EP3494357B1 - Solid metal bullet, tool system and method for producing solid metal bullets - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a full metal bullet for training cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges according to claim 1. The invention also relates to a tool arrangement for producing metallic full bullets for training cartridges according to claim 6.

The invention further comprises a method for the production of metallic full projectiles for practice cartridges according to claim 11. For use on police shooting ranges, projectiles for practice cartridges have the requirements of the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm x 19, pollutant-reduced" (in particular: as of September 2009) to comply with the proviso that for practice cartridges some requirements made of cartridge in the technical guideline mentioned, among other things regarding the end ballistic effect, do not have to be met.

A generic full floor for practice cartridges is known from EP 2 498 045 A1 . The generic full floor consists of an arched ogive on the front and a cylindrical area connected to it. In the area of the arched ogive, the well-known full floor is equipped with an ogive wall, which delimits an ogive cavity and is formed on the inside with predetermined breaking points in the form of notches and edges. These predetermined breaking points serve as predetermined zones for initiating or promoting material failure. They facilitate the folding of the projectile solid material with the formation of cracks in the outer skin of the ogive if the projectile hits the face of a target. When hitting the bullet according to EP 2 498 045 A1 it should deform mushroom-shaped ("mushroom") on its target. When the projectile is deformed, its kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy. The conversion of kinetic energy into deformation energy should take place as quickly as possible in the case of practice cartridge bullets in order to prevent the bullet from having a sufficient amount of kinetic energy to penetrate, in particular, protective vests, for example police protective vests. In the known full bullet for practice cartridges, it has been found to be disadvantageous that the cracking effect of the predetermined breaking points can lead to the bullet splintering when it hits the target or a hard surface, such as the wall of a shooting range. The splintering of a practice bullet can result in dangerous cross-impact splinters for practicing shooters.

EP 2 133 655 A2 discloses a projectile for firearms. US 5,943,749 A discloses a manufacturing method for a hollow projectile. US 1,892,158 discloses a projectile for short distances. Out US 3,069,748 is a manufacturing process for projectiles.

It is an object of the invention to provide a metallic bullet for practice cartridges which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular in compliance with the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm x 19, pollutant-reduced", and in which the fragmentation of the bullet when Impact on a hard surface is avoided.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

Accordingly, a metallic full floor for practice cartridges is provided in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the full floor comprising an end-face ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the full floor in a cartridge case and defining a floor length in the axial direction. Solid floors differ from partial shell floors and solid jacket floors in that a solid floor is formed in one piece, in particular from a homogeneous material. The full floor is intended in particular for practice cartridges for use in small arms, ie revolvers, submachine guns and / or pistols. A metallic full floor can also be provided for practice cartridges for rifles. The full storey is preferably provided for practice cartridges up to a caliber of 20 mm, in particular up to a caliber of 12 mm. Cartridges usually consist of a bullet, a cartridge case, propellant powder and a primer. The projectile is the object shot down by the weapon. With a cartridge caliber of 9 mm x 19 (Luger or Para caliber), the weight of a projectile can be between 3 g and 20 g, in particular between 5 g and 15 g, preferably between 5.5 g and 9 g, particularly preferably between 6.0 g and 6.3 g , for example 6.1 g, when using a protective vest must be excluded. Due to their weight and shape, the bullets of standard cartridges of 9 mm Luger caliber have a muzzle velocity of 340 mm / sec. or more. The material of the full story is preferably lead-free and / or lead-free. The metal of the full floor preferably has copper. In particular, the metal of the full story consists of at least 95%, at least 99%, or at least 99.9% copper. The particularly uncoated bullet particularly preferably consists of pure copper (Cu-ETP), preferably with a specific weight of 8.93 g / cm ³ , in particular of CU-ETP1 according to DIN EN1977 with at least 99.9% copper content and less than 100 ppm oxygen . According to less preferred embodiments, the metal material of the full storey can be brass (ie a mixture of copper and zinc such as tombac). The specific weight of copper is 8.9g / ccm. The specific weight of zinc is 7.2 g / ccm. The specific weight of brass is at least 8.3 g / ccm, the specific weight of tombac being about 8.6 g / ccm.

According to the invention, the cylinder section of the full storey preferably adjoins the arcuate section of the ogive. The ogive section arranged at the front in the direction of flight of the full storey can be referred to as the front. The cylinder section of the full floor, which is in the direction of flight of the floor, can be referred to as the foot side or the rear side. The ogive section is arranged in the axial direction in front of the cylinder section of the full storey. The cylinder section preferably has a circular outer contour in cross section. The shape of the cylinder section preferably corresponds to a vertical or straight circular cylinder. At the rear end of the cylinder section, a chamfer section can be arranged in order to simplify the insertion of the full projectile into a neck of a cartridge case and / or to form a particularly aerodynamic rear end (which is generally referred to as a "boat tail"). The metallic full storey preferably consists of the front-side ogive section and the rear-side cylinder section.

An ogive is, in a strictly geometric sense, a shape in three-dimensional space that is created by the rotating body of the intersection of two arcs. Based on the geometrical term, profiles in longitudinal section are similarly shaped, for example of tips of ballistic projectiles, which should have the lowest possible air resistance when moving. In this respect, an ogive can be understood as a streamlined body of revolution that can be pointed or rounded (flattened) on the face.

The ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity delimited circumferentially by the ogive wall. The ogive cavity of the hollow projectile according to the invention allows the projectile to carry out a deformation in the form of a compression upon impact with a target or another resistance. When the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy. When the projectile is compressed, the projectile tip deforms essentially only in the axial direction relative to the cylinder section. In particular, in the event of a vertical impact of the projectile against a flat resistance, there is preferably no deformation of the projectile tip in the radial direction over the diameter of the undeformed cylinder section. The ogive cavity is preferably empty, ie only filled with ambient air. An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed step-free and / or uninterrupted in the circumferential direction and / or has only rounded edges. An outside of the ogive defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed steplessly in the circumferential direction and / or has a constant wall thickness over the circumference, in particular over the full circumference.

The projectile is preferably harder at or near its tip than in the rear area. The tip can have a hardness of between 110 HV0.5 to 200 HV0.5, in particular 120 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, preferably 130 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5. The cylinder section can have a low hardness, for example a hardness between 50 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, in particular 75 HV0.5 to 155 HV0.5, preferably 85 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5.

According to the invention, a fully cylindrical, in particular solid, trunk section of the full story extends in the axial direction over less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or over 0%, preferably between 40% and 0%, in particular between 20% and 10% or 0%, of the projectile length. Compared to that of EP 2 498 045 A1 known full floor, in which an ogive cavity in the area of the front, arched ogive is only in the tip area of the floor, so that a long, solid trunk section is formed behind the ogive cavity, it has surprisingly proven advantageous to have a full floor for practice cartridges with a significantly shortened To form a trunk section or to dispense with a trunk section completely: Surprisingly, the stability of the projectile has not been reduced to such an extent that there is a risk of splinter-like projectile disassembly. The self-loading function of conventional semi-automatic handguns is not affected. With the reduction according to the invention of the axial height of a fully cylindrical trunk section, its tendency to compress is significantly increased, so that when the projectile impacts, its kinetic energy can be converted very quickly and effectively into deformation energy. This significantly improves the safety of the practicing shooter and other people on the shooting range.

According to the invention, which can be combined with the above, the invention relates to a full metal bullet for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the full floor comprising an end-face ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the full bullet in a cartridge case. The ogive section and / or the cylinder section can be designed as described above. In contrast to hunting bullets, for example, where mushrooming is to be accompanied by a petal-like spread of the projectile, it may be desirable for practice cartridges that, to avoid splintering tendency, an essentially symmetrical compression or folding radially inward without a petal-like spreading should occur . A rotationally symmetrical compression or folding without spreading the full storey is made free of steps and / or changes in the rotational symmetry of the ogive cavity Wall thickness of the ogive wall in the circumferential direction, guaranteed. The ogive cavity can preferably be bell-shaped in cross section.

According to the invention, the ogive cavity has a bottom. The bottom of the ogive cavity is preferably arranged at the rear or far from the projectile end. Starting from the bottom of the ogive cavity, a shaft extends into the cylinder section according to the second aspect of the invention. The shaft extending into the cylinder section can have a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity. The deformation cavity of the shaft can be at least partially cylindrical and / or at least partially conical with a taper on the end face. The deformation cavity is preferably heart-shaped or ideally conical.

Since, according to the invention, a full storey is equipped with an interior which, in addition to the ogive cavity, has a further deformation cavity which extends in the axial direction at the rear, radial impact deformation of the practice cartridge full storey becomes over a large part of the length of the storey or even the entire length of the storey favored. The shaft extending from the bottom of the ogive cavity into the cylinder section can also be referred to as a gap or throat. A throat-like shaft can be realized, for example, by a parabolic funnel-shaped tapering starting from the ogive cavity, which provides a capillary-like microchannel in particular. A capillary-like microchannel preferably has a microscopic opening width, in particular less than 1 mm or less than 1/10 mm. The shaft is narrowed or constricted at least in sections along a capillary-like microchannel or capillary section in such a way that the inner wall of the shaft is shaped into a line-like narrowing. A fusion of the metal material of the full storey transversely to its axial direction, in particular while removing the metal grain boundaries, preferably does not take place along the capillary section.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ogive wall has an ogive wall thickness and the full storey in the cylinder section forms an annular deformation sleeve wall in the axial direction, at least in sections, which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness. The deformation sleeve wall thickness is greater than the ogive wall thickness. The ogive wall preferably extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 55% and / or over at most 75%, preferably at most 60%, of the storey length. The axial extent of the deformation sleeve wall preferably spans between the bottom of the ogive cavity and, if present, the trunk section of the full storey or the lowermost end or foot or stern of the full storey. The inside of the deformation sleeve wall circumferentially delimits a preferably rotationally symmetrical one Deformation cavity and / or microchannel. The inside of the annular deformation sleeve wall can have a diagonal clear width, preferably span a clear diameter width, which in particular changes in the axial direction. In a microchannel, the clear width can extend diagonally between the opposite inner sides of the deformation sleeve over 10 µm and 1 µm, for example between 10 µm and 500 µm or about 100 µm. A microchannel can also have a capillary section with an average clear width of less than 10 μm or 1 μm. The tail or foot end of the shaft is preferably shaped like a dome or blind hole at the flat end of the stump.

In the ogive cavity, the clear width can be up to several millimeters. For example, in the case of a full storey according to the invention of 9 mm Luger caliber, an ogive cavity can have a clear width of up to 8 mm, preferably up to 7.5 mm, in particular approximately 7.46 mm.

In particular, the average deformation sleeve thickness (determined in the radial direction via the height of the deformation sleeve section in the axial direction) can be greater than the average ogive wall thickness (determined in the radial direction via the axial height of the ogive section). The smallest deformation sleeve wall thickness is preferably greater than the largest ogive wall thickness. The particularly large or average ogive wall thickness is preferably less than half of the largest outer radius of the full storey, in particular greater than half of the full storey caliber. Alternatively or additionally, the wall sleeve thickness is less than or equal to the radius of the full storey, in particular less than or equal to half the caliber of the full storey. The ogive wall thickness can in particular be less than 1/4 of the largest radius of the full floor, less than 1/8 or less than 1/10 of half the full floor radius. In particular, the ogive wall thickness is less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm or less than 0.8 mm. In particular, the ogive wall thickness is greater than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.3 mm, greater than 0.5 mm or greater than 1 mm. The mean ogive wall thickness is preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thick.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full storey is blunt on the face. A full floor that is blunt on the end can have, for example, a flattened floor end. The opening angle of the obtuse full storey at its frontmost point, which can be referred to as the tip, can preferably be greater than 150 °. The opening angle of the obtuse full storey at its tip is preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, in particular approximately 180 °. An opening angle tangent (on the outside of the floor) can be larger a millimeter axially from the top of a blunt full floor than 120 ° and in particular between 120 ° and 140 °, for example at about 130 °. At a distance of 2 mm in the axial direction from the blunt tip of a full storey, an opening angle tangent (a second location on the outside of the storey) can be greater than 90 °, for example between 90 ° and 110 °, in particular around 100 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full floor has an opening at the end that opens into the ogive cavity. A smallest or inner diameter of the opening is larger than the mean or smallest ogive wall thickness and / or is larger than the opening width of a microchannel and / or larger than 1 mm, 2 mm or even 3 mm. The opening width is preferably less than 7 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 4 mm. Solid storeys with a front opening width of approximately 1.3 mm +/- 0.15 mm are particularly preferred. Surprisingly, such a dimension has resulted in particularly good aerodynamics and advantageous mushrooming behavior, in particular for solid copper bullets.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fully cylindrical trunk section extends in the axial direction over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, or less than 1 mm. Alternatively or additionally, a spherical cap can be left out at the rear end of the full storey, which can be dome-shaped, cone-shaped or frustoconical, for example. The dome is preferably provided coaxially and / or concentrically to the axis of symmetry or axis of rotation A of the full storey. In the presence of a spherical cap, the full material trunk height extends between its apex on the storey end and the rear end of the shaft, which forms the microchannel and / or deformation cavity. The dome is preferably frustoconical or conical with an opening angle between 100 ° and 140 °, preferably about 100 °, and / or a dome depth in the axial direction of at least 0.5 mm or at least 1 mm and at most 2.5 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, especially about 1.5 mm. In particular, the spherical cap is rotationally symmetrical. At the rear end of the cylinder section, a chamfer, preferably a frustoconical chamfer, with an opening angle between 30 ° and 90 °, in particular approximately 60 °, and a chamfer height of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, in particular approximately 0.5 mm, can be provided radially on the outside be trained. The calotte volume is less than 15 mm ³ , preferably less than 10 mm ³ , in particular about 9.8 mm ³ .

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined in particular by the ogive wall, is completely rounded in the axial direction, preferably formed without steps, and / or has only rounded edges. The inner contour of the ogive cavity runs completely in the axial direction smoothly rounded and / or completely free of jumps, so that preferably there is no pronounced notch effect.

According to a preferred embodiment, the full floor corresponds to the 9 mm Luger caliber. With a projectile outer diameter of 9.02 mm in the case of a full projectile formed as a 9 mm Luger caliber, the void volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the front opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel can be between 150 mm ³ and 200 mm ³ , preferably between 185 mm ³ and 192 mm ³ , in particular approximately 189 mm ³ . The mass of a full storey according to the invention of 9 mm Luger caliber can be approximately 6.1 g.

In a preferred embodiment of a full floor according to the invention, this corresponds to a .357 Mag. Caliber, and can have an outer diameter of more than 9.12 mm. In the case of a full storey according to the invention with a .357 Mag. Caliber, the void volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the cavity of the front opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or a microchannel can be between 150 mm ³ and 220 mm ³ , in particular around 196 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment, the full floor according to the invention corresponds to the .40 S&W caliber. A full projectile of the caliber .40 S&W according to the invention can have an outer diameter of 10.17 mm. In the case of a full storey of the .40 S&W caliber according to the invention, the cavity volume can be between 250 mm ³ and 290 mm ³ , preferably between 260 mm ³ and 280 mm ³ , in particular between 270 mm ³ and 273 mm ³ , for example around 271.5 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full floor corresponds to the .44 Rem caliber. Mag. A full storey according to the invention of caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Can have an outer diameter of 10.97 mm. In a full storey according to the invention of caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Can the cavity volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the cavity of the front storey opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or the microchannel between 320 mm ³ and 360 mm ³ and in particular between 330 mm ³ and 350 mm ³ , preferably between 339 mm ³ and 343 mm ³ , more preferably between 340 mm ³ and 341 mm ³ , in particular approximately 340.5 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the full floor corresponds to the .45 ACP caliber. In the case of a projectile of caliber 45 ACP according to the invention, the outer diameter of the projectile can be 11.48 mm. In the case of a full storey of the .45 ACP caliber according to the invention, a cavity volume of the ogive cavity and, if appropriate, an opening volume of a front storey opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel between 370 mm ³ and 410 mm ³ , preferably between 380 mm ³ and 400 mm ³ , in particular between 388 and 393 mm ³ , in particular between 389 mm ³ and 391 mm ³ , preferably about 390.5 mm ³ .

In the metallic full projectile cartridge for exercise cartridges according to the invention, the ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity that is circumferentially bounded by the ogive wall, in particular in the radial direction, preferably completely.

The invention also relates to a tool arrangement according to claim 6.

According to the invention, the preform section is movable relative to the base side for molding a projectile blank up to a preform end position in which the preform stamp, the base side and the projectile blank receptacle define a preform cavity for the preformed projectile blank (first stage). The preform press can comprise a drive for pressing the preform section into a projectile blank arranged in the projectile blank receptacle. The bottom side of the preforming station is preferably realized by a rear stamp which is movable in the axial direction relative to the preform stamp and / or to the projectile blank holder.

According to the invention, in the preform end position, an axial distance between the bottom side of the preform press projectile blank receptacle (the bottom side of the die of the preform station) and the front surface of the preform stamp is less than 45%, in particular less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5%, a largest Height of the cavity in the axial direction. If the preform section of the preform punch is frustoconical, the greatest height of the cavity can extend between the base of the frustoconical shape of the preform punch and a most distant part of the bottom side of the preform press projectile receptacle, preferably the front upper side of the rear punch.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the tool arrangement further comprises an inner contour molding press. The inner contour molding press or inner contour station has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, projectile blank receptacle or inner contour shape outer die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a (inner contour) bottom side, in particular a rear punch. The inner contour molding press can comprise the same projectile blank receptacle and / or the same bottom side, preferably the same rear punch, as the preforming press. The inner contour molding press can comprise a different projectile blank receptacle and / or a different bottom side, preferably a different rear punch, compared to the preforming press. The inner contour molding press comprises an inner contour shaping punch, having an inner contour shaping section that extends in the axial direction to a front surface of the inner contour shaping punch. The inner contour molding section is movable relative to the bottom side of the inner contour molding press for shaping the projectile blank up to an inner contour form end position in which the inner contour shaping stamp, the bottom side and the projectile blank receptacle form an inner contour mold cavity for the internally contoured projectile blank ( second stage). The bottom side of the inner contour forming station is preferably realized by a rear stamp which is movable in the axial direction relative to the inner contour forming stamp and / or to the projectile blank holder.

The inner contour shaping punch can have an inner contour shaping punch guide section which is designed to complement the shape of the projectile blank receptacle of the inner contour press in the radial direction and which in particular adjoins the inner contour shaping section in the axial direction. The inner contour molding press can have a drive for pressing the inner contour molding section into a projectile blank arranged in the projectile blank receptacle. The drive of the inner contour molding press can be the same or a different drive than that of the preforming press.

According to the preferred embodiment of the tool arrangement according to the invention, an axial distance between the bottom and the front surface of the inner contour press is greater than the axial section between the bottom of the preform press and the front surface of the preform punch in the preform end position, in particular in the inner contour end position. The use of different preform pressing and inner contour pressing tools allows a projectile blank to be formed into a preforming step without cutting, in particular by cold forming at least in sections or completely in the form of a sleeve by punching or punching, and to introduce a predefined internal contour into the projectile blank in an internal contouring step. By using different tools, the desired inner contours can be produced particularly precisely, in particular by introducing the desired preload.

According to a preferred development of a press arrangement according to the invention, the front surface of the inner contour molding die can be formed as a blunt cone tip, in particular with rounded front edge edges. A blunt cone tip can have an opening angle between 140 ° and 180 °, for example between 150 ° and 170 °, in particular approximately 160 °. If an inner contour form stamp with a blunt cone tip and sleeve form section with a substantially cylindrical outer contour (or a rounded front edge) is provided, it can be referred to as a round stamp. The rounded front edge can have a radius of curvature of at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 1.5 mm or at least 2 mm and / or at most 10 mm, at most 5 mm, at most 3 mm or at most 2.5 mm. An ogive radius of curvature near the tip is preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular approximately 3.1 mm. Near the cylinder section, an ogive radius of curvature is between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 30 mm, in particular approximately 23.5 mm.

According to a preferred development of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour shaped section can be formed in sections, preferably completely, in the axial direction as a sleeve shaped section with an essentially cylindrical or frustoconical outer contour. An essentially cylindrical outer contour can have a draft angle of less than 1 °, in particular less than 0.5 °. For example, an essentially cylindrical sleeve-shaped section can have a cylinder radius difference of approximately 0.03 mm with a cylinder length of approximately 6 mm. The inner contour molding section, in particular adjacent to a possibly provided guide section of the inner contour molding die, for example as described above, can have a truncated cone-shaped transition section which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour molding section to the guide section, the transition section preferably having an opening angle between 60 and 120 °, in particular 90 °.

In a preferred development of the tool arrangement according to the invention, which can be combined with the previous one (s), the taper of the preform section is the Preform stamp more pointed than the preferably tapered outer contour (or substantially cylindrical outer contour) of the inner contour molding section, in particular the sleeve molding section of the inner contour molding die. It is clear that a sharper contour has a smaller opening angle than a blunt outer contour. According to this preferred development of the tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour shaping punch is shorter and blunt in relation to the preform punch. The preform stamp is preferably frustoconical, in particular with a flat front surface and a rounded front surface edge, and longer in the axial direction than the length of the inner contour mold stamp. The inner contour shaping stamp can preferably be embodied essentially in the form of a full cylinder with a blunt front surface and a rounded front edge. The inner contour stamp is preferably rotationally symmetrical. The form stamp allows the blank to be largely or completely pierced in the axial direction. The inner contour shaping stamp enables a part of the material of the full storey blank to be compressed, forming a shoulder, and the section-wise formation of a sleeve section with a relatively large-volume inner cavity, which can be formed into an ogive cavity with one or more other tools of the tool arrangement is.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the tool arrangement further comprises a setting press or setting station which has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, metal blank holder or setting die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a bottom side, which is preferably realized by a rear punch is. Die or metal blank receptacle and bottom side (setting rear punch) of the setting press can in turn differ from the projectile blank receptacle and / or the bottom side of the preform press and / or the inner contour molding press (preform and / or inner contour shape rear punch), or the same (s) be. When the tool arrangement is designed with setting presses, it also has a setting punch which can be moved relative to the bottom side of the setting press for forming a metal blank up to a final setting position in which the setting punch and the projectile blank receptacle have a setting cavity with a predetermined clearance Form width to define a constant outer diameter, in particular the caliber diameter, of the metal blank. The bottom side of the setting station is preferably realized by a rear punch which is movable in the axial direction relative to the setting punch and / or the die.

Preferably, the setting punch comprises a centering knob which is coaxial with the metal blank receptacle and / or the bottom side and protrudes axially into the cavity for introducing a central, coaxial centering recess into the metal blank. As an alternative or in addition, the bottom side of the setting press has a particularly relative to the metal blank holder and / or the setting punch coaxial, in the axial direction A protruding into the cavity dome shape for introducing a dome into the blank, which is preferably conical, frustoconical or dome-shaped.

Additionally or alternatively, the bottom side of the blank receptacle of the setting press can have a circumferential wedge shape radially on the outside for forming a projectile rear chamfer for inserting the projectile into the neck of a cartridge case and / or for forming a so-called "boat tail".

According to a preferred embodiment, which can be combined with the previous ones, a tool arrangement according to the invention further comprises an ogive molding press or ogive molding station which has a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle or ogive die, which in the axial direction has a concave, ogive-shaped base side, preferably a tip stamp, is limited in particular with a blunt front end, and which has a projectile foot or rear stamp for holding and / or centering the foot end (the rear) of the inner contour-shaped projectile blank, which relative to the bottom side for forming the full storey to an ogive form end position is movable, in which the projectile base stamp, the projectile blank receptacle and the bottom side define a cavity which defines a projectile negative with an ogive section and preferably immediately adjacent cylinder section.

The invention further relates to a method according to claim 11.

Alternatively or additionally, a setting tool, such as a setting press or setting station, can be used to provide the metal blank. When a metal blank is provided using a setting tool, for example a metal blank with a predetermined mass, for example a mass precisely measured to 1/10 g, 1/100 g or 1/1000 g, can be provided, which in a setting step subsequent to this assembly step a setting tool, preferably a setting press, in particular as described above, is brought to a predetermined nominal diameter. The metal blank provided is in particular provided with a fully cylindrical shape. If the metal blank is provided using a setting tool, a frusto-conical centering cutout, for example, can be made on the face side of the metal blank as part of the setting step. When a setting step is carried out, it can be formed on the foot-side end of the metal blank, which in the course of the manufacturing process is converted into a foot-side projectile part which is to be inserted into the neck of a practice cartridge case. When the metal blank is made available, a dome and / or an outside bevel or boat-tail shape can be formed, for example, in the setting step, for example on the rear side of the metal blank.

According to the invention, the metal blank is formed in a preforming step into a projectile blank (first stage) with a sleeve-shaped section that extends over more than half the size of the axial blank height at the end of the preforming step, in particular the sleeve-shaped section having a preferably continuously tapering inner contour is formed. The inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section of the projectile blank of the first stage can preferably be shaped like a truncated cone and / or rotationally symmetrically. It is clear that the taper tapers towards the foot end of the blank. The thickness of the sleeve wall in the axial direction of the projectile blank of the first stage preferably increases in particular steadily. In the preforming step, the metal blank is preferably formed into a projectile blank with a substantially cylindrical outside having a constant diameter, forming an internally sleeve-shaped section with a preferably conically tapering inside contour.

During the preforming step, a fully cylindrical trunk section can remain on the rear side of the projectile blank, which extends in the axial direction over less than half, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5% of the largest axial projectile blank height . If, for example, the projectile blank is formed as described above, the greatest axial projectile blank height extends between the upper ring end and the lower ring end of the projectile blank. A fully cylindrical trunk section of the projectile blank preferably remains after the preforming step. Alternatively, in the preforming step, the projectile blank of the first stage may have been completely deformed in the manner of a sleeve in such a way that the projectile blank (first stage), in particular with the formation of an axial passage, was completely penetrated in the axial direction. A completely penetrated projectile blank is (not just in sections but) completely sleeve-shaped. If a spherical cap or the like is or has been formed on the foot or rear, it is clear that this spherical cap has a different inner contour than the preferably continuously tapering inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section formed in the preforming step having. In the completely penetrated alternative embodiment, the first stage projectile blank is formed without a remaining fully cylindrical trunk section or with a remaining fully cylindrical trunk section of zero height. In the preforming step, the nominal diameter of the outside of the metal blank is preferably kept unchanged in the first stage projectile blank produced by the preforming step.

In a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention, the (preformed) projectile blank (first stage) is shaped into an (internally contoured) projectile blank (second stage) in an inner contour shaping step after the preforming step, in such a way that an end-face or front sleeve section of the projectile blank with a radially outer sleeve wall of substantially constant wall thickness and / or cylindrical inner contour is formed, and that a rear or foot-side sleeve section of the projectile blank is formed with a shoulder projecting radially inward from the sleeve wall, and that one of the shoulder, in particular on its radially inner edge outgoing shaft is formed, which extends into the rear sleeve section of the projectile blank, which shaft forms in particular a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity, the deformation cavity being cylindrical and / or at least sectionally at least in sections partly conical with a taper on the face.

The inner contour shaping step can preferably take place with a tapering and / or rotationally symmetrical inner contour shaping stamp, such as a round stamp, preferably in a projectile blank receptacle or die. The diameter of the cylindrical outer surface of the projectile blank is preferably maintained in the inner contour molding step.

At the end of the inner contour shaping step, a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder of the projectile blank second stage and a lowermost end of the internally contour-shaped projectile blank, which can also be referred to as the rear or foot, is preferably greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical one that may be present at the end of the preforming step Trunk section of the projectile blank. The opposite shoulder surfaces are preferably in contact with one another at the end of a microchannel. The projectile blank of the second stage can be formed in the inner contour molding step with the formation of a capillary-like microchannel with an internal width of less than 10 μm or 1 μm. In the inner contour molding step, an hourglass-shaped constriction is preferably formed between the front-end sleeve section and the deformation cavity of the projectile blank, which may be at the rear. While of the inner contour shaping step, the shaft extending rearward from the shoulder can be reshaped in such a way that a cavity is formed which is at least partially dissolved in the course of the inner contour shaping step, in particular with the formation of a microchannel, in that the inner surface of the shaft is close, preferably to to a section-wise or two-dimensional contact.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the projectile blank (second stage) is formed in the inner contour molding step in such a way that the deformation cavity forms a waist-shaped constriction on the end face. When the waist-shaped constriction is formed, a microchannel is formed in particular between the deformation cavity and the shoulder, in which the inner wall surface of the sleeve section is brought together in a particularly touching manner.

Alternatively or additionally, according to a preferred development of the invention, a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder and the foot of the projectile blank (second stage) can be greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical trunk section of the projectile blank (first stage) which may be present at the end of the preforming step.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises an ogive molding step. In an ogive molding step, which can take place after the preforming step and in particular after the inner contour molding step, the projectile blank, in particular the projectile blank of the second stage, is shaped in such a way that the end-side sleeve wall forms an ogive-shaped outer surface, at least in sections. In particular, an end opening can be maintained, which preferably opens into an ogive cavity defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall. The ogive cavity can preferably be defined on the face side by the shoulder. The ogive molding step can be carried out, for example, in that the projectile blank of the first or second stage is pressed into an ogive molding tool with an ogive-shaped inner contour by means of a rear punch, which holds the projectile blank on the rear side, so that the front sleeve wall, which is caused by the preforming step and, if appropriate, the inner contour molding step is defined, is compressed radially inwards. In the ogive molding step, an ogive cavity is preferably formed, which is surrounded by the sleeve wall of the full story. In the ogive molding step, the projectile blank (first or second stage) is preferably formed into a full projectile, in particular as described above. The ogive cavity formed in the ogive molding step is preferably formed completely edge-free in the axial direction and / or with rounded edges and / or a rounded inner contour. For example, the ogive cavity can be made substantially bell-shaped in the ogive molding step.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, which can be combined with the embodiments or further developments of the method as described above, the preforming step, the inner contour molding step and / or ogive molding step, and optionally the cutting step and / or the setting step that may be carried out Step without cutting, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing. A non-cutting inner contour shaping step can take place, for example, using a preferably tapered, in particular rotationally symmetrical inner contour shaping punch, such as a round punch, in a projectile blank receptacle or die.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention for producing a full metal bullet for exercise cartridges further comprises one or more intermediate and / or post-treatment steps, such as coating steps. In one or more coating steps, a coating is applied to the outer and / or inner surface, at least in sections, in particular completely. A coating is preferably applied with a coating thickness of less than 500 μm, less than 100 μm, less than 10 μm or less than 3 μm or 1 μm. A coating step can include, for example, galvanic coating of the full floor.

The method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for practice cartridges can in particular be used to produce a metallic full projectile according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention. The method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for exercise cartridges can preferably be carried out using a tool arrangement according to the invention for producing metallic full storeys for exercise cartridges. It is clear that a metallic full floor according to the invention (in particular according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention) can be manufactured according to one or more steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention. The invention also relates to a projectile which was produced using a method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for practice cartridges as described above. A metallic full floor according to the invention can preferably be manufactured with a tool arrangement according to the invention.

The tool arrangement according to the invention is preferably designed to generate a full floor according to the invention in accordance with the first and / or second aspect of the invention. In particular, the tool arrangement according to the invention can be designed to carry out a manufacturing method according to the invention.

The invention also relates to a cartridge with one, in particular exactly one, full floor according to the invention. The invention further relates to a handgun, preferably a handgun, such as a pistol or a revolver, or a submachine gun, which comprises at least five practice cartridges with a metal bullet according to the invention. The handgun or the full projectile is preferably designed for cartridges with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular at most 12 mm. In particular, the cartridge or handgun for the caliber 9 mm Luger, .357 Mag., .40S & W, .44 Rem. Mag. Or .45 ACP.

Fig. 1a

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Vollgeschoss gemäß einer ersten Ausführung;

Fig. 1b

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Schnittlinie I.-I. eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses gemäß Figur 1a;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 6

eine Schnittansicht eines anderen erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Schnittansicht eines benutzten erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;

Fig. 8

eine Setzpresse einer Werkzeug-Anordnung;

Fig. 9a

eine Vorform-Presse einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeug-Anordnung;

Fig. 9b

ein vorgeformter Geschossrohling;

Fig. 9c

ein anderer vorgeformter Geschossrohling;

Fig. 10a

eine Innenkontur-Formpresse;

Fig. 10b

ein innenkonturgeformter Geschossrohling; und

Fig. 11

eine Ogiven-Formpresse.

Further properties, advantages and features of the invention are explained by the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1a

a plan view of a full floor according to the invention according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 1b

a sectional view according to section line I.-I. of a full floor according to the invention Figure 1a ;

Fig. 2

a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a sectional view of another full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a schematic sectional view of a used full floor according to the invention;

Fig. 8

a setting press of a tool arrangement;

Fig. 9a

a preform press of a tool arrangement according to the invention;

Fig. 9b

a preformed projectile blank;

Fig. 9c

another preformed bullet blank;

Fig. 10a

an inner contour molding press;

Fig. 10b

an internally contour-shaped projectile blank; and

Fig. 11

an ogive molding press.

Figure 1a shows a plan view of a full floor 1 and Figure 1b a sectional view according to section line II. The full floor 1 comprises an end-face ogive section 3 and a bottom-side cylinder section 5. As in the section view according to FIG Figure 1b is clearly visible, the full floor 1 is made in one piece from a homogeneous material. The material of the full floor 1 is preferably copper. The surface of the projectile 1 can be provided with a thin coating. In the ogive section 3, the projectile 1 has an ogive-like, rotationally symmetrical outer contour 34 which is pierced by a circular opening 11 on the end face 13 of the projectile 1. At the tip or forehead 13 of the projectile 1, the opening 11 with the opening diameter do is provided concentrically and preferably rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1. Starting from the projectile tip 13, the ogive wall 31 extends in a dome-like manner with an ogive-shaped outer contour 34. The outer contour 34 describes in the axial direction A, starting from the projectile tip 13, a continuously rounded ogive shape. Near the tip 3, the projectile 1 has a radius of curvature of approximately 3.1 mm. Near the cylinder section, the radius of curvature of the outer contour 34 is approximately 23.5 mm.

The opening angle of the outer contour 34 with respect to the axis of rotation A is initially obtuse (near the projectile tip 13), so that in particular as a result of the front opening 11, a obtuse projectile tip 13 is formed with an opening angle of 150 ° to 180 °, preferably approximately 180 °. Starting from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1, the opening angle of the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 preferably increases continuously.

In which Figure 1 Full floor 1 shown, the opening angle based on a tangent of the outer contour 34 at an axial distance of approximately 1 mm from the blunt tip 13 of the floor 1 is between 120 ° and 140 °, in particular approximately 130 °.

At a distance of approximately 2 mm in the axial direction A from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1, the tangential opening angle is between 110 ° and 90 °, in particular approximately 100 °. At the in Figure 1 Full floor 1 shown, the ogive-shaped outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 runs in such a way that after about 8 mm to 11 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 10 mm, in particular at approximately 9.6 mm, the tangent oriented in the axial direction A on the outer contour 34 runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1. From this point, the outer contour 34 extends in the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1. In the cylinder section 5, the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 runs essentially ideally in a cylindrical manner. In the cylinder section 5, the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 is arranged essentially continuously parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1. The cylinder section 5 defines the largest diameter Dz, which can be referred to as the bullet diameter or the caliber diameter. The outer diameter Dz of a bullet for a 9 mm Luger caliber training cartridge can measure 9.02 mm. The cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is intended to be inserted at least partially in the axial direction A into the neck (not shown) of a cartridge case (not shown).

The cylinder section extends in the axial direction of the projectile 1 over 5 mm to 10 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, in particular between 7 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 7.2 mm and 7.8 mm, particularly preferably it is approximately 7.5 mm.

At the end 71 of the projectile 1 remote from the tip or end face 13, the projectile 1 has a flat foot section or foot that extends transversely, in particular at right angles to the axis of rotation A. A spherical cap 73 can be introduced into the foot 71 of the projectile 1, which is preferably coaxial and concentric with the rotation axis A. The spherical cap 73 is preferably conical and tapers on the end face. A spherical taper 73 may alternatively be dome-shaped or frustoconical, for example. The calotte 73 preferably has a depth of 1.5 mm in the axial direction A.

The rear edge 75 between the flat rear 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the region of the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is preferably realized by a bevel-like cone section 75. The cone section 75 can for example extend 1 mm in the axial direction A and have an opening angle of preferably approximately 60 °. A cone section 75 can also be formed as a longer and / or more pointed so-called "boat-tail" section.

The projectile 1 has a bell-shaped, rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity 33, which is completely surrounded in the radial direction R by the ogive wall 31. At the face end, the ogive cavity 33 opens into the opening 11 of the projectile 1. The narrowest clear width of the opening 11 defines an opening diameter do, which is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm, in size. The inner wall 15 of the opening 11 surrounds the opening 11 in a ring shape. The inner wall 15 preferably forms a radial one in the circumferential direction and / or axially stepless ring edge. In particular, the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 can merge into the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 without edges and / or completely rounded. As in FIG Figure 1a The top view of the projectile 1 shown clearly can be seen, the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 is uninterrupted in the circumferential direction. The inner wall 15 is preferably free of axially extending notches and / or steps. The tip 13 of the projectile 1 is preferably formed by an essentially smooth annular transition from the inner wall 15 to the outer contour 34.

The opening 11 opens into the ogive cavity 33 in the axial direction A. The transition from the opening 11 to the ogive cavity 33 can preferably be completely rounded. In the illustrated execution of a floor according to Figure 1b a blunt ring edge is formed between the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11 with an obtuse opening angle greater than 135 °.

The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31, which defines the shape of the ogive cavity 33 circumferentially, is continuously rounded in the axial direction A. The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 is preferably completely rotationally symmetrical and in particular continuously rounded in the circumferential direction. In the circumferential direction, the inner contour 32, which surrounds the ogive cavity 33, has no steps, jumps, edges or projections. The ogive wall 31 is circumferentially preferably completely free of axial grooves, projections, notches or the like.

The bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 is formed by shoulders 35, which protrude inwards from the ogive wall 31 in the radial direction. The curves of the inner contour 32 preferably merge into the floor 35 without steps and / or without edges, preferably completely rounded. The curves of the inner contour 32 along the ogive wall 31 are preferably formed with radii of curvature that are at least 0.5 mm and up to 5 mm in size. The inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 preferably has radii of curvature which are at least 0.5, at least 0.75 or at least 1 mm in size.

The wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 in the radial direction R is preferably between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. In particular, the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The smallest wall thickness in the radial direction of the ogive wall 31 is preferably more than 0.5 mm, preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. The wall thickness can be greater than 1 mm across the wall.

A full storey 1 according to the invention can have a cavity which comprises the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11, which extends completely in the axial direction A at least over the ogive section 3.

The inwardly projecting shoulder 35, which defines the bottom of the ogive cavity 33, and which preferably delimits the ogive cavity 33 on the foot side in particular completely in the axial direction A, can have an opening or opening 37 in the center. The height of the ogive section 3 in the axial direction A has the reference symbol lo. The mouth 37 is preferably concentric and / or coaxial with the axial direction A. Starting from the mouth 37, a shaft 55 extends into the cylinder section 5 of the floor 1 in the axial direction A on the foot side of the ogive cavity 33. The shaft 55 begins at the foot of the ogive cavity 33. The shaft 55 can extend into the ogive cavity with a throat-like opening or mouth 37 33 open. The in Figure 1b Shaft 55 shown has a microchannel 57 and a deformation cavity 53. In the area of the microchannel 57, the diagonally opposite inner edge edge sections collide. A capillary section can be formed in the area of the microchannel 57, in which a channel extends in the axial direction A, starting from the ogive cavity 33 on the storey side, which has a clear width of less than 10 μm or less than 1 μm. The microchannel 57 has a clear width which is preferably significantly smaller than the opening diameter do of the opening 11 at the tip 13 of the projectile 1. The clear width of the microchannel 57 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm.

The shaft mouth 37 can, for example, form a kind of funnel-shaped transition region between the shaft 55 and the ogive cavity 33. The bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 preferably merges into the mouth 37 rounded, in particular step-free and / or edge-free. The mouth 37 preferably merges into the further sections, for example the microchannel 57 and / or the deformation cavity 53, of the shaft 55.

At the foot of the microchannel 57, the shaft 55 has a deformation cavity 53 which widens essentially conically in the rear direction. The deformation cavity 53 has an essentially flat rear end in the axial direction A, preferably a flat end which extends transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the axial direction A in the radial direction R. In the direction of the tip or end face, the deformation cavity 53 is wedge-shaped, in particular conical, and tapers.

The shaft 55 is at least in sections or in the axial direction rotationally symmetrical with respect to the projectile axis A. In the radial direction R, the shaft 55 is surrounded by a deformation sleeve wall 51 of the projectile 1. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31. In particular, the smallest wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the greatest radial wall thickness of the ogive wall 31. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 can be between half and ¼ of the cylinder diameter (or: caliber diameter) Dz. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is preferably greater than 2/3, greater than ¾ or even greater than 90% of half (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz.

The wall thickness of the ogive wall in the axial region of the ogive cavity 33 is preferably smaller in the middle than ¼ of the (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz.

The axial height l _{H of} the deformation sleeve wall 51, which surrounds the shaft 55, extends in the axial direction between 5 and 10 mm, preferably between 6 and 9 mm, in particular between 7 and 8 mm, preferably starting from the shoulder bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 The axial height of the deformation cavity 53 is greater than the length of the microchannel section 57. In particular, the axial height of the deformation cavity 53 can be at least twice the axial height of the microchannel 57.

The cylinder section 5 extends from the foot or rear 71 of the projectile to the ogive section 3 over 3 mm to 10 mm (height lz), preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, in particular over about 6 mm.

The calotte preferably has a rear outer diameter of 4 to 6 mm, in particular 5 mm. Instead of the truncated cone section 75 shown, the edge between the rear 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 can be completely rounded in the region of the cylinder section 5, in particular with a radius of curvature between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 1 mm. Since in the cylinder section 5 there is a deformation cavity 53 which widens at the rear, and optionally a calotte 73, it can be achieved that the center of gravity of the projectile 1 shifts in the axial direction A in the direction of the end face of the projectile 1. The deformation cavity 53 and optionally the spherical cap 73 serve or serve in this respect as a mass balance relative to the ogive cavity 33 provided on the end face. By adjusting the axial balance of the center of gravity of the projectile, its flight characteristics can be optimized. For example, a projectile for projectile cartridges according to the invention can be designed to achieve similar ballistic properties, such as weight, possibly center of gravity, and / or the feeling of shooting, corresponding to practice cartridges or insert cartridges customary for authorities, for example the 9x19 ACTION 4 ammunition.

This in Figure 1b and Figure 1a The full storey 1 shown has a solid, fully cylindrical storey trunk 7 or trunk section, in which the storey is designed in the axial direction A in the form of a solid, in particular void-free, full cylinder. The trunk 7 has, in particular in the middle, coaxial to the projectile axis A, no cavity, in particular no cavity that extends axially in the form of a thin capillary channel with the formation of inner edges. The fully cylindrical stem 7 preferably has an ideally cylindrical outside. In an alternative embodiment of a projectile with a boat tail, the trunk 7 can be frustoconical at least in sections on the outside. In a cross section, in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1, the trunk cross section 7 is circular. The height of the trunk 7 between the rear 71 or a calotte 73 formed in the rear 71 and the rear end of the deformation cavity 53 (trunk height ls) is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm. According to an alternative embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the projectile can be completely penetrated in the axial direction without a trunk. Such floors are described in more detail below.

The Figures 2 to 6 show different alternative designs of full floors for practice cartridges according to the invention. The in the Figures 2 to 6 full floors shown largely correspond to that in Figure 1b illustrated full floor. The full floors of the Figures 2 to 6 differ from the full floor 1 according to Figure 1b by the type, shape and size of the shaft extending from the ogive cavity into the cylinder section of the projectile. The full floors of the Figures 1b to 6 have practically the same outer contour, in particular the same dimensions in the axial direction A and / or radial direction R. For easier readability of the description of the figures, the following is used for the Figures 2 to 6 the same or similar reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts of the full floor according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows a full floor 1.2, which is according to the full floor 1 Figure 1b essentially differs in that the inner walls of the shaft 55.2 are brought together in the axial direction A over a greater length than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2.

In the case of the full storey 1.2, the axial height of the microchannel section 57.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2, in particular at least twice as large. In the case of the full storey 1.2, the shaft 55.2 has a throat-like opening 37.2 which widens in a funnel shape from the microchannel 57.2 to the bottom 35.2 of the ogive cavity 33. Between the foot-side end of the deformation cavity 53.2 tapering conically at the end face and the calotte 73 at the foot 71 of the projectile 1.2, the projectile 1.2 has a trunk 7.2. The axial height of the trunk 7.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2. A deformation floor 1.2 according to Figure 2 can arise, for example, in that a deformation storey 1, as in figure 1b is shown to be manufactured, but more metal material is provided for manufacture. The excess material compared to the shape of the full storey 1 is tolerated in the full storey 1.2 in that the opposite inner side sections of the shaft 55.2 are pushed closer to one another in the radial direction R.

Figure 3 shows a full floor 1.3 with a tubular shaft 55.3. The shaft 55.3 of the full storey 1.3 forms a deformation tube 58.3 which extends in the axial direction A coaxially to the axis of rotation A of the full storey 1.3 and has an essentially constant clear width. The deformation tube 58.3 can have a constriction in the middle in the axial direction. The shaft 55.3 has a deformation cavity 53.3 which extends essentially over the entire length of the shaft 55.3 up to its mouth 37.3. The deformation tube 58.3 or the microchannel of the full storey 1.3 can be viewed as a sectionally cylindrical deformation cavity 53.3 which merges into the ogive cavity 33 at the mouth 37.3. The deformation sleeve 51.3 of the full storey 1.3 has a cylindrical outside and an almost cylindrical, waisted inside, which defines the deformation tube 58.3. The greatest clear width of the deformation tube 58.3 is smaller than the clear width of the front opening 11, in particular narrower than half, preferably narrower than 1/4 of the clear width. The wall thickness in the radial direction R of the deformation sleeve 51.3 is greater than the average wall thickness of the O-given sleeve 31.3.

Figure 4 shows a full floor 1.4 for a practice cartridge, in which the shaft 55.4 is formed in the axial direction A with the formation of a trunk 7.4 as long as the shaft 55.3 of the full floor 1.3 according to Figure 3 . The shaft 55.4 is narrowed along its entire axial length to a microchannel 57.4 which preferably extends in a capillary-like manner from the mouth 37.4 into the cylinder section 5 of the full storey 1.4. The clear width of the microchannel 57.4 is preferably less than 1/10, in particular less than 1/100, of the clear width of the front opening 11 of the full story 1.4. The shoulders 35.4 of the full storey 1.4 are brought together so that the mouth 37.4 of the shaft 55.4 is narrowed at points. The full floor 1.4 is formed with virtually complete dissolution of the deformation cavity. This can be seen as a further narrowing of the shaft 55.4 compared to the shaft 55.2 of the full floor 1.2 or the shaft 55 of the full floor 1. Compared to the full storeys 1, 1.2 and 1.3, the full storey 1.4 has an increased full material volume, since the cylinder section 5 of the full storey 1.4, despite the formation of a deformation sleeve section 51.4, has practically the same mass as the full storey known from the prior art (which, however, does not have any Deformation sleeve 51.4).

Opposite the in the Figures 1b to 4 full floors 1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 shown differ in the Figures 5 and 6 Full floors 1.5 and 1.6 shown in that the shaft 55.5 or 55.6 completely penetrates the cylinder section 5 of the floor 1.5 or 1.6. The full floors 1.5 and 1.6 do not have a cylindrical trunk section. In other words, a fully cylindrical trunk section in the in the Figures 5 and 6 full floors 1.5 and 1.6 shown the height zero.

The full floor 1.5, which in Figure 5 is shown, has a tubular shaft 55.5 which has a clear width which is almost constant in the axial direction and which extends completely through the cylinder section 5. The continuous deformation tube 58.5 of the full storey 1.5 has the result that the cylinder section 5 is completely implemented as a deformation sleeve 51.5. The deformation tube 58.5 can be viewed as a deformation cavity 53.5 or shaft 55.5, which extends essentially cylindrically from the mouth 37.5 to the calotte 73 of the full storey 1.5. It is clear that a shaft 55.5 penetrating completely into the floor can also extend to the rear 71 of floor 1.5 if no calotte 73 is provided on the rear side of floor 1.5 (not shown). The same applies to shaft 55.6 according to Figure 6 . The floor 1.5 can be described as a completely tubular full floor. It has a continuous axial channel, which is composed of the front opening 11, the ogive cavity 33 and the deformation tube 58.5. The smallest clear width of this axial channel corresponds to the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5. The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 or the microchannel of the full storey 1.5 defines a diameter smaller than that of the front opening. The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm. The greatest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably realized at its transition to the ogive cavity (the mouth 37.5) and / or the opening on the calotte side or the rear side and preferably measures less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm. The radial difference between the smallest clear width and the largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 penetrating the cylinder section 5 is preferably less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 200 μm, in particular less than 100 μm.

At the in Figure 6 Full floor 1.6 shown, the shaft 55.6, which completely penetrates the cylinder section 5 in the axial direction A, tapers in sections to form a microchannel 57.6. The microchannel 57.6 can preferably be formed in a capillary-like manner with a clear width of less than 10 μm, preferably less than 1 μm. The capillary-like section of the microchannel 57.6 preferably extends over at least half, preferably at least 2/3, in particular at least ¾ of the axial length of the Shaft 55.6. The shaft 55.6 can be widened at the end, at the mouth 37.6, and / or at the rear, at the mouth to the calotte 37 or the projectile tail 71, to form a tube-like or tube-like microchannel 57.6. Similar to that in Figure 4 The full floor 1.4 shown has the full floor 1.6 according to Figure 6 practically the same mass as the solid bullet for exercise cartridges known from the prior art (which, however, has no deformation sleeve 51.6 or the like).

Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a full storey 1 'according to the invention after its impact on a target or a bulletproof vest, such as a ballistic vest of protection class I. The full storey 1' deformed by the impact is both in the area of the ogive section 3 'and in the area of the cylinder section 5 'significantly compressed. The shaft 55 ', which extends into the cylinder section 5' of the full storey 1 ', is widened by the impact of the storey 1' on the target or the like with plastic deformation. In contrast to the known full storeys, the plastic deformation takes place in the form of an upsetting and over a significantly increased axial length in the axial direction A of the full storey 1 ', so that in the full storey according to the invention, its kinetic energy in the case of an impact with a resistance in a relatively greater efficiency in plastic deformation energy is converted than with conventional bullets. In the event of an impact on a resistance, in particular a soft target, such as SK I, there is only a slight transverse deformation of the projectile. The ogive sleeve wall 31 preferably folds radially outwards on impact. A radially outermost ring kink 31 'can form during folding. Preferably the bullet does not mushroom while the tip of the bullet migrates, in particular beyond the radial caliber diameter, in the radial direction to the outside. In the event of an impact on the resistance, the shaft 55 'widens in the radial direction R both in the region of the microchannel section 57' which may be present and in the region of any deformation cavity 53 'which may be present. In the full storey 1 'according to the invention, both the ogive sleeve wall 31' and the deformation sleeve wall 51 'deform.

The full floors described above according to the preferred embodiments of the Figures 1 to 7 concern bullets for practice cartridges according to the caliber 9 mm Luger, which is particularly common in Germany, also known as 9 mm Para or 9 x 19 (mm). It is clear to the person skilled in the art that he can also generate a corresponding floor geometry for a full floor according to the invention for other calibers. The person skilled in the art knows how to scale the projectile length l _D and / or the (caliber) projectile diameter Dz in order to arrive at a corresponding full projectile of another caliber according to the invention, for example the .357 Mag. Caliber, the caliber. 40 S&W, caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Or the .45 ACP caliber.

In the following, with the help of Figures 8 to 11 describes a tool arrangement according to the invention for carrying out a production method according to the invention for the production of metallic full projectiles for exercise cartridges according to the invention.

Figure 8 shows a setting press 100, which can be part of a tool arrangement according to the invention. The setting press 100 has, as essential components, a metal blank receptacle 105X, a rear stamp with a bottom side 107x and a setting stamp 115x. The setting punch 115x preferably has a cylindrical outer diameter which essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x. The inner diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x is preferably dimensioned in accordance with the desired caliber diameter of the projectile to be produced.

Figure 8 shows a setting press 100 in a position in which the setting punch 115 is arranged in its operationally most widely inserted position with respect to the bottom side 107X or the metal blank receptacle 105x (final setting position). A cavity is formed between the front side 113x of the setting die 115x, the cylindrical inside of the metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107X, in which a metal blank 1x is located. The in Figure 8 The metal blank 1x shown has a centering punch, which is introduced through a centering projection of the setting press 100 on the end face 13x of the metal blank 1x. On the rear side 71x of the metal blank 1x opposite its front side 13x, the fully cylindrical metal blank 1x has a dome-shaped indentation in the center and concentrically through a correspondingly shaped, conical dome-shaped nose 173x on the bottom side 107x, i.e. the front side of the rear stamp. Radially on the outside, the metal blank 1x has a phase-like truncated cone section 75x on its rear side 71x, which is arranged in the edge region between the rear 71x and the cylindrical peripheral side 5x of the metal blank 1x. The phase-side truncated cone section 75x is defined by corresponding tapering in the transition area between the rear punch and the cylindrical inner wall of the setting die 105x.

To set the metal blank 1x in the setting press 100, an essentially cylindrical metal blank (not shown) is provided, which has been cut to length from a copper wire, for example. The cutting can be done by cutting, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting. The cut metal blank is then placed in the metal blank holder 105x. Then there is a relative movement of the setting punch 115x relative to the bottom side 107X until the cavity between the setting punch 115x, the die or metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107x to that in FIG Figure 8 shown final setting position is reduced. The bottom side 107x of the press is formed by the front upper side of a rear stamp. The metal blank is shaped into the in the setting press Figure 8 represented metal blank 1x by press forming, i.e. cold forming. The setting of the metal blank, which is used for forming a projectile, in particular in a setting press 100, is an optional step of the manufacturing method according to the invention. A metal blank can also be provided in a preform press or for a preforming step without a previous setting step, immediately after being cut to length from a metal wire, such as a copper wire.

Figure 9a shows a preform press 101 of a tool arrangement according to the invention. The Figures 9b and 9c show projectile blanks 1a, 1a '(first stage), which were manufactured in a preform press.

The preform press 101 has, as essential components, a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105a and a bottom side 107a, which delimits the projectile blank receptacle 105a in the axial direction A, and a preform punch 111 with a preform section 112 tapering in the shape of a truncated cone in the axial direction to a front surface 113. The preform punch 111 has a cylindrical one Guide section 115, which is shaped to complement the cylindrical inner diameter of the projectile blank receptacle 105a in order to guide the preform stamp during the preform pressing process. The bottom surface 107a is formed as part of a rear stamp. The ejection stamp or rear stamp defines, preferably together with the lower end section of the preforming die 105a, the geometry of the rear 71 (optionally with a spherical cap 73) of the projectile blank 1a, 1a '(first stage).

Figure 9a shows the preform press 101 with the preform punch 111 in the operational end position (preform end position), in which a preform cavity between the preform punch, the projectile blank receptacle 105a and the bottom side 107a for defining the inner and / or outer contour of the projectile blank 1a (first Level) is defined. To form a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity, the preform section 112 of the preform punch 111 is in the present case frustoconical and rotationally symmetrical. In the in Figure 9a shown preform end position between the bottom 107a and the front surface 113 of the preform die 111, an axial distance h _{s is} formed. At the in Figure 9a In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom 107a has a spherical cap-shaped nose which extends conically in the axial direction, starting from a flat, ring-shaped foot surface, into the cavity. In this embodiment of the preform press, the preform axial distance h _s or the preform trunk height is measured between the tip of the calotte molding nose 171a of the rear die and the front surface 113 of the preform die 111. In another (not shown) embodiment of a preform press 101, If the bottom 107a is configured without a dome-shaped nose 173a, the preform trunk height h _{s would be} between the flat foot-shaped section 171a of the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111 extend.

The preform punch 111 has a tapered preform section 112 which opens into a front surface 113. The front surface 113 can be very narrow. The preform section 112 according to Figure 9a has the shape of a truncated cone which is rotationally symmetrical to the axis A. Other rotationally symmetrical tapered shapes, for example a parabolic shape or a shape rounded in sections, are conceivable. The base of the preform section 112 has the same outer diameter as the guide section 115 of the preform punch 111. In the preform end position, the Figure 9a shows, a greatest height of the cavity h _{Ra is} formed between the base of the preform section 112 and the rear surface 171a of the bottom side 107a. The largest cavity height h _Ra extends in the preform press 101 between the rear surface 171a and the point furthest away from the base surface 171a, at which the preform section 112 of the preform punch 111 preferably meets the inside of the hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105a. According to the invention, in the preform end position, a stem height corresponding to the axial distance hs is less than 45%, preferably less than 40%, in particular less than 25%, more preferably less than 10%, of the cavity height h _Ra . The length of the preform section 112 in the axial direction A, starting from the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111, is between 5 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 17 mm, in particular between 10 mm and 15 mm, particularly preferably between 13.5 mm and 14 mm. The diameter of the front surfaces is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, in particular approximately 2 mm.

The tool arrangement according to the invention for the setting press 100 and the preform press 101 can use the same projectile blank receptacle 105a or metal blank receptacle 105x (same die) and / or the same bottom side 107a or 107x (same rear punch). In a tool arrangement according to the invention, the projectile blank receptacle 105a or 105b (the die) and / or the bottom surface 107a or 107b (the rear punch) of the preforming press 101 and the inner contour molding press 103 can be the same. The setting press 100, preforming press 101, the inner contour forming press 103 and / or the ogive forming press 200 can be realized partially or completely different from one another by an individual setting station, preforming station, inner contour forming station and / or ogive forming station.

The metal blank located in the preform press 101 by pressing the punch 111 in the projectile blank receptacle 105a produces the projectile blank first stage 1a, as in FIG Figure 9b shown. In the case of the projectile blank 1a, a trunk height l _s remains between the stump end 113a of the angular truncated inner contour 32 and the rear end 71a or the dome recess 73 formed therein. The trunk height l _s extending in the axial direction A essentially corresponds to the preform axial distance h _s Figure 9a , whereby metal material settling phenomena of the projectile blank 1a have to be taken into account. In the axial region of the trunk height 1 _s , the projectile blank 1a is formed with a fully cylindrical trunk section 7a. In the fully cylindrical trunk section 7a, the projectile blank 1a has a solid, fully circular cross section transverse to the axial direction A. The trunk section 7a of the projectile blank 1a is formed on the foot or rear side (away from the forehead 13a) of the projectile blank 1a. The outer contour 34a of the projectile blank 1a is essentially ideally cylindrical and preferably has an outer diameter which corresponds to the projectile cylinder diameter Dz. The projectile diameter Dz is preferably generated in the metal or projectile blank before it is provided in the molding press 101, and the outer diameter of the projectile remains in the preform press 101 (and, if appropriate, the inner contour molding press 103 and / or the ogive form press 200). constant at least in sections. In particular in the cylinder section 5a (or 5, 5b) of the projectile blank 1a (1, 1b), the projectile outer diameter remains constant after the metal or projectile blank has been provided in the preform press until the end of the production process.

The wall thickness of the sleeve section 3a of the projectile blank 1a preferably increases continuously, in particular continuously, from the forehead 13a of the projectile blank 1a to the rear 71a thereof. In the front sleeve section 3a, the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the radial direction R is smaller than the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the cylinder section 5a. The frustoconical recess 55a in the projectile blank 1a has an inner contour 32a which essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the preform punch 111 (the preform portion 112 and the front surface 113) thereof. If a shaped punch 111 (not shown) shaped differently from a truncated cone is used (not shown), the cavity recess 55a of the projectile blank 1a will have a different inner contour which is formed to complement the respective tapering preform punch.

Figure 9c shows an alternative embodiment of a projectile blank 1a '(first stage), different inner contour stump ends 113a, 113a', 113a "being shown. The stump end 113a shown in broken lines of the projectile blank inner contour 55a 'corresponds to the illustration Figure 9b . The dashed stump ends 113a 'and 113a "show that in the axial direction A the stump ends of the puncture cavity 55a' on the rear side when using a shaping stamp which is essentially like that in FIG Figure 9a Shaped punch shown is shaped, but has a greater axial length (butt end 113a ') or a shorter axial length (butt end 113a ").

According to the dashed line 113a ', the projectile blank 1a' is completely penetrated in the axial direction A, so that the projectile blank 1a 'is completely sleeve-shaped. The puncture opening 55a 'merges into the cap nose 73a'. It is clear that a suitably adapted preform press with a frustoconical dome nose must be used to form such a shape. The inner contour 32a 'of the sleeve wall 31a' takes in the in Figure 9c The projectile blank 1a 'shown, preferably continuously in particular up to the point (113a') at which the shaft opening 55a 'of the projectile blank 1a' merges into the spherical recess 73a '. At the in Figure 9c The completely penetrated projectile blank 1a 'shown is not a fully cylindrical projectile blank trunk. The projectile blank 1a is formed free from a projectile trunk or with a projectile trunk of zero height. Even with a completely penetrated projectile blank 1a, preform punches other than frustoconical shapes can be used.

Figure 9c also shows in dashed lines another way of forming a projectile blank with one compared to that in the Figures 9a and 9b Bullet blank shown 1a enlarged trunk with a trunk height l _{s "} .

Figure 10a shows an inner contour molding press 103 and Figure 10b one with the in Figure 10a shown inner contour molding press 103 manufactured blank 1b (second stage). Like the previously described setting press 100 and the previously described preform press 103, as well as the ogive molding press described below, the one in FIG Figure 10a shown inner contour molding press with essentially rotationally symmetrical tools for forming rotationally symmetrical full projectiles for practice cartridges. The main components of the inner contour forming press 103 include the inner contour forming die 121, the bottom side 107b arranged axially opposite the inner contour forming die 121 and the hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105b.

In the inner contour shape end position, which in Figure 10a is shown, the inner contour shaping die 121 delimits a cavity for the projectile blank 1b on the face side and the bottom side 107b or the face side 107b of the rear die on the foot side. The cavity for the projectile blank 1b is delimited on the outside in the radial direction R by the ideal hollow cylindrical die 105b. To achieve the in Figure 10a shown inner contour end position, the inner contour forming die 121 is pressed into the projectile blank 1a previously preformed in the preform press 103 until the projectile blank 1b of the second stage is shaped, as in FIGS Figures 10a and 10b for example.

The in Figure 10a The inner contour shaping punch shown has an inner contour shaping section 122, which in sections in the axial direction A is a cylindrical sleeve shaping section 133 is formed. The cylindrical wall shape and the wall thickness of the front sleeve wall 31b are defined with the cylindrical sleeve shape section 133 of the inner contour molding die 121 and the inside of the inner contour shape outer die 105b opposite the sleeve shape section 133 in the radial direction R. It is clear that the sleeve molding section 133 can be formed with a slight draft, preferably less than 1 °.

In particular, the inner contour molding section 122 adjacent to a guide section 127 of the inner contour molding die 121 has a truncated cone-shaped transition section 128 which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour molding section 122 to the guide section 127.

The inner contour form punch 121 has a guide section 127 which extends in the axial direction immediately after the form section 122 far from the front end 123 and which is preferably essentially complementary in shape to the hollow cylindrical inside of the projectile blank receptacle 105b. The guide section 127 of the inner contour forming die 121 can serve to securely guide the forming die in the inner contour forming die 105b, in particular during the relative movement of the die 121 relative to the bottom side 107b.

A preferably frustoconical transition section 128 extends in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R between the inner contour shaped section 122 or its sleeve shaped section 133 and the guide section 127 of the inner contour forming die 121. It should be understood that the transition section 128 in the axial direction directly into the guide section 127 and merges with the inner contour molding portion 122.

The maximum axial height of the cavity (h _Rb ) in the inner contour shape extends from the front end of the inner contour stamp guide section 127, which is formed by the outer ring edge of the transition section 128, opposite the rear surface 171b, the bottom side 107 of the rear stamp. End position.

In the inner contour shape end position according to Figure 10a there is an axial distance h _r between the front surface 123 of the inner contour forming die 121 and the front end of the bottom side 107b in the axial direction A, which can be referred to as the inner contour remaining distance. As in Figure 10a indicated, the remaining distance h _{r is} greater than the preform axial distance hs. The inner contour shape remaining distance h _r is preferably at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times or at least twice as large as the preform axial distance hs. With a narrow stem height h _s , the inner contour shape remaining distance h _{r can be} more than 10 times, more than 100 times or even more than 1000 times greater than the preform axial distance h _s .

The axial size of the inner contour molding section 122 is as shown in FIGS Figures 10a and 10b is less than the axial length of the preform section 112. Preferably, the axial length of the preform section 112 can be at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times, or at least twice as long as the axial length of the inner contour molding section 122. The shaped section 122 in the axial direction A is preferably not less than 10%, 20%, 30% or 50% of the axial length of the preform section 112.

In the inner contour molding section, the result of which in the form of the projectile blank (second stage) 1b in the Figures 10a and 10b can be seen, the projectile blank 1b is shaped such that it forms a sleeve-shaped front section 3b and a rear-side or rear cylinder section 5b in the axial direction A. The end cavity 33b in the projectile blank 1b is essentially complementary to the shape of the inner contour molding section 122 of the inner contour molding press 103.

At the bottom 35b of the internally contoured cavity 33b is an opening 37b axially in the middle, which merges into the shaft 55b. A deformation sleeve 51b, which radially surrounds the shaft 55b, is formed in the cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank 1b (second stage). According to the projectile blank 1b Figure 10b The shaft 55b extends in the manner of a microchannel up to a remaining trunk height h _s . Below the channel 55b there is a full-cylindrical projectile blank trunk 7b. The projectile blank 1b has a calotte recess 73b at the foot end 71b, which defines the lower end of the projectile blank trunk 7b and the trunk height.

The outer contour 34b of the projectile blank 1b of the second stage is essentially fully cylindrical and has essentially the same outer diameter in the cylinder section 5b as in the front thin-walled section 3b, which preferably corresponds to the projectile (caliber) diameter D _z . The projectile blank of the second stage (1b) essentially has the finished shaft (55b) shape, which, like the previous one, has Figures 1 to 6 described, can differentiate depending on the storey. As in Figure 9c with regard to a described alternative projectile blank geometry (1a '), a projectile blank (not shown) of the second stage can of course also be realized without a stem. The formation of the trunk 7b of the projectile blank second stage is due to the preforming step in the preform press 101. When the preform punch completely penetrates the metal or projectile blank (1a ') of the first stage, the projectile blank made from this preformed projectile blank also has no trunk.

When the inner contour shaping punch 121 is pressed into the preformed projectile blank, which is held in the projectile blank receptacle 105b and by the bottom side 107b formed by a rear punch, the inner contour 32a of the projectile blank is shaped in accordance with the inner contour shaping section 122. When the inner contour molding die 121 is pressed into the projectile blank, a front projectile blank section 3b is formed with thin walls, preferably with a constant wall thickness, in particular at least in sections in the form of a cylindrical sleeve. The metal material of the full storey or projectile blank displaced in this inner contour shaping by the inner contour shaping die 121 becomes axial direction A during the inner contour shaping step toward the foot or rear (rear) cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank (second stage) 1b postponed.

The conical shaft 55a formed by the preform punch 111 up to the blunt end 113 on the bottom of the inner contour 32a is deformed by the inner contour shaping punch 121 during the inner contour shaping step. The cone channel 55a is reshaped by partial widening to form a wide cylindrical cavity 33b near the forehead 13b of the internally contour-shaped projectile blank 1b. Towards the foot 71b of the projectile blank 1b, the metal material of the projectile blank 1b is compressed inward in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R by the inner contour shaping punch 121 during the shaping of the cone channel 55a, so that in the axial direction A the floor shoulders delimiting the cavity 35b with the central opening 37b and the shaft 55 extending from the opening 37b in the axial direction A into the cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank 1b.

During manufacture, the deformation sleeve 51b surrounding the chute 55b provides a manufacturing tolerance, the one that is present in the cone chute 55a and then possibly present (not shown in FIG Figure 10b shown) Deformation cavity formed internal cavities can accommodate displaced material during the inner contour molding step. In this way, a precisely fitting outer contour 34b of the projectile blank 1b can be ensured without post-processing, for example by calibration or milling.

Figure 11 shows the ogive mold press 200. The main component of the ogive mold press 200 comprises a rear punch 207 and a projectile receptacle 205 with a projectile tip form stamp 213 for inserting the preformed and / or inner contour-shaped projectile blank. This is held by the rear stamp 207 or at least centered and inserted into a stationary part of the ogive molding press 200, which essentially consists of the projectile receptacle 205 and the projectile tip stamp 213. The projectile tip stamp 213, together with the projectile receptacle 205, defines the arcuate outer contour 203 for the ogive. The ogive die or storey receptacle 205 is hollow-cylindrical with an ogive-shaped inner contour. In the axial direction A, the ogive inner contour 203 of the projectile receptacle 205 preferably merges continuously, in particular without jumps and / or edges, into the ogive-shaped surface of the bottom side 213 of the tip stamp or forehead stamp.

When the projectile blank with the projectile rear stamp 207 is inserted into the projectile blank receptacle 205 relative to the bottom side 213 defined by the tip stamp, the metal material of the front sleeve section 23 is deformed in an ogive-like manner, so that the projectile 2 is formed from the projectile blank. In the ogive shape end position, the Figure 11 represents, the ogive-shaped projectile 2 was made in sections from the projectile blank. The floor 2 can then be reworked, for example, by leveling. The cylinder section 25 of the projectile 2 is preferably not deformed during the ogive molding step, so that it preferably completely retains its outer diameter, in particular in accordance with the (caliber) projectile diameter D _z .

The pressing tools or presses (100, 101, 103, 200) can be equipped with mechanical limit switches and / or force-dependent limit switches and / or path-dependent limit switches for defining the relative position of the base side to the respective punch in the respective end position. Recordings and dimensioning of tools can be different due to caliber, system and / or construction.

133

Hülsenformabschnitt

200

Ogiven-Formpresse

203

Ogivenabschnitt

205

Geschossaufnahme

207

Geschossheckstempel

213

Bodenseite

A

Rotationsachse/Axialrichtung

R

Radialrichtung

d_O

Öffnungsdurchmesser

D_Z

Zylinderdurchmesser

h_S

Stammhöhe

h_Ra

Höhe (Vorformkavität)

h_Rb

Höhe (Innenkontur-Formkavität)

I_G

Geschosslänge

l_H

Schachthöhe

l_O

Ögivenabschnittshöhe

l_S

Stammhöhe

l_Z

Zylinderabschnittshöhe

The features disclosed in the above description, in the figures and claims can be of importance both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in the various configurations.

133

Sleeve molding section

200

Ogiven molding press

203

Ogiven section

205

Floor shot

207

Bullet tail stamp

213

Bottom side

A

Rotation axis / axial direction

R

Radial direction

d _O

Opening diameter

D _Z

Cylinder diameter

h _p

Trunk height

h _Ra

Height (preform cavity)

h _Rb

Height (inner contour mold cavity)

I _G

Floor length

l _H

Shaft height

l _O

Height section of the ogive

l _p

Trunk height

l _Z

Cylinder section height

Claims (16)

1. Metallic solid projectile (1) for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the solid projectile (1) comprises an ogival portion (3) at the front side and a cylinder portion (5) for holding the solid projectile (1) in a cartridge case and defines a projectile length (l_G) in the axial direction (A),
   wherein the ogival portion (3) comprises an ogival wall (31) and a rotationally symmetrical ogival cavity (33) circumferentially bounded by the ogival wall (31), wherein
   a fully cylindrical stem portion (7) of the solid projectile extends in the axial direction (A) over less than 45% of the projectile length (l_G), wherein starting from a bottom (35) of an ogival cavity (33), a shaft (55) extends into the cylinder portion (5), which shaft forms a microchannel (57) and/or a deformation cavity (53), wherein the deformation cavity (53) is shaped at least in sections to be cylindrical and/or at least in sections to be conical with a taper at the front side.
2. Solid projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ogival wall (31) has an ogival wall thickness and the solid projectile (1) forms an annular deformation sleeve wall (51) in the cylinder portion (3) in the axial direction (A) at least in sections, which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness which is greater than the ogival wall thickness, preferably the ogival wall thickness being less than half the radius of the solid projectile and/or preferably the deformation sleeve wall thickness being less than or equal to the radius of the solid projectile (1).
3. Solid projectile according to one of the claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the solid projectile (1) is blunt at the front side and/or has an opening (11) at the front side which opens into the ogive cavity (33) and has an inner opening diameter (d_O), which is greater than 0.5 mm, in particular greater than 1.0 mm, and/or is smaller than 3 mm, in particular smaller than 1.5 mm.
4. Solid projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fully cylindrical stem portion (7) extends in the axial direction (A) over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm and/or that a calotte (73) is recessed at the rear end (71) of the solid projectile (1).
5. Solid projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner contour (32) surrounding the ogival cavity (33) is completely rounded in the axial direction (A), preferably formed step-free and/or has exclusively rounded edges.
6. Tool arrangement for producing metallic solid projectiles (1) for practice cartridges, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogival cavity (33), comprising a preform press (101) having
   a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle (105a) which is bounded in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107a),
   a preform punch (111), having a preform section (112) which tapers in the axial direction relative to a front surface (113) in the form of a truncated cone, and in particular rotationally symmetrical, the preform portion (112) being movable relative to the bottom side (107a) for forming a projectile blank (1a) to a preform end position in which the preform punch (111), the bottom side (107a) and the projectile blank receptacle (105a) define a preform cavity for the projectile blank (1a),
   wherein in the preform end position, an axial distance (h_S) between the bottom side (107a) and the front surface (113) is less than 45% of a maximum height (h_Ra) of the cavity in the axial direction (A), wherein the tool arrangement further comprising an inner contour forming press (103) having a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle (105b) which is bounded in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107b), and an inner contour forming punch (121) comprising an inner contour forming portion (122) extending axially to a front surface (123), which is formed as a blunt cone tip with a rounded front edge tip (125), said inner contour forming portion (122) being movable relative to the bottom side (107b) for forming the projectile blank (1b) to an inner contour forming end position, wherein said inner contour forming punch (121), said bottom side (107b) and said projectile blank receptacle (105b) define an inner contour forming cavity for said projectile blank (1b), wherein in the inner contour form end position, an axial distance (h_r) between the bottom side (107b) and the front surface (123) is greater than the axial distance (h_S) between the bottom side (107a) of the preform press (101) and the front surface (113) of the preform punch (111) in the preform end position.
7. Tool arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that in particular the inner contour forming portion (122) having adjacent to a guide portion (127) of the inner contour forming punch (121) a frustoconical transition portion (128) extending radially from the inner contour forming portion (122) to the guide portion (127).
8. Tool arrangement according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the taper of the preform portion (112) of the preform punch (111) is sharper than the preferably tapered outer contour of the inner contour portion (122), in particular the sleeve portion, of the inner contour punch (121).
9. Tool arrangement according to one of the claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the tool arrangement further comprises a setting press (100) having a hollow cylindrical metal blank receptacle (105x) bounded in axial direction (A) by a bottom side (107x) and having a setting punch (115x), which is movable relative to the bottom side (107x) for forming the metal blank (1x) up to a setting end position, in which the setting punch (115x) and the projectile blank receptacle (105x) form a setting cavity with a predetermined clear width for defining a constant outer diameter, in particular the caliber diameter (D_Z), of the metal blank (1x).
10. Tool arrangement according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the tool arrangement further comprises an ogival forming press (200) which has a hollow cylindrical projectile receptacle (205) which is bounded in the axial direction (A) by a concave, ogival-shaped bottom side (213) and which has a projectile rear punch (207) for holding and/or centering the rear end of the, in particular, internally contour-shaped projectile blank, which is movable relative to the bottom side (213) for forming the solid projectile (2) to an ogival shape end position, in which the projectile rear punch (207), the projectile receptacle (205) and the bottom side (213) define a cavity defining a projectile negative with an ogival portion (23, 203) and a cylinder portion (25) adjacent thereto.
11. Method for producing metallic solid projectiles (1) for practice cartridges according to calim 1, preferably with a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity (31), in which a metal blank formed in particular from cut-to-length metal wire is provided, preferably with a cylindrical outer surface, wherein
    in a preforming step, the metal blank is formed into a projectile blank (1a) with a sleeve-shaped portion (3a) which, at the end of the preforming step, extends over more than half of the greatest axial blank height (h_Ra), in particular the sleeve-shaped portion (3a) being formed with a preferably continuously tapering inner contour (32a), the projectile blank (1a) being deformed after the preforming step in an inner contour forming step in such a manner,
    that a front-side sleeve portion (3b) of the projectile blank (1b) is formed with a radially outer sleeve wall (31b) of substantially constant wall thickness and/or cylindrical inner contour (32b),
    that a rear-side sleeve portion (5b) of the projectile blank (1b) is formed with a shoulder (35b) projecting radially inwards from the sleeve wall (31b), and
    that a shaft (55b) starting from the shoulder (35b) is formed which extends into the rear-side sleeve portion (5b) of the projectile blank (1b),
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the metal blank is formed in the preforming step while maintaining a remaining fully-cylindrical stem portion (7) of a projectile blank (1a) extending in the axial direction (A) over less than 45% of the greatest axial blank height (h_Ra), or in that the metal blank is completely penetrated in the axial direction (A) in the preforming step for forming the projectile blank (1a).
13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that shaft (55b) forms a microchannel (57b) and/or a deformation cavity (53b), wherein the deformation cavity (53b) is formed at least sectionally cylindrically and/or at least sectionally conically with taper at the end.
14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that in the inner contour forming step the projectile blank (1b) is being formed in such a way,
    that the deformation cavity (53) forms a waist-shaped constriction at the front side, wherein a microchannel (57) is formed in particular between the deformation cavity (53) and the shoulder (35), in which microchannel the inner wall surface of the sleeve section (51) is brought together flat in particular in contact, and/or
    that a distance in the axial direction (A) between the shoulder (35b) and a rear (71) becomes greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical stem portion (7) of the projectile blank (1a) which maybe present at the end of the preforming step.
15. Method according to one of the claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the projectile blank, in particular after the inner contour forming step, is formed in an ogival forming step in such a way that the front side sleeve wall (31) forms an ogival outer surface in sections, in particular an opening (11) being maintained at the front side which preferably opens into an ogival cavity (33) defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall (31).
16. Method according to one of the claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the preforming step, the inner contour forming step and/or the ogival forming step are carried out without cutting, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing.

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