EP3123491B1 - Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3123491B1
EP3123491B1 EP15712258.1A EP15712258A EP3123491B1 EP 3123491 B1 EP3123491 B1 EP 3123491B1 EP 15712258 A EP15712258 A EP 15712258A EP 3123491 B1 EP3123491 B1 EP 3123491B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quenching
arc
permanent magnets
switching
switching apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15712258.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3123491A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Kralik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Schaltbau GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3123491A1 publication Critical patent/EP3123491A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3123491B1 publication Critical patent/EP3123491B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle for interrupting DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • a generic arc extinguishing device comprises at least one quenching element and at least one permanent magnet for influencing an arc that occurs during the switching process.
  • the arc is blown into the quenching element by a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet.
  • the at least one permanent magnet simultaneously forms the quenching element and is arranged and poled in such a way that the arc is attracted to the permanent magnet, and is thus sucked onto the permanent magnet and quenched by it.
  • the electrical switching device is in particular a unidirectionally switching direct current contactor.
  • a switching arc forms at the switching point of a contactor during the switching process, i.e. when the contact points are opened. This releases a considerable amount of thermal energy, which can damage the switching device. In particular when particularly high currents are switched, the existence or effect of the switching arc can lead to damage or destruction of the switching device.
  • extinguishing elements are provided in the immediate vicinity of the switching point.
  • the extinguishing elements are generally plate-shaped and arranged at a distance from one another. They divide and cool the switching arc, thereby extinguishing it.
  • Both extinguishing plates and ceramic extinguishing plates can be used as extinguishing elements.
  • a suitable magnetic field is generated in order to drive (blow) the switching arc into the quenching elements.
  • a permanent magnet is usually provided to generate the magnetic field.
  • the design of the magnetic field can also be suitably influenced with the help of pole plates.
  • An electrical switching device of this type is for example from the German patent DE 1246851 B known.
  • the arc extinguishing device described there electrical switching device has a large number of deion plates as quenching plates. The switching arc is blown into the quenching plates by a permanent magnet.
  • Another electrical switching device of this type is also from DE 102010031907 B9 known.
  • a permanent magnet is used as a blowing magnet.
  • the quenching elements are designed as ceramic quenching plates in this switching device.
  • Switching devices of this type are used, for example, as direct current contactors in solar technology.
  • the requirements that the switching devices have to meet in this area are becoming ever higher.
  • there is still increasing cost pressure Due to the cost pressure i. d. R. relatively small sized contactors are used, but their switching capacity often no longer meets the increasing requirements.
  • the switching capacity of the contactors used is not sufficient to switch any short-circuit currents that may occur. This means that the switching arc that occurs during the switching process cannot be safely extinguished.
  • An arc extinguishing device is, for example, from DE 2851560 A1 and from GB 1082175 A known.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved arc extinguishing device of the generic type for an electrical switching device.
  • the improvement of the arc extinguishing device and thus the improvement in the switching capacity of the electrical switching device should be as inexpensive and easy to accomplish.
  • the invention is intended to be suitable for relatively small-sized DC contactors for use in solar technology.
  • the switching capacity should be improved without significantly increasing the dimensions of the electrical switching device.
  • a permanent magnet can be used as an extinguishing element instead of a quenching plate or a ceramic quenching plate, specifically for cooling and thus for quenching the switching arc.
  • the solution according to the invention also has the advantage that the switching arc does not have to be blown into the quenching area by an additional external blowing field. Rather, the switching arc is attracted by the quenching element or the quenching elements (quenching area) itself. It has shown that the switching arc can be extinguished particularly quickly and reliably. A particularly good extinguishing effect can be achieved by using bar magnets.
  • the solution according to the invention can be implemented inexpensively and simply, in particular since bar magnets are standard components which can be obtained particularly cheaply. It also has the advantage that the switching capacity of existing contactors can be significantly improved with conventional arc extinguishing devices while the external dimensions remain largely the same.
  • the invention does not rule out that, in addition to the permanent magnet designed as an extinguishing element, a conventional blowing magnet is provided, the magnetic field of which increases the blowing effect and is suitably aligned by any additional pole plates provided.
  • the permanent magnet is enclosed by a protective sleeve made of ceramic, at least in the area exposed to the arc. As a result, the arc-quenching effect of the permanent magnet is almost completely retained even after several switching cycles.
  • Magnesium aluminum silicate or particularly preferably calcium aluminate is preferably used as the ceramic material for the protective sleeve. More preferably, the ceramic material is glass fiber reinforced, so that the protective sleeve is particularly robust and protected against mechanical damage. Glass fiber-reinforced calcium aluminate with silicone resin is particularly preferably used
  • the arc extinguishing device has an extinguishing chamber, the extinguishing chamber having an outlet opening, and the at least one permanent magnet serving as an extinguishing element being arranged in the region of the outlet opening.
  • the gases generated by the arc or the plasma generated by the arc are led out of the switching device through the outlet opening.
  • the permanent magnet serving as the quenching element is particularly preferably arranged outside the quenching chamber in the region of the outlet opening.
  • the permanent magnet is enclosed by the protective sleeve over its entire length.
  • the arc extinguishing device has at least two permanent magnets, which each serve as an extinguishing element and are arranged and polarized such that the arc is attracted by the at least two permanent magnets, which simultaneously form extinguishing elements. Even more preferably, several permanent magnets are provided per arc extinguishing device. This increases the arc extinguishing effect and increases the breaking capacity.
  • the permanent magnets serving as extinguishing elements are all poled in the same direction.
  • all of the permanent magnets are each surrounded by a ceramic protective sleeve, at least in the area exposed to the arc.
  • the permanent magnet (s) is / are particularly strong, so that the magnetic flux density acting on the arc from the permanent magnet is at least 20 millitesla, preferably at least 25 millitesla. This ensures that the arc is sucked in and extinguished by the permanent magnet (s) without further support.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged at a distance from one another in the same way as conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements. This results in a particularly quick and effective quenching of the switching arc.
  • the distance between the permanent magnets is preferably greater than one millimeter, and is more preferably in the range between 1 and 3 mm.
  • the spaced arrangement of the permanent magnets also has the advantage that the plasma, which is generated by the switching arc, can be conducted to the outside through the gap between the permanent magnets. More preferred are Permanent magnets are elongated and aligned so that their magnetic axes are essentially perpendicular to the projected longitudinal alignment of the switching arcs.
  • the permanent magnets consist of hard ferrite.
  • Hard ferrite is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets particularly suitable for arc quenching, similar to conventional ceramic quenching elements. When using hard ferrite permanent magnets, particularly effective cooling of the switching arc is achieved.
  • the permanent magnets are cylindrical, that is to say designed as round magnets.
  • the axes of the permanent magnets preferably lie in a common plane, and are further preferably aligned parallel to one another.
  • the invention further provides an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and an arc extinguishing device according to the invention assigned to the switching point.
  • the permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device by means of a common holder.
  • the common holder can also ensure that an optimal distance between the individual permanent magnets is always maintained. It is particularly advantageous if the holder can be clipped onto the switching device. This further simplifies assembly.
  • existing electrical switching devices for example existing DC contactors
  • the holder is preferably designed such that it can be clipped onto the housing or existing components of the electrical switching device. Exposed or cylindrically encased connecting bolts of the switch housing, for example, are particularly suitable for the attachment.
  • the arc extinguishing device is adjacent to the extinguishing areas of at least two arranged poles assigned to the switching device, the permanent magnet or the permanent magnets of the arc extinguishing device extending / extending over the entire width of the switching points arranged next to each other.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable, for example, for two-pole DC contactors. With contactors of this type, two switching points are usually arranged side by side, so that two switching arcs can also occur side by side.
  • This embodiment is particularly inexpensive and easy to manufacture, since only one arc quenching device is required for the quenching areas of two or even several poles lying next to one another.
  • a particularly advantageous and, in particular, space-saving arrangement is obtained if the holder of the permanent magnets is at least partially arranged between the switching points or poles arranged next to one another.
  • the present invention provides a method for increasing the switching capacity of an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and at least one arc extinguishing device which is assigned to the switching point, the arc extinguishing device having a multiplicity of quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements for arc quenching.
  • At least two permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device in the area of the outlet opening of a quenching chamber of the arc quenching device, so that the permanent magnets form quenching elements and are arranged and polarized in the same direction that the arc is attracted by the permanent magnets, and thereby on the permanent magnets are sucked and erased by them, the permanent magnets being designed as bar magnets and each being enclosed by a ceramic protective sleeve at least in the region which is exposed to the arc.
  • the quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements can either be removed or can remain in the device for additional support of the arc quenching.
  • existing electrical switching devices in particular direct current contactors, can be easily retrofitted in order to increase their switching capacity and in particular their short-circuit switching capacity.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged directly in front of the openings of the quenching chambers from which the conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements have been removed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a unidirectionally switching, two-pole DC contactor 1 of conventional design.
  • the contactor has a housing 15 in which the switching mechanism and the movable contacts are housed.
  • the electromagnetic drive 16 of the contactor is shown below the actual switch housing 15.
  • Two connection contacts 11 and 12 can be seen on the front narrow side of the housing. Since it is a two-pole contactor, a total of four connection contacts are provided. Each of the two connection contacts 11 and 12 provided on the front narrow housing side can therefore be connected to a corresponding connection contact on the opposite narrow housing side by means of the contactor.
  • the four connection contacts each lead to a fixed contact inside the housing.
  • two switching bridges are arranged in the interior of the housing, which are actuated by the electromagnetic drive 16 and each connect or separate two of the fixed contacts.
  • An arc quenching chamber is assigned to each switching point.
  • On the front narrow side of the housing two of the total of four quenching chambers can be seen, namely the left quenching chamber 13 and the right quenching chamber 14.
  • Both of the quenching chambers 13 and 14 shown each have an opening to the outside, so that the plasma generated by the switching arc follows from inside the housing can get outside.
  • Fig. 1 the slots for conventional quenching plates that have already been removed in the contactor shown.
  • the magnetic pole plates 6 of the blow magnets arranged inside the housing, through which the switching arc is blown into the quenching plates in the conventional design of the contactor.
  • an arc quenching device is used in the contactor shown, which is attached to the housing 15 of the contactor.
  • the contactor off Fig. 1 is in Fig. 2 shown with this arc extinguishing device. It essentially consists of four cylindrical permanent magnets 3, which are arranged directly in front of the openings of the two arcing chambers 13 and 14. How in particular from Fig. 4 emerges, the four permanent magnets 3 are held by a common holder 7, which can be attached to the housing 15 of the contactor 1.
  • the bracket ensures that the four elongated cylindrical permanent magnets are first parallel to each other and second slightly spaced be kept apart.
  • the axes of the four permanent magnets lie in a plane that is aligned parallel to the immediately adjacent narrow side of the housing.
  • the parallel alignment is best in Fig. 3 to recognize.
  • Fig. 3 also shows that the two switching points on the opposite narrow side of the housing are also equipped with the arc extinguishing device described above.
  • the distance between the outer circumference of two adjacent permanent magnets is approximately 2 mm.
  • the permanent magnets 3 can, for example, be glued or screwed to the holder 7.
  • the arc extinguishing device is fastened to the housing 15 of the contactor by means of a clip connection.
  • Fig. 4 it can be seen that the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 has two resilient clip ends 9 and 10 for this purpose. These are designed so that when you attach the bracket to the housing with the two in Fig. 1 lock the cylindrical housing elements 8 shown.
  • the upper clip end 9 is first hooked onto the upper of the two cylindrical housing elements 8, then the lower clip end 10 is pressed against the lower cylindrical housing element so that it springs open slightly and then latches with this lower cylindrical housing element.
  • the two cylindrical housing elements 8 are spacers, which are arranged between the two quenching chambers 13 and 14, and corresponding fastening bolts with which the housing is held together, in the area between the two quenching chambers. Because the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 is attached to the two spacers 8 arranged between the arcing chambers 13 and 14, the holder itself is also located between the openings of the two arcing chambers.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation for explaining the operation of the arc extinguishing device is shown.
  • a switching point is shown, consisting of one of the fixed contacts 4 arranged inside the housing and the end of the corresponding contact bridge 5 assigned to this fixed contact.
  • the end of the contact bridge forms thus the movable counter-contact, which is actuated by the drive 16 of the contactor.
  • the illustration shows a snapshot shortly after the opening of the two contacts 4 and 5.
  • a switching arc 2 arises between the contact points, which is caused by the magnetic field of the blow magnet (not shown) and also by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 3 to the right is driven or blown into the permanent magnets 3.
  • the permanent magnets 3 can consist of hard ferrite. This is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets 3, like conventional extinguishing elements made of ceramic, ideal for cooling and extinguishing arcs.
  • the plasma generated by the switching arc 2 is transported to the outside through the slots between the permanent magnets 3.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the representation corresponds to the representation Fig. 2 , with the difference that the permanent magnets 3 are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 17 made of ceramic.
  • the protective sleeves are hollow cylindrical and lie on the outer circumference of the respective permanent magnet. For example, they can be glued to the permanent magnets.
  • the invention is not only suitable for retrofitting existing contactors, but can also and in particular be used in completely newly developed electrical switching devices.
  • the invention offers the advantage that the switching capacity of electrical switching devices can be improved in a particularly simple manner and without a significantly increased space requirement.
  • Blower arrangements of conventional design which drive the switching arc into the quenching arrangements, can additionally be provided, but are not always absolutely necessary, since the switching arc is attracted by the permanent magnets of the arc quenching device itself in the inventive arc quenching device.
  • the permanent magnets are both a blowing magnet and an extinguishing element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP15712258.1A 2014-03-27 2015-03-25 Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung Active EP3123491B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014004455.6A DE102014004455B4 (de) 2014-03-27 2014-03-27 Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Schaltvorrichtung
PCT/EP2015/000639 WO2015144309A1 (de) 2014-03-27 2015-03-25 Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3123491A1 EP3123491A1 (de) 2017-02-01
EP3123491B1 true EP3123491B1 (de) 2020-07-15

Family

ID=53008431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15712258.1A Active EP3123491B1 (de) 2014-03-27 2015-03-25 Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US9947489B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP3123491B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP6591432B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR101846768B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN106663555B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE102014004455B4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2815273T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
RU (1) RU2663880C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
UA (1) UA117617C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO2015144309A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106300B4 (de) * 2017-03-23 2023-07-27 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer Lichtbogenlöschung
DE102017107441A1 (de) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit Kontaktabdeckung
US11205546B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2021-12-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Switch
DE102017125260A1 (de) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Schaltbau Gmbh Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung mit verbesserter Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung
GB2576338A (en) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-19 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Switching device and method for operating a switching device
KR102114225B1 (ko) 2018-12-05 2020-05-22 (주)신호엔지니어링 Ees 및 전기 송배전 시스템 접촉부의 안전 관리용 시스템 및 그 방법
DE102020104258B4 (de) * 2020-02-18 2022-09-29 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit zumindest zwei miteinander kommunizierenden Löschbereichen
DE102020124802A1 (de) * 2020-09-23 2022-03-24 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Schaltanordnung und Verfahren zum Messen einer Position einer Kontaktbrücke in einer Schaltanordnung
US11948762B2 (en) 2021-04-30 2024-04-02 Astronics Advanced Electronic Systems Corp. High voltage high current arc extinguishing contactor
DE102022122226A1 (de) * 2022-09-02 2024-03-07 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit Lichtbogenbegrenzung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA790138A (en) * 1968-07-16 Maggi Ernesto Arc-extinguishing chamber for alternating current

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2663880C2 (ru) 2018-08-13
RU2016133465A (ru) 2018-04-27
CN106663555A (zh) 2017-05-10
DE102014004455B4 (de) 2021-10-07
KR20160137616A (ko) 2016-11-30
WO2015144309A1 (de) 2015-10-01
UA117617C2 (uk) 2018-08-27
RU2016133465A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2018-04-27
US9947489B2 (en) 2018-04-17
DE102014004455A1 (de) 2015-10-15
US20170178831A1 (en) 2017-06-22
JP6591432B2 (ja) 2019-10-16
CN106663555B (zh) 2018-11-23
KR101846768B1 (ko) 2018-04-06
ES2815273T3 (es) 2021-03-29
JP2017510033A (ja) 2017-04-06
EP3123491A1 (de) 2017-02-01

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