EP3129609A1

EP3129609A1 - Method and installation for storing and recovering energy

Info

Publication number: EP3129609A1
Application number: EP15715164.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexander Alekseev
Original assignee: Linde GmbH
Current assignee: Linde GmbH
Priority date: 2014-04-11
Filing date: 2015-04-02
Publication date: 2017-02-15
Also published as: US20170175585A1; WO2015154862A1; CN106414914A; EP2930318A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for storing and recovering energy, according to which a condensed air product (LAIR) is formed in an energy storage period, and in an energy recovery period, a pressure flow is formed and is expanded to produce energy using at least part of the condensed air product (LAIR) without a supply of heat from an external heat source. The method comprises inter alia, for the formation of the condensed air product (LAIR): the compression of air (AIR) in an air conditioning unit (10), at least by means of an adiabatically operated compressor device (12); the formation of a first and a second sub-flow downstream of the adiabatically driven compressor device (12), said flows being formed from the air (AIR) that has been compressed in said device and the guiding of the first and second sub-flows in parallel through a first thermal store (131) and through a second thermal store (132), in which stores heat produced during the compression of the air (AIR) is at least partially stored. For the formation of the pressure flow, a vaporized product (HPAIR) is produced inter alia from at least one part of the condensed air product (LAIR). During the energy-producing expansion process, the pressure flow is guided through a first expansion device (61) and a second expansion device (62) and is thus expanded in each device. Heat stored in the first heat store device (131) is transferred to the pressure flow upstream of the first expansion device (61) and heat stored in the second heat store device (132) is transferred to the pressure flow upstream of the second expansion device (62). The invention also relates to an installation (100).

Description

description

Method and system for storing and recovering energy

The present invention relates to a method and a system for storing and recovering energy, in particular electrical energy, according to the

Topics of the respective independent claims.

State of the art

For example, DE 31 39 567 A1 and EP 1 989 400 A1 disclose liquid air or liquid nitrogen, ie cryogenic air liquefaction products, for

Grid control and to provide control power in power grids.

At low-flow times or excess power periods while air is in one

Air separation plant with an integrated condenser or in a dedicated liquefaction plant, also commonly referred to as an air treatment unit, all or part of liquefied to such an air liquefaction product. The air liquefaction product is stored in a tank system with cryogenic tanks. This mode of operation takes place in a period of time, here as

Energy storage period is called.

At peak load times, the air liquefaction product is withdrawn from the tank system, pressure increased by a pump and warmed to about ambient temperature or higher and thus converted to a gaseous or supercritical state. A pressure flow obtained in this way is involved in an energy recovery unit in an expansion turbine or in several expansion turbines

Intermediate heating relaxed to ambient pressure. The thereby released mechanical power is in one or more generators of

Energy recovery unit converted into electrical energy and fed into an electrical grid. This mode of operation takes place in a period of time, here as

Energy recovery period is called.

The released during the transfer of the air liquefaction product in the gaseous or supercritical state during the energy recovery period Cold can be stored and used during the energy storage period to provide refrigeration to recover the air liquefaction product.

There are also known compressed air storage power plants in which the air is not liquefied, but compressed in a compressor and stored in an underground cavern. In times of high electricity demand, the compressed air from the cavern is directed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. At the same time, the gas turbine is supplied via a gas line fuel, such as natural gas, and burned in the atmosphere formed by the compressed air. The formed exhaust gas is expanded in the gas turbine, thereby generating energy.

The present invention is to be distinguished from methods and apparatus in which an oxygen-rich fluid is introduced to promote oxidation reactions in a gas turbine. Corresponding methods and devices basically work with air liquefaction products which (significantly) more than 40

Mole percent oxygen.

The economics of such methods and devices are greatly affected by the overall efficiency. The invention is therefore based on the object to improve corresponding methods and devices in this regard.

Disclosure of the invention

Against this background, the present invention proposes a method and a system for storing and recovering energy, in particular electrical energy, with the features of the respective independent patent claims.

Preferred embodiments are each the subject of the dependent

Claims and the following description. Before explaining the advantages that can be achieved within the scope of the present invention, its technical principles and some terms used in this application are explained in more detail.

A "power generation unit" is understood here to mean a plant or a plant part which is or is set up for generating electrical energy. A Energy generating unit includes in the context of the present invention, at least two expansion turbines, which are advantageously coupled to at least one electric generator. One with at least one electric

Generator coupled relaxation machine is also referred to as a "generator turbine". The released during the relaxation of a fluid in an expansion turbine or generator turbine mechanical power can in the

Energy recovery unit are converted into electrical energy.

An "expansion turbine" that has a common shaft with more

Expansion turbines or energy converters such as oil brakes, generators or compressor stages can be coupled, is set up to relax a supercritical, gaseous or at least partially liquid stream. In particular, expansion turbines may be used in the present invention as

Turboexpander be formed. If one or more expansion turbines designed as turboexpanders are coupled with only one or more compressor stages, for example in the form of centrifugal compressor stages, and if necessary mechanically braked, they are without external, for example by means of a

Electric motor, powered energy, this is generally also the term "booster turbine" used. Such a booster turbine compresses at least one current by the relaxation of at least one other current, but without external, for example by means of an electric motor, supplied energy.

In the context of the present application, a "gas turbine unit" is understood to mean an arrangement of at least one combustion chamber and at least one of these downstream expansion turbines (the gas turbine in the narrower sense). In the latter, hot gases are released from the combustion chamber to perform work. A gas turbine engine further includes at least one compressor stage driven by the expansion turbine via a common shaft, typically at least one axial compressor stage. A part of the mechanical energy generated in the expansion turbine is usually used to drive the at least one

Compressor stage used. Another part is used regularly to generate

electrical energy implemented in a generator. The expansion turbine of the gas turbine is thus a generator turbine in the sense explained above. As a modification of a gas turbine unit, a "combustion turbine unit" has only the mentioned combustion chamber and a downstream expansion turbine. A compressor is usually not provided. A "hot gas turbine unit", in contrast to a gas turbine unit instead of a combustion chamber on a heater. A hot gas turbine unit may be formed in one stage with a heater and an expansion turbine. Alternatively, several can

Expansion turbines, preferably with intermediate heating, be provided. In any case, in particular downstream of the "last" expansion turbine, a further heater may be provided. The hot gas turbine is also preferably coupled to one or more generators for generating electrical energy.

Since, in the context of the present invention, no heat originating from external sources is used in the formation of a pressure flow in an energy recovery period, here no gas or combustion turbine units are used, but at most hot gas turbine units which have suitable heat exchangers

Heat storage to be heated.

A "compressor device" is understood here to mean a device which is capable of compressing at least one gaseous stream of at least one

Inlet pressure at which it is supplied to the compressor device, is adapted to at least one final pressure at which this is taken from the compressor device. The compressor device thereby forms a structural unit, which, however, can have a plurality of individual "compressors" or "compressor stages" in the form of known piston, screw and / or paddle wheel or turbine arrangements (ie radial or axial compressor stages). In particular, these are

Compressor stages by means of a common drive, for example via a common shaft or a common electric motor driven. Several compressors, e.g. Compressor in an inventively used

Air conditioning unit, can together one or more

Forming compressor devices.

In the language used here, an "air conditioning unit" comprises at least one adiabatically operated compressor device and at least one adsorptive air purification device. Adsorptive air cleaners are well known in the art of air separation. In adsorptive Air purification devices are guided one or more air streams through one or more adsorber, which are filled with a suitable adsorption material, such as molecular sieve. The present invention comprises at least the liquefaction of air to an air liquefaction product. The devices used for this purpose can also be summarized under the term "air treatment unit". This is understood in the parlance of the present application, a system which is adapted to recover at least one air liquefaction product from air. Sufficient for an air treatment unit for use in the present

Invention is that by these a corresponding tiefkaltes

Air liquefaction product can be obtained, which can be used as a storage liquid and transferred to a tank system. An "air separation plant" is charged with atmospheric air and has a distillation column system for decomposing the atmospheric air into its physical components, particularly nitrogen and oxygen. For this purpose, the air is first cooled to near its dew point and then introduced into the distillation column system. In contrast, an "air liquefaction plant" does not include

Distillation column system. Incidentally, their structure corresponds to one

Air separation plant with the delivery of an air liquefaction product.

Of course, in an air separation plant liquid air as

By-product can be generated.

An "air liquefaction product" is any product that can be produced, at least by compressing, cooling, and then deflating air in the form of a cryogenic liquid. In particular, it can be at a

Air liquefaction product to act liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen and / or a liquid noble gas such as liquid argon. The terms "liquid oxygen" and "liquid nitrogen" in each case also designate a cryogenic liquid which has oxygen or nitrogen in an amount which is above that of atmospheric air. It does not necessarily have to be pure liquids with high contents of oxygen or nitrogen. Under liquid nitrogen is thus understood as pure or substantially pure nitrogen, as well as a mixture of liquefied air gases, its nitrogen content higher than that of the atmospheric air. For example, it has a nitrogen content of at least 90, preferably at least 99 mole percent.

If we are talking about a "defrosting product", this is understood as meaning a fluid formed by transferring a liquid in the gaseous or supercritical state. If a liquid is "evaporated" at supercritical pressure, it does not pass into the gas phase but into the supercritical state, with no

Phase transition occurs in the true sense. This is also referred to as "pseudoevaporating". At subcritical pressure, there is a phase transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, ie a conventional "evaporation". In the context of the present application, a liquefaction therefore comprises both evaporation and pseudo-vaporization. After liquefaction, whether from the gaseous or supercritical state, there is always a liquid. Both cases are therefore covered by the term "liquefaction".

Under a "cryogenic" liquid, or a corresponding fluid,

Air liquefaction product, electricity, etc. is understood to mean a liquid medium whose boiling point is significantly below the respective ambient temperature and, for example, 200 K or less, in particular 220 K or less.

Examples are liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, etc.

In the context of this application, a "fixed bed cold storage unit" is understood to mean a device which contains a solid material suitable for cold storage and has fluid guidance means through this material. Known

Fixed bed cold storage units, which are also referred to as regenerators in conventional air separation plants and are also used there for the separation of undesirable components such as water and / or carbon dioxide include, for example channeled concrete blocks (unusual in air separation plants), (stone) beds and / or fluted aluminum sheets and are in each of the streams to be cooled or heated

opposite direction and flows through one after the other. In the context of this application, the term "cold storage" or "(fixed bed) cold storage unit" as opposed to "heat storage" or "heat storage unit" is used to express the difference in the operating temperature. The fixed-bed cold storage unit is condensed in the context of the present invention for liquefaction and Adsorptively purified air to an air liquefaction product and its

Used liquefaction, so at least in one area at cryogenic

Temperatures operated. In contrast, the heat storage devices used in the present invention are always operated at significantly higher temperatures and serve to store in the adiabatic compression of the air generated (compression) heat.

A refrigeration or heat storage unit comprises one or more refrigeration or heat storage unit.

Heat storage with appropriate refrigeration and heat storage media. The usable in one or more cold or heat storage refrigeration or

Thermal storage media depend on the configuration of the process.

Thermal storage and (fixed bed) cold storage are extensively described in the pertinent literature (see, for example, i.Dinger and M.A. Rosen, "Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications", Chichester, John Wiley & Sons 2002). Suitable storage media are, for example, rock, concrete, brick, man-made ceramics or cast iron. For lower storage temperatures are also suitable earth, gravel, sand or gravel. Other storage media such as thermal oils or molten salts are known, for example, in the field of solar technology. In corresponding cold stores, it may prove to be particularly advantageous to provide the storage medium in an insulated container, which allows a lossless or almost lossless heat or cold storage.

A "countercurrent heat exchange unit" is one or more countercurrent heat exchangers, such as one or more

Plate heat exchanger, formed. Unlike one

Fixed bed cold storage unit, the cooling takes place in a

Countercurrent heat exchange unit not by delivery to or absorption of heat from a fixed bed, but indirectly to a or out of a countercurrent heat or cold carrier. As a heat exchanger in one

Countercurrent heat exchange unit for use in the present invention are all known heat exchangers, such as plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers and the like. A countercurrent heat exchange unit serves for the indirect transfer of heat between at least two countercurrent flows, for example a warm compressed air flow and one or more cold streams or a cryogenic air liquefaction product and one or more warm streams. A counterflow heat exchange unit may be formed from a single or multiple heat exchanger sections connected in parallel and / or in series, for example one or more

Plate heat exchanger blocks. Is here below a "heat exchanger" the speech, this can be understood as a countercurrent heat exchanger or another heat exchanger.

A heat storage unit used in the context of the present invention may also comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger through which, for example, a suitable heat storage fluid, such as the mentioned thermal oil, flows through in countercurrent to a stream to be heated or cooled. The

Heat storage fluid, which forms the heat storage medium here, can be provided for example in a double or multiple tank arrangement, as also explained in more detail below.

In the context of this application, a "heater" is understood to mean a system for indirect heat exchange between a heating fluid and a gaseous fluid to be heated. By means of such a heater, residual heat, waste heat,

Process heat, solar heat, etc. transferred to the gaseous fluid to be heated and used to generate energy in a hot gas turbine.

Processes and devices for the low temperature decomposition of air and the methods applicable there and also within the scope of the present invention, and

Devices are also, for example, in Haring, H.-W. (Ed.), "Industrial Gases Processing", Weinheim, Wiley-VCH 2008 (especially Chapter 2.2.5, "Cryogenic Rectification") and Kerry, FG, "Industrial Gas Handbook - Gas Separation and Purification", Boca Raton, CRC Press 2006 (especially Chapter 3, "Air Separation Technology") described.

The present application is used for the characterization of pressures and

Temperatures the terms "pressure level" and "temperature level", which expresses that pressures and temperatures in one

appropriate plant must not be used in the form of exact pressure or temperature values in order to realize the inventive concept. However, they are moving such pressures and temperatures typically in certain ranges, for example, ± 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or even 50% about an average.

Corresponding pressure levels and temperature levels can be in disjoint areas or in areas that overlap one another. In particular, for example, pressure levels include unavoidable pressure drops or expected

Pressure losses, for example due to cooling effects or

Line losses, a. The same applies to temperature levels. The pressure levels specified here in bara are absolute pressures in bar. Advantages of the invention

The invention proposes a method for storing and recovering energy in which an air liquefaction product is formed in an energy storage period and in an energy recovery period using at least part of the air liquefaction product without heat supply from an external energy source

Heat source formed a pressure stream and work is relaxed.

According to the invention, therefore, no additional heat is introduced into the process or a corresponding system for forming the pressure flow, so it takes place

for example, no electrical heating or firing. The heating is exclusively using heat generated in the process itself

performed as explained in detail below.

As already mentioned, is under this application under a

Air liquefaction product is any liquid product which can be produced by compression and cryogenic cooling of air. The present invention will be described below with particular reference to liquid air as

Air liquefaction product described, but it is also suitable for others

Air liquefaction products, in particular oxygen-containing air liquefaction products. In contrast to the methods and devices mentioned in the introduction, in which an oxygen-rich fluid is introduced into a gas turbine in order to promote oxidation reactions, in the present case, however, an oxygen-containing fluid is advantageously used

Air liquefaction product with (significantly) less than 40, 35 or 30 mole percent oxygen used, for example, the oxygen content of natural air. A distillative separation of an air liquefaction product is therefore not required. The terms "energy storage period" and "energy recovery period" have already been mentioned. These are understood in particular as periods that do not overlap one another. This means that the following for the

Energy storage period described measures are typically not performed during the energy recovery period and vice versa. However, it may also be provided, for example, to carry out at least a portion of the measures described for the energy storage period at the same time as the measures described for the energy recovery period, for example in order to ensure greater continuity of operation during a further period

to ensure appropriate installation. For example, in one too

Energy storage period of an energy recovery unit supplied to a pressure flow and work in this relaxed, for example, the here

used relaxation facilities operate without a standstill. The energy storage period and the energy recovery period each correspond to an operating or process mode of a corresponding system or a corresponding method.

The present invention comprises, for forming the air liquefaction product, air in an air conditioning unit operated at least by adiabatic

Compressor to compress and by means of at least one adsorptive

Purification device to be adsorptively cleaned at a superatmospheric pressure level. Details on adiabatic compression are explained below. In particular, by the adiabatic compression heat for heating the pressure flow in the

Energy recovery period are provided.

As also explained in detail below, in the air conditioning unit downstream of the adiabatically operated compressor device, a first and a second partial flow are formed from the compressed air in this. The partial flows are conducted in parallel through a first heat storage device and a second heat storage device. In this way, heat generated in the compression of the air is at least partly stored in the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device and is available for subsequent heating. The compressed and adsorptively purified air is downstream of the air conditioning unit and optionally after a further (for example isothermal) compression in this, starting from a temperature level in a range of 0 to 50 ° C to a first portion in a fixed bed cold storage unit and a second portion in a countercurrent heat exchange unit at a condensing pressure level in a range of 40 to 100 bara liquefied. The liquefied air is subsequently expanded in at least one refrigeration unit.

In the context of the present invention, the formation of the pressure stream from at least a part of the liquefaction product in a

Degasification pressure level not exceeding 5 bar of the

Condensing pressure level deviates, in the fixed bed cold storage unit

Liquefied product produced. The de-condensation product can be used directly or after further pressure and / or temperature-influencing measures as the pressure flow. The Entflüssigungsprodukt can be divided to form the pressure flow, for example, in two or more streams, one of which is used as a pressure stream and / or the Entflüssigungsprodukt can this be combined with one or more further streams. It is further provided to guide the pressure flow in the work-performing expansion by a first expansion device and a second expansion device and thereby to relax the pressure flow, and to transfer heat stored upstream of the first expansion device in the first heat storage device to the pressure flow and upstream of the second

Relaxation device in the second heat storage device to transfer stored heat to the pressure flow.

In addition to the explicitly mentioned first and second relaxation device can also be provided more relaxation facilities, the relaxation can thus be at least two stages, but also, for example, three and more stages. Special advantages, however, arise if only exactly two

Relaxation facilities for work-performing expansion of the pressure flow and only exactly two compressor devices are used in the air conditioning. This makes it possible to realize a corresponding system much easier and cheaper than the technically possible use of three or more expansion devices for work-performing expansion of the pressure flow and three or more compressor devices in the

Type air conditioner. The two- or multi-stage relaxation of the pressure flow in the

Energy recovery period is advantageous because the pressure stream to be relaxed is at a high pressure level, typically greater than 40 bara, and especially in the supercritical state. It would therefore be technically very complicated, the relaxation of this high pressure level down to about

To realize ambient pressure in a single machine. In addition, the pressure flow during the relaxation is cooled in proportion to the pressure difference achieved during the relaxation. Negative temperatures at the exit from the or each relaxation devices used, however, should be avoided. This problem can be solved according to the invention by heating upstream of the respective expansion devices.

In the air conditioning unit used in the invention, two or more compressor units are typically used. In principle, it would be advantageous to successively two adiabatically operated compressor devices, ie

Compressor devices, where the compressed air is a much higher

Temperature than the air to be compressed to use. The amount of heat generated in each case could then be stored in each case in a heat storage device and, on the other hand, be transferred to the pressure flow upstream of the first expansion device on the one hand and upstream of the second expansion device on the other hand.

However, this generation of "two amounts of heat" encounters technical

Difficulties because adiabatically operable compressor devices are typically not available for the total pressure to be generated in the air conditioning unit used in the present invention, but only for generating pressure levels less than 20 bara from atmospheric pressure. These are typically components that are also used in compression stages of gas turbines. For higher pressure levels, for example for the compression of 10 to 20 bara to 40 to 60 bara, no adiabatically operable compressor are available. Compressors for correspondingly high pressures are set up for (quasi-) isothermal operation, so that sufficient heat can not be obtained here. The method according to the invention therefore comprises; in the air conditioning unit, downstream of an adiabatically operated compressor device, to form a first partial flow and a second partial flow from the compressed air in this compressor device and to guide the first and the second partial flow in parallel through the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device. The "parallel" guiding of the partial flows need not necessarily comprise a division of the compressed air into partial flows with the same volume flow. Rather, it is also possible to divide the air "asymmetrically", for example, in one of

Heat storage devices to store a larger amount of heat and the

To provide heating of the pressure stream. The division can also be made on the basis of a suitable control, for example on the basis of an already stored in the respective heat storage devices amount of heat. In any case, by using the first and the second

Heat storage device created two separate heat sources, the

Heating the pressure flow in the energy recovery period upstream of the two relaxation facilities are available.

In addition to the division of the compressed air and the parallel guiding by the heat storage devices, it is also possible in a first sub-period of the energy storage period heat in the first

Heat storage device and store in a second sub-period heat in the second heat storage device. The addressed adiabatic compressor device is advantageously one of at least two compressor devices in the air conditioning unit, which is operated at a correspondingly low pressure level, for example 20 bara or less, or the air from

Atmospheric pressure is compressed to a correspondingly low pressure level.

For example, this compressor device is the first in a series of serially arranged compressor devices.

An essential aspect of the present invention is therefore also the use of an adiabatically operated, "heat-generating" compressor device. One or more further compressor devices, in particular compressor devices for higher pressure levels, however, can be operated isothermally. Overall, it can be reduced by the present invention, the number of hardware components, resulting in lower cost and maintenance and easier operation of the entire system.

As mentioned, within the scope of the present invention, the

Fixed bed cold storage in the energy storage mode and the

Energy recovery mode at equal or similar pressure levels (the

Liquefaction pressure level and defrost pressure level) in the range of 40 to 100 bara. As a result, pressure fluctuations within the

Fixed bed storage avoided and increases its mechanical stability, or

Requirements for its mechanical strength significantly reduced. In this case, to form the air liquefaction product, the air in the at least one

Air conditioning unit compressed to a corresponding pressure level, which may be at low or supercritical pressure. In the fixed bed cold storage unit and the countercurrent heat exchange unit can thus a corresponding

High pressure air stream from the supercritical state (without classical

Phase transition) or the subcritical state to the liquid state. Both transitions are here called "liquefying"

summarized. The same applies to the already explained formation of the degassing product by "liquefaction".

In the context of the present invention, as mentioned above, it is further provided to supply the first portion and the second portion of the compressed and adsorptively purified air to the fixed bed cold storage unit and the countercurrent heat exchanger unit at a temperature level of 0 to 50 ° C. The feed is thus advantageously carried out at ambient temperature, which allows a particularly advantageous operation of the fixed bed cold storage unit. This can be made possible in particular by the fact that in the

Air conditioning unit downstream of the adiabatically operated compressor device, a further, isothermally operated compressor device is used. An isothermally operated compressor device which has one or more compressor stages or

Compressor in the sense explained above, is characterized by the fact that one of these supplied and one of these removed, compressed stream in Substantially have a same temperature level, in contrast to adiabatically operated compressors, in which the compression product has a significantly higher temperature than the current fed into the compressor device. An isothermally operated compressor device has, for example, intermediate and

Aftercooler on.

Because in the context of the present invention, the liquefied in the energy storage period in the fixed bed cold storage unit and the countercurrent heat exchange unit air is relaxed in a refrigeration unit, the provision of additional cold is possible, for example, compensates for cold losses in a corresponding system, for example in a storage tank for receiving the air liquefaction product. An evaporation product formed during the expansion can also be used as a regeneration gas, as explained below. In the context of the method according to the invention is therefore advantageously in addition to the at least one mentioned, adiabatically operated compressor device and at least one isothermally operated compressor device in the

Air conditioning unit used. In the context of the method according to the invention, as also mentioned, an air conditioning unit is used with at least one adsorptive cleaning device operated at a superatmospheric pressure level. The im

As mentioned, the air conditioning unit used in the present invention compresses the supplied air over several pressure stages. The adsorptive

Cleaning device can be used or provided on each of these pressure levels. For example, a cleaning device at a final pressure level, which is provided by the air conditioning unit, are designed to be particularly compact because low air masses have to be cleaned due to the compression. In the context of the present invention, an adsorptive cleaning device may comprise one or more adsorptive cleaning containers, as explained in more detail in the description of the figures.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium is used in at least one of the heat storage devices. Usable here Thermal storage media have been previously discussed. The use of a

Fixed bed heat storage medium has the advantage of a particularly simple and cost-effective implementation; However, liquid heat storage media may have better heat capacity. The invention may also include a combination of a fixed bed and a liquid heat storage medium in one or both of the

Heat storage devices include. For example, if a

corresponding air flow, as explained above, "asymmetric" between the

Heat storage devices is divided, in one of the heat storage devices a fixed bed and in the other a liquid heat storage medium can be used. Any combinations are possible.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, in at least one of the heat storage devices, a heat storage fluid is transferred between at least two storage tanks and the heat in at least one counterflow heat exchanger from or to the at least one

Heat storage fluid to be transferred. In this way, the available heat can be transferred not only to a statically available heat storage medium, the absorption capacity is naturally limited, but to a larger amount of a corresponding heat medium. The absorption capacity for the available heat can thus be increased significantly.

As already mentioned, the heat storage devices are operated in the context of the present invention at significantly higher temperatures than the

Fixed bed cold storage facility. In particular, the respective

Heat storage medium in at least one of the heat storage devices during the energy storage period to a temperature level of 50 to 400 ° C heated.

In the method according to the invention is advantageously used as the first

Relaxation device and used as the second expansion device each having a generator turbine. As mentioned above, a generator turbine is understood to mean any expansion machine coupled to a generator. The use of a generator turbine allows flexible recovery of energy in the form of electrical power. In principle, however, the invention for recovering the energy may also include the use of other measures, for example the Operation of a means of a relaxation machine or a pump connected thereto hydraulic accumulator.

The method according to the invention may also include heating, relaxing and / or compressing the fluid flow at least one (further) time before the work-performing expansion in the first and the second expansion device. For example, at least a portion of the degassing product may also initially be passed through a heat exchanger and already heated therein. Advantageously, the at least one adsorptive cleaning device is supplied with a regeneration gas in a regeneration phase which is formed from part of the air previously compressed and adsorptively cleaned in the air conditioning unit. A corresponding regeneration gas is advantageously before his

Use heated, as also explained below. A regeneration phase of an adsorptive cleaning device can, if only one cleaning container is present, be carried out when no cleaning power has to be provided by the cleaning device, for example in one

Energy recovery period. Are several alternately operable

Cleaning tanks available, these can be independent of each

be regenerated this period.

The regeneration gas may be formed either from at least part of an evaporation product formed during the expansion of the liquefied air during the energy storage period or from at least part of the defrosting product during the energy recovery period.

Advantageously, an evaporation product formed during the expansion of the liquefied air is passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit and thereby heated. The evaporation product serves to cool the through

Countercurrent heat exchange unit led second share of in the

Air conditioning unit compressed and adsorptively cleaned air. Corresponding cold can thus be used advantageously.

Advantageously, in the context of the inventive method, at least one refrigerant is passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit, which by means of a provided external cooling circuit and / or by relaxing from a part of previously compressed in the air conditioning unit and adsorptively purified air is formed. In the latter case, for example, by means of

Air conditioning unit a larger amount of air compressed and adsorptively cleaned, as it is needed to form the air liquefaction product and its storage. The corresponding "excess" air may optionally be cooled to an intermediate temperature in the countercurrent heat exchange unit, and then decompressed and passed through the countercurrent heat exchange unit from the cold end to the warm end. In this way, the required refrigeration demand can be covered without additional facilities. The use of an external refrigeration cycle, however, allows a completely independent provision of cold.

A plant adapted to store and recover energy by forming an air liquefaction product in an energy storage period and generating and extracting a pressure stream formed by using at least a portion of the air liquefaction product without heat input from an external heat source in an energy recovery period is also an object of the present invention ,

The plant has means adapted to the formation of the

Luftverflüssigungsprodukts air in an air conditioning unit to compress at least by means of an adiabatic compressor device and adsorptively clean by means of at least one adsorptive cleaning device at a superatmospheric pressure level in the Luftkonditioniereinheit downstream of the adiabatically operated compressor device from the compressed air in this first and form a second partial stream and passing the first and second substreams in parallel through a first heat storage device and a second heat storage device to store heat generated in the compression of the air at least in part in the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device, the compressed and adsorptively cleaned air from a temperature level in a range of 0 to 50 ° C to a first portion in one

Fixed bed cold storage unit and a second share in one

Countercurrent heat exchange unit at a condensing pressure level in one Liquefied region of 40 to 100 bara, and then to liquefy the air in at least one refrigeration unit to relax.

The means are further adapted to generate the pressure stream from at least a portion of the liquefaction product at a defrost pressure level that does not deviate from the condensing pressure level by more than 5 bar

Fixed bed cold storage unit to produce a de-condensing product, as well as the pressure flow during work expansion by a first

Relaxation device and a second expansion device to lead and to relax the pressure flow in each case, and upstream of the first

Relaxation device in the first heat storage device to transmit stored heat to the pressure flow and upstream of the second

Such a system advantageously has all the means to

Enable implementation of the method explained in detail above. Such a system therefore benefits from the advantages of a corresponding method, to which express reference is therefore made.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments of the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

FIGS. 1A and 1B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in an energy storage period and an energy recovery period.

Figure 2 shows a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the

Energy storage period.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period. Figure 4 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a

Embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 shows a heat storage device for a system according to a

Embodiment of the invention.

Figures 6A and 6B show a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention in the energy storage period and the energy recovery period.

Figures 7A and 7B show cooling means for air conditioning units according to embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 8 shows an air cleaning device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 shows a compressor device with a regeneration gas preheating device for an air conditioning unit according to an embodiment of the invention. Figures 10A and 10B show an air cleaner in the

Energy storage period and the energy recovery period for a

Air conditioning unit according to specific embodiments of the invention.

Figures 11A-11C show plants in accordance with embodiments of the invention and illustrate details of an associated countercurrent heat exchange unit.

Embodiments of the invention

In the figures, fundamentally corresponding elements, apparatus, devices and fluid streams are illustrated with identical reference numerals and will not be explained again in all cases for the sake of clarity.

In the figures, a plurality of valves is shown, which are partially permeable and partially disabled. Locking valves are shown crossed in the figures. Fluid flows interrupted by valves with shut-off valves and correspondingly deactivated facilities are predominantly dashed

illustrated. Gaseous or in supercritical state streams are with white (not filled) arrow triangles, liquid streams with black

illustrated (filled) arrow triangles.

In FIGS. 1A and 1B, a plant according to a particularly preferred embodiment is shown

Embodiment of the invention in an energy storage period (Figure 1A) and an energy recovery period (Figure 1B) shown and designated 100 in total.

The plant 100 comprises as central components an air conditioning unit 10, a fixed bed cold storage unit 20, a countercurrent heat exchange unit 30, a cold extraction unit 40, a liquid storage unit 50 and a

Energy recovery unit 60.

Here and below, some or all of the components shown may be present in any number and, for example, be charged in parallel with corresponding partial flows. In the energy storage period illustrated in FIG. 1A, the system 100 is supplied with an air flow a (AIR, feed air) and compressed and purified in the air conditioning unit 10. A correspondingly compressed and purified, in particular freed of water and carbon dioxide, stream b is located on a

Pressure level of, for example, 40 to 100 bara and is also referred to below as high-pressure air flow b.

The stream a is sucked and compressed in the air conditioning unit 10 via a filter 11 by means of a compressor device 12, for example by means of a multi-stage, adiabatically operated axial compressor. The compressed air is divided downstream of the compressor device 12 in the example shown in two sub-streams, each of which a heat storage device 131, 132 a

Heat storage unit 13 is supplied. The several times described

Heat storage devices 131, 132 may be operated, for example, using a fixed bed and / or a liquid heat storage medium, as also illustrated, for example, in the following Figures 4, 5, 6A and 6B. In the Heat storage unit 13 and its heat storage devices 131, 132, the heat of compression or compressor waste heat generated in the compressor device 12 may be at least partially stored. Downstream of the heat storage unit 3 is the compressed and through the

Heat storage unit 13 guided a current a cooling device 14 and then fed to an air cleaner 15. Examples of corresponding

Cooling devices 14 and air cleaning devices 15 are illustrated in more detail inter alia in the following FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8. For operation or regeneration of the air purification device 15, it can be supplied with a regeneration gas flow k explained below, and a current I can be carried out therefrom.

Downstream of the air cleaning device 15, a partial stream of the air of the stream a is taken as stream j, which is present at an (intermediate) pressure level of, for example, 5 to 20 bara. This current j is subsequently also referred to as medium-pressure air flow

(MPAIR). Air of the flow a not carried out as medium-pressure air flow j is further compressed in a further compressor device 16, for example an isothermally operated compressor device 16. The compressor device 16 may be formed as a multi-stage axial compressor. Downstream of the compressor device 16, a post-cooling device 17 may be arranged. Air compressed in the compressor device 16 and cooled in the aftercooler 17 is provided as the mentioned high pressure air flow b.

As already mentioned, the high-pressure air flow b and the medium-pressure air flow j through the air conditioning unit 10 are typically only in the

Energy storage period provided. In this energy storage period, the energy harvesting unit 60 is typically out of operation. Conversely, in the energy recovery period, typically only the energy harvesting unit 60, rather than the air conditioning unit 10, is in operation.

The high pressure air flow b is illustrated in FIG. 1A

Energy storage period of the system 100 divided into a first partial flow c and a second partial flow d. It is understood that in corresponding systems, the division of a corresponding high pressure air flow b can be provided in more than two partial streams. The air of the partial streams c and d (HPAIR) is supplied to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 on the one hand and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the other hand at the already mentioned pressure level of the high pressure air stream b and liquefied respectively in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30. The air of the corresponding liquefied streams e and f (HPLAIR) is combined into a collecting stream g. The pressure level of the flows e, f and g corresponds essentially, ie, except for line and cooling losses, the pressure level of the high pressure air flow b.

The liquefied air of the stream g, ie an air liquefaction product, is expanded in the refrigeration unit 40, which may comprise, for example, a generator turbine 41. The expanded air can be transferred, for example, into a separator tank 42, in the lower part of which a liquid phase separates and in the upper part of which there is a gas phase.

The liquid phase from the separator tank 42 may be withdrawn as stream h (LAIR) and transferred to the liquid storage unit 50, which may include, for example, one or more insulated storage tanks. The pressure level of the current h is, for example, 1 to 16 bara. The gas phase (flash) withdrawn from the upper part of the separator tank 42 as stream i can be passed countercurrent to the stream f through the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 and subsequently used in the air conditioning unit 10 in the form of the already mentioned stream k (LPAIR, reggas) as regeneration gas , The pressure level of the flow k is, for example, at atmospheric pressure to about 2 bara. Downstream is a corresponding current I

typically at atmospheric pressure (amb) and may, for example, be released into the environment.

During the energy storage period illustrated in FIG. 1A, the cold stored in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 is used to liquefy the air of the partial flow c. In addition, the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is provided in which additional air, namely air of the substream d, can be liquefied in countercurrent to, for example, a cold stream i that can be obtained from relaxed and thereby vaporized air of the stream g. The use of countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 allows more flexible operation of the plant 100 than would be the case using only the fixed bed cold storage unit 20. By the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is further the already mentioned

Medium pressure air flow j (MPAIR) provided. In the energy recovery period illustrated in FIG. 1B, the liquefied storage unit 50, liquefied air (LAIR) previously stored in the energy storage period, ie the air liquefaction product, is removed and pressure-increased by means of a pump 51. A stream m (HPLAIR) thus obtained is passed through the fixed bed cold storage unit 20 and thereby vaporized or transferred from the liquid to the supercritical state ("de-liquidified"). So it will be one

Liquefied product formed from which, as shown here completely, or even partially, a fluid flow is formed. The current m is on a

comparable pressure level before as the previously explained high-pressure air flow b. Also in the obtained by the evaporation or the transfer of the liquid to the supercritical state in the fixed bed cold storage unit 20, the pressure flow n is thus a high pressure air flow.

The pressure flow n is illustrated in that in FIG. 1B

Energy recovery period in the energy recovery unit 60 first heated by stored in the first heat storage device 131 of the heat storage unit 13 in the energy storage period (see Figure 1A) stored heat and

then in a first expansion device 61, here as

Generator turbine is designed, relaxed. Subsequently, the pressure flow n in the energy recovery unit 60 is achieved by means of the second heat storage device 132 of the heat storage unit 13 in the energy storage period (see FIG.

heated heat stored and then in a second

Relaxation device 62, which is also designed here as a generator turbine, further relaxed. A correspondingly relaxed current o is present, for example, at atmospheric pressure (amb) and can be released into the environment.

In the system 100 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are arranged upstream of the compressor device 16 and downstream of the heat storage device 13, respectively. However, it is also possible, the cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 downstream of the

Compressor 16 and the Nachkühleinrichtung 17 to arrange, as shown in FIG 2 is shown. Figure 2 illustrates a corresponding system in the energy storage period, which is not designated separately. The

Cooling device 14 and the air cleaning device 15 are thus provided here in a region of higher pressure and can thus be made smaller. In the system shown in Figure 2 also no medium pressure air flow j is formed.

In the systems shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2, a regeneration gas flow k is provided in the energy storage period in which the air purification device 15 simultaneously has to provide a cleaning performance. Therefore, in appropriate systems, the air purification devices 15 must be formed inevitably operable with alternating adsorber, as also illustrated in Figure 8. On the other hand, provision of a regeneration gas flow k during the energy recovery period in which the air purification device 15 is not required in any case makes it possible to use only one adsorber vessel (see Figures 10A and 10B) and thus to design and operate a corresponding facility in a simpler and less costly manner.

As can be seen from the synopsis of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the regeneration gas flow k can therefore also be located in the system in a corresponding system

Energy recovery period (Figure 3B) are formed. He will do this

is preferably provided as a high pressure stream k by being branched off from the high pressure stream n. After its use in the air purification device 15, the regeneration gas flow k can be combined again as stream I with the high-pressure air stream n. In the stream I downstream of the air cleaner 15 contained

Components such as water and carbon dioxide generally prove to be due to the temperatures present in the energy harvesting unit 60

unproblematic. The variant illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B has the advantage that less compressed air is lost. In Figure 4 is a heat storage device for a system according to a

Embodiment of the invention shown. As in the previous figures, the heat storage device is denoted here by 131 and 132, respectively. The heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 4 is designed as a fixed bed heat storage device 131, 132 and has a heat storage medium in the form of a fixed bed 1. The fixed bed 1 is in a pressure vessel 2 with inlet and outlet 3 arranged and can be flowed through in this way by means of the compressor device 12 compressed air. The pressure vessel 2 is surrounded by a thermal insulating layer 4. FIG. 5 also illustrates a heat storage device for a plant according to an embodiment of the invention, and denotes 131 or 132 in total. A fixed-bed heat storage medium can be arranged here in a container 5 which is illustrated only schematically, through which a heat transfer medium 6, which can be conveyed by means of a pump 7, flows. The

Heat transfer from the compressed by means of the compressor device 12 air of the current a to the heat transfer fluid 6 can by means of a suitable

Heat exchanger 8 done.

In contrast to the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 4, the heat storage device 131, 132 shown in FIG. 5 thus comprises an indirect heat transfer to the heat storage medium (not shown).

In FIGS. 6a and 6b, a heat storage device 131, 132, referred to as

Liquid heat storage device is formed in an energy storage period (Figure 6A) and an energy recovery period (Figure 6B) shown.

In the energy storage period illustrated in FIG. 6A, the multiply explained flow a (after a first compression in the compressor device 12) is thereby passed through a heat exchanger 71 in countercurrent to a cold one

Heat storage fluid out of a storage tank 72 out. The heat storage fluid from the storage tank 72 is thereby conveyed by means of a pump 73 through the heat exchanger 71 and, appropriately heated, transferred in a further storage tank 74.

In contrast, in the energy recovery period illustrated in FIG. 6B, a stream to be heated, in this case the high-pressure air stream n, is guided in the opposite direction to the stream a through the heat exchanger 71 and heated by means of a warm heat storage medium now also conveyed in the opposite direction.

In Figure 7A is a cooling device 14 for use in a

Air conditioning unit 10, as shown for example in the figures previously shown 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B is shown in detail. The cooling device 14 may be arranged with a downstream of the heat storage unit 13 (see Figures 1A, 1B and 2) and downstream of the Nachkühleinrichtung 17 (see Figures 3A and 3B). A corresponding current, designated here by r, is fed into a lower region of a direct contact cooler 141. The current r corresponds to the previously in the

Compressor 12 compressed and the heat storage unit 13 cooled stream a. In an upper region of the direct contact cooler 141, a water flow (H20), which is guided by means of a pump 142 through an (optional) cooling device 143, is introduced. Water can be withdrawn from a lower portion of the direct contact cooler 141. From the head of the direct contact cooler 141, a correspondingly cooled stream s is withdrawn, which can then be transferred into an air cleaning device 15 (compare FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3A and 3B).

By way of derogation, according to the variant of the cooling device 14 illustrated in FIG. 7B, no direct contact cooler 141 but a heat exchanger 144 is provided. This heat exchanger 144 can also be operated with a water flow, which is conducted by means of a pump 142 through an (optional) cooling device 143.

FIG. 8 illustrates in detail an air-cleaning device 15 which is suitable in particular for use in an air-conditioning unit 10, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. A there derived, for example, from a cooling device 14, cooled current s can in this case in alternating operation by two

Adsorberbehälter 151, which have, for example, molecular sieve be performed. The current s corresponds to the current a treated as explained above. In the adsorber tanks 151 are in particular water and carbon dioxide from the

Power s removed. A corresponding received current t, which for example in the case of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2 can correspond to the current b, is the device respectively arranged downstream thereof, for example the next compressor device (see FIGS. 1A and 1B)

Fixed bed cold storage unit 20 or the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 (see Figure 3) supplied.

The adsorber tank 151 not used in each case for purifying the stream s can be regenerated by means of the already explained regeneration gas stream k. The Regeneriergasstrom k can initially an optional Regeneriergasvorheizeinnchtung 152 are fed, which is illustrated in an example in the following Figure 9. In a downstream

Regeneriergasheizeinrichtung 153, for example, electrically and / or with

Hot steam can be operated, the Regeneriergasstrom k is further heated and passed through the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated in each case. Downstream of the adsorber tank 151 to be regenerated, a corresponding current I is present. The same applies if at the time shown no regeneration gas is needed, because in this case a corresponding current I is performed directly from the air purification device 5 (see stream I in the upper part of Figure 8).

In particular, FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of a regeneration gas preheating device 152 according to an embodiment of the invention. The

Regeneriergasvorheizeinnchtung 152 may for example replace or supplement a Nachkühleinrichtung 17 and thus be disposed downstream of an air compressor 16. A warmed up due to a corresponding compression

Air flow can be passed through or past a heat exchanger 152a of the regeneration gas preheater 152 and thereby heat to a

Transfer regeneration gas flow k. FIGS. 10A and 10B show air cleaning devices 15 which are particularly suitable for the embodiments of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B or the air conditioning devices shown therein. The energy storage period (FIG. 10A) and the energy recovery period (FIG. 10B) are illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, wherein a purification of a corresponding current s takes place in the energy storage period. Because in the energy recovery period of a corresponding system 100 no air in the form of the current a is supplied and thus the air conditioning device 10 is not in operation, is a corresponding adsorber 151 in such times (Figure 10B) for regeneration available. The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B therefore has the particular advantage that only one corresponding adsorber tank 151 has to be provided, and not two, which are operated in alternating operation according to FIG.

Again, a Regeneriergasstrom k in an optional

Regenerating gas preheating (not shown), preheated and in one Regeneriergasheizeinrichtung 153 are heated. The Regeneriergasheizeinrichtung 153 can be operated in particular by means stored in the heat storage unit 13 heat (not shown). In the energy recovery period illustrated in FIG. 10B, appropriately heated regeneration gas is thus conducted through the adsorber tank 151; in the energy storage period (FIG. 10A), this regeneration gas tank 151 is available for the purification of the flow s. Figures 1A-1C illustrate installations according to more preferred

Embodiments of the invention in each case in the energy storage period. The plants correspond in this case with respect to the fixed bed cold storage unit 20, the

Refrigeration unit 40, the liquid storage unit 50 and the

Energy recovery unit 60 substantially the previously explained

Embodiments, however, differ in particular in terms of

Countercurrent heat exchange unit 30, which will therefore be explained below.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11A, the

Countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 are operated, for example, by means of a current u from the cold end to the warm end by one or more

Heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 is guided.

To provide the current u, for example, a separate

Liquefaction process 32 implemented by means of its own, i. in addition to the air conditioning unit 10 provided, compressor is operated.

In contrast, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11B, which substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the

Countercurrent heat exchange unit 10, a medium-pressure air flow j supplied and fed to the heat exchanger 31 at the hot end. The current j can be removed from the heat exchanger 31 at an intermediate temperature and in a

Generator turbine 33 to be relaxed. Another partial stream of

High pressure air flow b or its partial flow d can also at a

Taken intermediate temperature of the heat exchanger 131 and relaxed in another generator turbine 34. The streams mentioned can be combined and be performed together through the generator turbine 33. Refrigeration released by the expansion is used to liquefy the stream c (see FIGS. 1A and TB) by supplying corresponding flows to the heat exchanger 31 together with the already explained stream i on the cold side.

In a variant shown in FIG. 11C, the current i is supplied to the heat exchanger 31 of the countercurrent heat exchange unit 30 on the cold side, taken at an intermediate temperature, with the medium-pressure air flow j, which is also up to one

Intermediate temperature was passed through the heat exchanger 31, combined, and then relaxed in the generator turbine 33. Beforehand, corresponding air can be combined with a partial stream of the stream c, as already shown in FIG. 11B.

The embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 11B and 11C are particularly suitable for use at different pressure levels

present currents i.

Claims

claims

A method of storing and recovering energy, wherein an air liquefaction product (LAIR) is formed in an energy storage period and a pressure stream is formed and work expanded in an energy recovery period using at least a portion of the air liquefaction product (LAIR) without heat input from an external heat source, the method comprising, for the formation of the air liquefaction product (LAIR)

To compress air (AIR) in an air conditioning unit (10) at least by means of an adiabatically operated compressor device (12) and to adsorptively purify it by means of at least one adsorptive cleaning device (15) at a superatmospheric pressure level in the air conditioning unit (10) operated downstream of the adiabatic

Compressor device (12) from the in this compressed air (AIR) to form a first and a second partial flow and the first and the second partial flow in parallel through a first heat storage device (131) and a second heat storage device (132) to lead

at least part of the heat generated in the compression of the air (AIR) in the first heat storage device (131) and the second

To store heat storage device (132),

- The compressed and adsorptively purified air (HPAIR) from a temperature level in a range of 0 to 50 ° C to a first portion in a fixed bed cold storage unit (20) and a second portion in a countercurrent heat exchange unit (30) at a condensing pressure level in a range from 40 to 100 bara to liquefy, and

- The liquefied air (HPLAIR) then in at least one

Refrigeration Unit (40) to relax, and for forming the pressure stream from at least a portion of the liquefaction product (LAIR) at a defrosting pressure level that does not exceed 5 bar of the liquefaction pressure level

Condensing pressure level is different, in the fixed bed cold storage unit (20) to produce a liquefaction product (HPAIR), as well

- The pressure flow in the work expansion by a first

Relaxation device (61) and a second expansion device (62) to lead and to relax the pressure flow in each case, and

- upstream of the first expansion device (61) in the first

Heat storage device (131) to transmit stored heat to the pressure flow and upstream of the second expansion device (62) in the second heat storage device (132) to transfer stored heat to the pressure flow.

The method of claim 1, comprising, in at least one of

Heat storage devices (131, 132) a fixed bed (1) and / or

Liquid heat storage medium to use.

The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising, in at least one of

Heat storage devices (131, 132) to transfer a heat storage fluid between at least two storage tanks (72, 74) and transfer the heat in at least one heat exchanger (71) from or to the at least one heat storage fluid.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising, in at least one of the heat storage devices (131, 132) to heat a heat storage medium to a temperature level of 50 to 400 ° C.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein as the first expansion device (61) and as the second expansion device (62) in each case a generator turbine is used. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises at least one adsorptive cleaning device (15) to supply a regeneration gas, which is formed from a part of previously in the air conditioning unit (10) compressed and adsorptively purified air (HPAIR). 7. The method of claim 6, comprising regenerating gas during the

Energy storage period from at least part of a formed during the expansion of the liquefied air (HPLAIR) evaporation product.

8. The method of claim 6, comprising the regeneration gas during the

Energy recovery period from at least part of the

Make liquefaction product (HPAIR).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising passing an evaporation product formed by the expansion of the liquefied air (HPLAIR) through the countercurrent heat exchange unit (30).

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one refrigerant through the countercurrent heat exchange unit (30) provided by means of an external refrigeration cycle and / or by relaxing from a part of previously in the air conditioning unit (10) compacted and adsorptively purified Air (AIR) is formed.

An apparatus (100) for storing and recovering energy by forming an air liquefaction product (LAIR) in an energy storage period and generating and extracting a workload using at least a portion of the air liquefaction product (LAIR)

Pressure flow is set up without heat supply from an external heat source in an energy recovery period, wherein the system (100) has means that are adapted to it for the formation of the air liquefaction product (LAIR)

To compress air (AIR) in an air conditioning unit (10) at least by means of an adiabatically operated compressor device (12) and to adsorptively clean it by means of at least one adsorptive cleaning device (15) at a superatmospheric pressure level,

- operated in the air conditioning unit (10) downstream of the adiabatic

Compressor device (12) from the in this compressed air (AIR) to form a first and a second partial flow and the first and the second partial flow in parallel by a first heat storage device (131) and a second heat storage device (132) to lead

To store heat storage device (132),

- The liquefied air (HPLAIR) then in at least one

Refrigeration recovery unit (40) to relax, and to form the pressure flow

from at least part of the liquefaction product (LAIR) in a

Degasification pressure level not exceeding 5 bar of the

Condensing pressure level is different, in the fixed bed cold storage unit (20) to produce a liquefaction product (HPAIR), as well - To guide the pressure flow in the work-relaxation by a first expansion device (61) and a second expansion device (62) and to relax the pressure flow in each case, and

- upstream of the first expansion device (61) in the first

Heat storage device (131) to transmit stored heat to the pressure flow and upstream of the second expansion device (62) in the second heat storage device (132) to transmit stored heat to the pressure flow.

12. Plant (100) according to claim 11, which has means which are set up for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10.