EP3128233A1 - Système de mélange à évaporateur - Google Patents

Système de mélange à évaporateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3128233A1
EP3128233A1 EP16182129.3A EP16182129A EP3128233A1 EP 3128233 A1 EP3128233 A1 EP 3128233A1 EP 16182129 A EP16182129 A EP 16182129A EP 3128233 A1 EP3128233 A1 EP 3128233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
air
arrangement
mixing
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16182129.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3128233B1 (fr
Inventor
Christof Schlör
Wolfgang Pfister
Christoph Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3128233A1 publication Critical patent/EP3128233A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3128233B1 publication Critical patent/EP3128233B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D5/00—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel
    • F23D5/12—Details
    • F23D5/18—Preheating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
    • F23D3/40—Burners using capillary action the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D5/00—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel
    • F23D5/12—Details
    • F23D5/123—Inserts promoting evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
    • F23C2700/026—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel with pre-vaporising means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/05002—Use of porous members to convert liquid fuel into vapor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/14—Vehicle heating, the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixing arrangement for mixing fuel vapor with air, preferably for a fuel-powered vehicle heater, comprising a fuel vaporisation arrangement for dispensing vaporized fuel on a vaporization side of the fuel vaporization assembly.
  • Such mixing arrangements known in the art are generally part of a combustion chamber, such as a fuel-powered vehicle heater.
  • vaporized fuel is discharged directly into the combustion chamber and mixed with also in the combustion chamber supplied combustion air.
  • the air-fuel mixture produced in the combustion chamber is ignited immediately as soon as there is an air-fuel ratio suitable for combustion.
  • this object is achieved by a mixing arrangement for mixing fuel vapor with air, preferably for a fuel-powered vehicle heater, comprising a fuel evaporation arrangement for dispensing evaporated fuel on a Abdampfungsseite the fuel evaporation assembly and one of the fuel evaporation arrangement on the Abdampfungsseite at least partially opposite arranged air-fuel mixing unit for mixing fuel released on the evaporation side with air.
  • a mixing arrangement it is first ensured that fuel vapor emitted at the evaporation side of the mixing arrangement at least partially reaches the air-fuel mixing unit and is mixed with air therein.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit it is thus possible initially to ensure a defined air / fuel ratio in the air / fuel mixing unit before the air / fuel mixture is supplied to downstream functional areas, such as a combustion chamber.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit has at least one inflow region leading into the air-fuel mixing unit for supplying air into the air-fuel mixing unit.
  • the inflow region can be arranged such that inflowing air flows essentially parallel to the delivery side of the fuel evaporation arrangement.
  • a particularly homogeneous mixing of air and fuel vapor can be ensured, in particular, when the evaporation side has a substantially planar evaporation surface, since then air supplied parallel to the evaporation surface can flow uniformly over the entire evaporation surface and can mix with discharged fuel vapor.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit may have at least one guide element for conducting air and / or fuel vapor.
  • turbulence in the flow field of supplied air and discharged fuel vapor can also be provided in a targeted manner, as a result of which a homogeneous air-fuel mixture can be produced in the air-fuel mixing unit.
  • a particularly precise flow guidance of supplied air and discharged fuel vapor can be achieved with a plurality of guide elements. This allows for a high degree of turbulence and This ensures a particularly efficient mixing of air and fuel vapor.
  • the construction may be such that the guide elements are arranged around a central area in succession. This makes it possible to direct air through the guide elements from several directions to the central region and thereby provide in the central region for a particularly high degree of turbulence, which ultimately leads to an effective mixing of air with fuel vapor.
  • a rotational flow of the air-fuel mixture can be generated around the central region within the air-fuel mixing unit.
  • an inflow region is provided between at least two immediately adjacent guide elements, preferably between all immediately adjacent guide elements. This can be taken care of for an overall compact overall design, since the already existing guide elements can be used to provide the inflow.
  • the Air-fuel mixing unit is at least partially open to the fuel evaporation arrangement and / or away from the fuel evaporation arrangement.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit is open in the central region to the fuel evaporation arrangement and / or away from the fuel evaporation arrangement.
  • This construction allows in particular for a plurality of successively arranged around the central region guide elements with an inflow between adjacent guide elements an air inlet in the radial direction relative to a surface normal of a plan Abdampfungs Diagram and a mixture removal from the air-fuel mixing unit substantially in the direction of the surface normal.
  • At least one guide element has at least one straight or / and curved flow deflection surface.
  • At least two guide elements are formed integrally with each other. As a result, during operation, a defined relative positioning of the respective guide elements and thus a defined flow guidance can always be ensured. If at least two guide elements extend as far as the central area of the air-fuel mixing unit, it is preferred if these are formed integrally with one another in the central region. As a result, it can be effectively ensured that air flowing toward the central region and / or flowing fuel vapor is not influenced by any connection points between two guide elements.
  • the mixing arrangement may comprise a mixture guiding arrangement for discharging an air-fuel mixture formed in the air-fuel mixing unit have the air-fuel mixing unit away.
  • the mixture guide assembly may be integral with or separate from the air-fuel mixing unit.
  • the mixture guiding arrangement is like a shell and at least partially widening away from the evaporation side of the fuel evaporation arrangement.
  • the regional expansion of the mixture guiding arrangement requires, on the one hand, turbulence-generating speed changes of the flowing air-fuel mixture, which in turn results in a further mixing of air and fuel vapor.
  • the density of the air-fuel mixture can be influenced by the regional expansion of the mixture guiding arrangement and adjusted to operating parameters of downstream functional areas, such as a combustion chamber.
  • the Gemisch operationsan extract here as an adapter between a Exit region of the air-fuel mixing unit and a larger or smaller compared to this inflow of a downstream functional area serve.
  • the mixture guiding arrangement can not also have regionally tapered sections.
  • a tapered portion may be provided, for example, in a connection area between the air-fuel mixing unit and the mixture guiding arrangement. Such a portion can contribute to an increase in the flow velocity of the air-fuel mixture emerging from the air-fuel mixing unit and thereby contribute to a further mixing of air and fuel vapor by turbulences.
  • a section with a uniform flow cross section may also be provided, for example a cylindrical section.
  • the mixture guiding arrangement may be formed with a different shape.
  • the mixture guiding arrangement is at least partially conical and / or at least partially convex and / or at least partially concave.
  • the mixing arrangement may comprise a housing having a bottom wall and a peripheral wall adjoining the bottom wall, wherein the fuel evaporation arrangement is preferably provided on the bottom wall.
  • a compact construction can be provided in that a mixture guiding wall of the mixture guiding arrangement is at least partially surrounded by the circumferential wall, wherein an air inflow space is provided between the circumferential wall and the mixture guiding wall.
  • air conveyed by means of a side channel blower flows along the mixture guide wall, so that at low ambient temperatures, the air may be heated before entering the air-fuel mixing unit.
  • the evaporation of fuel in the fuel evaporation arrangement is not impaired by cold air flowing along the evaporation side.
  • the fuel evaporation arrangement comprises a liquid fuel from a fuel supply line receiving and by Kapillarn Quretuticasseite transporting porous evaporation body.
  • the fuel evaporation arrangement comprises a heating arrangement.
  • This may for example be formed spirally and arranged on a side opposite from the evaporation side of the fuel evaporation arrangement side.
  • a high thermal conductivity between the heating arrangement and the fuel evaporation arrangement can be provided by a material connection between the fuel evaporation arrangement and the heating arrangement.
  • the present invention relates to a vehicle heater comprising a mixing arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 a generally designated by the reference numeral 10 mixing arrangement.
  • the mixing assembly 10 may for example be installed in a fuel-powered vehicle heater and is provided for mixing fuel vapor with air.
  • the mixing assembly 10 includes a fuel vaporization assembly 12 for delivering vaporized fuel to an exhaust side 14 of the fuel vaporization assembly 12.
  • the vaporization side 14 of the fuel vaporization assembly 12 may be as shown in FIG FIG. 1 shown, a flat Abdampfungs preparation include, the surface normal A in FIG. 1 is shown.
  • the surface normal A defines an axial direction in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the mixing arrangement 10 may have a housing 16 with a bottom wall 18 and a peripheral wall 20 adjoining the bottom wall 18.
  • the fuel evaporation assembly 12 may be positioned on the bottom wall 18 such that the peripheral wall 20 extends substantially parallel to the surface normal A.
  • the fuel vaporization assembly 12 may include a liquid fuel from a fuel supply line 22 and conveyed by Kapillarone Angel to Abdampfungsseite 14, porous evaporation body 24.
  • the fuel evaporation arrangement 12 can comprise a heating arrangement 13. This may for example be formed spirally and arranged on one of the evaporation side 14 of the fuel evaporation arrangement 12 opposite side. A high thermal conductivity between the heating arrangement 13 and the fuel evaporation arrangement 12 can be provided by a material connection between the fuel evaporation arrangement 12 and the heating arrangement 13.
  • the mixing arrangement 10 further comprises an air-fuel mixing unit 26, arranged at least partially opposite the evaporation evaporation side 12, for mixing fuel discharged at the evaporation side 14 with air.
  • an air-fuel mixing unit 26 can first be provided for a defined air-fuel ratio before the air-fuel mixture downstream functional areas, such as a combustion chamber, not shown in Figure 1, is supplied. Since the composition of the exhaust gases released in the combustion process largely depends on the air-fuel ratio, a defined adjustment of the air-fuel ratio ultimately also the composition of the exhaust gases and thus the pollutant content can be controlled.
  • the mixing assembly 10 may include a mixture guide assembly 28 having a mixture guide wall 30 for discharging an air-fuel mixture formed in the air-fuel mixing unit 26 away from the air-fuel mixing unit 26.
  • the Gemisch operationswandung 30 of the mixture guide assembly 28 is partially surrounded by the peripheral wall 20 of the housing 16 of the mixing assembly 10 in the present embodiment.
  • a Luftanströmraum 31st provided over which air, for example by means of a side channel blower, not shown, along a direction of flow S promotes the air-fuel mixing unit 26 and this is supplied via an inflow 32.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit 26 In order to be particularly easy to introduce fuel vapor into the air-fuel mixing unit 26 and in order to be able to discharge particularly easily from the air-fuel mixture 26 produced in the air-fuel mixing unit, the air-fuel mixing unit 26, as in Fig. 1 shown to be open to the fuel evaporation assembly 12 and away from it in a central region Z.
  • This configuration thus allows an air supply in the air-fuel mixing unit 26 with respect to the surface normal A radially inward to the central region Z in respective, between immediately adjacent guide elements 34 limited flow channels 33 and a mixture discharge from the air-fuel mixing unit 26 in the axial direction A.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit 26 comprises a plurality of guide elements 34 for conducting air and / or fuel vapor.
  • the flow of both supplied air and discharged fuel vapor can be selectively influenced within the air-fuel mixing unit 26.
  • turbulences in the flow field of supplied air and discharged fuel vapor can thereby be provided in a targeted manner, whereby a homogeneous air-fuel mixture in the air-fuel mixing unit 26 can be generated.
  • the arrangement of the guide elements 34 in an orthogonal to the surface normal A plane is in the sectional view of Fig. 5 shown.
  • This representation corresponds to that represented by the line VV in FIG Fig. 1 indicated section.
  • the guide elements 34 are arranged successively about a central region Z, wherein an inflow region 32 and a flow channel 33 for air to the air-fuel mixing unit 26 are respectively defined between two immediately adjacent guide elements 34.
  • the guide elements 34 have a concave and a convex flow deflection surface 36a, 36b.
  • FIG. 6 An alternatively configured air-fuel mixing unit 126 with alternatively configured guide elements 134 is in Fig. 6 shown.
  • Guide elements 134 shown differ from the guide elements 34 according to Fig. 5 by the shape of the flow deflecting surfaces 136a, 136b.
  • the inlet angle of inflowing air into the air-fuel mixing unit 126 can be adjusted by the guide elements 134.
  • FIG Fig. 7 Another alternatively configured air-fuel mixing unit 226 is shown in FIG Fig. 7 shown. Similar to the guide elements 134 according to Fig. 5 also have the in Fig. 7 shown guide elements 234 of the air-fuel mixing unit 226 each have a convex and a concave flow deflecting surface 236a and 236b. Unlike in the Figures 5 and 6 shown guide elements 134, the guide elements 234 extend into the central region Z and are integrally connected to each other there. In this way, a defined relative positioning of the respective guide elements 234 to each other can be ensured. Because the only connection point in the central area Z, the flow of air and fuel to the central region Z is also not hindered.
  • inflow regions 132 and 232 or flow channels 133 and 233 can also be provided between directly adjacent guide elements 134 and 234, respectively.
  • inflow regions 132 and 232 or flow channels 133 and 233 can also be provided between directly adjacent guide elements 134 and 234, respectively.
  • vanes with straight flow deflecting surfaces may be combined with vanes having a convex and / or a concave flow deflecting surface.
  • the mixture guide assembly 28 may, as in Fig. 1 represented shell-like and be formed by the evaporation side 14 of the fuel vaporization 12 away at least partially widening.
  • the regional expansion of the mixture guiding arrangement 28 requires, on the one hand, turbulence-generating changes in the velocity of the flowing air-fuel mixture which, in turn, result in further mixing of air and fuel vapor.
  • the density of the air-fuel mixture can be influenced by the regional expansion of the mixture guiding arrangement 28 and adapted to operating parameters of downstream functional areas, such as a combustion chamber.
  • a mixture guide arrangement 28 designed in this way can serve as an adapter between an outlet region of the air-fuel mixing unit 26 and a larger or smaller inflow region of a downstream functional region compared to this.
  • the mixture guiding arrangement may be formed with a different shape. This can, for example, at least partially conically and / or at least partially convex and / or at least partially concave be widening. However, it may also have tapered portions, which lead to an increase in the speed of the flowing air-fuel mixture. This can cause turbulence in the flow field of the air-fuel mixture be generated, which contribute to a further mixing of air and fuel vapor.
  • the mixture guide wall 30 of in Fig. 1 shown mixture guiding assembly 28 has, starting from the fuel evaporation assembly 12 has a tapered portion 35.
  • the tapered portion 35 is adjoined by two flared portions: a first portion 36 that is closer and flared to the air-fuel mixing unit 26, and a second portion 38 that is further and concave-widening the air-fuel mixing unit 26.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative designed mixture guide arrangement 128 is in FIG. 2 shown.
  • FIG Fig. 3 Another alternative mixture guide assembly 228 is shown in FIG Fig. 3 shown. Also, the mixture guide wall 230 of the mixture guide assembly 228 according to Fig. 3 has, similar to the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , starting from the fuel evaporation assembly 12 has a tapered portion 235. At this closes, deviating from the in Fig. 1 shown mixture guide assembly 28, a convexly expanding portion 236 at.
  • FIG Fig. 4 Another alternative mixture guide assembly 328 is shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown.
  • the mixture guide wall 330 of this mixture guide assembly 328 has, similar to the Gemisch operationssan Aunt 28 according to Fig. 1 , starting from the fuel evaporation assembly 12 has a tapered portion 335. At this closes, deviating from the in Fig. 1 shown mixture guide assembly 28, a concave widening portion 336 at.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 shown mixture guide assemblies 28, 128, 228, 328 with the differently designed air-fuel mixing units 26, 126 and 226 of FIGS. 5 to 7 can be combined as desired.
  • a convex widening can be understood as a progressive widening, for example as a progressively increasing flow cross-sectional area.
  • a concave extension can be understood as a degressive extension, for example as a degressively increasing flow cross-sectional area.
  • a conical enlargement can be understood as a constant extension, for example as a constantly increasing flow cross-sectional area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP16182129.3A 2015-08-06 2016-08-01 Systeme de melange à évaporateur Active EP3128233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015112932.9A DE102015112932A1 (de) 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 Mischanordnung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3128233A1 true EP3128233A1 (fr) 2017-02-08
EP3128233B1 EP3128233B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

Family

ID=56852054

Family Applications (1)

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EP16182129.3A Active EP3128233B1 (fr) 2015-08-06 2016-08-01 Systeme de melange à évaporateur

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EP (1) EP3128233B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015112932A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113386529A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-14 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制系统有限公司 用于燃料运行的车辆加热器的燃烧室结构组件
WO2022111843A1 (fr) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-02 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Unité de brûleur

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0166329A2 (fr) * 1984-06-25 1986-01-02 AG Verfahrenstechnik für Heizung VTH Brûleur, en particulier brûleur pour l'incinération de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux
EP1338450A2 (fr) * 2002-02-25 2003-08-27 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Appareil de chauffage, en particulier pour un véhicule
DE102005001900A1 (de) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-27 Webasto Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines homogenen Gemisches aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3928214A1 (de) * 1989-08-25 1990-03-08 Zimmermann Hans Georg Dipl Ing Brenner mit brenngas-rueckfuehrung fuer fliessfaehige brennstoffe
DE19529994C2 (de) * 1994-11-10 2003-06-26 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Verdampferbrenner für ein Heizgerät
DE19821672A1 (de) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Walter Swoboda Vormischbrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe
JP2002310405A (ja) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-23 Denso Corp 燃焼器
JP2003021322A (ja) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-24 Nippon Soken Inc 燃焼式加熱装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0166329A2 (fr) * 1984-06-25 1986-01-02 AG Verfahrenstechnik für Heizung VTH Brûleur, en particulier brûleur pour l'incinération de combustibles liquides à l'état gazeux
EP1338450A2 (fr) * 2002-02-25 2003-08-27 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Appareil de chauffage, en particulier pour un véhicule
DE102005001900A1 (de) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-27 Webasto Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines homogenen Gemisches aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113386529A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-14 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制系统有限公司 用于燃料运行的车辆加热器的燃烧室结构组件
EP3879175A1 (fr) 2020-03-13 2021-09-15 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH Composant de chambre de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage à combustible pour véhicule
US20210283985A1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-16 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH Combustion chamber assembly unit for a fuel-operated vehicle heater
DE102020106881A1 (de) 2020-03-13 2021-09-16 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH Brennkammerbaugruppe für ein brennstoffbetriebenes Fahrzeugheizgerät
US11772455B2 (en) * 2020-03-13 2023-10-03 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH Combustion chamber assembly unit for a fuel-operated vehicle heater
CN113386529B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2024-08-06 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制系统有限公司 用于燃料运行的车辆加热器的燃烧室结构组件
WO2022111843A1 (fr) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-02 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Unité de brûleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015112932A1 (de) 2017-02-09
EP3128233B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

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