EP3983749A1

EP3983749A1 - Projectile, in particular deformation and/or partial fragmentation projectile, and method for producing a projectile

Info

Publication number: EP3983749A1
Application number: EP20732879.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Florian Spanner
Original assignee: RUAG Ammotec GmbH
Current assignee: RWS GmbH
Priority date: 2019-06-13
Filing date: 2020-06-12
Publication date: 2022-04-20
Also published as: MX2021015227A; KR20220032551A; DE102019116125A1; JP2022536715A; BR112021025098A2; CA3140322A1; US20240302145A1; IL288789A; AU2020291797A1; CN114127505A; WO2020249788A1; ZA202109905B

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile, in particular a deformation and/or partial fragmentation projectile, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail; a nose-side projectile head which adjoins the projectile tail and comprises a substantially central opening that opens into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head in the direction of the projectile tail, preferably into the projectile tail, said cavity having a cavity base and being delimited by a wall; and a tear-off groove which is introduced into the wall and at least partly encircles the cavity and which is arranged at a distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extension of the cavity from the cavity base and has a radial depth of at least 10% of the caliber diameter and/or at least 30% of the radial wall thickness of the wall surrounding the cavity.

Description

Projectile, in particular deformation and / or partially fragmentation projectile, and method for producing a projectile

The invention relates to a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partially dismantling projectile. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partially dismantling projectile.

It is known to form solid projectiles, in particular partially fragmented projectiles, with an unfilled cavity formed in the area of the ogive, which has an opening provided at the ogive tip, the diameter of which often makes up more than 50% of the bullet caliber. It is known to work several notches into the ogivoid wall surrounding the cavity by means of cutting manufacturing processes, which when it hits a jelly mass, which is used according to known test methods to inspect and assess deformation behavior, a mushroom-shaped or sepal-shaped, radial cause outwardly bent deformation of the wall. An example of such a notched wall of the ogive section of the projectile is known from WO 2015/061662 Ai. The known projectile head has an extremely large ogive tip opening at which the gelatinous mass can enter the cavity in order to cause the above-mentioned desired deformation. It turned out, however, that the central ogive tip opening in the case of hits with greater hardness, such as gelatinous masses surrounded by textile fabric, gypsum concrete slabs, etc., the ogive tip opening is blocked by the material of greater hardness, which is why the gelatinous mass building up the hydraulic pressure is not can penetrate into the cavity, which does not result in the desired mushroom-shaped deformation structure.

Furthermore, it is known to produce a projectile or projectile head with the aid of a so-called intermediate or intermediate product, wherein a Cold forming process, such as deep drawing, is used. In the case of known cold-formed projectiles, it was found that the deformation behavior of the projectile does not proceed as desired, particularly in the standardized test methods. With all the various known punches proposed for deep-drawing the intermediate, it has been shown that conical or pyramidal tools used for this purpose can easily break. The service lives of such tools are uneconomically short. It was also shown in the known deep-drawing by means of a dome that tension variations and material hardening arise in the circumferential wall, which cause an uneven, hardly controllable deformation of the impacting projectile.

The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to improve a projectile and a method for producing a projectile in such a way that an optimized, simple production is possible and the deformation and / or partial decomposition behavior is optimized.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 10.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partially dismantling projectile, is provided. Projectiles or projectiles are part of a cartridge or ammunition of a firearm, especially a handgun. The projectile is the component of the cartridge that is fired from the firearm. A partial fragmentation bullet is generally designed in such a way that when the bullet hits a target it breaks down in a controlled manner to a defined residual body. Deformation bullets are usually characterized by a stable, controlled deformation. A partially dismantling bullet can also be constructed in such a way that when it hits a target it is dismantled in a controlled manner and / or partially deformed in a controlled manner except for a defined residual body. The controlled deformation of deformation bullets is usually designed in such a way that the deformation bullet expands / unfolds when it hits a target, the deformation bullet usually remaining stable in mass. Projectiles or projectiles of this type are used in particular as hunting projectiles, since they lead more reliably to faster death of the game being shot due to the effective energy release through partial decomposition and / or defined deformation in the body of the game. The projectile according to the invention comprises an essentially cylindrical projectile tail which is arranged on the rear side with respect to the direction of flight of the projectile. The projectile can be formed essentially completely cylindrical and / or have a constant outer diameter with respect to a projectile central axis. In particular, the outside diameter of the projectile stern defines the caliber diameter. The projectile also includes a bow-side projectile head which adjoins the projectile tail and which is arranged at the front with respect to the projectile flight direction. The projectile head comprises a front-side, that is to say on the front side with respect to the projectile flight direction and thus on the front side of the projectile, essentially central opening, which is for example oriented concentrically with respect to the projectile center axis. The opening can open into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head in the direction of the projectile tail, preferably into the projectile tail. The cavity has a cavity base that points in the direction of the rear of the projectile and is delimited by a wall. For example, the wall runs completely around the cavity in the circumferential direction. The wall of the projectile head can have an essentially ogivoid shape on the outside.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a tear-off groove at least partially encircling the cavity is made in the wall. When the projectile / projectile hits a target, the tear-off groove can help the projectile head to deform and / or disintegrate up to an axial position at which the tear-off groove is arranged. Furthermore, it can be provided that the projectile head on the projectile nose is torn off from the projectile tail when the projectile hits a target, namely along the tear-off groove. The tear-off groove can, for example, be oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and also serve to determine the deformation and / or decomposition behavior of the deformation and / or partial decomposition projectile, in particular to limit deformation and / or decomposition of the projectile. The tear-off groove is arranged at a distance of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40% or at about 50% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity from the cavity bottom. A radial depth of the tear-off groove in relation to the projectile longitudinal axis is at least 10%, preferably at least 15% or at least 20%, of a caliber diameter and / or at least 30%, preferably at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45% or at least 50%, a radial Wall thickness of the wall surrounding the cavity. According to the invention, it was found that the combination of central cavity and tear-off groove, in particular due to the claimed positioning and / or dimensioning of the tear-off groove in relation to the cavity, results in an advantageous deformation or partial decomposition. When the projectile hits a target, a combination of tearing projectile head sections and unfolding / mushrooming projectile head sections is achieved, so that an increased energy release in the game through a cross-sectional enlargement as a result of the mushrooming / unfolding deformation and on the other hand through the increased destructive effect the dismantled projectile fragments is obtained. Metals, in particular hard metals such as copper, copper alloys, for example tombac, can be used as materials for the projectile. For example, it is provided that the tear-off groove completely surrounds the cavity.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, a preferably completely encircling bevel is formed at the transition between the projectile tail and the projectile head, at which a diameter of the projectile viewed with respect to the central axis of the projectile decreases continuously. The caliber diameter of the projectile can for example be determined by the diameter in the area of the projectile stern. Due to the geometric separation between the projectile tail and the projectile head by means of the bevel, it can be guaranteed that the projectile only comes into contact with the barrel of a weapon in the area of the projectile tail, while the outer wall surface in the area of the projectile head does not have any frictional contact with the barrel when the projectile is fired the weapon remains, so that at the same time there is a functional separation between the projectile tail and the projectile head.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the cavity extends by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of a longitudinal extension of the projectile. It has been found that the claimed cavity axial lengths have an advantageous effect on the deformation or partial decomposition behavior of the projectile, namely to the extent that the length of the cavity extends over the length of the cavity can determine / set up mushrooming / unfolding projectile sections when the projectile hits a target.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the cavity widens continuously, essentially starting from the opening. On the end face of the projectile, the cross section of the cavity can briefly be funnel-shaped and / or frustoconical before the opening widens continuously. In particular, the cavity widens continuously up to an axial position of the tear-off groove. For example, it can be provided that the cavity tapers again continuously from the axial position of the tear-off groove until the cavity finally merges into the bottom of the cavity. According to an exemplary development, the cavity is essentially teardrop-shaped. For example, the bottom of the cavity can be curved in a concave manner.

In an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the tear-off groove is essentially U-shaped or V-shaped. For example, the tear-off groove can be produced by a turning or milling process and / or can be made in the wall.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the tear-off groove comprises a flank on the projectile head side, a flank on the projectile rear side and a groove base connecting the projectile head side flank and the projectile rear flank with one another. In an exemplary embodiment, the flank on the projectile head side and / or the projectile rear side is curved and / or the groove base is formed by a radius and / or a transition between the projectile head side flank and / or the projectile rear side flank and the groove base is formed by a radius.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the tear-off groove comprises a flank on the projectile head, a flank on the rear of the projectile and a groove base connecting the flank on the projectile head and the flank on the rear of the projectile. The flank on the projectile head side and / or the projectile rear side can, for example, extend in a straight line in the direction of the groove base and / or the groove base can be substantially parallel to the groove base The base surface oriented towards the central axis of the projectile can be formed and / or a transition between the flank on the projectile head side and / or the flank on the projectile rear side and the groove base can be formed by an edge, preferably at which the respective flank merges abruptly into the groove base.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, an opening angle between the flank on the projectile head side and the flank on the rear of the projectile, starting from the groove base, is in the range of 10 ° - 90 °, preferably in the range of 20 ° - 80 °, 30 ° - 70 ° or 40 ° - 6o °. The opening angle can ensure that a sharp tear-off groove is provided, in particular to ensure the preferred deformation or partial dismantling of the projectile and / or to ensure a controlled tearing of the rear projectile section in relation to the tear-off groove from the front-side projectile sections.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the tear-off groove is divided up at least in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction with respect to the central axis of the projectile at a distance from one another. For example, two groove segments arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis can overlap in the radial direction. According to an exemplary development, at least three separate groove segments are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis of the projectile and / or two adjacent groove segments are connected to one another by a wall web. The wall web can be formed by the ogivoid-shaped wall.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partially fragmentation projectile, is provided. Projectiles or projectiles are part of a cartridge or ammunition of a firearm, especially a handgun. The projectile is the component of the cartridge that is fired from the firearm. A partial fragmentation bullet is generally designed in such a way that when the bullet hits a target it breaks down in a controlled manner to a defined residual body. Deformation bullets are usually characterized by a stable, controlled deformation. A partially dismantling bullet can also be constructed in such a way that when it hits a target it is dismantled in a controlled manner and / or partially deformed in a controlled manner except for a defined residual body. The controlled deformation of deformation bullets is usually designed in such a way that the deformation bullet expands / unfolds when it hits a target, the deformation bullet usually remaining stable in mass. Projectiles or projectiles of this type are used in particular as hunting projectiles, since they lead more reliably to faster death of the game being shot due to the effective energy release through partial decomposition and / or defined deformation in the body of the game.

The projectile according to the invention comprises an essentially cylindrical projectile tail which is arranged on the rear side with respect to the direction of flight of the projectile. The projectile can be formed essentially completely cylindrical and / or have a constant outer diameter with respect to a projectile central axis. In particular, the outside diameter of the projectile tail defines the caliber diameter. The projectile also comprises a bow-side, essentially ogivoid projectile head which adjoins the projectile tail and which is arranged at the front with respect to the projectile flight direction. The projectile head comprises a front, i. in relation to the projectile flight direction on the front side and thus on the front side of the projectile, an essentially central opening, which is oriented, for example, concentrically with respect to the projectile center axis. The opening can open into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head in the direction of the projectile tail, preferably into the projectile tail, along the projectile center axis. The cavity has a cavity base that points in the direction of the rear of the projectile and is delimited by a wall. For example, the wall runs completely around the cavity in the circumferential direction. The wall of the projectile head can have an essentially ogivoid shape on the outside.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the wall on the projectile head side comprises at least one flattened outer surface section deviating from an ogivoid shape. It can be flattened with respect to a curvature of the ogivoid-shaped wall sections with respect to the Projectile center axis are understood. The outer surface section has a radial curvature with respect to the projectile center axis which is at least twice as great as a radial curvature with respect to the projectile center axis of an adjacent ogivoid section and / or the projectile tail. For example, the at least one surface section can be convexly curved and / or connected to an adjacent ogivoid section by means of a preferably essentially ogivoid transition edge oriented essentially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section is produced by a cutting or reshaping manufacturing process. For example, a pressing process can be used.

In a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section has an axial length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of an axial length of the essentially ogivoid projectile head. For example, the at least one outer surface section can extend at least axially in sections in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis by at least 45% and preferably at most 120%. The flattened outer surface sections can be formed such that a radial distance between the outer surface section and the projectile center axis is dimensioned smaller than a radial distance between an adjacent ogivoid section at the same axial height with respect to the projectile center axis.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, at least two, preferably at least three or at least four, in particular identically shaped outer surface sections are formed on the wall on the projectile head side. It can be provided that the at least two outer surface sections are separated from an ogivoid section at least in axial sections and / or merge into one another in axial sections such that an ogivoid transition edge is formed. The transition edge can, for example, be oriented essentially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, with the im There is essentially an ogivoid shape of the projectile head at an angle with respect to the projectile center axis.

According to an exemplary further development of the present invention, a tear-off groove is made in the wall on the projectile head side and runs around the cavity at least partially, preferably completely. The tear-off groove can be formed, for example, in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments described above in relation to the first inventive aspect of the present invention.

According to a further exemplary development, the at least one outer surface section opens directly into the tear-off groove, in particular in a tear-off groove flank on the projectile head side, which extends from the wall in the direction of a tear-off groove base. In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section merges into a wall outer contour completely surrounding the opening in such a way that a distance between the wall outer contour and the projectile center axis varies in the course of the wall outer contour.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the at least one outer surface section is essentially flat. In the top view of the projectile, the projectile has a polygonal (triangular, square, etc.) structure on the projectile head side, whereby it can be provided, for example, that the respective corners at which adjacent sections, in particular outer surface sections or ogivoid sections, merge, can be rounded , while the corresponding wall outer contour sections are flat on the outer surface sections.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the wall on the projectile head side is slotted on the inside, ie it has at least one, preferably at least two, at least three or at least four axial slots. For example, it is provided that the at least one axial slot extends from the central opening in the direction of the projectile rear, preferably by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50% Axial length of the cavity. According to the invention, it has been found that the slitting on the inside in the cavity of the projectile has an advantageous effect on the desired deformation or partial decomposition. In particular, the axial slots reinforce the mushrooming deformation behavior insofar as adjacent projectile head wall sections separate from one another along an axial slot and thus can mushroom / unfold more easily and furthermore the number of projectile fragments tearing off / partially decomposing is increased.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a number of the axial slots is matched to a number of the outer surface sections, in particular the number of axial slots corresponds to the number of the outer surface sections. Alternatively or additionally, a circumferential position with respect to the projectile center axis of the at least one axial slot is coordinated with a circumferential position of the at least one outer surface section with respect to the projectile center axis in such a way that the at least one axial slot is provided in the area of an ogivoid section, in particular in the area of the ogivoid transition edge of two adjacent outer surface sections.

Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by means of a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the projectile according to FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the projectile according to FIGS. 1, 2;

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the projectile according to FIGS. 1-3 along the line IV in FIG. 3;

Figure 5 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 6 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure li shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 12 is a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a

Tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;

FIG. 13 shows a detailed view XIII according to FIG. 4;

FIG. 14 shows a detailed view XIV according to FIG. 4;

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

FIG. 16 is a side view of the projectile according to FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 shows a plan view of the projectile according to FIGS. 15 and 16;

Figure 18 is a sectional view of the projectile of Figures 15-17;

19 shows a further side view of the projectile according to FIGS. 15 to 18;

FIGS. 20a to 20h show schematic detailed views from the front by way of example

Execution of notches of projectiles according to the invention; and FIGS. 21a to 21h show schematic detailed views of the notches according to FIGS. 20a to 20h.

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of projectiles according to the invention, a projectile according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number l. The same or similar reference symbols are used for the same or similar components. For the following description of the figures, for the sake of simplicity, reference is made exclusively to a projectile 1, it being clear that the statements apply equally to deformation and / or partially dismantling projectiles 1 according to the invention. The projectiles shown in FIGS. 1-14 are made from one piece, for example by means of a forming process, it being clear that further manufacturing processes, such as machining processes, can be used to generate specific details of the projectiles 1 according to the invention. The projectiles 1 can be made of a homogeneous metal material such as copper, copper alloy, brass, lead, etc. The projectile 1 is preferably made of a lead-free material. A projectile blank (not shown) can be produced from a cut-off blank, which in particular can be formed from a cut-off ductile metal material. The projectile blank is for example cold-formed by means of pressing, in particular deep drawing, and in particular using a punch-die arrangement.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, an exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention, in particular a deformation and / or partially dismantling projectile 1 according to the invention, is explained. With reference to FIGS. 5-14, specific components of the projectile 1 of FIGS. 1-4 are described in more detail.

The projectile 1 according to the invention, shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1, comprises an essentially cylindrical projectile tail 3 and an adjoining bow-side, essentially ogivoid projectile head 5 with respect to the projectile center axis, which is indicated schematically by means of the line with the reference number M, the diameter of the projectile 1 viewed is continuously reduced (see FIG. 13). It is the rear of the projectile whose outside diameter defines the caliber diameter of the projectile 1. In this respect, it is also the projectile tail 3, in particular its outer jacket 9, which is in contact with a barrel of a weapon and guides the projectile 1 in the firearm barrel when the projectile 1 is fired by means of the firearm.

It is already indicated in FIG. 1 that a tear-off groove 13 is formed on the outside of a wall 11 forming the projectile head 5, which groove completely surrounds the projectile center axis M according to the exemplary embodiment. Reference is made to the tear-off groove 13 in more detail in the description of FIGS. 2, 4-12.

It can also be seen in FIG. 1 that the wall 11 on the projectile head side has at least one (four in FIG. 1, only three being visible), flattened outer surface section 15 deviating from an ogivoid shape. Two adjacent outer surface sections 15, which are produced, for example, by a cutting and / or reshaping manufacturing process, preferably by means of a pressing process, are axially separated from one another in sections by an ogoid transition edge 17. Furthermore, two adjacent outer surface sections 15 are separated from one another by an ogivoid section 19 in axial sections. Both the ogivoid sections 19 and the outer surface sections 15 each open directly into the tear-off groove 13.

At a front end face 21 of the projectile 1 pointing in the direction of flight of the projectile, an essentially central opening 23 is made in the projectile 1, which opens into a cavity 25 (FIG. 4).

Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the projectile 1 has an essentially flat projectile base 27, which merges into the essentially cylindrical rear casing 9 through a bevel section 29 formed circumferentially on the projectile tail 3. In FIG. 2 it can also be seen that the tear-off groove 13 is essentially implemented as a material recess, such as a groove, which completely surrounds the projectile center axis M. It can also be seen that the tear-off groove 13 essentially has a U-shape, a projectile head-side flank 31 extending from an ogivoid, front-side wall 11 to a groove bottom 33, which is oriented essentially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and / or essentially is just formed. The groove base 33 in turn opens into a flank 35 on the rear of the projectile, which, starting from the groove base 33, extends radially outward to an ogivoid, rear-side wall 11 and merges into this. FIG. 2 also shows the shape of the flattened outer surface sections 15, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the projectile by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of an axial length of the essentially ogivoid projectile head 5. Furthermore, the outer surface portions 15 constitute at least the projectile center axis M are separated from each other by at least 45 ^0, in Figure 2 90 °, from at which axial position of two adjacent outer surface portions 15 by a ogivoide transition edge 17 axialabschnittsweise in the circumferential direction with respect to. The ogivoid transition edges 17 merge in the axial direction on the stern side and, if necessary, on the front side, each with an ogivoid section 19, which axially separates two adjacent outer surface sections 15 from one another and also opens directly into the tear-off groove 13, in particular into the flank 31 on the projectile head side. In the side view (FIG. 2) the ogivoid sections 19 have an essentially triangular structure, with a short side opening at the rear into the flank 31 on the projectile head side and the two opposite long sides at the transition to an outer surface section 15 each. The outer surface sections 15 are essentially flat, thus not ogivoid shaped, such as the adjacent ogivoid sections 19. Each two adjacent outer surface sections 15 are inclined to one another, the angle of inclination between two adjacent outer surface sections 15 according to FIGS. 1-4, for example, in the range of 8o ⁰ ° to 110 harbors, preferably about 90 °.

In the top view according to FIG. 3, a wall outer contour 37 completely encircling the central opening 23 can be seen in particular. The outer wall contour 37 is formed on the end face 21 of the projectile 1 and forms an axial end of a corresponding outer surface section 15. In FIG. 3 it can be seen that a distance between the outer wall contour 37 and the projectile center axis M varies in the course of the outer wall contour 37. In the plan view, as can be seen in Figure 3, the wall outer contour 37 forms a polygonal structure of two pairs of opposing, essentially linearly extending contour sections 39 that exist in the area of the outer surface sections 15 and two pairs of opposing curved sections 41 that are in Area of ogivoid sections 19 of the projectile head 3 are arranged. Furthermore, a slot 43 introduced into the cavity 25 is indicated in FIG Extends essentially starting from the central opening 23 in the direction of the projectile tail 3 and is introduced into an inner wall surface 45 of the cavity 25.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the projectile 1 according to FIGS. 1-3 on the basis of the line IV-IV in FIG. With reference to Figure 4, the cavity 25 will be described in particular. The cavity 25 extends from the central opening 23 in the direction of the projectile tail 3 and, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 4, axially section-wise into the projectile tail 3. An axial length of the cavity 25 is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of a longitudinal extension of the projectile 1. Immediately adjacent to the central opening 23, the cavity 25 has a funnel section 47 on which there is an inner diameter of the cavity 25 is continuously reduced. Subsequently, the cavity 25 expands essentially continuously, namely up to an axial position of the tear-off groove 13. From the axial position of the tear-off groove 13, the cavity 25 tapers until it ends in a cavity bottom 49. The cavity 25 can essentially have a teardrop shape. In order to achieve the controlled and defined deformation and / or partial decomposition according to the invention, it is provided that the tear-off groove 13 is arranged at an axial distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity 25 from the cavity bottom 49. Furthermore, a radial depth of the tear-off groove 13 can be at least 10% of a caliber diameter, in particular an outer diameter of the projectile rear wall 9, and / or of at least 30% of a radial wall thickness of the wall 11 surrounding the cavity 25.

Looking at FIGS. 3 and 4 together, the slot 43 is formed by four axial slots 51, preferably distributed evenly in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis M, which extend from the central opening 23 in the direction of the projectile tail 3. An exemplary axial length a of the axial slots 51 is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50% of an axial length of the cavity 25. It can also be seen that a number of the axial slots 51 is adapted to a number of the outer surface sections 15 , in particular is identical to it. Furthermore, a circumferential position of the axial slot 51 is matched to a circumferential position of the outer surface sections 15 such that the axial slots 51 in the area of the Ogive sections 19 are positioned. For example, a slot base 53 of an axial slot 51 points in the direction of the transition edge 17 or ogivoid section 19. In plan view (FIG. 3), the slot 43 can be shaped as a crossing. In Figure 4 it can be seen that the cavity 25 has an axial slot-free area 55 in which no axial slot 51 is provided.

With reference to FIGS. 5 to 12, exemplary structures of tear-off grooves 13 are explained. In FIGS. 5 to 12, a radial depth r of the tear-off groove is indicated by the reference symbol r, a radial depth r being dimensioned from the wall outer side 11 to the groove base 33. The groove base 33 is implemented as a radius R according to the embodiments of FIGS. 5-8, while the groove base 33 according to FIGS. 9-12 is formed as a substantially flat base surface extending parallel to the central axis of the projectile. The embodiments of FIGS. 5-8 differ from one another essentially in the radial depth r of the tear-off groove 13 and in the opening angle that is set between the two opposite flanks 31, 35 forming the tear-off groove 13. Furthermore, an axial height b of the tear-off groove 13 can also vary, as can be seen by looking at FIGS. 5-8 together.

In FIGS. 9-12, differences in the tear-off groove 13 with regard to the opening angle and the axial height b and / or radial depth r can again be seen. An axial dimensioning of the recess bottom 33 can also vary. In the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5 to 12, the projectile rear-side flank 35 and the projectile-head-side flank 31 are each formed by essentially flat surfaces, whereby it is also conceivable that the flanks 31, 35 are curved, in particular have a radius and / or through merge a radius into the recess bottom 33.

FIG. 13 shows the detailed view XIII according to FIG. 4 in the area of the circumferential bevel 7. The bevel 7 can, for example, be oriented by less than 10 ° with respect to the adjoining wall 11 on the projectile head side and have an axial length of less than 1 mm.

A detailed view XIV according to FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. It can be seen that a radius 57, 59 is provided at the respective transition of the bevel section 29 into the projectile rear casing 9 or the projectile base 27. FIGS. 15 to 21h show a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. In the following description, identical or similar components are provided with identical or similar reference numbers. To avoid repetition, only the differences that arise in relation to the preceding explanations will be discussed.

In general, according to the alternative exemplary embodiment, the tear-off groove 13 only partially runs around the cavity 25. For example, the tear-off groove 13 is segmented in the circumferential direction. In other words, the tear-off groove 13 has at least two tear-off groove sections, such as notches or recesses or notches 61, which are distributed in the circumferential direction and arranged at a distance from one another when viewed in the circumferential direction. The tear-off groove 13 can have a plurality of tear-off groove sections, in particular evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, in particular notches or recesses or notches 61, which can be at the same axial height with respect to a projectile longitudinal axis.

The notches 61 can be made from the outside into the projectile wall by means of a cold forming process, such as pressing, and support a radial bending or unfolding of the ogive section 19.

As can be seen in particular from a synopsis of the perspective view according to FIG. 15 and the top view according to FIG. 17 of the projectile 1 according to the invention, the tear-off groove 13 has a total of four notches 61 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. From the side view according to FIG. 16 and the sectional view according to FIG. 18 it can also be seen that the notches 61 are arranged at essentially the same axial height in relation to the projectile longitudinal axis.

In relation to the sectional view according to FIG. 18, a production-specific feature can also be seen. When the notches 61 of the tear-off groove 13 are produced by means of cold forming, in particular pressing, a constriction 63 of the cavity 25 that ends at the same axial height as the notches 61 can result. As a result of the pressing process from the outside, projectile material is pressed radially inwards with respect to the notches 61, whereby the in particular drop-like The cavity shape according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 is modified in such a way that the cavity 25 narrows at the axial height of the notches 61.

Figures 20a to 21h show exemplary embodiments of notches 61 in detail. FIGS. 20a to 20h show notches 61 from the front and FIGS. 21a to 21h show the side or sectional view. Furthermore, the numbering is to be understood in such a way that the lower case letter after the figure numbering a, b stands for an embodiment variant, so that, for example, FIGS. 20a and 21a show the same notch shape 61, once from the side and once from the front. The same applies to FIGS. 20b and 21b to 20h and 21h, respectively. The embodiment variant a is hexagonal in plan view and essentially triangular in side sectional view. The variant b is oval in plan view and trapezoidal in side view. The embodiment variant c is triangular in the plan view with rounded corners and essentially angular in the side view. Embodiment d shows a notch 61 which is diamond-shaped in plan view and which is formed substantially constant in the radial direction, i. has a constant cross-section. Embodiment e essentially corresponds to embodiment a, the notch 61 of embodiment e having a constant cross section viewed in the radial direction, while notch 61 of embodiment e tapers in cross section, as can be seen in FIGS. 20a and in particular 21a. The same applies to embodiment f. This is designed essentially analogously to embodiment b, but has a constant cross section in the radial direction. The embodiment g is elongated rectangular with rounded corners and constant in cross section. The embodiment h shows a notch 61 which is round in plan view and has a constant cross section, so that a cylinder-like notch 61 results.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in the various configurations. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS l projectile

3 projectile tail

5 projectile head

7 bevel

9 projectile rear wall

li wall on the projectile head side

13 tear-off groove

15 outer surface section

17 transition edge

19 Ogivoid segment

21 front side

23 central opening

25 cavity

27 projectile bottom

29 bevel section

31 flank on the projectile head

33 groove bottom

35 projectile rear flank

37 Wall outer contour

39 straight wall outer contour section

41 curved wall outer contour section

43 slotting

45 inner cavity surface

47 funnel section Cavity bottom

51 axial slot

53 Reason for slotting

55 Axial slot-free area

57; radius

61 notch

63 constriction

M projectile center axis

R radius

a axial length of an axial slot r radial depth

b axial height

Claims

Expectations

1. Projectile (1), in particular deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail (3), an adjoining bow-side projectile head (5) with a substantially central opening (23) which extends axially from the The projectile head (5) opens in the direction of the projectile rear (3), preferably in the projectile rear (3), extending cavity (25) which has a cavity base (49) and is delimited by a wall, and an at least partially introduced into the wall Cavity (25) circumferential tear-off groove (13) which is arranged at a distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity from the cavity base (49) and a radial depth of at least 10% of a caliber diameter and / or of at least 30% of a radial wall thickness the wall surrounding the cavity (25).

2. Projectile (1) according to claim 1, wherein at the transition between the projectile tail (3) and the projectile head (5) a preferably completely encircling bevel (7) is formed, on which a diameter of the projectile (1) viewed with respect to the projectile center axis (M) is ) continuously decreased.

3. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (25) extends by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extension of the projectile (1).

4. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (25) essentially widens continuously starting from the opening (23), in particular up to an axial position of the tear-off groove (13), preferably at which the cavity (25 ) continuously tapers, and / or wherein the cavity (25) essentially has a teardrop shape.

5. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-off groove (13) is formed substantially U- or V-shaped.

6. Projectile (1) according to claim 5, wherein the tear-off groove (13) connects a projectile head-side flank (31), a projectile rear-side flank (35) and a projectile head-side flank (31) and the projectile rear-side flank (35) Has the groove base (33), the projectile head-side and / or the projectile rear-side flank (35) being curved and / or the groove base (33) being formed by a radius and / or wherein a transition between the projectile head-side flank and / or the projectile rear side flank and the groove base (33) is formed by a radius.

7. Projectile (1) according to claim 5, wherein the tear-off groove (13) is a projectile head side

Has a flank (31), a flank (35) on the projectile rear side and a flank (31) on the projectile head side and the flank (35) on the projectile rear side, the groove base (33) on the projectile head side and / or the projectile rear side flank (35) extending in a straight line in the direction of the groove base and / or wherein the groove base (33) is formed by a base surface oriented essentially parallel to the projectile center axis (M) and / or wherein a transition between the flank on the projectile head side and / or the flank on the projectile rear side and the groove base (33) is formed by an edge .

8. Projectile (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an opening angle between the flank on the projectile head side and the flank on the projectile rear side, starting from the groove base (33), is in the range of 10 ° to 90 °.

9. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-off groove (13) is divided into at least two in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction with respect to the projectile center axis (M) at a distance from one another groove segments, in particular at least three separate groove segments in Circumferential direction are evenly distributed with respect to the projectile center axis (M) and / or two adjacent groove segments are connected to one another by a wall web.

10. Projectile (1), in particular deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail (3) and an adjoining bow-side substantially ogivoid projectile head (5) with a substantially central opening ( 23), which opens into a cavity (25) which extends axially from the projectile head (5) in the direction of the projectile tail (3), preferably into the projectile tail (3), along a projectile center axis (M) and is delimited by a wall, wherein the wall on the projectile head side has at least one flattened outer surface section (15) deviating from an ogivoid shape, the radial curvature of which with respect to the projectile center axis (M) is at least twice as great as a radial curvature with respect to the Projectile center axis (M) of an adjacent ogivoid section (19) and / or of the projectile stern (3).

11. Projectile (1) according to claim 10, wherein the at least one outer surface section (15) is produced by a cutting or forming manufacturing process, preferably by means of a pressing process.

12. Projectile (1) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the at least one outer surface section (15) has an axial length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of an axial length of the essentially ogivoid projectile head (5) having s and / or at least axialabschnittsweise with respect to the projectile center axis (M) by at least 45 ⁰ and preferably at most 120 ° extends in the circumferential direction.

13. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein at least 2, preferably at least 3 or at least 4, in particular identically shaped outer surface sections (15) are formed on the wall on the projectile head side, which are at least axially separated from an ogivoid section (19) and / or merge into one another in axial sections in such a way that an ogivoid transition edge is formed.

14. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein a tear-off groove (13) made in the wall at least partially surrounds the cavity (25).

15. Projectile (1) according to claim 14, wherein the at least one outer surface section (15) opens directly into the tear-off groove (13).

16. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the at least one outer surface section (15) merges into a wall outer contour (39) completely encircling the opening (23) in such a way that a distance between the wall outer contour (39) and the projectile center axis ( M) varies in the course of the outer wall contour (39).

17. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein the at least one outer surface section (15) is formed essentially flat.

18. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile head-side wall on the inside has at least one, preferably at least two, at least three or at least four, axial slot (s) (51) extending from the central opening (23) in the direction Projectile tail (3) extends, preferably by at least 20 %, preferably at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50%, of an axial length of the cavity.

19. Projectile (1) according to claim 18, wherein a number of the axial slots (51) is matched to a number of the outer surface sections (15) and / or wherein a circumferential position with respect to the projectile center axis (M) of the at least one axial slot (51) is at a circumferential position of the at least one outer surface section is coordinated in such a way that the at least one axial slot (51) is provided in the area of an ogivoid section (19).