EP3121350B1 - Prefabricated formwork element, formwork obtained and method for manufacturing a slab of a construction with a pass through opening delimited by said formwork - Google Patents

Description

Technical area :

The present invention relates to a prefabricated formwork element arranged to produce a formwork intended to provide, in a slab of a construction, a through reservation for the passage of a staircase, an elevator or the like, said formwork element comprising a profile provided with at least one vertical panel arranged to delimit at least a rectilinear part of the edge of said through reservation.

The invention also relates to a formwork obtained from at least one formwork element, as well as a method for manufacturing a slab of a construction comprising a through reservation for the passage of a staircase, an elevator or similar.

Previous technique:

In architecture, a through reservation made in a slab of a construction allowing the passage of a staircase, an elevator, a chimney flue, etc. is commonly called a hopper. The realization of this through reservation requires the installation of a formwork usually made from a wooden frame or the like delimiting an open space in the slab.

Before the manufacture of the staircase, elevator or similar, it is necessary to secure the gaping opening delimited by the formwork to prevent people and material from falling. To do this, it is known to set up, before the pouring the concrete of the floor slab, a wooden decking that closes the opening delimited by the formwork. After pouring the concrete of the floor slab, it is also known to have peripheral guardrails supported by uprights fixed in the floor. However, the wooden decking has the disadvantage of being easily removable, which creates a potential risk of falling for personnel working on the site. In addition, the decking can be likened to a storage area and can cause accidents due to the low resistance of the decking. On the other hand, the guardrails do not make it possible to secure the through reservation before the pouring of the concrete, since these are integrated once the floor has been completed.

The publication EP 0 927 796 A1 describes a formwork panel intended to form the edge of a slab. It is in the form of an L-shaped panel at a right angle which rests by its horizontal wing on a lower wall and on a bottom of formwork. The vertical wing, for its part, comprises a plurality of vertical channels for receiving fixing means allowing the fixing of the formwork panel to the formwork bottom. These fastening means are distinct and separate elements of the formwork panel and are fixed to the bottom of the formwork by nailing. A guardrail can also be attached to the formwork panel by means of attachment means attached to the formwork element. This formwork panel does not make it possible to protect an opening made in a slab using a protective net. It is intended to form the edges of a slab and not an opening delimited by a closed perimeter.

The publication EP 2 415 950 A2 relates to fall protection for an opening, this protection comprising a net and a frame formed of several tubes inserted by their ends into corner elements, which comprise means for fixing the protective net. This document does not describe formwork elements, since the frame is formed by tubes and not by vertical formwork panels, and a tube is not suitable for allowing the formwork of a opening. Finally, this document does not teach fixing means for guardrails.

Consequently, the solutions of the prior art do not make it possible to guarantee protection and safety of the through reservation delimited by the formwork which are optimal against the risk of falls and this throughout the duration of the construction site.

Description of the invention:

The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a formwork solution making it possible to secure a through opening in a slab of a construction in a simple, rapid and reliable manner during all the phases of the construction site, in complete safety from the lower floor, and this from the installation of the formwork, this formwork solution being versatile to be able to adapt to any form of through reservation and floor.

To this end, the invention relates to a formwork element having the characteristics of claim 1.

Said profile can be rectilinear and comprise connecting means arranged to be coupled to at least one beam of said slab.

Said profile can also be rectilinear and have an L-shape, and comprise a horizontal panel forming a support sole of said vertical panel, said horizontal panel comprising receiving means for carrier members of said formwork element.

The means for fixing said guardrail comprise at least one vertical tubular housing, accessible from above said vertical panel, and arranged to receive by interlocking a vertical upright of said guardrail.

The means for fixing said fall arrest net comprise at least one vertical attachment rod, and forming with said vertical panel a space to receive a part of the perimeter of said fall arrest net around said attachment rod. Said at least one hooking rod of said fixing means of said fall arrest net can be accessible from the side opposite said horizontal panel.

The receiving means may comprise at least two flat-bottomed reservations distributed on the underside of said horizontal panel and arranged to receive the flat ends of said supporting members.

In a preferred embodiment, said formwork element comprises stiffening means integrated in said vertical panel and/or in said horizontal panel.

Preferably, it comprises assembly means arranged at the opposite ends of the vertical panel and arranged to allow the assembly of adjacent formwork elements aligned or at right angles to form a formwork. These assembly means may comprise at one end a male end piece and at the other end a female end piece of a shape complementary to said male end piece, said end pieces extending vertically and delimiting an interlocking abutment such that the formwork elements adjacent panels are assembled by a vertical interlocking and that their horizontal panels are at the same level.

The formwork element is preferably a one-piece piece.

Also for this purpose, the invention relates to a formwork of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises at least one formwork element, as defined above, forming a polygonal closed frame.

The formwork may also comprise a plurality of formwork elements assembled together by said assembly means provided at the opposite ends of each formwork element to form a polygonal closed frame.

The formwork can also consist of a single piece.

The horizontal panels of said assembled formwork elements are preferably oriented outside of said closed polygonal frame delimited by said formwork.

It may also comprise at least two straight covering elements each arranged between two aligned and spaced formwork elements to form a polygonal closed frame of which at least two opposite sides are not multiples of a formwork element.

It may also comprise at least one angled cover element arranged between two parallel and distant formwork elements to form a polygonal closed frame, at least one side of which comprises a recess.

• l'on dispose à un endroit prédéterminé dans ladite dalle sur des organes porteurs ou sur des poutrelles de ladite dalle au moins un élément de coffrage tel que défini ci-dessus pour former un coffrage tel que défini ci-dessus,
• l'on met en place, dans les moyens de fixation desdits éléments de coffrage, des équipements de protection collective contre les chutes pour sécuriser ladite réservation traversante délimitée par ledit coffrage avant le coulage de la dalle.

The invention finally relates to a manufacturing process of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that:

• at a predetermined location in said slab, on bearing members or on beams of said slab, at least one formwork element as defined above is placed to form a formwork as defined above,
• collective protection equipment against falls is put in place in the fastening means of said formwork elements to secure said through reservation delimited by said formwork before the casting of the slab.

Preferably, at least one fall arrest net is fixed to the corresponding fixing means of said at least one formwork element accessible from inside the formwork to close said through-recess.

Preferably, at least one guardrail is mounted in the fastening means of said at least one formwork element accessible from the top of the formwork to prevent access to the through reservation.

Preferably, a plurality of adjacent formwork elements are assembled by their assembly means.

In this case, during assembly of said formwork elements, the horizontal panels of the formwork elements are oriented outside of said formwork and the vertical panels delimit the edges of said through reservation.

When laying said formwork elements, the corresponding ends of the supporting members are positioned in the means for receiving said formwork element.

When assembling said formwork elements, it is also possible to add at least two straight covering elements each arranged between two aligned and spaced formwork elements to form a formwork of which at least two opposite sides are not multiples of a formwork element.

When assembling said formwork elements, it is also possible to add at least one angled covering element arranged between two parallel and distant formwork elements to form a formwork, at least one side of which comprises a recess.

Brief description of the drawings:

• The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1A, 1B, 1C represent several perspective views of a formwork element according to the invention, respectively top view, rear view and bottom view,
  • the figure 2 is a perspective top view of a formwork obtained by assembling several formwork elements from Figures 1A, 1B, 1C ,
  • the picture 3 is a partial, exploded and perspective view of a covering element used in the formwork of the figure 2 ,
  • the figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the inside of the formwork of the figure 2 showing the attachment of a fall arrest net, and
  • the Figures 5A, 5B , 5C and 5D are perspective views of a slab during manufacture showing respectively the implementation of a formwork according to the invention on supporting members, the installation of a fall arrest net to secure the opening delimited by the formwork and the laying of the beams, the laying of the interjoists and the reinforcement, and the slab poured around the said secure formwork, then the laying of a guardrail to secure access to the formwork.

Illustrations of the invention and best way to carry it out:

With reference to the figures, the invention relates to a formwork element 1 used to form a formwork C. The formwork C can be obtained by assembling several formwork elements 1 together. According to a preferred application of the invention, the formwork element 1 is used to form the formwork C of a through reservation T, commonly called a hopper, in a slab of a construction, making it possible to reserve a passage for subsequent manufacture of a staircase, an elevator or the like. The formwork element 1 which will be described has the advantage to allow the security of the through opening T during the various phases of manufacture of the slab by the installation of collective protection equipment, such as a bodyguard G and/or a fall arrest net F, and this from the beginning of the construction site, without this collective protective equipment G, F interfering with the work of the workers during the various stages of the construction site. In general, a slab is understood to mean any slab which requires the pouring of concrete in whole or in addition to a prefabricated element, such as for example a slab cast in place, a floor with pre-slabs, a hollow core slab, a floor with beams.

With particular reference to figures 1A to 1C , the formwork element 1 is in the form of a rectilinear profile in the shape of an L comprising a vertical panel 11 and a horizontal panel 12. In the example illustrated, the vertical panel 11 comprises an outer wall 111, disposed side of the horizontal panel 12, arranged to delimit a rectilinear part of the edge of the through reservation T, and an inner wall 112 opposite the outer wall 111, arranged to be placed inside the formwork C. As explained below, these walls 111, 112 are structured and not smooth. The notions of interior and exterior walls are defined with respect to the interior and exterior of the formwork C. In addition, the horizontal panel 12 forms a support sole for the vertical panel 11 and comprises an upper face 121, preferably planar and smooth arranged to delimit a portion of the underside of the slab bordering the through reservation T, and a lower face 122 opposite the upper wall 121 structured as explained below. The formwork element 1 is preferably made in one piece, obtained by molding, injection or the like. Of course, the formwork element 1 can be manufactured in two separate parts then assembled, without this variant modifying the extent of the protection. For the manufacture of the formwork element 1, preference is given to a synthetic material, such as plastic, for example polypropylene, or the like, or a composite material. Of course, these examples are not limiting. Preferably, stiffening means, explained below, are incorporated into this formwork element 1, allowing it to be given the desired mechanical strength for that it can fulfill its various functions, namely formwork functions for a slab cast in a hydraulic material, but also holding and support functions for existing collective protective equipment protecting workers against falls of people and 'object. In a variant of the invention not shown, the formwork element is rectilinear and comprises only one vertical panel. In addition, it comprises connecting means arranged to be hooked to the beams forming the slab. More particularly, these connecting means may consist of two bars arranged parallel in the lower part of the vertical panel and spaced from each other by a determined space, as well as hooks projecting transversely to the vertical panel. The bars make it possible to receive the protruding part of the flange of the beam and the hooks to hang the main portion of the beam. In another variant not shown, the formwork element may have the shape of a polygonal frame whose shape corresponds to the through reservation. In this case, the formwork element and the formwork merge and form a single piece.

The vertical panel 11 comprises fixing means 14, 15 which make it possible to fix collective protective equipment, such as a guardrail G and a fall arrest net F. The example illustrated has both fixing means 14 d a guardrail G and means for fixing a fall arrest net F. It is however possible to provide only one or the other of these fixing means 14, 15, or to use only on the construction site that one or other of collective protection equipment G, F.

In the example illustrated, the fixing means 14 of a guardrail G comprise two vertical tubular housings 141, aligned, spaced from each other and integrated between the outer 111 and inner 112 walls of said vertical panel 11. They extend substantially over the entire height of the vertical panel 11 and are open at the top to be accessible from above the formwork C and closed at the bottom to form a stopper. They also have a section complementary to that of the uprights M of a guardrail G to receive them by simple male/female mechanical interlocking requiring no additional fastening means, as shown in figure 4 . The height of the tubular housings 141 is sufficient to ensure effective retention of the guardrail G without the uprights M being able to come out of said housings accidentally. The height of the tubular housings corresponds to the standards in force. In the example shown, this section is circular. But this example is not limiting and extends to any other section known for vertical uprights of a guardrail or any other equivalent collective protective equipment. Similarly, the design of these fastening means 14 may differ from the example shown, the main thing being that the uprights M of a guardrail G can be nested vertically from above the formwork C simply and quickly, without tools to prevent access to the interior of the formwork C. On the other hand, the present invention is not limited to two tubular housings 141 per formwork element 1. Indeed, this number may be equal to one or greater two, depending on the length of the formwork element 1 and the type of railing G used.

Additionally, the fixing means 14 comprise vertical grooves 142 which are arranged on the inner wall 112 of the vertical panel 11. The grooves 142 extend over the entire height of the vertical panel 11 and are aligned with the tubular housings 141. These grooves 142 can receive transverse reinforcement boards P as illustrated in the Fig. 5C . These boards are usually used to reinforce the formwork by providing additional rigidity in order to be able to implement railing tubes from the temporary phase.

In the example illustrated, the fixing means 15 for a fall arrest net F comprise three vertical attachment rods 151, aligned, spaced from each other and integrated between the outer 111 and inner 112 walls of said vertical panel 11. They are of preferably arranged alternately with the tubular housings 141 described above, with the aim of balancing the forces supported by the formwork element 1. The hooking rods 151 extend over the entire height of the vertical panel 11, are accessible from the side of the inner wall 112 of the vertical panel 11 which is perforated to the right of the rods, and are spaced the outer wall 111 of a space 152. The combination of the attachment rod 151 and the space 152 delimits a C-shaped attachment zone which allows the attachment of a fall arrest net F. Indeed, as show it figure 4 , the fall arrest net F is surrounded by a rope R which is threaded over each attachment rod 151 and is housed in the space 152 between the outer wall 111 and the attachment rod 151. The height of the rods hooking 151 is defined to prevent any accidental withdrawal of the fall arrest net F. Of course, the present invention is not limited to three hooking rods 151 per formwork element 1, this number possibly being equal to at least one. Similarly, the design of these fastening means 15 may differ from the example illustrated, the main thing being to be able to fasten there quickly, simply and without tools, a fall arrest net or any equivalent collective protective equipment making it possible to close the through reservation. delimited by the formwork C.

In the example shown in figure 1C , the horizontal panel 12 of the formwork element 1 comprises receiving means 16 for support members E arranged to support the formwork C in the void at a height corresponding to that of the slab to be manufactured in the construction. These receiving means 16 comprise five reservations 161 with a flat bottom, distributed on the lower face 122 of the horizontal panel 12. They are arranged to receive the support plates provided at the ends of the props E, as shown in figure 5A . Of course, any other supporting member E other than stays may be suitable. In this case, the shape and the dimensions of the reservations 161 are adapted. Similarly, the number of reservations per formwork element 1 is not limited and may be less than or more than five depending on the length of the formwork profile 1 and the type of carrier member E.

The formwork element 1 further comprises assembly means 18 provided at its two opposite ends 110, and more particularly at the two opposite ends of the vertical panel 11, in order to be able to assemble together adjacent formwork elements 1, as illustrated in figure 2 . These assembly means 18 preferably have complementary shapes between the two ends 110 of the same formwork element 1, in order to be able to manufacture a single type of formwork element 1. More particularly, one of the ends 110 comprises an end piece male 181 in the lower part and the opposite end 110 comprises a female end piece 182 in the upper part, each end piece extending vertically over approximately half the height of the vertical panel 11 and forming a fitting abutment for the other end piece. The male end 181 comprises a stud surmounted by a stud 181a, while the female end 182 comprises a stud provided with an orifice 182a to receive the stud 181a by vertical interlocking of a formwork element 1 with respect to a other. Such assembly means 18 make it possible to assemble quickly and simply, without additional tools, several formwork elements 1 aligned side by side or at right angles to form a polygonal closed frame depending on the formwork C to be produced. The horizontal face of the studs of the male 181 and female 182 ends in correspondence between two consecutive formwork elements 1 limits the interlocking depth and guarantees the leveling of the formwork elements 1 and in particular that of their horizontal panels 12.

In accordance with the example illustrated, the formwork element 1 comprises stiffening means 17. More particularly, the vertical panel 11 is structured and comprises in its thickness between its outer 111 and inner 112 walls ribs 171 and vertical grooves 172 , some of which are dovetailed. Thus, these walls 111, 112 are neither solid nor smooth. The different shapes that the vertical panel 11 has, namely the tubular housings 141, the attachment rods 151, the ribs 171 and the grooves 172, are advantageously alternated and distributed over its entire length in order to balance the forces that the formwork element 1 must support. Other embodiments can however be envisaged, without the example illustrated being restrictive.

Similarly, the horizontal panel 12 comprises in its thickness between its upper 121 and lower 122 faces indentations 173, visible on the lower face 122. These indentations 173 are preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the formwork element 1 and spaced at a constant pitch.

Of course, the invention is not limited to these examples of stiffening means 17 but extends to any other compatible embodiment, preferably to a manufacturing process by molding or injection of a synthetic material. In addition, these stiffening means 17 make it possible to reduce the quantity of raw material necessary for the manufacture of the formwork elements 1, without harming their mechanical strength both in bending, in compression and in tension.

The formwork element 1 as described allows the manufacture of a formwork C as illustrated by way of example in picture 2 by assembling several formwork elements 1 to form a polygonal closed frame. Of course, as described above, in a variant embodiment not shown, the formwork C can also be in one piece and in this case no assembly is necessary. In the example shown, the formwork C has a rectangular shape, without this shape being limiting. Indeed, it may have a square shape, or an L-shape as explained below. It is designed from six identical formwork elements 1, of which two formwork elements 1 form the two short sides and four formwork elements 1 form the two long sides. These two long sides not being multiples of a formwork element 1, two cover elements 20 have been added, one on each side between two formwork elements 1 aligned. The formwork elements 1 which are adjacent, thus form the corners of the formwork C and are assembled together at right angles by their assembly means 18, by positioning their horizontal panels 12 outside the formwork C.

Cover member 20 is illustrated in more detail in picture 3 and comprises an L profile of predefined length, provided with a vertical wall 21 arranged to superimposed on the outer wall 111 of a vertical panel 11, and a horizontal wall 22 arranged to be superimposed on the upper face 121 of a horizontal panel 12, without creating an awkward extra thickness for the realization of the slab. Thus, when it is positioned between two formwork elements 1 aligned but not adjacent, it ensures the continuity of the formwork C, delimiting the edge of the through reservation T and the slab bordering this reservation. In order to be able to be assembled easily and without tools to the formwork elements 1, it comprises at one of the ends of its vertical wall 21 a vertical rib 23 in the shape of a dovetail, which extends over the height of the vertical wall 21 and which is arranged to fit vertically into one of the grooves 172 of complementary shape of the vertical panel 11 of one of the formwork elements 1 which it partly covers. The other end of the covering element 20 is fixed to the other formwork element 1 which it partially covers, by a separate assembly part 30. This assembly part 30 comprises a tube forming a rib 31 in the shape of a dovetail arranged to fit vertically into one of the grooves 172 of complementary shape provided in the vertical panel 11 of the corresponding formwork element 1 . It comprises in the upper part and in the lower part two assembly tabs 32, 33, arranged to fit respectively on the upper edge 24 and in a groove 25 formed in the lower part of the vertical wall 21 of the covering element 20 Of course, any other means of assembling the cover element 20 to the formwork elements 1 may be suitable. This cover element 20 can also have a right-angled shape, making it possible to create a formwork C of which at least one of the sides comprises an L-shaped recess. Thus, the formwork element 1, whether or not associated with one or more straight and/or angled cover 20, makes it possible to produce all forms of polygonal C formwork. The covering element 20 and the assembly part 30 can, like the formwork element 1, be produced by molding, injection or the like in a synthetic or composite material, identical or not to the material of the formwork element. 1. The height of these elements 1, 20, 30 is determined according to the height of the slab to be built. This height can therefore vary depending on the slab to be built.

Industrial application possibilities:

As seen above, the formwork element 1 is advantageously designed in the form of a determined part for a determined slab height, considerably simplifying its manufacture and its management while reducing the corresponding production costs. In addition, the formwork element 1 constitutes a light piece, not fragile, easy to handle and transport by workers working on a site, without risk of injury. The same applies to the cover element 20 and the assembly part 30. The cover element 20 does not have its own mechanical function, its walls 21 and 22 can be relatively thin and smooth, without means stiffener.

The method of manufacturing a slab 40 in a construction comprising at least one through reservation T for the passage of a staircase, an elevator or the like is now described with reference to the figures 5A to 5D . In the example shown, the slab 40 is made from prestressed beams 42 and prefabricated interjoists 43 making it possible to produce the supporting structure of the slab 40. The slab can also be obtained from reinforced concrete beams. This example of construction is not limiting and the invention extends to any other equivalent form of construction.

The figure 5A shows a load-bearing wall 41, to the right of which is positioned a formwork C delimiting a through reservation T. This formwork C is carried by bearing members E which consist of props, it being specified that any other bearing member that may be suitable. Formwork C is made quickly and easily. The worker poses the formwork elements 1 one after the other, each on at least one or two was E and gradually assembles the next formwork element 1 to the previous formwork element 1. The support members E are positioned in line with the reservations 161 provided under each formwork element 1, in the lower face 161 of the horizontal panel 12. The formwork C obtained in the example shown is the result of assembling six identical formwork elements 1, forming a closed rectangular frame.

The figure 5B shows the formwork C secured by the installation of a fall arrest net F set up from below or above the formwork C. To do this, the rope R provided all around the fall arrest net F was hooked around each rod d attachment 151 accessible from the inside of the formwork C, as illustrated in figure 4 . This figure 5B shows that the formwork C is made safe from the beginning of the construction site, even before the laying of the prestressed beams 42, and that the fall arrest net F does not hinder the work of the workers. This figure also shows the laying of the prestressed beams 42 close to the formwork C. The prestressed beams 42 positioned in the extension of the formwork C rest by their corresponding ends on the horizontal panels 12 of the formwork elements 1 parallel to the load-bearing wall 41. The beams prestresses 42 bordering the sides of the formwork C which are perpendicular to the load-bearing wall 41 are doubled and rest by their ends on the load-bearing wall 41. They also rest over part of their length on the horizontal panel 12 of the corresponding formwork elements 1 .

The Fig. 5C shows the formwork C secured by the installation of a guardrail G on the three accessible sides. Each vertical upright M of the guardrail G has been placed in one of the tubular housings 141 accessible from the top of the formwork C. Then horizontal rails L of the guardrail G have been positioned in the reception notches provided for this purpose on the uprights M. Thus, this guardrail G is quickly put in place, without tools, and does not hinder the work of the workers. This Fig. 5C also shows the installation of the interjoists 43 in the spans delimited between the prestressed beams 42 and the reinforcement 44.

The figure 5D shows the finished slab 40 after pouring concrete or any other suitable hydraulic material, and the formwork C still safe thanks to the presence of the fall arrest net F and the guardrail G. The upper floor of the construction can continue with the construction of a new slab in which a new formwork C can be put in place as in the figure 5A . During the manufacture of a staircase, an elevator, or the like, the collective protection equipment F and G associated with each formwork C can be dismantled.

It is clear from this description that the invention makes it possible to achieve the set goals, namely a high-performance formwork in terms of implementation and protection of persons. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art, within the limits of the appended claims.

Claims (24)

1. Prefabricated formwork element (1) arranged to construct formwork intended to be arranged in a construction slab (40) of a pass through construction opening (T) to accommodate a staircase, elevator or a similar device, the said formwork element having a profile with at least one vertical panel (11) arranged to delimit at least one rectilinear part of the edge of the said pass through opening (T), the said vertical panel (11) having means of attachment (14, 15) for collective fall arrest protection equipment (G, F), comprising both first means of attachment (14) arranged for the attachment of a handrail (G) designed to protect access to the said formwork (C), and second means of attachment (15) arranged for the attachment of a fall arrest net (F) designed to protect the opening delimited by the said formwork (C), the first attaching means (14) for a handrail (G) having at least one vertical tubular housing (141) accessible from the top of the said vertical panel (11), and arranged to receive a vertical upright (M) of the said handrail (G) by nesting, and the second attaching means (15) for a fall arrest net (F) comprising at least one vertical attaching rod (151) which, with the said vertical panel (11) forms a space (152) for receiving one part of the perimeter of the said fall arrest net (F) around the said attaching rod (151).
2. Formwork element according to claim 1, characterised in that the said profile is rectilinear and has interconnecting means arranged for coupling with at least one beam of the said slab.
3. Formwork element according to claim 1, characterised in that the said profile is rectilinear and has a L shape, and comprises a horizontal panel (12) forming a baseplate supporting the said vertical panel (11), and in that the said horizontal panel (12) has receiving means (16) for the supporting devices (E) of the said formwork element (1).
4. Formwork element according to claim 3, characterised in that the said at least one attaching rod (151) of the second attaching means (15) for a fall arrest net (F) is accessible on the opposite side to the said horizontal panel (12).
5. Formwork element according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the said at least one attaching rod (151) of the said second attaching means (15) for a fall arrest net (F) is arranged in alternation with the said at least one tubular housing (141) of the said first attaching means (14) for a handrail (G).
6. Formwork element according to claim 3, characterised in that the said receiving means (16) for the supporting devices (E) have at least two openings (161) with a flat bottom, arranged on the lower face (120) of the said horizontal panel (12) and are designed to receive the plane ends of the said supporting devices (E).
7. Formwork element according to the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it includes bracing means (17) integrated into the said vertical panel (11) and/or in the said horizontal panel (12).
8. Formwork element according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that it includes assembly means (18) arranged at the opposite ends (110) of the vertical panel (11) and arranged to allow the assembly of adjacent formwork elements (1), aligned or at right angles, to form a formwork (C).
9. Formwork element according to claim 8, characterised in that the said assembly means (18) have at one end (110) a male end fitting (181) and at the other end (110) a female end fitting (182) in a shape that matches the said male end fitting, the said end fittings (181, 182) extending vertically to form a nesting stop so that the adjacent formwork (1) elements are assembled by vertical nesting and so that their horizontal panels (12) are at the same level.
10. Formwork element according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the said formwork (1) element is a monobloc part.
11. Formwork (C) arranged to accommodate in a slab (40) the construction of a pass through opening (T) to accommodate a staircase, an elevator or a similar device, characterised in that it includes at least one formwork element (1) according to any one of the previous claims, to form a polygonal closed frame.
12. Formwork according to the claims 11 and 8, characterised in that the said formwork (C) has a multitude of formwork elements (1) assembled together by the said assembly means (18) provided for at the opposite ends of each formwork element (1) to form a polygonal closed frame.
13. Formwork according to the claim 11, characterised in that it consists of a monobloc part.
14. Formwork according to claim 12, characterised in that the horizontal panels (12) of the said assembled formwork elements (1), are oriented towards the outside of the said polygonal closed frame delimited by the said formwork (C).
15. Formwork according to the claim 12, characterised in that it also includes at least two straight overlapping elements (20) each arranged between two aligned formwork elements (1), distant from one another, to form a closed polygonal frame of which at least two opposing sides are not multiples of a formwork element (1).
16. According to the claim 12, characterised in that it also includes at least one overlapping element (20) on an angle, arranged between two parallel formwork elements (1), distant from one another, to form a closed polygonal frame of which at least one side includes a notch.
17. Method for manufacturing a slab (40) of a construction with a pass through opening (T) to accommodate a staircase, an elevator or a similar structure, characterised in that:

    • at a predetermined point of the said slab (40), on supporting devices (E) or on beams (42) of the said slab (40) at least one formwork element (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 10 is arranged to form a formwork (C) according to any one of the claims 11 to 16,

    • in the first and second attaching means (14, 15) of the formwork elements (1), collective fall arrest protection equipment (G, F) are installed to ensure the safety of the said pass through opening (T), delimited by the said formwork (C) before the slab is cast.
18. Method for manufacturing according to claim 17, characterised in that at least one fall arrest net (F) is attached to the second corresponding attaching means (15) of the said at least formwork element (1) accessible from inside the formwork (C) to close the said pass through opening (T).
19. Method for manufacturing according to claim 17, characterised in that at least one handrail (G) is mounted in the first attaching means (14) of the said at least formwork element (1) accessible from the top of the formwork (C) to prevent access to the pass through opening (T).
20. Method for manufacturing according to the claims 17 and 8, characterised in that a multitude of adjacent formwork elements (1) are assembled by their assembly means (18).
21. Method for manufacturing according to claim 20, characterised in that during the assembly of the said formwork elements (1) the horizontal panels (12) of the formwork elements (1) are turned towards the outside of the said formwork (C) and the vertical panels (11) delimit the edges of the said pass through opening (T).
22. Method for manufacturing according to the claims 21 and 3, characterised in that, during the installation of the said formwork elements (1), the corresponding ends of the supporting devices (E) are positioned in the receiving means (16) of the said formwork elements (1).
23. Method for manufacturing according to claim 20, characterised in that, during the assembly of the said formwork elements (1), at least two straight overlapping elements (20) are added, each arranged between two aligned formwork elements (1), distant from one another, to form a formwork (C) of which at least two opposing sides are not multiples of a formwork element (1).
24. Method for manufacturing according to the claim 20, characterised in that, during assembly of the said formwork elements (1), at least one overlapping element (20) on an angle is added, arranged between two parallel formwork elements (1), distant from one another, to form a formwork (C) of which at least one side includes a notch.

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