor device 16, a post-cooling device 17 may be arranged. Air compressed in the compressor device 16 and cooled in the aftercooler 17 is provided as the mentioned high pressure air flow b.
  • the high-pressure air flow b and the medium-pressure air flow j through the air conditioning unit 10 are typically only in the
  • Energy storage period provided. In this energy storage period, the energy harvesting unit 60 is typically out of operation. Conversely, in the energy recovery period, typically only the energy harvesting unit 60, rather than the air conditioning unit 10, is in operation.
  • the high pressure air flow b is illustrated in FIG. 1A
  • the air of the partial streams c and d (HPAIR) is supplied to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 on the one hand and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the other hand at the already mentioned pressure level of the high pressure air stream b and liquefied respectively in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30.
  • the air of the corresponding liquefied streams e and f (HPLAIR) is combined into a collecting stream g.
  • the pressure level of the flows e, f and g corresponds essentially, ie, except for line and cooling losses, the pressure level of the high pressure air flow b.
  • the liquefied air of the stream g is expanded in the refrigeration unit 40, which may comprise, for example, a generator turbine 41.
  • the expanded air can be transferred, for example, into a separator tank 42, in the lower part of which a liquid phase separates and in the upper part of which there is a gas phase.
  • the liquid phase from the separator tank 42 may be withdrawn as stream h (LAIR) and transferred to the liquid storage unit 50, which may include, for example, one or more insulated storage tanks.
  • the pressure level of the current h is, for example, 1 to 16 bara.
  • the gas phase (flash) withdrawn from the upper part of the separator tank 42 as stream i can be passed countercurrent to the stream f through the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 and subsequently used in the air conditioning unit 10 in the form of the already mentioned stream k (LPAIR, reggas) as regeneration gas ,
  • the pressure level of the flow k is, for example, at atmospheric pressure to about 2 bara. Downstream is a corresponding current I
  • amb atmospheric pressure
  • the cold stored in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 is used to liquefy the air of the partial flow c.
  • the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is provided in which additional air, namely air of the substream d, can be liquefied in countercurrent to, for example, a cold stream i that can be obtained from relaxed and thereby vaporized air of the stream g.
  • additional air namely air of the substream d
  • countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 allows more flexible operation of the plant 100 than would be the case using only the fixed bed cold storage unit 20.
  • Medium pressure air flow j (MPAIR) provided.
  • MPAIR Medium pressure air flow j
  • the liquefied storage unit 50 liquefied air (LAIR) previously stored in the energy storage period, ie the air liquefaction product, is removed and pressure-increased by means of a pump 51.
  • a stream m (HPLAIR) thus obtained is passed through the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and thereby vaporized or transferred from the liquid to the supercritical state ("de-liquidified"). So it will be one
  • Liquefied product formed from which, as shown here completely, or even partially, a fluid flow is formed.
  • the current m is on a
  • the pressure flow n is thus a high pressure air flow.
  • the pressure flow n is illustrated in that in FIG. 1B
  • Relaxation device 62 which is also designed here as a generator turbine, further relaxed.
  • a correspondingly relaxed current o is present, for example, at atmospheric pressure (amb) and can be released into the environment.
  • the cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are arranged upstream of the compressor device 16 and downstream of the heat storage device 13, respectively.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a corresponding system in the energy storage period, which is not designated separately.
  • Cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are thus provided here in a region of higher pressure and can thus be made smaller. In the system shown in Figure 2 also no medium pressure air flow j is formed.
  • a regeneration gas flow k is provided in the energy storage period in which the air purification device 15 simultaneously has to provide a cleaning performance. Therefore, in appropriate systems, the air purification devices 15 must be formed inevitably operable with alternating adsorber, as also illustrated in Figure 8. On the other hand, provision of a regeneration gas flow k during the energy recovery period in which the air purification device 15 is not required in any case makes it possible to use only one adsorber vessel (see Figures 10A and 10B) and thus to design and operate a corresponding facility in a simpler and less costly manner.
  • the regeneration gas flow k can therefore also be located in the system in a corresponding system
  • the regeneration gas flow k can be combined again as stream I with the high-pressure air stream n.
  • Components such as water and carbon dioxide generally prove to be due to the temperatures present in the energy harvesting unit 60
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B has the advantage that less compressed air is lost.
  • Figure 4 is a heat storage device for a system according to a
  • the heat storage device is denoted here by 131 and 132, respectively.
  • the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 4 is designed as a fixed bed heat storage device 131, 132 and has a heat storage medium in the form of a fixed bed 1.
  • the fixed bed 1 is in a pressure vessel 2 with inlet and outlet 3 arranged and can be flowed through in this way by means of the compressor device 12 compressed air.
  • the pressure vessel 2 is surrounded by a thermal insulating layer 4.
  • FIG. 5 also illustrates a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention, and denotes 131 or 132 in total.
  • a fixed-bed heat storage medium can be arranged here in a container 5 which is illustrated only schematically, through which a heat transfer medium 6, which can be conveyed by means of a pump 7, flows.
  • Heat transfer from the compressed by means of the compressor device 12 air of the current a to the heat transfer fluid 6 can by means of a suitable
  • Heat exchanger 8 done.
  • the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 5 thus comprises an indirect heat transfer to the heat storage medium (not shown).
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b a heat storage device 131, 132, referred to as
  • Liquid heat storage device is formed in an energy storage period (Figure 6A) and an energy recovery period (Figure 6B) shown.
  • the heat storage fluid from the storage tank 72 is thereby conveyed by means of a pump 73 through the heat exchanger 71 and, appropriately heated, transferred in a further storage tank 74.
  • a stream to be heated in this case the high-pressure air stream n, is guided in the opposite direction to the stream a through the heat exchanger 71 and heated by means of a warm heat storage medium now also conveyed in the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 7A is a cooling device 14 for use in a
  • Air conditioning unit 10 as shown for example in the figures previously shown 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B is shown in detail.
  • the cooling device 14 may be arranged with a downstream of the heat storage unit 13 (see Figures 1A, 1B and 2) and downstream of the Nachkühl Sk 17 (see Figures 3A and 3B).
  • a corresponding current, designated here by r, is fed into a lower region of a direct contact cooler 141.
  • the current r corresponds to the previously in the
  • Compressor 12 compressed and the heat storage unit 13 cooled stream a In an upper region of the direct contact cooler 141, a water flow (H20), which is guided by means of a pump 142 through an (optional) cooling device 143, is introduced. Water can be withdrawn from a lower portion of the direct contact cooler 141. From the head of the direct contact cooler 141, a correspondingly cooled stream s is withdrawn, which can then be transferred into an air cleaning device 15 (compare FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates in detail an air-cleaning device 15 which is suitable in particular for use in an air-conditioning unit 10, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2.
  • Adsorber essenceer 151 which have, for example, molecular sieve be performed.
  • the current s corresponds to the current a treated as explained above.
  • the adsorber tanks 151 are in particular water and carbon dioxide from the
  • a corresponding received current t which for example in the case of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2 can correspond to the current b, is the device respectively arranged downstream thereof, for example the next compressor device (see FIGS. 1A and 1B)
  • the adsorber tank 151 not used in each case for purifying the stream s can be regenerated by means of the already explained regeneration gas stream k.
  • the Regeneriergasstrom k can initially an optional Regeneriergasvorsammlungeinnchtung 152 are fed, which is illustrated in an example in the following Figure 9. In a downstream
  • Regeneriergaslik evaluated 153, for example, electrically and / or with
  • the Regeneriergasstrom k is further heated and passed through the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated in each case. Downstream of the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated, a corresponding current I is present. The same applies if at the time shown no regeneration gas is needed, because in this case a corresponding current I is performed directly from the air purification device 5 (see stream I in the upper part of Figure 8).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of a regeneration gas preheating device 152 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Regeneriergasvorsammlungeinnchtung 152 may for example replace or supplement a Nachkühl adopted 17 and thus be disposed downstream of an air compressor 16. A warmed up due to a corresponding compression
  • Air flow can be passed through or past a heat exchanger 152a of the regeneration gas preheater 152 and thereby heat to a
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B show air cleaning devices 15 which are particularly suitable for the embodiments of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B or the air conditioning devices shown therein.
  • the energy storage period (FIG. 10A) and the energy recovery period (FIG. 10B) are illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, wherein a purification of a corresponding current s takes place in the energy storage period.
  • a corresponding adsorber 151 in such times ( Figure 10B) for regeneration available is a corresponding adsorber 151 in such times ( Figure 10B) for regeneration available.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B therefore has the particular advantage that only one corresponding adsorber tank 151 has to be provided, and not two, which are operated in alternating operation according to FIG.
  • Embodiments of the invention in each case in the energy storage period.
  • the plants correspond in this case with respect to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20, the
  • Refrigeration unit 40 the liquid storage unit 50 and the
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 are operated, for example, by means of a current u from the cold end to the warm end by one or more
  • Heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is guided.
  • Liquefaction process 32 implemented by means of its own, i. in addition to the air conditioning unit 10 provided, compressor is operated.
  • Countercurrent heat exchange unit 10 a medium-pressure air flow j supplied and fed to the heat exchanger 31 at the hot end.
  • the current j can be removed from the heat exchanger 31 at an intermediate temperature and in a
  • High pressure air flow b or its partial flow d can also at a
  • the current i is supplied to the heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the cold side, taken at an intermediate temperature, with the medium-pressure air flow j, which is also up to one
  • FIGS. 11B and 11C are particularly suitable for use at different pressure levels

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour accumuler et récupérer de l'énergie, dans lequel, au cours d'une période d'accumulation d'énergie, on forme un produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR) et, au cours d'une période de récupération d'énergie, en utilisant au moins une partie du produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR) et sans apport de chaleur provenant d'une source de chaleur extérieure, on forme un courant sous pression et on le détend avec production de travail. Le procédé consiste, entre autres, pour la formation du produit de liquéfaction d'air (LAIR), à comprimer de l'air (AIR) dans une unité de conditionnement d'air (10), au moins au moyen d'un dispositif compresseur (12) travaillant en mode adiabatique, puis, en aval du dispositif compresseur (12) travaillant en mode adiabatique, à partir de l'air (AIR) comprimé dans ce dispositif, à former un premier et un second courant partiel et à faire passer le premier et le second courant partiel en parallèle à travers un premier dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (131) et un second accumulateur de chaleur (132), où la chaleur produite lors de la compression de l'air (AIR) est au moins en partie accumulée. Pour la formation du courant sous pression, on produit, entre autres à partir d'au moins une partie du produit de liquéfaction (LAIR), un produit de sortie de l'état liquide (HPAIR). Lors de la détente productrice de travail, le courant sous pression passe à travers un premier dispositif de détente (61) et un second dispositif de détente (62) et se détend dans chaque dispositif. En amont du premier dispositif de détente (61), la chaleur accumulée dans le premier dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (131) est transférée au courant sous pression et, en amont du second dispositif de détente (62), la chaleur accumulée dans le second dispositif accumulateur de chaleur (132) est transférée au courant sous pression. La présente invention concerne également une installation (100) correspondante.
PCT/EP2015/000716 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie WO2015154862A1 (fr)

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EP15715164.8A EP3129609A1 (fr) 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 Procédé et installation pour l'accumulation et la récupération d'énergie
CN201580028433.0A CN106414914A (zh) 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 储存和恢复能量的方法与设备
US15/301,861 US20170175585A1 (en) 2014-04-11 2015-04-02 Method and installation for storing and recovering energy

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EP14001926.6A EP2930318A1 (fr) 2014-04-11 2014-06-03 Procédé et installation de stockage et de récupération d'énergie

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ES2827311T3 (es) * 2015-09-08 2021-05-20 Univ California Sistema híbrido de almacenamiento de energía de bajo coste
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