EP3117178B1 - Projectile - Google Patents
Projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3117178B1 EP3117178B1 EP15715665.4A EP15715665A EP3117178B1 EP 3117178 B1 EP3117178 B1 EP 3117178B1 EP 15715665 A EP15715665 A EP 15715665A EP 3117178 B1 EP3117178 B1 EP 3117178B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- annular
- projectile
- orthogonal plane
- angle
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 206010041662 Splinter Diseases 0.000 description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220304 Prunus dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiophene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
- F42B12/28—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction the projectile wall being built from annular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/367—Projectiles fragmenting upon impact without the use of explosives, the fragments creating a wounding or lethal effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
- F42B12/24—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a projectile with a projectile body, which has a recess for receiving explosives, wherein the projectile body at least partially has a cylindrical outer surface which is at least partially surrounded by a plurality of predetermined breaking points annular elements, wherein the predetermined breaking points in the decay of Element-forming splitter are predefined, and the splitter are connected to form the annular member in an annular connecting portion.
- splinters of different masses are formed in a natural decay.
- the disadvantage here is that splinters with very small mass only a small effect, splinter large mass have a very large radius of action, which often goes beyond the desired radius of action.
- a plurality of rings are arranged one above the other to form a splitter shell, wherein the rings have inside cylindrical or triangular in cross-section recesses to determine the desired size of the splitter.
- an annular splitter element for a hand grenade is known, the outside of which has two circumferential V-shaped recesses.
- a similar embodiment with substantially gear-shaped rings is for example from the FR 2 523 716 A known.
- EP 273 994 B1 a projectile with a plurality of rings, which have inside triangular recesses.
- a bullet with a casing composed of rings is known, the rings in one embodiment having parallel surfaces angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet.
- Comparable embodiments are further from the DE 37 216 19 A1 , of the US 2 413 008 A or even the US 8,276,520 B1 known.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a projectile of the type mentioned, in which the splinters are ejected from the projectile in such a way that the radius in which the splinters develop an effect is increased.
- the annular elements were substantially disc-shaped, i. the cantilevered ends of the predefined splitter and the opposite end of the annular element to which the splitter is connected to each other were arranged in the same orthogonal plane. Due to this disc-shaped configuration known in the state of the art, the fragments are hitherto ejected substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the usually cylindrical section of the projectile body in the event of an explosion of the explosive received in the projectile body. Therefore, if in the case of a floor igniter, the projectile is projected at an angle of e.g.
- At least a subset of the fragments in cross section are substantially rectilinear, ie not curved, formed, so that on the one hand the trajectory can be well determined;
- the production of the annular elements can be achieved in a simple manner by prefabrication of initially annular discs be, in which then - at least a subset - the splitter from the plane of the splitter connecting annular connecting portion are bent.
- annular elements are arranged at the same angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion of the projectile body, since preferably the arrangement of the annular elements is divided into at least two sections, wherein the Arrangement or alignment of the annular elements in the first section is reversed relative to the arrangement of the annular elements in the second section, or the annular elements in the two sections can be arranged in mirror image with respect to an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetrical portion of the projectile body.
- one subset of the splitter may include a first angle other than 90 ° with the orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting section and another subset also one of 90 ° deviating second angle with the defined by the annular connecting portion orthogonal plane.
- the second angle preferably corresponds in terms of magnitude to the first angle, but the inclination of the splitter is mirrored about a plane passing through an annular connecting section.
- annular element has in each case two groups of splinters, which have different angles of inclination to the plane defined in the annular connecting section, so that in the explosion of the explosive in each annular element splinters are ejected in different directions.
- the annular elements each have a plurality of grooves as predetermined breaking points.
- a substantially disk-shaped, annular element can be produced, in which then grooves can be incorporated by means of stamping, milling, lasers or possibly also by (wire) erosion in order to produce a controlled fragmentation of the annular elements.
- the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
- the groove bottom of the substantially rectangular grooves can be designed differently. It is particularly advantageous if the grooves are introduced by means of wire erosion, since in this case the grooves can have a relatively small width and thus comparatively low material losses can be achieved in the production of the predetermined breaking points. It follows that due to the usually round wire cross-section, the grooves have an arcuate groove bottom.
- the grooves have an acute-angled groove bottom.
- annular elements with grooves or predetermined breaking points which are not apparent on the outer side of the annular elements, advantageously result.
- the provision of an outer (protective) shell can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
- the annular connecting portion has a substantially full-surface, outer circumferential surface, so that when superimposed such annular elements a substantially closed, preferably cylindrical outer surface results without additional measures would have to be taken.
- the outer circumferential surface of the annular elements each have a non-90 ° angle with an upper and lower surface of the annular connecting portion, so that the Mantle surface is substantially parallel to the cylindrical almond surface of the projectile body.
- annular elements are produced in particular as follows:
- substantially planar annular discs are produced, in which then using the above Steps (eroding, punching, milling, etc.) predetermined breaking points are introduced, wherein an annular connecting portion remains. Subsequently, the cantilevered ends of the predefined splitter are bent out of the plane defined by the annular connecting portion, whereby the desired ejection direction is defined.
- the sharp-edged triangular projections of the annular elements are advantageously removed, preferably in a turning process and after the annular elements have been bonded together, so that the desired substantially planar outer Lateral surface is achieved.
- This can then be provided with a protective lacquer or the like known in the art.
- the ground-level annular elements are ejected at a different angle than the ground-away annular elements, so that it is advantageous if a positioning ring is arranged between a first subset and a second subset of the annular elements , With the aid of the positioning ring, the annular elements can thus be subdivided in a simple manner into at least two subsets, preferably with different ejection directions.
- the positioning ring to an orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion of the projectile body has a sloping upper and lower contact surface, wherein the positioning ring is preferably designed mirror image about a central orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion.
- annular element for a projectile which has at least partially a plurality of predetermined breaking points, which are defined by the decay of the element forming splitter, wherein the freely projecting ends of the splitter at least partially in one common orthogonal plane to a longitudinal axis of the annular element are arranged, and this orthogonal plane is arranged deviating from an orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting portion.
- Fig. 1 is an inventive projectile 1 can be seen, which has a projectile body 2 with a rear part 3 and a blast pipe 4.
- the blasting tube 4 in this case has a recess 5 for receiving the explosive and a subsequent recess 6 for receiving a (not shown) detonator.
- a bottom igniter or a ground clearance igniter can be provided.
- the blast pipe 4 has a substantially cylindrical shape, so that in a portion of the projectile 2, a rotationally symmetrical, cylindrical shell in the present case is formed on which easily accommodated a plurality of annular elements 8 can be.
- the outer diameter of the cylindrical lateral surface 7 and the inner diameter of the annular elements 8 is in this case selected so that the annular elements 8 can be pushed or threaded in a simple manner with play on the substantially cylindrical tubular element.
- a longitudinal axis 7 'of the cylindrical jacket surface 7 of the blasting tube 4 and a longitudinal or rotational axis 8' of the annular elements 8 essentially coincide.
- annular elements 8 are divided into two groups or partial quantities 10, 10 'by means of a positioning ring 9.
- all annular elements 8 are designed the same, but the spatial arrangement of annular elements 8 in the first group 10, which is arranged closer to the igniter receptacle 6, contrary to the arrangement of the annular elements 8 in the second subset or group 10 'is. This further improves the scattering angle of the splinters in the event of explosion, as explained in more detail below.
- Fig. 1a is an alternative embodiment of the projectile according to the invention 1 can be seen, in which case a continuous convexly curved outer surface 16 is provided.
- the lateral surface 16 is achieved in a central portion by arranging annular elements 8 with a substantially identical inner diameter, but different outer diameter, on a cylindrical lateral surface 7 of the blasting tube 4.
- the outer diameter of the annular elements 8 is in this case selected such that advantageously in the region of the positioning ring 9, the projectile 1 has the largest diameter.
- This convexly curved configuration of the outer lateral surface 16 advantageously results in a particularly favorable aerodynamics, which substantially corresponds to the aerodynamic design of other projectiles (without annular splinter elements).
- the invention according to the desired increase in the scattering angle can be further promoted.
- annular connecting section 11 is formed on the outside, from which a multiplicity of splinters 12, each with a cantilevered end 13, extends inwards.
- the inventively embodied annular elements 8 unlike in The prior art known - not formed as a substantially flat, disc-shaped elements, but according to the invention, the annular elements 8 with respect to the orthogonal plane 11 'and also the lateral surface 7 of the blast pipe 4 slanted splitter 12 to the ejection direction of the splitter 12 at ignition of to change in the recess 5 provided explosives such that the number of effective splitter 12 is increased due to their ejection direction.
- the annular elements 8 according to the invention are preferably made of annular discs, said annular discs for determining the inclination of the splitter 12 in the embodiment shown at an angle ⁇ of substantially 30 ° relative to an orthogonal plane 11 'and 13' then preferably by means of a Stamping process to be reshaped.
- the desired groove shape can be produced in a particularly simple and efficient manner by means of punching.
- the possible groove production methods are of course also related to the choice of material of the annular elements 8, wherein in the embodiment of the invention preferably a suitable iron material, which corresponds to the desired requirements in connection with the formation of splinters in terms of hardness and toughness, is selected.
- a suitable iron material which corresponds to the desired requirements in connection with the formation of splinters in terms of hardness and toughness, is selected.
- Such an iron material basically also has good punching capabilities.
- the dimensions of the annular disc element, which serves as an intermediate for the annular elements according to the invention are chosen such that a cuboid Splitter design, particularly preferably a cubist splitter design, is achieved.
- grooves 14 are produced with a substantially rectangular cross-section in a simple manner, wherein the groove base 15 'alternatively circular arc-shaped (see. FIGS. 2 to 4 ), acute-angled (cf. Fig. 5 ), or in a straight line (cf. Fig. 7 ) may be formed.
- FIG. 6 A particularly material-saving production method was used in the Fig. 6 shown used in which grooves 14 with a relatively small cross-sectional width by means of wire erosion.
- the grooves can of course also be produced by means of laser.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 shows a further alternative embodiment of the annular element 8, in which case the annular element 8 has two groups of splinters 12, wherein one group of the splinters 12 faces upwards relative to an orthogonal plane 11 'defined by the annular connecting section 11' and the other group of the Splitter 12 is bent down.
- the different orientation of the splitter 12 is in this case chosen alternately, seen in the circumferential direction, so that advantageously the same design annular elements 8 can be intimately stacked in a twisted around a splitter 12 arranged alignment.
- annular elements 8 in which the splinters 12 are bent in one direction only in relation to the plane 11 'defined by the annular connecting section 11, to allow different directions of ejection, in which the shaped elements 8 are arranged in different spatial directions Orientation to the cylindrical surface 7 are pushed.
- the annular elements 8 of the group 10 ' which are arranged closer to the rear part 3 of the projectile 2, have a scattering angle ⁇ ' of magnitude preferably also about 0 ° to 70 ° to the orthogonal plane 13 ', but in the opposite direction.
- the ejection angle of the splinters 12 increases further as the splinters move away from the positioning ring 9 or a median plane, so that advantageously an overall effective ejection angle of up to 140 ° results.
- annular elements 8 in their assembled position form a substantially planar outer circumferential surface 16. Since the outer circumferential surface of the annular connecting portion 11 when embossing for the purpose of inclination of the splitter 12 are also initially arranged obliquely to the desired flat lateral surface 16, the annular elements 8 are preferably glued together and then sharp edged, in cross-section substantially triangular projections in a rotational process removed, so that the desired substantially flat lateral surface 16 is achieved. This can then be provided in terms of improved corrosion protection with a paint layer or the like.
- annular elements 8 are provided with different angles ⁇ or partially disc-shaped elements in which the splitter substantially in the direction of an orthogonal plane on the longitudinal axis 8 'extend. It is only essential that at least some annular elements 8 are provided, in which the cantilevered ends 13 of the splitter 12 are arranged in a different orthogonal plane 13 'to the defined by the annular connecting portion orthogonal plane 11' to increase the scattering angle of the splitter 12 ,
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Geschoss mit einem Geschosskörper, der eine Ausnehmung zur Aufnahme von Sprengstoff aufweist, wobei der Geschosskörper zumindest abschnittsweise eine zylindrische, Mantelfläche aufweist, die zumindest abschnittsweise von mehreren mit Sollbruchstellen versehenen ringförmigen Elementen umgeben ist, wobei über die Sollbruchstellen sich beim Zerfall der Elemente ausbildende Splitter vordefiniert sind, und die Splitter zur Ausbildung des ringförmigen Elements in einem ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt miteinander verbunden sind.
Bei Explosionen von Geschossen entstehen bei einem natürlichen Zerfall Splitter unterschiedlicher Masse. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass Splitter mit sehr kleiner Masse nur eine geringe Wirkung, Splitter großer Masse einen sehr großen Wirkungsradius haben, der häufig über den gewünschten Wirkungsradius hinausgeht. Bei Splittern großer Massen können somit ungewünschte Kollateralschäden außerhalb des Zielbereichs auftreten, wohingegen die Splitter kleiner Masse keinen Beitrag zur Wirkung im Zielbereich liefern. Sowohl Splitter großer als auch kleiner Massen tragen somit im gewünschten Zielbereich nicht zur Wirkung bei und sind somit für den Zielbereich verloren. Zur Vereinheitlichung der Massen sind im Stand der Technik bereits verschiedenste Lösungsansätze bekannt.
Ein Geschoss der eingangs angeführten Art, bei welchem ringförmige Elemente Sollbruchstellen aufweisen, um im Falle der Explosion des Geschosses Splitter einer vordefinierten Größe und Masse zu erzeugen, ist beispielsweise aus der
Aus der
In the case of explosions of projectiles, splinters of different masses are formed in a natural decay. The disadvantage here is that splinters with very small mass only a small effect, splinter large mass have a very large radius of action, which often goes beyond the desired radius of action. In the case of splinters of large masses, unwanted collateral damage can therefore occur outside the target area, whereas the splinters of small mass do not contribute to the effect in the target area. Both fragments of large and small masses thus do not contribute to the desired target area and are thus lost to the target area. For the standardization of the masses, various solutions are already known in the prior art.
A projectile of the type mentioned, in which annular elements have predetermined breaking points in order to produce splinters of a predefined size and mass in the case of the explosion of the projectile is, for example, from
From the
Eine ähnliche Ausgestaltung mit im Wesentlichen zahnradförmigen Ringen ist beispielsweise aus der
Des Weiteren offenbart die
Aus der
Vergleichbare Ausgestaltungen sind weiters aus der
Nachteilig ist jedoch bei diesen im Stand der Technik bekannten Geschossen, dass die Splitter - wenn auch mit gewünschter Masse bzw. Größe - im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zur Längsachse des rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitts des Geschosses ausgeschleudert werden, sodass eine Vielzahl der Splitter nicht in den gewünschten Zielbereich ausgestoßen werden.A disadvantage, however, in these known in the prior art projectiles, that the splinters - albeit with desired mass or size - are ejected substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion of the projectile, so that a plurality of splinters not in the desired target area be ejected.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es demzufolge, ein Geschoss der eingangs angeführten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem die Splitter von dem Geschoss derart ausgestoßen werden, dass der Umkreis, in welchem die Splitter eine Wirkung entfalten, vergrößert wird.The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a projectile of the type mentioned, in which the splinters are ejected from the projectile in such a way that the radius in which the splinters develop an effect is increased.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erzielt, dass die frei auskragenden Enden der Splitter zumindest teilweise in einer gemeinsamen Orthogonalebene zu einer Längsachse des ringförmigen Elements angeordnet sind, wobei diese Orthogonalebene von einer durch den ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene abweichend angeordnet ist, und die ringförmigen Elemente in zwei Gruppen unterteilt sind, wobei die Splitter der ringförmigen Elemente jeweils in eine Richtung gegenüber der von dem ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene verbogen sind und die ringförmigen Elemente der beiden Gruppen in unterschiedlicher räumlicher Ausrichtung auf die zylindrischen Mantelfläche aufgeschoben sind.According to the invention this is achieved in that the freely projecting ends of the splitter are at least partially disposed in a common orthogonal plane to a longitudinal axis of the annular member, said orthogonal plane is arranged deviating from an orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting portion, and the annular elements in two groups are divided, wherein the splinters of the annular elements are bent in each case in a direction opposite to the orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting portion and the annular elements of the two groups in different spatial orientation on the cylindrical surface are pushed.
Bei bisher bekannten Geschossen waren die ringförmigen Elemente im Wesentlichen scheibenförmig ausgebildet, d.h. die frei auskragende Enden der vordefinierten Splitter und das gegenüberliegende Ende des ringförmigen Elements, an welchem die Splitter miteinander verbunden sind, waren in der gleichen Orthogonalebene angeordnet. Aufgrund dieser im Stand der Technik bekannten scheibenförmigen Ausgestaltung werden bei Explosion des im Geschosskörper aufgenommenen Sprengstoffs die Splitter bisher im Wesentlichen im rechten Winkel zur Längsachse des üblicherweise zylindrischen Abschnitts des Geschosskörpers ausgestoßen. Sofern daher z.B. im Falle eines Bodenzünders das Geschoss in einem Winkel von z.B. 45° am Boden einschlägt und es daher in dieser Winkelstellung zur Zündung des Sprengstoffes kommt, wird ein erheblicher Anteil der auf dem Geschosskörper aufgenommenen Splitter in Richtung des Bodens fehlgeleitet, sodass das Geschoss einen verhältnismäßig geringen Wirkungsumkreis aufweist bzw. die Streuwirkung ineffizient ist.In previously known bullets, the annular elements were substantially disc-shaped, i. the cantilevered ends of the predefined splitter and the opposite end of the annular element to which the splitter is connected to each other were arranged in the same orthogonal plane. Due to this disc-shaped configuration known in the state of the art, the fragments are hitherto ejected substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the usually cylindrical section of the projectile body in the event of an explosion of the explosive received in the projectile body. Therefore, if in the case of a floor igniter, the projectile is projected at an angle of e.g. 45 ° on the ground and therefore it comes in this angular position to ignite the explosive, a significant proportion of the recorded on the projectile body splitter is misdirected in the direction of the ground, so that the projectile has a relatively small circle of action or the scattering effect is inefficient.
Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Schrägstellung bzw. Krümmung der Splitter gegenüber der Längsachse des ringförmigen Elements bzw. der Längsachse des rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitts des Geschosskörpers und der unterschiedlichen räumlichen Ausrichtung wird somit die Ausstoßrichtung gegenüber bekannten Geschossen verändert und somit die Streuwirkung bzw. der Umkreis, in welchem die Splitter effizient wirken, deutlich verbessert.
Eine hinsichtlich der Bestimmung der Flugbahn und auch hinsichtlich der Herstellung besonders einfache und effiziente Ausgestaltung ist gegeben, wenn die Ober- und Unterfläche zumindest einer Anzahl von Splitter im Wesentlichen eben und parallel zueinander ausgebildet sind, wobei die beiden Flächen einen von 90° abweichenden Winkel gegenüber der vom ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene zur Längsachse einschließen. Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung sind zumindest eine Teilmenge der Splitter im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen geradlinig, d.h. nicht gekrümmt, ausgebildet, sodass einerseits die Flugbahn gut bestimmt werden kann; andererseits kann die Herstellung der ringförmigen Elemente auf einfache Weise durch eine Vorfertigung von zunächst ringförmigen Scheiben erzielt werden, bei welchen sodann - zumindest eine Teilmenge - der Splitter aus der Ebene des die Splitter verbindenden ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitts gebogen werden.Due to the oblique position or curvature of the splitter according to the invention relative to the longitudinal axis of the annular element or the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion of the projectile body and the different spatial orientation thus the ejection direction is changed compared to known projectiles and thus the scattering effect or the circumference in which the splitter act efficiently, significantly improved.
A particularly simple and efficient embodiment with respect to the determination of the trajectory and also with regard to the production is given if the upper and lower surfaces of at least a number of splinters are substantially flat and parallel to one another, the two surfaces having an angle deviating from 90 ° include the orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting portion to the longitudinal axis. In such an embodiment, at least a subset of the fragments in cross section are substantially rectilinear, ie not curved, formed, so that on the one hand the trajectory can be well determined; On the other hand, the production of the annular elements can be achieved in a simple manner by prefabrication of initially annular discs be, in which then - at least a subset - the splitter from the plane of the splitter connecting annular connecting portion are bent.
Sofern alle Splitter im Wesentlichen den gleichen Neigungswinkel gegenüber einer vom ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene zur Längsachse einschließen, ergibt sich eine fertigungstechnisch besonders effiziente Ausgestaltung, bei welcher sämtliche ringförmige Elemente im Wesentlichen die gleiche Ausgestaltung aufweisen. Dies bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass sämtliche ringförmige Elemente im gleichem Winkel gegenüber der Längsachse des zylindrischen Abschnitts des Geschosskörpers angeordnet sind, da vorzugsweise die Anordnung der ringförmigen Elemente in zumindest zwei Abschnitte unterteilt ist, wobei die Anordnung bzw. Ausrichtung der ringförmigen Elemente in dem ersten Abschnitt umgekehrt gegenüber der Anordnung der ringförmigen Elemente in dem zweiten Abschnitt ist, bzw. die ringförmigen Elemente in den beiden Abschnitten spiegelbildlich gegenüber einer Orthogonalebene zur Längsachse des rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitts des Geschosskörpers angeordnet werden können.If all splinters essentially enclose the same angle of inclination with respect to an orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting section relative to the longitudinal axis, this results in an embodiment which is particularly efficient in terms of production, in which case all the annular elements have essentially the same configuration. However, this does not mean that all annular elements are arranged at the same angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion of the projectile body, since preferably the arrangement of the annular elements is divided into at least two sections, wherein the Arrangement or alignment of the annular elements in the first section is reversed relative to the arrangement of the annular elements in the second section, or the annular elements in the two sections can be arranged in mirror image with respect to an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetrical portion of the projectile body.
Alternativ zu der Ausgestaltung von ringförmigen Elementen, bei welchen sämtliche Splitter den gleichen Neigungswinkel aufweisen, ist es ebenso möglich, dass eine Teilmenge der Splitter einen von 90° abweichenden ersten Winkel mit der durch den ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene einschließen und eine andere Teilmenge ebenfalls einen von 90° abweichenden zweiten Winkel mit der durch den ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene einschließen. Vorzugsweise entspricht der zweite Winkel hierbei betragsmäßig dem ersten Winkel, die Neigung der Splitter ist jedoch um eine durch einen ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt verlaufende Ebene gespiegelt. Hierbei ergibt sich, dass das ringförmige Element jeweils zwei Gruppen von Splittern aufweist, welche unterschiedliche Neigungswinkel zu der im ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Ebene aufweisen, sodass bei der Explosion des Sprengstoffes in jedem ringförmigen Element Splitter in unterschiedlicher Richtung ausgestoßen werden.As an alternative to the design of annular elements in which all splinters have the same angle of inclination, it is also possible for one subset of the splitter to include a first angle other than 90 ° with the orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting section and another subset also one of 90 ° deviating second angle with the defined by the annular connecting portion orthogonal plane. The second angle preferably corresponds in terms of magnitude to the first angle, but the inclination of the splitter is mirrored about a plane passing through an annular connecting section. It follows that the annular element has in each case two groups of splinters, which have different angles of inclination to the plane defined in the annular connecting section, so that in the explosion of the explosive in each annular element splinters are ejected in different directions.
Tests haben gezeigt, dass eine besonders effiziente Ausstoßrichtung, bei welcher der wirksame Umkreis des Geschosses gegenüber vorbekannten Geschossen deutlich verbessert werden kann, erzielt wird, wenn die Ober- und Unterfläche der Splitter einen Winkel zwischen 5° und 70°, vorzugsweise zwischen 15° und 45°, insbesondere zwischen 25° und 35°, gegenüber einer vom ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Ebene einschließen. Diese vorteilhafte Neigungsanordnung der Splitter ergibt sich aufgrund der Tatsache, dass das Geschoss üblicherweise in einem Winkel zwischen 45° und 85° gegenüber der Bodenfläche entweder mittels Bodenzünder oder Bodenabstandszünder aktiviert wird. Üblicherweise weist das Geschoss somit bei Aktivierung einen Neigungswinkel von ca. 45° bis 85° gegenüber der Bodenfläche auf. Mithilfe der Schrägstellung der Splitter zwischen 5° und 70° gelingt es vorteilhafterweise insbesondere jene Splitter, welche aufgrund der Schrägstellung des Geschosses bei Zündung des Sprengstoffes üblicherweise in Richtung Boden (fehl-)geleitet werden und somit keinen wirksamen Beitrag leisten, in einem von 90° abweichenden Winkel gegenüber der Mantelfläche des Geschosskörpers auszustoßen und somit die Streuwirkung deutlich zu verbessern.Tests have shown that a particularly efficient ejection direction, in which the effective radius of the projectile can be significantly improved compared to previously known projectiles, is achieved if the upper and lower surfaces of the fragments are at an angle between 5 ° and 70 °, preferably between 15 ° and 45 °, in particular between 25 ° and 35 °, with respect to a plane defined by the annular connecting portion. This advantageous inclination arrangement of the splitter is due to the fact that the projectile is usually activated at an angle between 45 ° and 85 ° relative to the bottom surface either by means of bottom igniter or ground clearance igniter. Usually, the projectile thus has an inclination angle of about 45 ° to 85 ° with respect to the floor surface when activated. With the help of the slanted position of the splinters between 5 ° and 70 °, it is possible, in particular, in particular those splinters which due to the inclination of the projectile upon ignition of the explosive usually in the direction of the ground (mis) are conducted and thus make no effective contribution to eject in a deviating from 90 ° angle to the lateral surface of the projectile body and thus to significantly improve the scattering effect.
Hinsichtlich einer fertigungstechnisch einfachen und effizienten Herstellung der ringförmigen Elemente ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die ringförmigen Elemente jeweils ein Vielzahl von Nuten als Sollbruchstellen aufweisen. Hierbei kann zunächst ein im Wesentlichen scheibenförmiges, ringförmiges Element hergestellt werden, in welchem sodann mittels Stanzen, Fräsen, Lasern oder gegebenenfalls auch durch (Draht-)Erosion Nuten eingearbeitet werden können, um eine kontrollierte Fragmentierung der ringförmigen Elemente herzustellen.With regard to a manufacturing technology simple and efficient production of the annular elements, it is advantageous if the annular elements each have a plurality of grooves as predetermined breaking points. In this case, initially a substantially disk-shaped, annular element can be produced, in which then grooves can be incorporated by means of stamping, milling, lasers or possibly also by (wire) erosion in order to produce a controlled fragmentation of the annular elements.
Um Splitter vorzudefinieren, deren Haupterstreckungsrichtung im Wesentlichen in radialer Richtung des ringförmigen Elements und somit in Richtung des von dem Sprengstoff eingeleiteten Impulses verläuft, ist es günstig, wenn die Längserstreckungsachsen der Nuten jeweils im Wesentlichen in radialer Richtung des ringförmigen Elements verlaufen.In order to predefine splinters whose main extension direction extends essentially in the radial direction of the annular element and thus in the direction of the pulse introduced by the explosive, it is favorable if the longitudinal extension axes of the grooves extend in each case substantially in the radial direction of the annular element.
Hinsichtlich einer einfachen und effizienten Fertigung ist es günstig, wenn die Nuten einen im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.With regard to a simple and efficient production, it is favorable if the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
Der Nutgrund der im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Nuten kann hierbei unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es etwa, wenn die Nuten mithilfe einer Drahterosion eingebracht werden, da hierbei die Nuten eine verhältnismäßig geringe Breite aufweisen können und somit vergleichsweise geringe Materialverluste bei der Herstellung der Sollbruchstellen erzielt werden. Hierbei ergibt sich, dass aufgrund des üblicherweise runden Drahtquerschnitts die Nuten einen kreisbogenförmigen Nutgrund aufweisen.The groove bottom of the substantially rectangular grooves can be designed differently. It is particularly advantageous if the grooves are introduced by means of wire erosion, since in this case the grooves can have a relatively small width and thus comparatively low material losses can be achieved in the production of the predetermined breaking points. It follows that due to the usually round wire cross-section, the grooves have an arcuate groove bottom.
Um die Fragmentierung der Splitter aus dem ringförmigen Element im Falle der Explosion, insbesondere auch hinsichtlich des Bruchs in Umgangsrichtung, besonders präzise zu definieren, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Nuten einen spitzwinkelförmigen Nutgrund aufweisen.To the fragmentation of the splinters from the annular element in the case of the explosion, especially in terms of the Break in the direction of contact, to define very precisely, it is advantageous if the grooves have an acute-angled groove bottom.
Sofern sich die Nuten von einer von einem inneren Radius definierten Innenfläche der ringförmige Elemente nach außen erstrecken, ergeben sich vorteilhafterweise ringförmige Elemente mit Nuten bzw. Sollbruchstellen, welche an der Außenseite der ringförmigen Elemente nicht ersichtlich sind. Das Vorsehen einer äußeren (Schutz-)Hülle kann somit vorteilhafterweise entfallen.Insofar as the grooves extend outward from an inner surface of the annular elements defined by an inner radius, annular elements with grooves or predetermined breaking points, which are not apparent on the outer side of the annular elements, advantageously result. The provision of an outer (protective) shell can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
Besonders günstig ist in diesem Fall, wenn der ringförmige Verbindungsabschnitt eine im Wesentlichen vollflächige, äußere Mantelfläche aufweist, sodass sich bei Übereinanderanordnung derartiger ringförmiger Elemente eine im Wesentlichen geschlossene, vorzugsweise zylindrische äußere Mantelfläche ergibt, ohne dass hiefür zusätzliche Vorkehrungen getroffen werden müssten.In this case, it is particularly favorable if the annular connecting portion has a substantially full-surface, outer circumferential surface, so that when superimposed such annular elements a substantially closed, preferably cylindrical outer surface results without additional measures would have to be taken.
Um eine im Wesentlichen ebene äußere Mantelfläche mithilfe einer Vielzahl von übereinander angeordneter ringförmiger Elemente zu erzielen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die äußere Mantelfläche der ringförmigen Elemente jeweils einen von 90° abweichenden Winkel mit einer Ober- und Unterfläche des ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitts aufweisen, so dass die Mantelfläche im Wesentlichen parallel zur zylindrischen Mandelfläche des Geschosskörpers verläuft.In order to achieve a substantially flat outer circumferential surface by means of a plurality of superposed annular elements, it is advantageous if the outer circumferential surface of the annular elements each have a non-90 ° angle with an upper and lower surface of the annular connecting portion, so that the Mantle surface is substantially parallel to the cylindrical almond surface of the projectile body.
Durch diese im Wesentlichen ebenflächige Ausgestaltung einer äußeren Mantelfläche durch eine Vielzahl von ringförmigen Elementen kann die Anlagerung von Schmutz bzw. eine Kontaktkorrosionsausbildung oder dgl. insbesondere im Falle der Verklebung der ringförmigen Elemente untereinander und/oder der Aufbringung einer Beschichtung, z.B. einer Lackschicht, vorteilhafterweise vermieden werden.As a result of this essentially planar configuration of an outer jacket surface by a multiplicity of annular elements, the attachment of dirt or a contact corrosion formation or the like can take place, in particular in the case of the bonding of the annular elements to one another and / or the application of a coating, e.g. a lacquer layer, advantageously avoided.
Verfahrenstechnisch werden derartige ringförmige Elemente insbesondere wie folgt erzeugt:In terms of process technology, such annular elements are produced in particular as follows:
Zunächst werden im Wesentlichen plane ringförmige Scheiben hergestellt, in welche sodann mithilfe der vorstehend genannten Schritte (Erodieren, Stanzen, Fräsen, etc.) Sollbruchstellen eingebracht werden, wobei ein ringförmiger Verbindungsabschnitt bestehen bleibt. Nachfolgend werden die frei auskragenden Enden der vordefinierten Splitter aus der von dem ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Ebene gebogen, wodurch die gewünschte Ausstoßrichtung definiert wird.First, substantially planar annular discs are produced, in which then using the above Steps (eroding, punching, milling, etc.) predetermined breaking points are introduced, wherein an annular connecting portion remains. Subsequently, the cantilevered ends of the predefined splitter are bent out of the plane defined by the annular connecting portion, whereby the desired ejection direction is defined.
Daher ergibt sich, dass die äußere Mantelfläche der zuvor scheibenförmigen Elemente jedoch sodann senkrecht zu den schräggestellten Splittern bzw. zum ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt angeordnet ist, sodass bei übereinander Anordnung derartiger ringförmiger Elemente jedes Element einen scharfkantigen, im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen dreiecksförmigen Vorsprung ausbildet. Dies ist einerseits hinsichtlich der Korrosionsbildung und der Möglichkeit einer Aufbringung einer (dichten) Schutzhülle bzw. Beschichtung nachteilig; zudem sind ballistische Nachteile hiermit verbunden.Therefore, it follows that the outer surface of the previously disc-shaped elements, however, is then arranged perpendicular to the slanted splinters or the annular connecting portion, so that when superposed arrangement of such annular elements, each element forms a sharp-edged, in cross-section substantially triangular projection. This is on the one hand in terms of corrosion and the possibility of applying a (dense) protective cover or coating disadvantageous; In addition, ballistic disadvantages are associated with this.
Um demzufolge eine im Wesentlichen geschlossene, ebene äußere Mantelfläche bei übereinander Anordnung der ringförmigen Elemente zu erzielen, werden vorteilhaftweise die scharfkantigen dreieckigen Vorsprünge der ringförmigen Elemente, vorzugsweise in einem Drehverfahren und nach Verklebung der ringförmigen Elemente miteinander, entfernt, sodass die gewünschte im Wesentlichen ebene äußere Mantelfläche erzielt wird. Diese kann sodann mit einem im Stand der Technik bekannten Schutzlack oder dgl. versehen werden.Accordingly, in order to achieve a substantially closed, flat outer circumferential surface when the annular elements are arranged one above the other, the sharp-edged triangular projections of the annular elements are advantageously removed, preferably in a turning process and after the annular elements have been bonded together, so that the desired substantially planar outer Lateral surface is achieved. This can then be provided with a protective lacquer or the like known in the art.
Hinsichtlich der Erhöhung des wirksamen Umkreises des Geschosses ist es günstig, wenn die bodennahen ringförmigen Elemente in einem anderen Winkel ausgestoßen werden als die bodenfernen ringförmigen Elemente, sodass es vorteilhaft ist, wenn zwischen einer ersten Teilmenge und einer zweiten Teilmenge der ringförmigen Elemente ein Positionierring angeordnet ist. Mit Hilfe des Positionierrings können die ringförmigen Elemente somit auf einfache Weise in zumindest zwei Teilmengen, vorzugsweise mit unterschiedlichen Ausstoßrichtungen, unterteilt werden.With regard to increasing the effective radius of the projectile, it is advantageous if the ground-level annular elements are ejected at a different angle than the ground-away annular elements, so that it is advantageous if a positioning ring is arranged between a first subset and a second subset of the annular elements , With the aid of the positioning ring, the annular elements can thus be subdivided in a simple manner into at least two subsets, preferably with different ejection directions.
Um hierbei eine kompakte Positionierung von im Wesentlichen spiegelbildlich angeordneten, ringförmigen Elementen zu erzielen, ist es günstig, wenn der Positionierring zu einer Orthogonalebene der Längsachse des rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitts des Geschosskörpers eine schräg verlaufende obere und untere Anlagefläche aufweist, wobei der Positionierring vorzugsweise um eine mittige Orthogonalebene der Längsachse des rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitts spiegelbildlich ausgestaltet ist.In order to achieve a compact positioning of substantially mirror-inverted, annular elements, it is advantageous if the positioning ring to an orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion of the projectile body has a sloping upper and lower contact surface, wherein the positioning ring is preferably designed mirror image about a central orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetric portion.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird insbesondere auch durch ein ringförmiges Element für ein Geschoss gemäß einem der vorstehend genannten Ansprüche erzielt, das zumindest abschnittsweise mehrere Sollbruchstellen aufweist, über welche beim Zerfall des Elements ausbildende Splitter definiert sind, wobei die frei auskragenden Enden der Splitter zumindest teilweise in einer gemeinsamen Orthogonalebene zu einer Längsachse des ringförmigen Elements angeordnet sind, und diese Orthogonalebene von einer durch den ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierte Orthogonalebene abweichend angeordnet ist.The object of the invention is achieved in particular by an annular element for a projectile according to one of the above claims, which has at least partially a plurality of predetermined breaking points, which are defined by the decay of the element forming splitter, wherein the freely projecting ends of the splitter at least partially in one common orthogonal plane to a longitudinal axis of the annular element are arranged, and this orthogonal plane is arranged deviating from an orthogonal plane defined by the annular connecting portion.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen, auf welche sie jedoch keinesfalls beschränkt werden soll, noch näher erläutert. Im Einzelnen zeigen in den Zeichnungen:
-
Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses; -
Fig. 1a einen Querschnitt eines alternativen Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses; -
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines ringförmigen Elements; -
Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht des ringförmigen Elements gemäßFig. 2 ; -
Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf das ringförmige Element gemäß denFig. 2 und 3 ; -
Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des ringförmigen Elements; -
Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltung des ringförmigen Elements; -
Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht einer weiteren alternative Ausgestaltung des ringförmigen Elements; -
Fig. 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines ringförmigen Elements mit in unterschiedliche Richtungen auskragenden Splittern; -
Fig. 9 eine Seitenansicht des ringförmigen Elements gemäßFig. 8 .
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Fig. 1 a cross section of a projectile according to the invention; -
Fig. 1a a cross section of an alternative embodiment of a projectile according to the invention; -
Fig. 2 a perspective view of an annular element; -
Fig. 3 a side view of the annular element according toFig. 2 ; -
Fig. 4 a plan view of the annular element according to theFIGS. 2 and 3 ; -
Fig. 5 a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the annular element; -
Fig. 6 a plan view of another alternative embodiment the annular element; -
Fig. 7 a plan view of another alternative embodiment of the annular element; -
Fig. 8 a perspective view of an annular member having projecting in different directions splinters; -
Fig. 9 a side view of the annular element according toFig. 8 ,
In
Wie der Querschnittansicht gemäß
Weiters ist in
In
Durch diese konvex gekrümmte Ausgestaltung der äußeren Mantelfläche 16 ergibt sich vorteilhafterweise eine besonders günstige Aerodynamik, welche der aerodynamischen Ausgestaltung von anderen Geschossen (ohne ringförmigen Splitterelementen) im Wesentlichen entspricht. Zudem kann durch diese Ausgestaltung auch die erfindungsgemäß angestrebte Vergrößerung des Streuwinkels weiter begünstigt werden.This convexly curved configuration of the outer
In den
Wie ersichtlich ist hierbei außenseitig ein ringförmiger Verbindungsabschnitt 11 ausgebildet, von welchem sich eine Vielzahl von Splittern 12 mit jeweils einem frei auskragendem Ende 13 nach innen erstreckt.As can be seen, an annular connecting
Insbesondere in der Seitenansicht gemäß
Hierbei werden die erfindungsgemäßen ringförmigen Elemente 8 vorzugsweise aus ringförmigen Scheiben hergestellt, wobei diese ringförmigen Scheiben zur Festlegung der Schrägstellung der Splitter 12 bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem Winkel α von im Wesentlichen 30° gegenüber einer Orthogonalebene 11' bzw. 13' sodann vorzugsweise mittels eines Prägeverfahrens umgeformt werden.In this case, the
Bevor diese Umformung, vorzugsweise mittels Prägung, durchgeführt wird, ist es vorteilhaft, in den (noch) ringförmigen Scheiben, welche ein Zwischenprodukt bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen ringförmigen Elemente 8 darstellen, die Sollbruchstellen in Form von Nuten 14 zu erzeugen.Before this transformation, preferably by means of embossing, is carried out, it is advantageous to produce the predetermined breaking points in the form of
Hierfür sind unterschiedliche Verfahren abhängig von der gewünschten Ausgestaltung der Nuten 14 möglich. Bei dem in den
Die möglichen Nut-Herstellungsmethoden hängen selbstverständlich auch mit der Materialwahl der ringförmigen Elemente 8 zusammen, wobei bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung vorzugsweise ein passender Eisenwerkstoff, der hinsichtlich Härte und Zähigkeit den gewünschten Anforderungen im Zusammenhang der Ausbildung von Splittern entspricht, gewählt wird. Ein derartiger Eisenwerkstoff weist grundsätzlich auch gute Stanzfähigkeiten auf.The possible groove production methods are of course also related to the choice of material of the
Im Übrigen werden die Abmessungen des ringförmigen Scheibenelements, welches als Zwischenprodukt für die erfindungsgemäßen ringförmigen Elemente dient, derart gewählt, dass eine quaderförmige Splitterausgestaltung, besonders bevorzugt eine kubistische Splitterausgestaltung, erzielt wird.Moreover, the dimensions of the annular disc element, which serves as an intermediate for the annular elements according to the invention, are chosen such that a cuboid Splitter design, particularly preferably a cubist splitter design, is achieved.
Mittels Fräsen oder Stanzen können, wie in den
Eine besonders materialsparende Herstellungmethode wurde bei dem in
In den
Die unterschiedliche Ausrichtung der Splitter 12 ist hierbei in Umfangsrichtung gesehen abwechselnd gewählt, sodass vorteilhafterweise gleich ausgebildete ringförmige Elemente 8 in einer um einen Splitter 12 verdreht angeordnete Ausrichtung innig ineinander gestapelt werden können.The different orientation of the
Wie in
Tests haben gezeigt, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Wahl des Sprengstoffs und des Materials der ringförmigen Elemente 8 die Elemente 8 der Gruppe 10, welche näher dem Zünder, d.h. eher bodennah angeordnet sind, in einem Streuwinkel β von ca. 0° bis 70° zur Orthogonalebene 13' ausgestoßen werden, wobei die nahe dem Positionierring 9 bzw. einer Mittelebene angeordneten Splitter 12 in einem verhältnismäßig kleinen Winkel nahe der Untergrenze des Streuwinkels β ausgestoßen werden. Der Ausstoßwinkel erhöht sich sodann für die weiter vom Positionierring 9 bzw. einer Mittelebene abliegenden Splitter 12, so dass die vom Positionierring 9 entfernten Splitter 12 - wiederum in Abhängigkeit von Sprengstoff- und Materialwahl - in einem Winkel nahe der Obergrenze des Streuwinkels β ausgestoßen werden. Die ringförmigen Elemente 8 der Gruppe 10', welche näher dem Heckteil 3 des Geschosses 2 angeordnet sind, weisen einen Streuwinkel β' von betragsmäßig vorzugsweise ebenfalls ca. 0° bis 70° zur Orthogonalebene 13' auf, jedoch in gegenteiliger Richtung. Auch hier erhöht sich - wie vorstehend beschrieben - wiederum der Ausstoßwinkel der Splitter 12 je weiter die Splitter von dem Positionierring 9 bzw. einer Mittelebene abliegen, so dass sich vorteilhafterweise in Summe ein effektiver Ausstoßwinkel von bis zu 140° ergibt.Tests have shown that, depending on the choice of explosive and material of the
Hierdurch ergibt sich, wie in
Weiters ist in
Freilich können in einem Geschoss 2 auch ringförmige Elemente 8 mit unterschiedlichen Winkeln α vorgesehen werden bzw. teilweise auch scheibenförmige Elemente, bei welchen sich die Splitter im Wesentlichen in Richtung einer Orthogonalebene auf die Längsachse 8' erstrecken. Wesentlich ist lediglich, dass zumindest einige ringförmige Elemente 8 vorgesehen sind, bei welchen die frei auskragenden Enden 13 der Splitter 12 in einer abweichenden Orthogonalebene 13' zu der von dem ringförmigen Verbindungsabschnitt definierten Orthogonalebene 11' angeordnet sind, um den Streuwinkel der Splitter 12 zu vergrößern.Of course, in a
Claims (15)
- A projectile (1) with a projectile body (2), which includes a recess (5) for receiving explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has, at least in sections, a cylindrical wall surface (7), which is surrounded, at least in sections, by a plurality of annular elements (8) provided with predetermined breaking points, wherein fragments (12) forming on disintegration of the elements (8) are predefined by means of the predetermined breaking points and the fragments (12) are connected together in an annular connection section (11) to form the annular element (8), characterised in that the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) are arranged at least partially in a common orthogonal plane (13') to a longitudinal axis (8') of the annular element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13') is arranged differing from an orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section (11) and the annular elements (8) are divided into two groups, (10, 10') wherein the fragments (12) of the annular elements (8) are bent in a direction with respect to the orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section (11) and the annular elements (8) of the two groups (10, 10') are slid onto the cylindrical wall surface (7) in different spatial alignments.
- A projectile as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the upper surface and under surface (8") of at least a number of fragments (12) are substantially flat and parallel to one another, wherein the two surfaces (8'') define an angle (α) differing from 90° with respect to the orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section (11), to the longitudinal axis (8').
- A projectile as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that all the fragments (12) define substantially the same angle of inclination (α) with respect to the orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section (11) to the longitudinal axis.
- A projectile as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that a proportion of the fragments (12) define a first angle (α) differing from 90° with the orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section (11) and a further proportion define a second angle (α') also differing from 90° with the orthogonal plane (11') defined by the annular connection section, wherein the second angle (α') preferably corresponds to the first angle (α) reflected about a plane extending through an annular connecting section (11).
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the upper and lower surfaces (8") of the fragments (12) define an angle (α) between 5° and 70°, preferably between 15° and 45°, particularly between 25° and 35°, with respect to a plane (11') defined by the annular connecting section (11).
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the annular elements (8) each have a plurality of slots (14) constituting the predetermined breaking points.
- A projectile as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the longitudinal axes of the slots (14) extend substantially in the radial direction of the annular element (8).
- A projectile as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the slots (14) have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the slots (14) have a circular arcuate slot base (15') .
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the slots (14) have an acute angled slot base (15') .
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 7 to 10, characterised in that the slots (14) extend outwardly from an inner surface of the annular element (8) defined by an internal radius.
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the annular connection section (11) has a substantially continuous outer wall surface (16).
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the outer wall surface (16) of the annular elements has an angle differing from 90° with an upper surface and an under surface of the annular connection section (11), wherein the wall surface (16) extends substantially parallel to the cylindrical wall surface (7) of the projectile body (2).
- A projectile as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that a positioning ring (9) is arranged between a first proportion (10) and a second proportion (10') of the annular elements (8).
- A projectile as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that the positioning ring has an upper and lower abutment surface (9', 9") extending obliquely to an orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetrical section of the projectile body (2), wherein the positioning ring (9) is preferably of mirror symmetrical construction about a central orthogonal plane of the longitudinal axis of the rotationally symmetrical section.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL15715665T PL3117178T3 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-10 | Projectile |
RS20180395A RS57134B1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-10 | Projectile |
MEP-2018-65A ME03050B (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-10 | Projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA50190/2014A AT515209B1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | bullet |
PCT/AT2015/050062 WO2015135013A1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-10 | Projectile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3117178A1 EP3117178A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3117178B1 true EP3117178B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
Family
ID=52823962
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15715665.4A Active EP3117178B1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-10 | Projectile |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10415939B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3117178B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6375587B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101915174B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT515209B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2015230658B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016021064B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2940739C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2016002288A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3117178T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2662978T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL247765B (en) |
ME (1) | ME03050B (en) |
MX (1) | MX2016011623A (en) |
MY (1) | MY185509A (en) |
NO (1) | NO3117178T3 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ724453A (en) |
PH (1) | PH12016501730A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3117178T3 (en) |
RS (1) | RS57134B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2684795C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201607618XA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015135013A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201605972B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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AT515209B1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-07-15 | Hirtenberger Defence Systems Gmbh & Co Kg | bullet |
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US20240044624A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-02-08 | Corvid Technologies LLC | Munitions and methods for operating same |
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-
2014
- 2014-03-14 AT ATA50190/2014A patent/AT515209B1/en active
-
2015
- 2015-03-10 MY MYPI2016703098A patent/MY185509A/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 SG SG11201607618XA patent/SG11201607618XA/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 JP JP2016554573A patent/JP6375587B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 AU AU2015230658A patent/AU2015230658B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 PL PL15715665T patent/PL3117178T3/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 BR BR112016021064-6A patent/BR112016021064B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-03-10 ME MEP-2018-65A patent/ME03050B/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 MX MX2016011623A patent/MX2016011623A/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 RU RU2016139462A patent/RU2684795C2/en active
- 2015-03-10 NO NO15715665A patent/NO3117178T3/no unknown
- 2015-03-10 DK DK15715665.4T patent/DK3117178T3/en active
- 2015-03-10 ES ES15715665.4T patent/ES2662978T3/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 KR KR1020167028060A patent/KR101915174B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-03-10 CA CA2940739A patent/CA2940739C/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 WO PCT/AT2015/050062 patent/WO2015135013A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-03-10 EP EP15715665.4A patent/EP3117178B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 RS RS20180395A patent/RS57134B1/en unknown
- 2015-03-10 US US15/126,018 patent/US10415939B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-10 NZ NZ724453A patent/NZ724453A/en unknown
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- 2016-09-02 PH PH12016501730A patent/PH12016501730A1/en unknown
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