DE102016015790B4 - Solid metal bullet, tool arrangement and method for manufacturing solid metal bullets - Google Patents

Abstract

Metallic solid bullet (1) for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the solid bullet (1) comprising a frontal ogive section (3) and a cylinder section (5) for holding the solid bullet (1) in a cartridge case and in the axial direction (A) defines a projectile length (1G), the ogive section (3) having an ogive wall (31) and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity (33) which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall (31), characterized in that a fully cylindrical trunk section (7) of the full projectile extends in the axial direction ( A) extends over less than 45% of the projectile length (1G), the full projectile (1) having an end opening (11) which opens into the ogive cavity (33) and having an inner opening diameter (dO) which is greater than 0 .5 mm, in particular larger than 1.0 mm, and smaller than 3 mm, in particular smaller than 1.5 mm, wherein an inner contour (32) surrounding the ogive cavity (33) is completely rounded in the axial direction (A), the inner contour (32) being manufactured without cutting.

Description

The invention relates to a solid metal projectile for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. The invention also relates to a tool arrangement for producing solid metal projectiles for practice cartridges. The invention also includes a method for producing solid metal projectiles for practice cartridges. For use on police shooting ranges, projectiles for practice cartridges must meet the requirements of the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm x 19, pollutant-reduced" (in particular: as of September 2009), with the proviso that for practice cartridges some of the technical guidelines mentioned Insert cartridges made demands, among other things, with regard to the final ballistic effect, do not need to be met.

A generic solid bullet for practice cartridges is known from EP 2 498 045 A1 . The generic full floor consists of a frontal, arcuate ogive and an adjoining cylindrical area. In the area of the arched ogive, the known full projectile is equipped with an ogive wall, which peripherally delimits an ogive cavity and is formed on the inside with predetermined breaking points in the form of notches and edges. These predetermined breaking points serve as predetermined zones for initiating or promoting material failure. They facilitate folding of the bulk bullet material to form tears in the skin of the ogive when the bullet strikes a target head on. Upon impact of the projectile according to EP 2 498 045 A1 it should deform like a mushroom ("mushrooming") on its target. When the bullet deforms, its kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy. The conversion of kinetic energy into deformation energy should take place as quickly as possible in practice cartridge projectiles in order to prevent the projectile from having sufficient kinetic energy to penetrate protective vests in particular, for example protective vests for the police. In the case of the known solid projectile for practice cartridges, it has been found to be disadvantageous that the cracking effect of the predetermined breaking points can lead to the projectile splintering when it hits the target or a hard surface, such as the wall of a shooting range.

The splintering of a practice round can result in dangerous ricochet splinters for practicing shooters.

The DE 102013014693 A1 relates to a bullet for shooting range and practice cartridges with a cylindrical rear part and a bow-side ogive area, the ogive area having a rear end and a bullet tip.

The U.S. 2003/0140772 A1 relates to a method for producing a lead-free hollow point bullet.

It is an object of the invention to provide a metallic solid bullet for practice cartridges that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular in compliance with the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm x 19, reduced pollutants", and in which the splintering of the solid bullet Avoiding impact with a hard surface.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

Accordingly, a metallic solid bullet for practice cartridges is provided in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the solid bullet comprising a frontal ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the solid bullet in a cartridge case and defining a bullet length in the axial direction. Solid bullets differ from semi-jacketed bullets and full-jacketed bullets in that a solid bullet is formed in one piece, in particular from a homogeneous material. The solid projectile is intended in particular for practice cartridges for use in handguns, ie revolvers, submachine guns and/or pistols. A metallic solid bullet can also be provided for practice cartridges for rifles. The solid projectile is preferably provided for practice cartridges up to a caliber of 20 mm, in particular up to a caliber of 12 mm. Cartridges usually consist of a projectile, a cartridge case, propellant powder and a primer. The projectile is the object fired from the weapon. With a cartridge caliber of 9 mm x 19 (Luger or Para caliber), the weight of a projectile can be between 3 g and 20 g, in particular between 5 g and 15 g, preferably between 5.5 g and 9 g, particularly preferably between 6.0 g and 6.3 g , e.g. 6.1g, which means that it cannot penetrate a protective vest when it is used. Due to their weight and shape, the projectiles used by the authorities in 9 mm caliber Luger cartridges achieve muzzle velocities of 340 mm/sec. or more. The material of the bullet is preferably lead-free and/or lead-alloy-free. The metal of the full floor preferably comprises copper. In particular, the metal of the full projectile consists of at least 95%, at least 99%, or at least 99.9% copper. This is particularly preferred their uncoated bullet made of pure copper (Cu-ETP), preferably with a specific weight of 8.93 g/cm ³ , in particular made of CU-ETP1 according to DIN EN1977 with at least 99.9% copper content and less than 100 ppm oxygen. According to less preferred embodiments, the metal material of the bullet may be brass (i.e. a mixture of copper and zinc such as tombac). The specific weight of copper is 8.9g/ccm. The specific gravity of zinc is 7.2 g/ccm. The specific gravity of brass is at least 8.3 g/cc, while the specific gravity of tombac is around 8.6 g/cc.

The cylinder section of the full projectile preferably directly adjoins the in particular arcuate ogive section. The ogive section arranged at the front in the direction of flight of the full projectile can be referred to as the end face. The cylinder section of the full projectile that is at the rear in the flight direction of the projectile can be referred to as the base end or the rear end. The ogive section is arranged in front of the cylinder section of the full projectile in the axial direction. The cylinder section preferably has a circular outer contour in cross section. The shape of the cylinder section preferably corresponds to a vertical or right circular cylinder. A phasing section may be located at the rear end of the barrel section to facilitate insertion of the bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and/or to provide a particularly aerodynamic rear end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail"). The metallic full projectile preferably consists of the end-side ogive section and the rear-side cylinder section.

In the strict geometric sense, an ogive is a form in three-dimensional space that is created by the rotational body of the intersection of two circular arcs. Based on the geometric term, profiles of tips of ballistic projectiles with a similar shape in longitudinal section are described, which should have the lowest possible air resistance during their movement. In this respect, an ogive can be understood to mean a streamlined body of revolution, which can be pointed or rounded (flattened) at the end.

The ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall. The ogive cavity of the hollow bullet of the present invention allows the bullet to undergo crushing deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance. When the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy. When the projectile is crushed, the projectile tip is preferably deformed relative to the cylinder section essentially only in the axial direction. In particular, when the projectile hits a flat object perpendicularly, there is preferably no deformation of the projectile tip in the radial direction beyond the diameter of the undeformed cylinder section. The ogive cavity is preferably empty, i.e. filled only with ambient air. An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has exclusively rounded edges. An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.

Preferably the bullet is harder at or near its nose than at the rear. The tip can, for example, have a hardness of between 110 HV0.5 to 200 HV0.5, in particular 120 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, preferably 130 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5. The cylinder section can have a lower hardness, for example have a hardness between 50 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, in particular 75 HV0.5 to 155 HV0.5, preferably 85 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a fully cylindrical, in particular solid, trunk section of the full projectile extends in the axial direction over less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5% , or more than 0%, preferably between 40% and 0%, in particular between 20% and 10% or 0%, of the projectile length. Across from EP 2 498 045 A1 known full projectile, in which an ogive cavity in the area of the frontal, arcuate ogive is only in the tip area of the projectile, so that a long, solid trunk section is formed behind the ogive cavity, it has surprisingly proved to be advantageous to design a solid projectile for practice cartridges with a significantly shortened one Forming a trunk section or completely dispensing with a trunk section: Surprisingly, the stability of the projectile has not been reduced to such an extent that there is a risk of a splinter-like projectile disassembling. The self-loading function of conventional semi-automatic handguns is also not affected. With the reduction in the axial height of a fully cylindrical trunk section according to the invention, its tendency to upset is significantly increased, so that when the projectile impacts, its kinetic energy can be converted extremely quickly and effectively into deformation energy. The safety of the practicing shooter and other per sons on the shooting range is significantly improved.

According to a second aspect of the invention, which can be combined with the above, the invention relates to a metallic solid bullet for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the solid bullet comprising a frontal ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the solid bullet in a cartridge case. The ogive section and/or the cylinder section can be designed as described above. In contrast to hunting bullets, for example, where mushrooming should be accompanied by a crown-shaped expansion of the bullet, it can be desirable in the case of practice cartridges that, in order to avoid a tendency to splinter, there should be a substantially symmetrical compression or folding radially inward without crown-shaped expansion. A rotationally symmetrical compression or folding without spreading the full projectile is ensured by the rotational symmetry of the ogive cavity, in particular free of steps and/or changes in the wall thickness of the ogive wall in the circumferential direction. The ogive cavity may preferably be bell-shaped in cross-section.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the ogive cavity has a floor. The bottom of the ogive cavity is preferably located aft or remote from the front of the projectile. According to the second aspect of the invention, a shaft extends from the bottom of the ogive cavity into the cylinder section. The well extending into the barrel portion may include a microchannel and/or a deformation cavity. The deformation cavity of the shaft can be shaped at least in sections cylindrically and/or at least in sections conically with an end taper. The deformation cavity is preferably heart-shaped or ideally cone-shaped.

Since, according to the second aspect of the invention, a solid bullet is equipped with an interior space which, in addition to the ogive cavity, has another axially rearwardly extending deformation cavity, a radial impact deformation of the training cartridge solid bullet is prevented over a large part of the length of the bullet or even the entire length of the projectile favored. The shaft extending from the bottom of the ogive cavity into the cylinder section can also be referred to as a gap or maw. A gorge-like shaft can be realized, for example, by a parabolic-funnel-shaped narrowing starting from the ogive cavity, which provides a particularly capillary-like microchannel. A capillary-like microchannel preferably has a microscopic opening width. Along a capillary-like microchannel or capillary section, the shaft is narrowed or constricted at least in sections in such a way that the inner wall of the shaft is formed into a line-like narrowing. A fusion of the metal material of the full projectile transversely to its axial direction, in particular with the elimination of the metal grain boundaries, preferably does not take place along the capillary section.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ogive wall has an ogive wall thickness and the solid projectile forms at least partially an annular deformation sleeve wall in the cylinder section in the axial direction, which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve is greater than the wall thickness of the ogive. The ogive wall preferably extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 55% and/or over at most 75%, preferably at most 60% of the projectile length. The axial extent of the deformation sleeve wall preferably spans between the bottom of the ogive cavity and, if present, the trunk section of the full floor or the lowest end or foot or rear of the full floor. The inside of the deformation sleeve wall peripherally delimits a preferably rotationally symmetrical deformation cavity and/or microchannel. The inside of the ring-shaped deformation sleeve wall can have a diagonal clear width, preferably span a clear diameter width, which changes in particular in the axial direction. In a microchannel, the clear width can extend diagonally between the opposing deformation sleeve inner sides over 10 μm and 1 μm, for example between 10 μm and 500 μm or approximately over 100 μm. A microchannel can also have a capillary section with an average clear width of less than 10 μm or 1 μm. The rear or base end of the shaft is preferably shaped like a dome or blind hole at the flat butt end.

In the ogive cavity, the clear width can be up to several millimeters. For example, in the case of a solid projectile according to the invention with a caliber of 9 mm Luger, an ogive cavity can have a clear width of up to 8 mm, preferably up to 7.5 mm, in particular approximately 7.46 mm.

In particular, the average deformation sleeve thickness (determined in the radial direction over the height of the deformation sleeve section in the axial direction) must be greater than the average ogive wall thickness (determined in the radial direction over the axial height of the ogive section). Preferably the smallest Deformation sleeve wall thickness greater than the largest ogive wall thickness. Preferably, the particular greatest or mean ogive wall thickness is less than half the greatest outer radius of the full projectile, in particular greater than half the full projectile caliber. Alternatively or additionally, the wall thickness of the deformation sleeve is less than or equal to the radius of the bullet, in particular less than or equal to half the caliber of the bullet. In particular, the ogive wall thickness can be less than 1/4 of the largest radius of the full floor, less than 1/8 or less than 1/10 of half the radius of the full floor. In particular, the ogive wall thickness is less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm or less than 0.8 mm. In particular, the ogive wall thickness is greater than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.3 mm, greater than 0.5 mm or greater than 1 mm. Preferably, the mean ogive wall thickness is between 1.0mm and 1.5mm thick.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full projectile is blunt at the front. A solid projectile with a blunt end can have a flattened projectile end, for example. Preferably, the opening angle of the blunt full projectile at its frontmost point, which can be referred to as the tip, can be greater than 150°. The opening angle of the blunt full projectile at its tip is preferably between 150° and 180°, in particular approximately 180°. One millimeter axially removed from the tip of a blunt solid bullet, an opening angle tangent (to the outside of the bullet) can be greater than 120° and in particular between 120° and 140°, for example around 130°. At a distance of 2 mm in the axial direction from the blunt tip of a solid bullet, an opening angle tangent (to a second point on the outside of the bullet) can be greater than 90°, for example between 90° and 110°, in particular around 100°.

In the case of the invention, the full projectile has an end opening which opens into the ogive cavity. A smallest or inner diameter of the opening is larger than the mean or smallest ogive wall thickness and/or is larger than the opening width of a microchannel and/or larger than 1 mm, 2 mm or even 3 mm. The opening width is preferably less than 7 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 4 mm. Solid projectiles with a front opening width of about 1.3 mm +/- 0.15 mm are particularly preferred. Surprisingly, with such a dimension, particularly good aerodynamics and advantageous mushrooming behavior have resulted, particularly for solid copper projectiles.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid cylindrical stem portion extends axially less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, or less than 1 mm. As an alternative or in addition, a cap can be recessed at the rear end of the full storey, which cap can be dome-shaped, cone-shaped or truncated, for example. The cap is preferably provided coaxially and/or concentrically to the axis of symmetry or axis of rotation A of the full projectile. If a calotte is present, the solid trunk height extends between its projectile frontal apex and the rear end of the shaft, which forms the microchannel and/or deformation cavity. The cap is preferably frustoconical or conical with an included angle between 100° and 140°, preferably about 100°, and/or a cap depth in the axial direction of at least 0.5 mm or at least 1 mm and at most 2.5 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, in particular about 1.5 mm. In particular, the cap is rotationally symmetrical. At the rear end of the cylinder section, a phase, preferably a truncated cone-shaped phase, with an opening angle between 30° and 90°, in particular about 60°, and a phase height of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, in particular about 0.5 mm be trained. The cap volume is less than 15 mm ³ , preferably less than 10 mm ³ , in particular approximately 9.8 mm ³ .

According to the invention, an inner contour surrounding the ogive cavity, which is defined in particular by the ogive wall, is completely rounded in the axial direction, preferably without steps and/or has exclusively rounded edges. The inner contour of the ogive cavity runs in the axial direction completely step-free and/or completely rounded without any jumps, so that preferably no pronounced notch effect occurs.

According to a preferred embodiment, the solid bullet corresponds to the caliber 9 mm Luger. With a bullet outer diameter of 9.02 mm for a solid bullet formed as a 9 mm Luger caliber, the cavity volume of the ogive cavity and, if applicable, the front opening and/or a deformation cavity and/or a microchannel can be between 150 mm ³ and 200 mm ³ , preferably between 185 mm ³ and 192 mm ³ , in particular about 189 mm ³ . The mass of a solid projectile according to the invention with a caliber of 9 mm Luger can be around 6.1 g.

In a preferred embodiment of a solid bullet according to the invention, this corresponds to one of caliber .357 Mag., and may have an outer diameter of more than 9.12 mm. In a full projectile according to the invention with caliber .357 Mag., the cavity volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the cavity of the end opening and/or the deformation cavity and/or a microchannel can be between 150 mm ³ and 220 mm ³ , in particular around 196 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment, the solid bullet according to the invention corresponds to the caliber .40 S&W. A .40 S&W caliber solid bullet according to the invention may have an outside diameter of 10.17 mm. In a .40 S&W caliber solid bullet according to the invention, the cavity volume can be between 250 mm ³ and 290 mm ³ , preferably between 260 mm ³ and 280 mm ³ , in particular between 270 mm ³ and 273 mm ³ , for example around 271.5 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bullet corresponds to the caliber .44 Rem. Mag. A .44 Rem. Mag. may have an outside diameter of 10.97 mm. With a full projectile according to the invention of caliber .44 Rem. Mag., the cavity volume of the ogive cavity and possibly the cavity of the front projectile opening and/or the deformation cavity and/or the microchannel can be between 320 mm ³ and 360 mm ³ and in particular between 330 mm ³ and 350 mm ³ , preferably between 339 mm ³ and 343 mm ³ , more preferably between 340 mm ³ and 341 mm ³ , in particular about 340.5 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bullet is .45 ACP caliber. In the case of a .45 ACP caliber bullet according to the invention, the bullet outer diameter can be 11.48 mm. In a .45 ACP caliber full bullet according to the invention, a cavity volume of the ogive cavity and optionally an opening volume of a front bullet opening and/or a deformation cavity and/or a microchannel can be between 370 mm ³ and 410 mm ³ , preferably between 380 mm ³ and 400 mm ³ , in particular between 388 and 393 mm ³ , in particular between 389 mm ³ and 391 mm ³ , preferably about 390.5 mm ³ .

In the case of the metallic solid projectile according to the invention for practice cartridges, the ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is delimited circumferentially, particularly in the radial direction, and preferably completely circumferentially by the ogive wall.

The invention also relates to a tool arrangement, in particular a press arrangement, for the production of solid metal projectiles for practice cartridges, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity, in particular for preferably police practice shooting ranges. The tool arrangement according to the invention is designed in particular for producing a solid metallic projectile as described above. A tool arrangement according to the invention comprises a preforming press or a preforming station with a hollow-cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, bullet blank receptacle or preforming die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a base side, in particular a rear ram, a preforming ram, having a front face in the axial direction, preferably at least partially conical, in particular in the shape of a truncated cone, tapering, in particular rotationally symmetrical, preform section. The preforming die also has, in particular, a guide section which is complementary in shape to the bullet blank receptacle in the radial direction and in particular adjoins the preform section in the axial direction.

According to the invention, the preform section is movable relative to the base side for forming a bullet blank up to a preform end position in which the preform punch, the base side and the bullet blank receiver define a preform cavity for the preformed bullet blank (first stage). The preform press can include a drive for pressing the preform section into a bullet blank arranged in the bullet blank receiver. The bottom side of the preforming station is preferably realized by a rear ram which is movable in the axial direction relative to the preforming ram and/or to the bullet blank receptacle.

According to the invention, in the final preforming position, an axial distance between the bottom side of the preforming press bullet blank receptacle (the bottom side of the die of the preforming station) and the front surface of the preforming punch is less than 45%, in particular less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5%, a maximum height of the cavity in the axial direction. If the preform portion of the preform punch is frusto-conical, the greatest height of the cavity may extend between the base of the frusto-conical shape of the preform punch and a most remote part of the bottom side of the preform press bullet blank receiver, preferably the front top of the rear punch.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the tool arrangement also includes an inner contour molding press. The inner contour molding press or inner contour station has a hollow-cylindrical, esp special ideally cylindrical, bullet blank receptacle or inner contour shape outer die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a (inner contour) bottom side, in particular a rear ram. The inner contour molding press can comprise the same bullet blank receiver and/or the same base side, preferably the same rear ram, as the preforming press. Compared to the preforming press, the inner contour forming press can have a different bullet blank receiver and/or a different base side, preferably a different rear ram. The inner-contour molding press includes an inner-contour molding die having an inner-contour molding section extending in the axial direction to a front surface of the inner-contour molding die. The inner contour molding section is movable relative to the bottom side of the inner contour molding press for molding the bullet blank up to an inner contour molding final position in which the inner contour molding punch, the bottom side and the bullet blank receiver form an inner contour molding cavity for the internal contour molded bullet blank ( second stage) define. The bottom side of the inner contour forming station is preferably realized by a rear ram which is movable in the axial direction relative to the inner contour forming ram and/or to the bullet blank receptacle.

The inner contour forming die can have an inner contour forming die guide section, which in the radial direction is designed to be complementary in shape to the bullet blank receptacle of the inner contour press, and which in particular adjoins the inner contour forming section in the axial direction. The inner contour molding press can have a drive for pressing the inner contour molding section into a bullet blank arranged in the bullet blank receptacle. The drive of the inner contour molding press can be the same or a different drive than that of the preforming press.

According to the preferred embodiment of the tool arrangement according to the invention, an axial distance between the base and the front surface of the inner contour press is greater than the axial section between the base of the preforming press and the front surface of the preforming punch in the preform end position, particularly in the inner contour forming end position. The use of different preforming press tools and inner contour pressing tools makes it possible to reshape a bullet blank in a preforming step without cutting, in particular by cold forming, at least in sections or completely in the form of a sleeve by punching in or through, and to introduce a predefined inner contour into the bullet blank in an inner contour forming step. By using different tools, the desired inner contours can be produced particularly precisely, in particular with the introduction of the desired prestress.

According to a preferred further development of a press arrangement according to the invention, the front surface of the inner contour forming die can be formed as a blunt conical tip, in particular with rounded front edges. A blunt cone tip can have an opening angle between 140° and 180°, for example between 150° and 170°, in particular approximately 160°. When an inner contour forming punch is provided with a blunt cone tip and sleeve forming section with a substantially cylindrical outer contour (or a rounded leading edge), it may be referred to as a round punch. The rounded front edge can have a radius of curvature of at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 1.5 mm or at least 2 mm and/or at most 10 mm, at most 5 mm, at most 3 mm or at most 2.5 mm. An ogive radius of curvature near the tip is preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular about 3.1 mm. Near the cylinder section, an ogive radius of curvature is between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 30 mm, in particular about 23.5 mm.

According to a preferred development of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour shaped section can be formed in sections, preferably completely, in the axial direction as a sleeve shaped section with an essentially cylindrical or frustoconical outer contour. A substantially cylindrical outer contour can have a draft angle of less than 1°, in particular less than 0.5°. For example, a substantially cylindrical sleeve mold section can have a cylinder radius difference of about 0.03 mm with a cylinder length of about 6 mm. The inner contour forming section can, in particular adjacent to a possibly provided guide section of the inner contour forming stamp, for example as described above, have a truncated cone-shaped transition section which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour forming section to the guide section, the transition section preferably having an included angle between 60 and 120°, in particular 90°.

In a preferred development of the tool arrangement according to the invention, which can be combined with the previous one(s), the taper of the preform section of the preform stamp is more pointed than the preferably tapering outer contour (or essentially cylindrical outer contour) of the inner contour mold section, in particular the sleeve mold section of the inner con ture form stamp. It is clear that a sharper contour has a smaller opening angle than a more obtuse outer contour. According to this preferred development of the tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour forming punch is shorter and more blunt in relation to the preforming punch. Preferably, the preforming punch is frustoconical, in particular with a flat front surface and rounded front surface edge, and is longer in the axial direction than the length of the inner contour forming punch. The inner contour forming stamp can preferably be designed essentially in the form of a solid cylinder with a blunt front surface and a rounded front edge. The inner contour stamp is preferably rotationally symmetrical. The shaping stamp allows extensive or complete piercing of the projectile blank in the axial direction. The inner contour forming stamp allows part of the material of the full bullet blank to be compressed, forming a shoulder and the section-by-section forming of a sleeve section with a relatively large-volume inner cavity, which can be formed into an ogive cavity with one or more additional tool(s) of the tool arrangement is.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the tool arrangement also comprises a setting press or setting station, which has a hollow-cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, metal blank holder or setting die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a bottom side, which is preferably realized by a rear punch is. Die or metal blank holder and bottom side (setting rear punch) of the setting press can in turn differ from the bullet blank holder and/or the bottom side of the preform press and/or the inner contour forming press (preform and/or inner contour rear punch) or be the same(s) be. When the tool arrangement is designed with setting presses, it also has a setting punch which can be moved relative to the bottom side of the setting press for forming a metal blank up to a setting end position in which the setting punch and the projectile blank receptacle form a setting cavity with a predetermined clearance Width to define a constant outside diameter, in particular the caliber diameter, form the metal blank. The bottom side of the setting station is preferably realized by a rear ram which can be moved in the axial direction relative to the setting ram and/or the die.

The setting die preferably comprises a centering nub that is coaxial with the metal blank holder and/or the bottom side and protrudes in the axial direction into the cavity for introducing a central, coaxial centering cutout in the metal blank. Alternatively or additionally, the bottom side of the setting press has a spherical cap shape, which is coaxial in particular relative to the metal blank holder and/or the setting punch and protrudes into the cavity in the axial direction A, for introducing a spherical cap into the blank, which is preferably conical, truncated or dome-shaped.

Additionally or alternatively, the bottom side of the blank holder of the setting press can have a circumferential wedge shape radially on the outside to form a bullet tail phase or bullet tail phase for inserting the bullet into the neck of a cartridge case and/or to form a so-called “boat tail”.

According to a preferred embodiment, which can be combined with the previous ones, a tool arrangement according to the invention also comprises an ogive molding press or ogive molding station, which has a hollow-cylindrical bullet blank receptacle or ogive matrix, which is defined in the axial direction by a concave, ogive-shaped bottom side, preferably a point punch, in particular with a blunt front end, and which has a base or tail punch for holding and/or centering the base end (the tail) of the inner contour-shaped bullet blank, which is relative to the base side for forming the solid bullet up to an ogive shape end position is movable, in which the bullet foot stamp, the bullet blank receptacle and the bottom side define a cavity that defines a bullet negative with an ogive section and a cylinder section that is preferably immediately adjacent thereto.

The invention also relates to a method for producing solid metal projectiles for practice cartridges, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. In the method, a metal blank formed in particular from metal wire that has been cut to length is provided, preferably with a cylindrical outer surface. The metal blank can be provided, for example, by separating (fabricating) a metal blank from a metal wire of a predetermined length, a predetermined mass and/or a predetermined nominal diameter, in particular a predetermined caliber diameter. To prepare the metal blank, it can be cut to length from a metal wire by cutting, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting.

Alternatively or additionally, a setting tool, such as a setting press or setting station, can be used to provide the metal blank. When deploying a metal blank under Using a setting tool, for example, a metal blank with a predetermined mass, for example a mass precisely measured to 1/10 g, 1/100 g or 1/1000 g, can be provided, which in a setting step following this assembly step with a setting tool, preferably a Setting press, in particular as described above, is brought to a predetermined nominal diameter. The metal blank provided is provided in particular with a fully cylindrical shape. If the metal blank is provided using a setting tool, a centering recess, for example in the shape of a truncated cone, can be introduced into the front side of the metal blank as part of the setting step. In performing a seating step, the base end of the metal blank, which in the course of the manufacturing process is formed into a base projectile part to be inserted into the neck of a training cartridge case, can be formed. When preparing the metal blank, a cap and/or an external phase or boat-tail shape can be formed, for example, on the rear side of the metal blank, particularly in the setting step.

According to the invention, the metal blank is formed in a preforming step into a bullet blank (first stage) with a sleeve-shaped section which, at the end of the preforming step, extends over more than half the size of the axial blank height, with the sleeve-shaped section in particular having a preferably continuously tapering inner contour is formed. The inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section of the first-stage bullet blank can preferably be shaped in the shape of a truncated cone and/or rotationally symmetrical. It is clear that the taper tapers towards the base end of the bullet blank. Preferably, the thickness of the case wall increases steadily in the axial direction of the first stage bullet blank. In the preforming step, the metal blank is preferably formed into a bullet blank with a substantially cylindrical outside of constant diameter, forming a sleeve-shaped section on the inside with a preferably conically tapering inner contour.

The preforming step may leave a solid cylindrical stem portion aft of the bullet blank that extends axially less than half, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the maximum axial blank bullet height . For example, when the bullet blank is deformed as described above, the maximum axial bullet blank height extends between the top ferrule and the bottom ferrule of the bullet blank. Preferably, a solid cylindrical stem portion of the bullet blank remains after the preforming step. Alternatively, in the preforming step, the first-stage bullet blank can have been formed completely in the form of a sleeve in such a way that the bullet blank (first stage), in particular with the formation of an axial passage, has been completely penetrated in the axial direction. A fully penetrated bullet blank is (not just in sections but) completely cased. If a cap or the like is or was formed at the foot or rear, it is clear that this cap has a different inner contour than the preferably continuously tapering inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section formed in the preforming step. In the fully penetrating alternative embodiment, the first stage bullet blank is formed with no remaining solid cylindrical stem portion, or with a remaining solid cylindrical stem portion of zero height. In particular, the nominal diameter of the outside of the metal blank in the first stage bullet blank produced by the preforming step is preferably retained unchanged during the preforming step.

In a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention, the (preformed) bullet blank (first stage) is formed into an (inner contour formed) bullet blank (second stage) after the preforming step in an inner contour forming step, in such a way that a front or front sleeve section of the bullet blank has a radially outer case wall of essentially constant wall thickness and/or cylindrical inner contour, and that a rear or base-side case section of the bullet blank is formed with a shoulder that protrudes radially inward from the case wall, and that a shoulder extends from the shoulder, in particular at its radially inner edge outgoing shaft is formed, which extends into the rear case section of the projectile blank, which shaft in particular forms a microchannel and/or a deformation cavity, the deformation cavity being formed at least in sections cylindrically and/or at least in sections conically with a frontal taper.

The inner contour forming step can preferably take place with a particularly tapering and/or rotationally symmetrical inner contour forming punch, such as a round punch, preferably in a bullet blank receptacle or die. Preferably, the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface of the bullet blank is maintained during the internal contour forming step.

At the conclusion of the internal contour forming step, a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder of the second stage bullet blank and a lowermost end of the internal contour formed bullet blank, which may also be referred to as a tail or foot, is preferably greater than the axial height of the solid cylindrical, if any, present at the conclusion of the preforming step stem section of the bullet blank. The opposing shoulder surfaces are preferably in contact with one another at the front end of a microchannel. The second stage bullet blank can be formed in the inner contour forming step to form a capillary-like microchannel with an internal width of less than 10 μm or 1 μm. During the inner contour forming step, an hourglass-shaped constriction is preferably formed between the front sleeve section and the deformation cavity of the bullet blank, which may be present on the rear side. During the inner contour forming step, the duct extending aft of the shoulder may be deformed to form a cavity which is at least partially dissolved during the inner contour forming step, particularly forming a microchannel by closing the inner surface of the duct, preferably up to a sectional or surface contact, is guided to each other.

According to a preferred development of the invention, in the inner contour shaping step, the bullet blank (second stage) is shaped in such a way that the deformation cavity forms a waist-shaped constriction on the front side. When the waist-shaped constriction is formed, a microchannel is formed in particular between the deformation cavity and the shoulder, in which the inner wall surface of the sleeve section is brought together over a large area, in particular touching.

Alternatively or additionally, according to a preferred development of the invention, a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder and the base of the bullet blank (second stage) can become greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical trunk section of the bullet blank (first stage) that may be present at the end of the preforming step.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises an ogive forming step. In an ogive shaping step, which can take place after the pre-shaping step and in particular after the inner contour shaping step, the bullet blank, in particular the bullet blank of the second stage, is shaped in such a way that the front case wall forms an at least partially ogive-shaped outer surface. In particular, an end opening can be maintained, which preferably opens into an ogive cavity defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall. Preferably, the ogive cavity may be frontally defined by the shoulder. The ogive molding step can be carried out, for example, by pressing the first or second stage bullet blank into an ogive molding tool with an ogive-shaped inner contour using a rear punch, which holds the bullet blank at the rear, so that the case wall on the front side, which passes through the pre-forming step and, if necessary, the inner contour forming step is defined, is compressed radially inward. The ogive forming step preferably forms an ogive cavity surrounded by the case wall of the full projectile. In the ogive forming step, the bullet blank (first or second stage) is preferably formed into a full bullet, in particular as described above. The ogive cavity formed in the ogive molding step is preferably formed completely without edges and/or with rounded edges and/or a rounded inner contour in the axial direction. For example, the ogive cavity may be formed substantially bell-shaped in the ogive forming step.

According to the method according to the invention, which can be combined with the embodiments or developments of the method as described above, at least the inner contour forming step, the preforming step and/or the ogive forming step and, if necessary, the cutting to length step and/or any setting step to be carried out take place without cutting, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing. A non-cutting inner contour forming step can be carried out, for example, using a preferably tapering, in particular rotationally symmetrical inner contour forming punch, such as a round punch, in a bullet blank receptacle or die.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention for producing a solid metal projectile for practice cartridges also comprises one or more intermediate and/or post-treatment steps, such as coating steps. In one or more coating steps, a coating is applied at least in sections, in particular completely, to the outer and/or inner surface. A coating is preferably applied at a coating thickness of less than 500 µm, less than 100 µm, less than 10 µm, or less than 3 µm or 1 µm thickness. A coating step can include, for example, a galvanic coating of the full projectile.

The method according to the invention for producing a solid metal projectile for practice cartridges can be used in particular for this purpose be det to produce a metallic solid projectile according to the invention according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention. The method according to the invention for producing a metallic solid projectile for practice cartridges can preferably be carried out using a tool arrangement according to the invention for producing metallic solid projectiles for practice cartridges. It is clear that a metallic solid bullet according to the invention (in particular according to the first and/or second aspect of the invention) can be manufactured according to one or more steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention. The invention also relates to a projectile which has been manufactured using a method according to the invention for manufacturing a metallic solid projectile for training cartridges as described above. A solid metal projectile according to the invention can preferably be manufactured with a tool arrangement according to the invention.

The tool arrangement according to the invention is preferably designed to produce a full projectile according to the invention according to the first and/or second aspect of the invention. In particular, the tool arrangement according to the invention can be designed to carry out a manufacturing method according to the invention.

The invention also relates to a cartridge with one, in particular precisely one, solid projectile according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to a handgun, preferably a handgun, such as a pistol or a revolver, or a submachine gun, which comprises at least five practice cartridges with a metallic solid bullet according to the invention. The handgun or the solid projectile is preferably designed for cartridges with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular at most 12 mm. In particular, the cartridge or handgun for the caliber 9 mm Luger, .357 Mag., .40S&W, .44 Rem. Mag. or .45 ACP.

• 1a eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Vollgeschoss gemäß einer ersten Ausführung;
• 1b eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Schnittlinie I.-I. eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses gemäß 1a;
• 2 eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 3 eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 4 eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 5 eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 6 eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 7 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines benutzten erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 8 eine Setzpresse einer Werkzeug-Anordnung;
• 9a eine Vorform-Presse einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeug-Anordnung;
• 9b ein vorgeformter Geschossrohling;
• 9c ein anderer vorgeformter Geschossrohling;
• 10a eine Innenkontur-Formpresse;
• 10b ein innenkonturgeformter Geschossrohling; und
• 11 eine Ogiven-Formpresse.

Further properties, advantages and features of the invention are explained by the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

• 1a a top view of a full floor according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• 1b a sectional view along the line I.-I. a full floor according to the invention 1a ;
• 2 a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;
• 3 a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;
• 4 a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;
• 5 a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;
• 6 a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;
• 7 a schematic sectional view of a used full projectile according to the invention;
• 8th a setting press of a tool assembly;
• 9a a preform press of a tool arrangement according to the invention;
• 9b a preformed bullet blank;
• 9c another preformed bullet blank;
• 10a an inner contour molding press;
• 10b an internally contoured bullet blank; and
• 11 an ogive molding press.

1a shows a plan view of a full floor 1 and 1b a sectional view along section line I.-I 1b is clearly visible, the full floor 1 is made in one piece from a homogeneous material. The material of the full floor 1 is preferably copper. The surface of the projectile 1 can be provided with a thin coating. In the ogive section 3 the projectile 1 has an ogive-like curved, rotationally symmetrical outer contour 34 which is pierced by a circular opening 11 on the end face 13 of the projectile 1 . At the tip or forehead 13 of the projectile 1, the opening 11 with the opening diameter d 0 is provided concentrically and preferably rotationally symmetrically to the axis of rotation A of the projectile ₁ . Starting from the projectile tip 13, the ogive wall 31 with an ogive-shaped outer contour 34 extends in a dome-like manner. Near the tip 3, the bullet 1 has a radius of curvature of about 3.1 mm. The radius of curvature of the outer contour 34 is approximately 23.5 mm near the cylinder section.

The opening angle of the outer contour 34 with respect to the axis of rotation A is initially (near the tip of the bullet 13) obtuse, so that in particular as a result of the front opening 11, a blunt projectile tip 13 with an opening angle of 150° to 180°, preferably about 180°, is formed. Starting from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1, the opening angle of the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 preferably increases continuously.

In which 1 In the full projectile 1 shown, the opening angle is between 120° and 140°, in particular at approximately 130°, relative to a tangent of the outer contour 34 at an axial distance of approximately 1 mm from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1.

At a distance of approximately 2 mm in the axial direction A from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1, the tangential opening angle is between 110° and 90°, in particular approximately 100°. At the in 1 In the full projectile 1 shown, the ogive-shaped outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 runs in such a way that after about 8 mm to 11 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 10 mm, in particular at about 9.6 mm, the tangent oriented in the axial direction A on the outer contour 34 essentially parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1. From this point, the outer contour 34 extends in the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1. In the cylinder section 5, the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 runs essentially ideally cylindrical. In the cylinder section 5 the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 is arranged essentially continuously parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1 . The cylinder section 5 defines the largest diameter Dz, which can be referred to as the bullet diameter or caliber diameter. The outside diameter D _Z of a bullet for a 9 mm Luger practice cartridge may measure 9.02 mm. The barrel portion 5 of the projectile 1 is intended to be inserted at least partially in the axial direction A into the neck (not shown) of a cartridge case (not shown).

The cylinder section extends in the axial direction of the projectile 1 over 5 mm to 10 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, in particular between 7 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 7.2 mm and 7.8 mm, particularly preferably it is approx 7.5mm

At the end 71 of the projectile 1 remote from the tip or end face 13, the projectile 1 has a flat foot section or foot extending transversely, in particular at right angles to the axis of rotation A. In the foot 71 of the projectile 1, a dome 73 can be introduced, which is preferably coaxial with the axis of rotation A and concentric. The cap 73 is preferably conical and tapers at the front. A spherical cap 73 tapering at the end can alternatively be dome-shaped or frustoconical, for example. The spherical cap 73 preferably has a depth of 1.5 mm in the axial direction A.

The rear edge 75 between the flat rear 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the area of the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is preferably realized by a phase-like cone section 75 . The cone section 75 can extend, for example, 1 mm in the axial direction A and have an opening angle of preferably approximately 60°. A cone section 75 can also be formed as a longer and/or more pointed so-called “boat-tail” section.

The projectile 1 has a bell-shaped, rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity 33 which is completely surrounded in the radial direction R by the ogive wall 31 . At the end, the ogive cavity 33 opens into the opening 11 of the projectile 1. The narrowest clear width of the opening 11 defines an opening diameter do which is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm. The inner wall 15 of the opening 11 surrounds the opening 11 in a ring. The inner wall 15 preferably forms an annular edge that is radially and/or axially step-free in the circumferential direction. In particular, the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 can transition into the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 without edges and/or completely rounded. As in FIG 1a The top view of the projectile 1 shown clearly shows that the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 is uninterrupted in the circumferential direction. The inner wall 15 is preferably free of axially extending notches and/or steps. The tip 13 of the projectile 1 is preferably formed by an essentially smooth annular transition from the inner wall 15 to the outer contour 34 .

In the axial direction A, the opening 11 opens into the ogive cavity 33. The transition from the opening 11 to the ogive cavity 33 can preferably be completely rounded. In the illustrated embodiment of a projectile according to 1b is formed between the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11, a blunt annular edge with an obtuse included angle greater than 135 °.

The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31, which defines the shape of the ogive cavity 33 circumferentially, is continuously rounded in the axial direction A. The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 is preferably completely rotationally symmetrical and in particular continuously rounded in the circumferential direction. In the circumferential direction, the inner contour 32 surrounding the ogive cavity 33 has no steps, cracks, edges or projections. The ogive wall 31 is circumferentially in front preferably completely free of axial grooves, projections, notches or the like.

The bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 is formed by shoulders 35 which project radially inward from the ogive wall 31 . The curves of the inner contour 32 preferably merge smoothly and/or without edges, preferably completely rounded, into the base 35 . The curves of the inner contour 32 along the ogive wall 31 are preferably formed with radii of curvature that are at least 0.5 mm up to 5 mm in size. The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 preferably has radii of curvature which are at least 0.5, at least 0.75 or at least 1 mm in size.

The wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 in the radial direction R is preferably between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. In particular, the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The smallest wall thickness in the radial direction of the ogive wall 31 is preferably more than 0.5 mm, preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. The wall thickness can be greater than 1 mm across the wall.

A full projectile 1 according to the invention can have a cavity which comprises the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11 which extends in the axial direction A completely at least over the ogive section 3 .

The inwardly protruding shoulder 35, which defines the bottom of the ogive cavity 33 and which preferably completely delimits the ogive cavity 33 in particular in the axial direction A on the foot side, can have an opening or mouth 37 in the middle. The height of the ogive section 3 in the axial direction A has the reference symbol ₁₀ . The mouth 37 is preferably concentric with the axial direction A and/or coaxial. Starting from the muzzle 37, a shaft 55 extends in the axial direction A on the foot side of the ogive cavity 33 into the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1. The shaft 55 begins at the foot of the ogive cavity 33. The shaft 55 can have a gorge-like opening or mouth 37 in the ogive cavity 33 open. the inside 1b The shaft 55 shown has a microchannel 57 and a deformation cavity 53 . In the area of the microchannel 57, the diagonally opposite shaft inner edge sections meet. A capillary section can be formed in the area of the microchannel 57, in which a channel extends in the axial direction A, starting from the ogive cavity 33 on the rear side of the projectile, which channel has a clear width of less than 10 μm or less than 1 μm. The microchannel 57 has an inside diameter that is preferably significantly smaller than the opening diameter do of the opening 11 at the tip 13 of the projectile 1. The inside diameter of the microchannel 57 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm.

The shaft mouth 37 can, for example, form a kind of funnel-shaped transition area between the shaft 55 and the Ogivin cavity 33 . The bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 preferably merges into the mouth 37 in a rounded manner, in particular without steps and/or without edges. The mouth 37 transitions into the other sections, for example the microchannel 57 and/or the deformation cavity 53, of the shaft 55, preferably in a rounded manner.

On the foot side of the microchannel 57, the shaft 55 has a deformation cavity 53 that widens essentially conically in the rear direction. The deformation cavity 53 has a rear end in the axial direction A that is essentially flat, preferably extending transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the axial direction A in the radial direction R. In the direction of the tip or end face, the deformation cavity 53 is wedge-shaped, in particular cone-shaped, and tapers.

The shaft 55 is at least partially or in the axial direction rotationally symmetrical with respect to the projectile axis A. In the radial direction R the shaft 55 is surrounded by a deformation sleeve wall 51 of the projectile 1 . The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31. In particular, the smallest wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the greatest radial wall thickness of the ogive wall 31. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 can be between half and ¼ of the cylinder diameter (or caliber diameter) Dz lay. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is preferably greater than 2/3, greater than ¾ or even greater than 90% of half the (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz.

The wall thickness of the ogive wall in the axial region of the ogive cavity 33 is preferably less than ¼ of the (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz in the middle.

The axial height 1 _H of the deformation sleeve wall 51, which surrounds the shaft 55, extends in the axial direction between 5 and 10 mm, preferably between 6 and 9 mm, in particular between 7 and 8 mm, preferably starting from the shoulder base 35 of the ogive cavity 33. The The axial height of the deformation cavity 53 is greater than the length of the microchannel section 57. In particular, the axial height of the deformation cavity 53 can be at least twice the axial height of the microchannel 57.

The cylinder section 5 extends from the base or rear 71 of the projectile to the ogive section 3 over 3 mm to 10 mm (height lz), preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, in particular over about 6 mm.

The cap preferably has a rear outer diameter of 4 to 6 mm, in particular 5 mm. Instead of the truncated cone section 75 shown, the edge between the tail 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the area of the cylinder section 5 can be completely rounded with a rounding radius between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 1 mm. Since a deformation cavity 53 that widens at the rear is provided in the cylinder section 5, as well as optionally a cap 73, the center of gravity of the projectile 1 can be shifted in the axial direction A towards the end face of the projectile 1. The deformation cavity 53 and, if applicable, the cap 73 serve or serve as a mass balance relative to the ogive cavity 33 provided at the front. By adjusting the axial balance of the projectile's center of gravity, its flight characteristics can be optimized. For example, a projectile according to the invention for practice cartridges can be designed to achieve similar ballistic properties, such as weight, possibly center of gravity, and/or shot sensitivity, corresponding to practice cartridges or cartridges customary in the authorities, for example the 9x19 ACTION 4 cartridges.

This in 1b and 1a The full projectile 1 shown has a solid, completely cylindrical projectile trunk 7 or trunk section, in which the projectile is designed in the axial direction A in the form of a solid, in particular cavity-free, solid cylinder. The trunk 7 has no cavity, in particular in the middle, coaxially to the projectile axis A, in particular no cavity which extends axially in the form of a thin capillary channel with the formation of inner edges. Preferably, the fully cylindrical stem 7 has an ideally cylindrical exterior. In an alternative embodiment of a projectile with a boat-tail, the trunk 7 can be frustoconical on the outside, at least in sections. In a section transverse, in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1, the trunk cross-section 7 is circular. The height of trunk 7 between tail 71 or a cap 73 formed in tail 71 and the rear end of deformation cavity 53 (trunk height ls) is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm or less 1 mm. According to an alternative embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the projectile can be completely penetrated in the axial direction, dispensing with a stem. Such projectiles are described in more detail below.

The 2 until 6 show different alternative versions of solid projectiles according to the invention for practice cartridges. The in the 2 until 6 The full storeys shown largely correspond to that in 1b full floor shown. The full floors of 2 until 6 differ from the full floor 1 according to 1b by the nature, shape and size of the chute extending from the ogive cavity into the barrel portion of the bullet. The full floors of 1b until 6 have practically the same outer contour, in particular the same dimensions in the axial direction A and/or the radial direction R 2 until 6 the same or similar reference symbols are used for similar or identical parts of the full floor according to the invention.

2 shows a full floor 1.2, which differs from the full floor 1 in accordance with 1b differs essentially in that the inner walls of the shaft 55.2 are brought together in the axial direction A over a greater length than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2.

In the case of the full projectile 1.2, the axial height of the microchannel section 57.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2, in particular at least twice as great. In the case of the full projectile 1.2, the shaft 55.2 has a gorge-like mouth 37.2, which widens in the shape of a funnel from the microchannel 57.2 to the bottom 35.2 of the ogive cavity 33. The projectile 1.2 has a trunk 7.2 between the base end of the deformation cavity 53.2, which tapers conically at the front side, and the cap 73 at the base 71 of the projectile 1.2. The axial height of the stem 7.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2. A deformation floor according to 1.2 2 can arise, for example, from the fact that, according to a target specification, a deformation bullet 1, as in 1b shown is to be fabricated, but more metal material is provided for fabrication. The excess material compared to the shape of the full floor 1 is tolerated in the case of the full floor 1.2 in that the opposite inner side sections of the shaft 55.2 are pushed closer together in the radial direction R.

3 shows a full floor 1.3 with a tubular shaft 55.3. The shaft 55.3 of the full storey 1.3 forms a deformation tube 58.3 extending in the axial direction A coaxially to the axis of rotation A of the full storey 1.3 with a substantially constant clear width. The deformation tube 58.3 can have a constriction in the middle in the axial direction. The shaft 55.3 has a deformation cavity 53.3, which extends essentially over the entire length of the shaft 55.3 up to its mouth 37.3. The deformation tube 58.3 or the microchannel of the full projectile 1.3 can be viewed as a partially cylindrical deformation cavity 53.3, which merges into the ogive cavity 33 at the mouth 37.3. In this respect, the deformation sleeve 51.3 of the full projectile 1.3 has a cylindrical outside and an almost cylindrical, tapered inside, which defines the deformation tube 58.3. The largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.3 is smaller than the clear width of the front opening 11, in particular narrower than half, preferably narrower than ¼ of the clear width. The wall thickness in the radial direction R of the deformation sleeve 51.3 is greater than the average wall thickness of the O-give sleeve 31.3.

4 shows a full projectile 1.4 for a training cartridge, in which the shaft 55.4 is formed in the axial direction A with a trunk 7.4 of a similar length as the shaft 55.3 of the full projectile 1.3 according to FIG 3 . The shaft 55.4 narrows along its entire axial length to form a microchannel 57.4, which preferably extends in the manner of a capillary from the mouth 37.4 into the cylinder section 5 of the full projectile 1.4. The clear width of the microchannel 57.4 is preferably less than 1/10, in particular less than 1/100 of the clear width of the end opening 11 of the full projectile 1.4. The shoulders 35.4 of the full projectile 1.4 are brought together in such a way that the mouth 37.4 of the shaft 55.4 is narrowed in a point-like manner. The full storey 1.4 is formed with almost complete dissolution of the deformation cavity. This can be viewed as a further narrowing of shaft 55.4 in comparison to shaft 55.2 of full floor 1.2 or shaft 55 of full floor 1. Compared to the full projectiles 1, 1.2 and 1.3, the full projectile 1.4 has an increased solid material volume, since the cylinder section 5 of the full projectile 1.4 has practically the same mass as the full projectile known from the prior art (which, however, has no Deformation sleeve 51.4 has).

Compared to the in the 1b until 4 shown full floors 1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 differ in the 5 and 6 full projectiles 1.5 or 1.6 shown in that the shaft 55.5 or 55.6 completely penetrates the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1.5 or 1.6. The full floors 1.5 and 1.6 have no cylindrical trunk section. In other words, a fully cylindrical trunk section in the 5 and 6 full storeys 1.5 and 1.6 shown have a height of zero.

The full floor 1.5, the in 5 shown, has a tubular shaft 55.5, which extends completely through the cylinder section 5 with a clear width which is almost constant in the axial direction. The continuous deformation tube 58.5 of the full projectile 1.5 means that the cylinder section 5 is implemented entirely as a deformation sleeve 51.5. The deformation tube 58.5 can be viewed as a deformation cavity 53.5 or shaft 55.5, which extends essentially cylindrically from the mouth 37.5 to the cap 73 of the full projectile 1.5. It is clear that a shaft 55.5 that penetrates completely into the projectile can also extend to the rear 71 of the projectile 1.5 if no spherical cap 73 is provided on the rear side of the projectile 1.5 (not shown). The same applies to shaft 55.6 according to 6 . Projectile 1.5 can be referred to as a completely sleeve-shaped solid projectile. It has a continuous axial channel which is composed of the end opening 11, the ogive cavity 33 and the deformation tube 58.5. The smallest clear width of this axial channel corresponds to the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5. The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 or the microchannel of the full projectile 1.5 defines a diameter smaller than that of the front opening. The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm. The largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably realized at its transition to the ogive cavity (the mouth 37.5) and/or the dome-side or rear-side opening and preferably measures less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm. The radial difference between the smallest clear width and the greatest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 penetrating the cylinder section 5 is preferably less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 200 μm, in particular less than 100 μm.

At the in 6 Full floor 1.6 shown, the shaft 55.6, which completely penetrates the cylinder section 5 in the axial direction A, tapers in sections to form a microchannel 57.6. The microchannel 57.6 can preferably be formed like a capillary with a clear width of less than 10 μm, preferably less than 1 μm. The capillary-like narrowed section of the microchannel 57.6 preferably extends over at least half, preferably at least 2/3, in particular at least ¾ of the axial length of the shaft 55.6. The shaft 55.6 can frontally, at the mouth 37.6, and / or rear, at the mouth to Dome 37 or the projectile tail 71, to form a tube-like or tube-like microchannel 57.6.with a greater clear width. Similar to the in 4 shown full floor 1.4 has the full floor 1.6 according to 6 practically the same mass as the solid bullet for practice cartridges known from the prior art (which, however, has no deformation sleeve 51.6 or the like).

7 shows a schematic sectional view of a bullet 1' according to the invention after its impact on a target, a bulletproof vest, such as a ballistic vest of protection class I. The bullet 1' deformed by the impact is both in the area of the ogive section 3' and in the area of the cylinder section 5' clearly compressed. The shaft 55' extending into the cylinder section 5' of the full projectile 1' is widened under plastic deformation by the impact of the projectile 1' on the target or the like. In contrast to the known full projectiles, the plastic deformation takes place in the form of an upset and over a significantly increased axial length in the axial direction A of the full projectile 1 ', so that in the case of the full projectile according to the invention, its kinetic energy on impact with a resistance is converted into plastic deformation energy with a relatively greater degree of efficiency is converted than with conventional projectiles. When hitting a resistance, in particular a soft target such as SK I, there is only a slight transverse deformation of the projectile. Preferably, the ogive sleeve wall 31 folds radially outward upon impact. During folding, a radially outermost ring kink 31' can form. Preferably, the projectile does not mushroom while the projectile tip migrates, in particular beyond the radial caliber diameter, outwards in the radial direction. Upon impact with the resistance, the shaft 55' widens in the radial direction R both in the region of the microchannel section 57' that may be present and in the region of a deformation cavity 53' that may be present. In the full projectile 1' according to the invention, both the ogive sleeve wall 31' and the deformation sleeve wall 51' deform.

The full floors described above according to the preferred embodiments of 1 until 7 relate to solid projectiles for practice cartridges in accordance with the 9 mm Luger caliber, which is particularly common in Germany and is also known as 9 mm para or 9x19 (mm). It is clear to the person skilled in the art that he can also produce a corresponding projectile geometry for a solid projectile according to the invention for other calibres. The person skilled in the art knows how to scale the projectile length 1 _D and/or the (caliber) projectile diameter Dz for this purpose in order to arrive at a corresponding full projectile according to the invention of a different caliber, for example the caliber .357 Mag., the caliber . 40 S&W, caliber .44 Rem. Mag. or .45 ACP caliber.

In the following, with the help of 8th until 11 a tool arrangement according to the invention for carrying out a manufacturing method according to the invention for the production of inventive metallic solid projectiles for practice cartridges is described.

8th shows a setting press 100, which can be part of a tool arrangement according to the invention. The setting press 100 has as essential components a metal blank holder 105x, a rear ram with a bottom side 107x and a setting ram 115x. The setting punch 115x preferably has a cylindrical outer diameter which essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the metal blank holder 105x. The inside diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x is preferably dimensioned according to the desired caliber diameter of the bullet to be produced.

8th shows a setting press 100 in a position in which the setting punch 115 is in its operational position, which is furthest inserted with respect to the bottom side 107x or the metal blank holder 105x (setting end position). A cavity in which a metal blank 1x is located is formed between the front side 113x of the setting stamp 115x, the cylindrical inside of the metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107x. the inside 8th The metal blank _1X shown has a centering stamping, which is introduced by a centering projection of the setting press 100 on the end face 13x of the metal blank 1x. On the rear side 71x of the metal blank 1x, opposite its front side 13x, the fully cylindrical metal blank 1x has a concentric, dome-like indentation in the middle and through a correspondingly shaped, conical dome-shaped nose 173x on the bottom side 107x, i.e. the front side of the rear ram. Radially on the outside, the metal blank 1x has a phase-like truncated cone section 75x on its rear side 71x, which is arranged in the edge area between the rear 71x and the cylindrical peripheral side 5x of the metal blank 1x. The phase-side truncated cone section 75x is defined by a corresponding taper in the transition area between the rear punch and the cylindrical inner wall of the setting die 105x.

For the setting-shaping of the metal blank 1x in the setting press 100, a substantially cylindrical metal blank (not shown) is first provided, which, for example, is made of a copper wire was cut to length. The cutting to length can be done by cutting, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting. The cut metal blank is then placed in the metal blank holder 105x. A relative movement of the setting punch 115x then takes place relative to the bottom side 107x until the cavity between the setting punch 115x, the die or metal blank holder 105x and the bottom side 107x to the in 8th set end position shown is reduced. The bottom side 107x of the press is formed by the front upper side of a rear stamp. In the setting press, the metal blank is formed into the in 8th shown metal blank 1x by press forming, i.e. cold forming. The setting of the metal blank used for forming into a projectile, in particular in a setting press 100, is an optional step of the manufacturing method according to the invention. A metal blank can also be provided in a preforming press or for a preforming step immediately after cutting to length from a metal wire, such as a copper wire, without a prior setting step.

9a shows a preforming press 101 of a tool arrangement according to the invention. The 9bund 9c show bullet blanks 1a, 1a' (first stage) which were manufactured in a preforming press.

The main components of the preforming press 101 are a hollow-cylindrical bullet blank receptacle 105a and a bottom side 107a, which delimits the bullet blank receptacle 105a in the axial direction A, and a preforming punch 111 with a preforming section 112 tapering in the axial direction to a front surface 113 in the shape of a truncated cone. The preforming punch 111 has a cylindrical Guide portion 115 shaped to complement the cylindrical inner diameter of the bullet blank receiver 105a to guide the preforming punch during the preforming pressing operation. The bottom surface 107a is formed as part of a stern stamp. The ejection die or tail die defines, preferably together with the lower end section of the preforming die 105a, the geometry of the tail 71 (possibly with spherical cap 73) of the bullet blank 1a, 1a' (first stage).

9a shows the preforming press 101 with the preforming punch 111 in the operational end position (preforming end position), in which a preforming cavity for defining the inner and/or outer contour of the bullet blank 1a (first stage) is defined. In order to form a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity, the preforming section 112 of the preforming punch 111 is in the present case formed in the shape of a truncated cone and is rotationally symmetrical. in the in 9a In the preforming end position shown, an axial distance h _s is formed between the base 107a and the front surface 113 of the preforming die 111 . At the in 9a In the illustrated embodiment, the base 107a has a spherical cap-shaped nose which extends conically, starting from a flat, annular base surface, in the axial direction into the cavity. In this configuration of the preforming press, the preform axial distance h _s or the preform trunk height is measured between the tip of the spherical cap forming nose 171a of the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preforming punch 111. In another (not shown) configuration of a preforming press 101, at Since the base 107a is designed without a dome-shaped nose 173a, the preform stem height h _s would extend between the flat foot mold section 171a of the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111.

The preform punch 111 has a tapered preform section 112 terminating in a front face 113 . The front surface 113 can be very narrow. The preform section 112 according to FIG 9a has the shape of a truncated cone rotationally symmetrical to the axis A. Other rotationally symmetrical, tapering shapes, for example a parabolic shape or a shape that is rounded in sections, are conceivable. The base of the preform section 112 has the same outer diameter as the guide section 115 of the preform punch 111. In the preform final position, the 9a shows is between the base of the preform section 112 and the rear surface 171a of the bottom side 107a, resp. a maximum height of the cavity h _Ra formed. In the preforming press 101, the greatest cavity height h _Ra extends between the rear surface 171a and the point furthest away from the base surface 171a, at which point the preforming section 112 of the preforming punch 111 preferably meets the inside of the hollow-cylindrical bullet blank receptacle 105a. According to the invention, in the preform end position, a stem height corresponding to the axial distance h _S is less than 45%, preferably less than 40%, in particular less than 25%, more preferably less than 10% of the cavity height h _Ra . The length of the preform section 112 in the axial direction A, starting from the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111, is between 5 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 17 mm, in particular between 10 mm and 15 mm, particularly preferably between 13.5 mm and 14mm. The diameter of the front surfaces is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, in particular around 2 mm.

The tool arrangement according to the invention for the setting press 100 and the preforming press 101 can have the same bullet blank holder 105a or metal blank holder 105x (the same die) and/or use the same bottom side 107a or 107x (the same rear stamp). In a tool arrangement according to the invention, the bullet blank receptacle 105a or 105b (the die) and/or the bottom surface 107a or 107b (the rear ram) of the preforming press 101 and the inner contour forming press 103 can be the same. The setting press 100, preforming press 101, the inner contour forming press 103 and/or the ogive forming press 200 can be partially or completely different from one another by an individual setting station, preforming station, inner contour forming station and/or ogive forming station.

The metal blank located in the preforming press 101 by pressing the punch 111 in the bullet blank receptacle 105a produces the first stage bullet blank 1a, as shown in FIG 9b shown. In the case of the bullet blank 1a, a trunk height _1s remains between the butt end 113a of the angular, truncated inner contour 32 and the rear end 71a or the spherical cap recess 73 formed therein. The trunk height _1s extending in the axial direction A essentially corresponds to the preform axial spacing _hs according to 9a , whereby metal material settlement phenomena of the bullet blank 1a are to be taken into account. In the axial area of the trunk height _1s, the bullet blank 1a is designed with a fully cylindrical trunk section 7a. In the fully cylindrical trunk section 7a, the bullet blank 1a has a solid, fully circular cross-section transversely to the axial direction A. The trunk section 7a of the bullet blank 1a is formed on the base or rear side (distant from the forehead 13a) of the bullet blank 1a. The outer contour 34a of the bullet blank 1a is essentially ideally cylindrical and preferably has an outer diameter which corresponds to the bullet cylinder diameter Dz. The bullet diameter Dz is preferably produced in the metal or bullet blank before it is made available in the forming press 101, and the outer diameter of the bullet remains in the preforming press 101 (and, if necessary, the inner contour forming press 103 and/or the ogive forming press 200), at least in sections constant. In particular in the cylinder section 5a (or 5, 5b) of the bullet blank 1a (1, 1b), the bullet outer diameter remains constant after the metal or bullet blank has been provided in the preforming press until the end of the manufacturing process.

The wall thickness of the case section 3a of the projectile blank 1a preferably increases steadily, in particular continuously, from the forehead 13a of the projectile blank 1a towards its rear 71a. In the front sleeve section 3a, the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the radial direction R is smaller than the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the cylinder section 5a. The frustoconical recess 55a in the projectile blank 1a has an inner contour 32a which essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the preforming die 111 (its preform section 112 and front surface 113). When using a forming die 111 (not shown) that is shaped differently than a truncated cone, the cavity recess 55a of the projectile blank 1a will have a different inner contour correspondingly shaped to complement the respective tapering preforming die.

9c shows an alternative embodiment of a bullet blank 1a' (first stage), wherein different inner contour butt ends 113a, 113a', 113a'' are shown. The blunt end 113a of the bullet blank inner contour 55a′ shown in dashed lines corresponds to the illustration according to FIG 9b . The dotted blunt ends 113a' and 113a'' show that the blunt ends of the puncture cavity 55a' at the rear in the axial direction A when using a forming punch which is essentially like that in 9a is shaped as shown, but has a greater axial length (butt end 113a`) or a shorter axial length (butt end 113a'').

According to the dashed line 113a', the bullet blank 1a' has been completely penetrated in the axial direction A, so that the bullet blank 1a' is completely sleeve-shaped. The puncture opening 55a' transitions into the spherical cap nose 73a'. It should be understood that to form such a shape, a suitably adapted frusto-conical nose preform press is to be used. The inner contour 32a' of the sleeve wall 31a' increases in 9c The projectile blank 1a' illustrated is preferably continuous, in particular steadily, up to the point (113a') at which the shaft opening 55a' of the projectile blank 1a' merges into the spherical cap recess 73a'. At the in 9c illustrated, completely penetrated bullet blank 1a 'is not formed a fully cylindrical bullet blank trunk. The bullet blank 1a is formed without a bullet stem or with a bullet stem of zero height. Even with a fully penetrated bullet blank 1a, other than frustoconical preform punches can be used.

9c also shows dashed another way to form a projectile blank with a opposite to that in the 9a and 9b illustrated projectile blank 1a enlarged trunk with a trunk height 1 _{s ''} .

10a shows an inner contour molding press 103 and 10b one with the in 10a illustrated inner contour molding press 103 produced bullet blank 1b (second stage). Like the ones before The setting press 100 described and the preforming press 103 described above and the ogive forming press described below is the one in 10a shown inner contour molding press formed with essentially rotationally symmetrical tools for the formation of rotationally symmetrical bullets for practice cartridges. The main components of the inner contour forming press 103 are the inner contour forming die 121, the base side 107b arranged axially opposite the inner contour forming die 121 and the hollow-cylindrical bullet blank receptacle 105b.

In the inner contour shape end position, which in 10a is shown, the inner contour forming die 121 delimits a cavity for the projectile blank 1b on the front side and the bottom side 107b or the front side 107b of the rear die on the foot side. The cavity for the bullet blank 1b is delimited on the outside circumference in the radial direction R by the ideal hollow-cylindrical die 105b. To reach the in 10a In the inner contour end position shown, the inner contour forming punch 121 is pressed into the bullet blank 1a previously preformed in the preforming press 103 until the second stage bullet blank 1b is formed, as in FIGS 10a and 10b shown for example.

the inside 10a The inner contour forming die shown has an inner contour forming section 122 which is formed in sections in the axial direction A as a cylindrical sleeve forming section 133 . The cylindrical wall shape and the wall thickness of the end sleeve wall 31b are defined by the cylindrical sleeve shape section 133 of the inner contour shaping punch 121 and the inside of the inner contour shape outer die 105b opposite the sleeve shape section 133 in the radial direction R. It is clear that the sleeve mold section 133 can be formed with a slight draft angle, preferably less than 1°.

The front surface 123 of the inner contour shaping die 121 can be formed as a blunt conical tip with an opening angle between 130° and 180°, preferably approximately 160°, and rounded front edges 125 . The inner contour 32b of the case section 3b of the bullet blank 1b (second stage) is formed by the blunt cone tip 123 of the inner contour forming punch 121, which extends inwards in a shoulder-like manner, starting from the case wall 31b in the radial direction R, around the bottom 35b of the bullet blank main cavity 33b to limit in the axial direction on the foot side. The radius of curvature of the front surfaces 123 can be 1 mm to 3 mm, preferably 2 mm. The cylindrical sleeve shape section 133 can also begin at about 1 mm, preferably from about 2 mm, in particular from about 2.5 mm, starting from the tip of the inner contour forming die and extends to about 11 mm, preferably to about 10 mm, in particular to about 9 mm extend starting from the tip of the inner contour forming die 121.

The inner contour shaping die 121 has a guide section 127 which extends in the axial direction immediately after the shaping section 122 far from the front end 123 and which is preferably formed essentially in a shape complementary to the hollow-cylindrical inside of the bullet blank receptacle 105b. The guide section 127 of the inner contour shaping die 121 can be used to securely guide the shaping die in the inner contour shaping die 105b, in particular during the relative movement of the die 121 relative to the bottom side 107b.

A transition section 128, preferably in the shape of a truncated cone, extends in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R between the inner contour shaping section 122 or its sleeve shaping section 133 and the guide section 127 of the inner contour shaping punch 121 and the inner contour shaping section 122 transitions.

From the front end of the inner contour stamp guide section 127, which is formed by the outer annular edge of the transition section 128, opposite the rear surface 171b, the bottom side 107 of the rear stamp, the maximum axial height of the cavity (h _Rb ) in the inner contour mold final position.

In the inner contour shape end position according to 10a there is an axial distance h _r between the front surface 123 of the inner contour forming punch 121 and the front end of the bottom side 107b in the axial direction A, which can be referred to as the remaining inner contour distance. As in 10a indicated, the residual distance h _r is greater than the preform axial distance h _s . Preferably, the inner contour mold residual distance h _r is at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times or at least 2 times as large as the preform axial distance h _S . With a narrow trunk height h _{s ,} the remaining inner contour mold distance h _r can be more than 10 times, more than 100 times or even more than 1000 times greater than the preform axial distance h _s .

The axial size of the inner contour molding section 122 is, as can be seen from FIGS 10a and 10b as can be seen, is less than the axial length of the preform section 112. Preferably, the axial length of the preform section 112 can be at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times, or at least 2 times the axial length of the inner contour molding section 122. The inner contour Shaped section 122 is preferably not smaller in the axial direction A than 10%, 20%, 30% or 50% of the axial length of the preform section 112.

In the inner contour molding section, the result of which in the form of the bullet blank (second stage) 1b in the 10a and 10b As can be seen, the bullet blank 1b is formed in such a way that in the axial direction A it forms a sleeve-shaped front section 3b and a rear cylinder section 5b. The cavity 33b on the end face in the bullet blank 1b is formed in a shape that is essentially complementary to the shape of the inner contour molding section 122 of the inner contour molding press 103 .

At the bottom 35b of the inner contour-shaped cavity 33b there is a mouth 37b in the axial center, which transitions into the shaft 55b. A deformation sleeve 51b, which radially surrounds the shaft 55b, is formed in the cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank 1b (second stage). According to the bullet blank 1b 10b the shaft 55b extends in the manner of a microchannel up to a remaining stem height h _S . Below the channel 55b there is a fully cylindrical bullet blank stem 7b. The bullet blank 1b has a dome recess 73b at the foot end 71b, which defines the lower end of the bullet blank stem 7b and the stem height.

The outer contour 34b of the second stage bullet blank 1b is essentially completely cylindrical and has essentially the same outside diameter both in the cylinder section 5b and in the front thin-walled section 3b, which preferably corresponds to the bullet (calibre) diameter Dz. The bullet blank of the second stage (1b) has essentially the finished shaft (55b) shape, which, as already the 1 until 6 described, can differ depending on the storey. As in 9c described with regard to an alternative bullet blank geometry (1a′), a second stage bullet blank (not shown) can of course also be realized stem-free. The formation of the trunk 7b of the second-stage bullet blank is due to the preforming step in the preforming press 101. If the preforming punch completely penetrates the metal or bullet blank (1a') of the first stage, the bullet blank that is internally contoured from this preformed bullet blank also has no trunk.

When the inner contour forming punch 121 is pressed into the preformed bullet blank, which is held in the bullet blank receptacle 105b and by the bottom side 107b formed by a rear punch, the inner contour 32a of the bullet blank is shaped according to the inner contour forming section 122. When the inner contour forming die 121 is pressed into the bullet blank, a front bullet blank section 3b is formed with a thin wall, preferably with a constant wall thickness, in particular at least in sections in the shape of a cylinder sleeve. During the inner contour forming step, the metal material of the full bullet or bullet blank that is displaced by the inner contour forming punch 121 during this inner contour shaping step is pushed in the axial direction A toward the base or rear (rear) cylinder section 5b of the bullet blank (second stage) 1b delay.

The cone shaft 55a formed by the preforming punch 111 up to the butt end 113 at the bottom of the inner contour 32a is formed by the inner contour forming punch 121 during the inner contour forming step. The cone channel 55a is reshaped by a partial widening to form a wide cylindrical cavity 33b near the end face 13b of the projectile blank 1b, which has an internal contour. Towards the base 71b of the bullet blank 1b, the metal material of the bullet blank 1b is compressed inward in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R during the forming of the cone channel 55a by the inner contour forming punch 121, so that in the axial direction A the base shoulders delimiting the cavity 35b with the central muzzle opening 37b and the shaft 55 extending from the muzzle opening 37b in the axial direction A into the cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank 1b.

During manufacture, the deformation sleeve 51b surrounding the shaft 55b provides a manufacturing tolerance, with the first through the cone shaft 55a and then any existing (not in 10b shown) deformation cavity formed internal cavities during the inner contour forming step displaced material can accommodate. In this way, a precisely fitting outer contour 34b of the bullet blank 1b can be ensured without post-processing, for example by calibrating or milling.

11 shows the ogive-forming press 200. The main component of the ogive-forming press 200 is a rear ram 207 and a bullet receptacle 205 with a bullet tip forming ram 213 for inserting the preformed and/or internally contoured bullet blank. This is held or at least centered by the rear punch 207 and introduced into a stationary part of the ogive molding press 200 which essentially consists of the bullet receptacle 205 and the bullet tip punch 213 . The bullet nose punch 213 together with the bullet receptacle 205 defines the arcuate Outline 203 for the ogive. The ogive matrix or bullet receptacle 205 is designed as a hollow cylinder with an ogive-shaped inner contour. In the axial direction A, the ogive inner contour 203 of the bullet receptacle 205 preferably merges continuously, in particular without any cracks and/or edges, into the ogive-shaped surface of the base side 213 of the point punch or front punch.

When the bullet blank with the bullet tail punch 207 is pushed into the bullet blank receptacle 205 relative to the bottom side 213 defined by the tip punch, the metal material of the front case section 23 is deformed like an ogive, so that the bullet 2 is formed from the bullet blank. In the ogive form final position, the 11 represents, the partially ogive-shaped projectile 2 has been made from the projectile blank. The projectile 2 can then be reworked, for example by levelling. The cylinder section 25 of the bullet 2 is preferably not deformed during the ogive forming step, so that it preferably fully retains its outer diameter, in particular corresponding to the (caliber) bullet diameter Dz.

The pressing tools or presses (100, 101, 103, 200) can be equipped with mechanical limit switches and/or force-dependent limit switches and/or path-dependent limit switches to define the relative position of the bottom side to the respective stamp in the respective end position. Recordings and dimensioning of tools can be different depending on the calibre, system and/or design.

The features disclosed in the above description, in the figures and in the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for the implementation of the invention in the various configurations.

Reference List

1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

Full floor

1.5, 1.6, 21a, 1b

bullet blank

1x

metal blank

3.23

ogive section

5.25

cylinder section

3a, 5b

sleeve section

7

trunk section

11

opening

13

Top

31, 31a, 31b

ogive wall

32, 32a, 32b

inner contour

33, 33b

ogive cavity

34, 34a, 34b

outer contour

35, 35a, 35b

Floor

51

deformation cylinder

53

deformation cavity

55, 55a, 55b

shaft

57

microchannel

71, 71a, 71b

rear side

73, 71a, 71b

cap

75, 75a, 75b

truncated cone section

100

setting press

101

preform press

103

Internal contour molding press

105a

metal blank holder

105b, 105x

bullet blank holder

107a, 107b, 107x

bottom side

111

preform punch

112

preform section

113, 123

front face

115, 125

guide section

121

Inner contour mold stamp

122

Inner contour molding section

133

sleeve mold section

200

ogive molding press

203

ogive section

205

shot

207

Bullet Tail Stamp

213

bottom side

A

Axis of rotation/axial direction

R

radial direction

do

opening diameter

double room

cylinder diameter

hS

trunk height

hRa

height (preform cavity)

hRb

Height (inner contour mold cavity)

1G

bullet length

1H

shaft height

1O

ögiven section height

1S

trunk height

1Z

cylinder section height

Claims (18)

Metallic solid bullet (1) for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the solid bullet (1) comprising a frontal ogive section (3) and a cylinder section (5) for holding the solid bullet (1) in a cartridge case and in the axial direction (A) defines a projectile length (1 _G ), the ogive section (3) having an ogive wall (31) and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity (33) delimited circumferentially by the ogive wall (31), characterized in that a fully cylindrical trunk section (7) of the full projectile is located in Extending in the axial direction (A) over less than 45% of the projectile length (1 _G ), the full projectile (1) having an end opening (11) which opens into the ogive cavity (33) and an inner opening diameter (d _O ) which is larger than 0.5 mm, in particular larger than 1.0 mm, and smaller than 3 mm, in particular smaller than 1.5 mm, wherein an inner contour (32) surrounding the ogive cavity (33) in the axial direction (A) is completely rounded, with the inner contour (32) being manufactured without cutting. Metallic full bullet (1) after claim 1 , characterized in that , starting from a bottom (35) of the ogive cavity (33), a shaft (55) extends into the cylinder section (5), which forms a microchannel (57) and/or a deformation cavity (53), the deformation cavity (53) is at least partially cylindrical and/or at least partially conical in shape with an end taper. full floor after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the ogive wall (31) has an ogive wall thickness and the solid bullet (1) in the cylinder section (3) in the axial direction (A) at least partially forms an annular deformation sleeve wall (51) which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness which is greater than the ogive wall thickness, the ogive wall thickness preferably being less than half the radius of the full projectile and/or the deformation sleeve wall thickness preferably being less than or equal to the radius of the full projectile (1). Full floor after one of Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the solid floor (1) is blunt at the front. Solid projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fully cylindrical trunk section (7) extends in the axial direction (A) over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm and/or at the rear end (71) of the solid projectile ( 1) a cap (73) is recessed. Full projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner contour (32) surrounding the ogive cavity (33) is formed without steps in the axial direction (A) and/or has exclusively rounded edges. Tool arrangement for the production of metallic solid projectiles (1) for practice cartridges, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity (33), comprising a preforming press (101) with a hollow-cylindrical projectile blank receptacle (105a) which is delimited in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107a). , a preforming punch (111), having a preform section (112) that tapers in the axial direction towards a front face (113), preferably at least partially conically, in particular in the shape of a truncated cone, and in particular is rotationally symmetrical, the preform section (112) relative to the bottom side (107a) for Forming a bullet blank (1a) is movable up to a preform end position, in which the preforming die (111), the bottom side (107a) and the bullet blank receptacle (105a) define a preform cavity for the bullet blank (1a), characterized in that in the preform end position, an axial distance (hs) between the bottom side (107a) and the front surface (113) is less than 45% of a maximum height (h _Ra ) of the cavity in the axial direction (A), the tool arrangement being formed in such a way that an inner contour (32) surrounding the ogive cavity (33) is completely rounded in the axial direction (A) and the inner contour (32) can be manufactured without cutting. tool arrangement claim 7 , further comprising an inner contour molding press (103). a hollow-cylindrical bullet blank receptacle (105b), which is delimited in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107b), and an inner contour shaping die (121), having an inner contour shaping section (122) extending in the axial direction to a front surface (123), wherein the inner contour shaping section (122) is movable relative to the base side (107b) for shaping the bullet blank (1b) up to an inner contour shaping end position in which the inner contour shaping punch (121), the base side (107b) and the bullet blank receptacle ( 105b) define an inner contour forming cavity for the bullet blank (1b), with an axial distance (h _r ) between the base side (107b) and the front surface (123) being greater than the axial distance (hs ) between the bottom side (107a) of the preforming press (101) and the front surface (113) of the preforming punch (111) in the final preforming position. tool arrangement claim 8 , characterized in that the front surface (123) of the inner contour shaping stamp (121) is formed as a blunt conical tip, in particular with a rounded front edge (125), and/or the inner contour shaping section (122) in the axial direction (A) in sections as a sleeve shaping section ( 133) is formed with a substantially cylindrical outer contour, with the inner contour shaping section (122) in particular having a frustoconical transition section (128) adjacent to a guide section (127) of the inner contour shaping die (121), which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour shaping section (122) extends to the guide portion (127). tool arrangement claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the taper of the preform section (112) of the preform stamp (111) is more pointed than the preferably tapering outer contour of the inner contour mold section (122), in particular the sleeve mold section, of the inner contour mold stamp (121). Tool arrangement according to one of Claims 7 until 10 , characterized in that the tool arrangement also comprises a setting press (100) which has a hollow-cylindrical metal blank receptacle (105x) which is delimited in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107x) and which has a setting stamp (115x), which is movable relative to the bottom side (107x) for forming the metal blank (1x) up to a setting end position, in which the setting punch (115x) and the bullet blank receptacle (105x) form a setting cavity with a predetermined clear width for defining a constant outer diameter , Form in particular the caliber diameter (Dz), the metal blank (1x). Tool arrangement according to one of Claims 7 until 11 , characterized in that the tool arrangement further comprises an ogive molding press (200) which has a hollow-cylindrical bullet receptacle (205) which is delimited in the axial direction (A) by a concave, ogive-shaped bottom side (213) and which has a bullet rear punch (207) for holding and/or centering the rear end of the projectile blank, in particular with its internal contour formed, which is movable relative to the bottom side (213) for molding the full projectile (2) up to an ogive mold end position in which the projectile rear die (207), the Bullet receptacle (205) and the bottom side (213) define a cavity which defines a negative bullet with an ogive section (23, 203) and cylinder section (25) adjoining it. Method for producing solid metal projectiles (1) for practice cartridges, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity (33), in which a metal blank made in particular from metal wire cut to length is provided, preferably with a cylindrical outer surface, characterized in that the metal blank is preformed into a projectile blank (1a ) is formed with a sleeve-shaped section (3a) which, at the end of the preforming step, extends over more than half of the greatest axial blank height (h _Ra ), with the sleeve-shaped section (3a) in particular having a preferably continuously tapering inner contour (32a) is formed, an inner contour (32) enclosing the ogive cavity (33) being completely rounded in the axial direction (A) in an inner contour forming step, the inner contour (32) being manufactured without cutting. procedure after Claim 13 , characterized in that the metal blank is formed in the preforming step while maintaining a remaining, fully cylindrical trunk section (7) of the bullet blank (1a) extending in the axial direction (A) over less than 45% of the greatest axial blank height (h _Ra ), or that the metal blank is the preforming step for forming the bullet blank (1a) is completely penetrated in the axial direction (A). procedure after Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that the bullet blank (1a) is formed after the preforming step in an inner contour forming step such that a front sleeve section (3b) of the bullet blank (1b) with a radially outer sleeve wall (31b) is substantially more constant wall thickness and/or cylindrical inner contour (32b), that a rear case section (5b) of the bullet blank (1b) is formed with a shoulder (35b) projecting radially inwards from the case wall (31b), and that a shoulder (35b) protruding from the case wall (31b) 35b) outgoing shaft (55b) is formed, which extends into the rear sleeve section (5b) of the projectile blank (1b), which shaft (55b) in particular forms a microchannel (57b) and/or a deformation cavity (53b), the deformation cavity (53b) is at least partially cylindrical and/or at least partially conical with a narrowing at the front. procedure after claim 15 , characterized in that in the inner contour shaping step the bullet blank (1b) is shaped in such a way that the deformation cavity (53) forms a waist-shaped constriction at the end, with a micro-channel (57) in particular between the deformation cavity (53) and the shoulder (35) is formed in that the inner wall surface of the sleeve section (51) is brought together over a large area, in particular touching, and/or that a distance in the axial direction (A) between the shoulder (35b) and a rear (71) becomes greater than the axial height of the closure the preforming step, any fully cylindrical trunk section (7) of the bullet blank (1a). Procedure according to one of Claims 13 until 16 , characterized in that the bullet blank, in particular after the inner contour forming step, is formed in an ogive forming step in such a way that the front case wall (31) forms an outer surface in the form of an ogive in sections, with a front opening (11) being maintained in particular, which preferably opens into a the ogive cavity (33) defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall (31). Procedure according to one of Claims 13 until 17 , characterized in that the preforming step and/or the ogive forming step takes place without cutting, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing.

Images