EP0106411B1 - Small arms ammunition, and manufacturing process therefor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a small-caliber ammunition consisting of a rotationally symmetrical projectile, a cartridge case with a powder charge and a primer arranged centrally with respect to its longitudinal axis, the cartridge case being fastened in a section between the flattened tip of the projectile and its rear end. The invention further relates to a method for producing small-caliber ammunition and to an application of this method.

Small-caliber ammunition is understood to mean ammunition with a caliber of less than 12.7 mm, in particular with a caliber in the range from 4 to 6.35 mm.

A rotationally symmetrical mantle bullet is from the publication of the US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, No. AD-A025 131 (Michael Pino, "The Effect of Varying certain Parameters on the Performance of the S.C.A.M.P. produced 5.56 mm Projectile", DARCOM Intern Training Center, May 1976). The known projectile has an ogival-shaped profile part, a cylindrical middle part and a frustoconical rear end part. The profile part described is parabolic, conical or spherical in shape. It is expressly stated that a change in the profile part requires a change in the design of the weapon. DE-A 25 25 230 describes a method for producing jacket bullets and the bullets produced using this method. The curvature of the tip of these bullets changes, but it is not precisely defined, so that the curvature can only be assessed according to the drawing. During manufacture, the projectiles are formed and separated from a tubular projectile blank in a manner known per se. US-A-2 301 565 and US-A 2 920 374 describe various ways in which the shell of the projectile is formed. Several steps are used with different tools. The shapes of the shells of the floors are not mathematically defined and can only be read inaccurately from the drawings.

It is known that the effects are caused by changes in the shape of the tip and / or the rear end in relation to the ballistic behavior of the projectile.

The object of the invention is to provide a projectile of the type mentioned at the outset which has a better chance of being hit and an increased ballistic final energy.

Another object is to provide a method for producing such a jacket bullet, which is economically suitable for large-scale production despite increased penetration. It must also not disassemble at the finish line and must meet the requirements of the CICR (Comite International de la Croix-Rouge).

bestimmt ist, in der der Bereich von x₁ durch

worin h eine gedachte Länge von x_i für a = π bis zu einer gedachten Spitze des Geschosses und arc cos

ist und die zugehörigen Werte von r₁ durch

gegeben sind, worin arc cos

ist, und in der der Bereich von x₂ durch

bestimmt ist, in dem r₂ = const. = r_o, wobei die gedachte Spitze des Geschosses um einen Abstand (-s) vom Ursprung eines rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystems entfernt ist, dessen positive X-Achse eine Symmetrieachse und dessen Y-Achse eine Richtung des Radius r des Geschosses darstellt, wobei die tatsächliche Spitze des Geschosses im Ursprung des Koordinatensystems angeordnet ist.According to the invention, the aforementioned task is characterized in that the profile of the projectile is represented by a sum function

in which the range of x _{1 is} determined by

where h is an imaginary length from x _i for a = π to an imaginary tip of the projectile and arc cos

and the associated values of r ₁

are given, in which arc cos

and in which the range of x _{2 is} through

is determined in which r ₂ = const. = r _o , where the imaginary point of the projectile is a distance (-s) from the origin of a rectangular coordinate system, the positive X-axis of which represents an axis of symmetry and the Y-axis of which represents the direction of the radius r of the projectile, the actual point of the projectile is arranged in the origin of the coordinate system.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that, contrary to what is expected by experts, an aerodynamic design of small-caliber ammunition influences the probability of a hit very favorably despite the small size, the relatively short range and the relatively short flight time, which are typical for such projectiles.

The continuous function r (x) shown in the claim describes the profile of the projectile in the most essential. Of course, the required continuity at the ends of the storeys and in the area of the cartridge case fastening, in practice, can not be partially achieved without loss of teaching and the result.

The starting point for this optimization is a mathematical formula from Haack for the shape of a bullet with minimal air resistance, which is applicable to large-caliber bullets with muzzle velocity in the supersonic range (Oerlikon paperback, machine tools Oerlikon-Bührle AG factory, Zurich, Switzerland, May 1981, chap. 5.2.3., Pages 168 to 171). From this equation, a parameter equation for the calculation of a shape optimized in relation to the air resistance was derived for the profile part of small-caliber ammunition.

It is expedient if, according to claim 2, the section for fastening the cartridge case is shifted from the location corresponding to an upper limit value of _X1 by a distance in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 r _o to the range of _X2 . As a result, a small piece of the cylindrical part protrudes from the cartridge case when it is connected to the shell bullet, whereby favorable guiding properties are obtained.

An advantageous further development according to claim 3 consists in that a rear end of the projectile has two essentially frusto-conical sections, the imaginary cone tips of which lie on the axis of symmetry of the projectile, and that the section lying on the inside with respect to the end has a cone angle in the range from 5 to 10 Degrees and a length in the range of 0.5 to 2 r _o and the portion lying outside with respect to the end has a cone angle in the range of 60 degrees and ends at a distance from the axis of symmetry of the projectile. Such a design of the rear end also has a favorable influence on the stability and the flight behavior of the projectile.

Advantageously, the projectile according to claim 4 is a jacket bullet, the jacket of which consists of a plated alloy steel in which a heavy metal core is inserted. Such projectiles can be efficiently produced by train-pressure forming. Even with large quantities, the required precision in the design can be achieved.

Advantageously, according to claim 5, the jacket has at both ends a groove-shaped section for its attachment to the cartridge case.

The rotationally symmetrical jacket bullets for small-caliber ammunition are manufactured in such a way that a cylindrical bowl rounded at the bottom is deep-drawn, that according to the invention the preformed bowl is then extended in a first step with a constant floor thickness and the angle of the inner cone is reduced in one step second step, the cylinder part of the projectile is drawn and a squeeze collar is formed at the end, the angle of the inner cone being reduced again, that in a third step the tip of the projectile is preformed in a polished and smooth die, and in a fourth step in a further polished one and smooth die, the tip of the projectile is finally shaped, that in a fifth step the projectile is cut to its preliminary length in the region of the crimping collar, that in a sixth step a preformed heavy metal core is pressed into the projectile is that in a seventh step the rear part of the projectile is shaped conically, in an eighth step the rear edge is flanged over the heavy metal core, in a ninth step the rear end of the projectile is finally formed and in a tenth step the projectile is through a calibration die is pushed through. This process represents an optimization of the deformation work per process step and, despite the high number of cycles of the press, permits the production of bullets of high and reproducible quality.

According to claim 7, the first to tenth process steps are expediently linked together and take place on a single step press. In this way, economical production is achieved.

According to claim 8, the aforementioned method is advantageously used to produce a small-caliber hard lead core. This application is particularly advantageous and tried and tested.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and are explained and described in detail below with reference to drawings.

• Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Patrone der erfindungsgemässen Kleinkalibermunition;
• Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt in einem vergrösserten Massstab durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mantelgeschosses für die Kleinkalibermunition nach Fig. 1;
• Fig. den im Erstzug erstellten Napf für eine Kleinkalibermunition mit einem kegelstumpfförmigen und bodenseitig verdickten Innenbereich in stark vergrösserter Schnittdarstellung,
• Fig. 3a den Napf Fig. 3 in der relativen Grösse zum Geschoss in dessen endgültigen Form,
• Fig. bis 14 die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte zur Erstellung des endgültigen Geschosses, wobei Fig. 9 den einzupressenden Hartbleikern zeigt, und
• Fig. 15 den im ersten Ziehgang des Weiterzugs benutzten Stempel in vergrösserter Teil-Darstellung.

Show it:

• 1 shows a longitudinal section through a cartridge of the small-caliber ammunition according to the invention;
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section on an enlarged scale through a first embodiment of a jacket bullet for small-caliber ammunition according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 1 shows the bowl created in the first move for a small-caliber ammunition with a truncated cone-shaped and thickened inner area in a greatly enlarged sectional view, FIG.
• 3a the bowl Fig. 3 in the relative size to the projectile in its final form,
• FIGS. 14 to 14 show the individual method steps for creating the final floor, FIG. 9 showing the hard lead to be pressed in, and
• Fig. 15 shows the stamp used in the first pass of the move in an enlarged partial view.

Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section a small-caliber ammunition with a caliber of 5.56 mm, which is a common type of small-caliber ammunition. This ammunition consists of a conventional cartridge case 1 made of brass, which contains a powder charge 2 of the usual composition (e.g. from a smokeless powder for small-caliber weapons) as well as from a jacket bullet, the jacket 3 of which consists of the material usually used for this (e.g. from plated alloy steel) copper-rich non-ferrous metal and the like). The core 15 contained therein consists of a material usually used for this purpose, such as lead or a lead alloy; the core 15 can also consist of steel or sintered material. The projectile has a front part 4, the shape of which is aerodynamically optimized so that the air resistance is reduced to a minimum, as will be described in detail below. This continues to exist Projectile consisting of a substantially cylindrical middle part 5 and a generally frustoconical rear end 6. The middle part 5 is provided with a groove-shaped section 7 for fastening the jacket 3 to the cartridge case 1. Instead of the groove, however, the cylindrical middle part 5 can also be knurled for fastening the cartridge case 1. The cylindrical middle part 5 extends outwards from the section 7 by 0.254 mm, corresponding to approximately 0.1 r _o , where r _{o represents} the radius of the cylindrical middle part 5. The outward protruding extension can be in the range between 0.1 and 0.5 r _o . The remaining portion of the cylindrical middle part 5 and the rear end 6 are enclosed in the cartridge case 1. A primer 11 is arranged in the closed end 10 of the cartridge case 1 and is centered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge case 1.

The projectile described is shown in detail in FIG. 2 and on an enlarged scale in longitudinal section. The front part 4 has a truncated front end 12 made of solid material. The cylindrical middle part 5 and 5a with the section 7 and the rear end 6, formed from a frustoconical section 13 and a further frustoconical section 14, contain a projectile core 15. In FIG. 2, the rounded front part 4 of the projectile is designated as x ₁ and the cylindrical middle part 5 with its section 5a as x ₂ . The distance from the end of the imaginary tip to the beginning of the cylindrical middle part 5 and 5a of the projectile is denoted by h. In addition to the front part 4 and the middle part 5, the corresponding similarities for the radii r ₁ and r _{2 of} both parts are mentioned. From this Fig. 2 it can be seen that the radius r _{1 of} the front part increases from the tip to the cylindrical central part 5a, 5, its curvature decreasing from the tip to the central part until it merges continuously into the cylindrical central part 5a, 5 .

The profile of the projectile is determined by the parameter equation given below, which was derived from the Haack equation known per se and relates to a form of minimal air resistance for large-caliber projectiles, the air resistance being expressed by the coefficient of drag c _w . The actual tip of the mantle storey is, according to FIG. 2, in the origin of a right-angled coordinate system in which the height of the mantle storey runs along the positive X axis, while the radius of the storey extends in the Y direction. With the exception of the front end 12, the section 7 and the rear end 6, the profile of the mantle storey is represented by a continuous function r (x), whose continuous differential quotient d ^r dx assumes a finite value.

This function is a sum function:

This sum function comprises a range r ₁ (x _i ) which is connected to a continuously decreasing differential quotient and a range r ₂ ( _X2 ) in which the differential quotient is constant and equal to zero. The sum function extends up to an imaginary tip of the mantle storey, which is shifted by a distance -s from the origin of the coordinate system.

Starting from the Haack equation for x, the following parameter equation is obtained for the first term of the above sum function:

jeden Wert annehmen kann. Aus der weiteren Haack-Gleichung wird die folgende Parametergleichung für r für das erste Glied der obengenannten Summenfunktion ohne weiteres erhalten:

Darin ist r der Radius des zylindrischen Mittelteils 5 des Mantelgeschosses, r₁ der Radius des Mantelgeschosses im Bereich x₁ und arc cos

In this, h is the imaginary height of the shell bullet from the value for x ₁ at a = π to the imaginary tip, s is the displacement of the actual front end 12 relative to the imaginary tip and a is a parameter that is within the range of arc cos

can take on any value. The following parameter equation for r for the first term of the above-mentioned sum function is readily obtained from the further Haack equation:

Therein, r is the radius of the cylindrical middle part 5 of the jacket storey, r _{1 is} the radius of the jacket storey in the area x ₁ and arc cos

bestimmt. Wie man ohne weiteres sieht, zeichnet sich das durch die vorgenannte Summenfunktion bestimmte Profil dadurch aus, dass zwischen den Bereichen von x₁ und x₂ ein absolut kontinuierlicher Übergang besteht, da für den Fall a = π die Werte von r₁ und r₂ identisch werden.The second term in the above sum function refers to the range _X2 > h and is by the equation

certainly. As can easily be seen, the profile determined by the aforementioned sum function is characterized by the fact that there is an absolutely continuous transition between the ranges of x ₁ and x ₂ , since the values of r ₁ and r _{2 are} identical for the case a = π will.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, s has a value of 0.65 mm or 0.232 units of the radius r _{o of} the mantle storey; However, s can have any value in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 r _o . The front end 12 generates a defined turbulence during the flight of the jacket floor, so that instabilities due to an otherwise in the we substantial laminar flow can be avoided. The cylindrical middle part 5, which corresponds to the area _X2 in the formula given above, has a groove-shaped section 7 for connection to the cartridge case according to FIG. 1. The section 7 can be replaced by a knurled section. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the cylindrical middle part 5 extends beyond the section 7 by a section 5a, the axial length of which is 0.254 mm or approximately 0.1 r _o .

Section 5a can take any value in the range between 0.1 and 0.5 r _o . At the end facing away from the front part 4, the middle part 5 is followed by the rear end 6, which consists of two essentially frustoconical sections 13 and 14. In this exemplary embodiment, the inner section 13 has a cone angle of 8 °, but can have any value in the range from 5 ° to 10 °. Its length is 1.82 mm corresponding to 0.65 r _o . The outer section 14 has a cone angle of 60 °, but can also have other values in this range. This section ends at a distance from the axis of symmetry. The aforementioned cone angles each end in an imaginary cone tip, which lies on the imaginary extension of the axis of symmetry outside the shell floor. The special shape of the rear end 6 supports the effect of the profile described above on the flight behavior of the projectile by favorably influencing the stability and the air resistance behavior.

The jacket bullet described above includes a core 15 made of lead or a lead alloy, which can also consist of another conventional material such as steel or sintered material.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the shell bullet consists in a variation of the rear end 6 in the inner, frustoconical section 13, the cone angle of which is only 7 ° and the length is 3.6 mm or 1.3 r _o .

• Hierzu zeigt Fig. 3 einen Napf 16, welcher aus einer beidseitig kupfer/nickelplattierten, aus einem Stahlblech gestanzten Rondelle in einem Erstzug nach Art des Napf-Rückwärts-Fliesspressens erstellt wurde. Dabei ist der Napf mit 16 bezeichnet, dessen zylindrischer Teil mit 17 und dessen abgerundeter Teil mit 18. Ein bodennaher Bereich 19 ist im Innern kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet, im Äusseren abgerundet und weist gegenüber seinem zylindrischen Teil 17 eine grössere Wandstärke auf. Der Kegelwinkel des Innenkonuses ist mit alpha 1 bezeichnet und beträgt zirka 20°.

Cladding bullets according to the invention are produced by the following method:

• 3 shows a bowl 16, which was created from a copper / nickel-plated rondelle on both sides and stamped from a steel sheet in a first pass in the manner of the bowl backward extrusion. The bowl is designated 16, its cylindrical part 17 and its rounded part 18. A region 19 near the bottom is frustoconical on the inside, rounded on the outside and has a greater wall thickness than its cylindrical part 17. The cone angle of the inner cone is labeled alpha 1 and is approximately 20 °.

The bowl 16 is prefabricated in large quantities and is intended for intermediate storage in the sense of a semi-finished product.

At the appropriate time, the bowl 16 is fed to a step press with ten workstations, which is operated in a frame stand by a mono slide driven by a crankshaft and two connecting rods, with a cycle rate of 120 cycles / min. is operated.

The individual work stations are linked together by a linear feed device. The feeding of the bowls 16 takes place with the aid of a vibrator known per se with spiral guideways.

• Das Halbfabrikat gemäss Fig. 3a wird in einem ersten Schritt durch einen Stempel, Fig. 15, mit einer endseitig konkaven Ausnehmung R bei gleichbleibender Bodendicke, entsprechend Fig. 4 verlängert, wobei der Winkel des Innenkonuses alpha 2 auf 10° reduziert wird.

The projectile is finished pressed in this step press in the ten successive process steps, in the following order:

• In a first step, the semifinished product according to FIG. 3a is extended by a stamp, FIG. 15, with a concave recess R at the end with a constant bottom thickness, corresponding to FIG. 4, the angle of the inner cone alpha 2 being reduced to 10 °.

In a second step, the cylinder section is drawn according to FIG. 5 and a squeeze collar is formed at the end with the superfluous material. The angle of the inner cone is reduced again; the wall thickness of the cylindrical part of the floor already has its calibratable dimension.

In a third step, the tip of the projectile is preformed in a finely polished and smooth die, as shown in FIG. 6.

The tip of the projectile is finally shaped in a fourth work station, also in a finely polished and smooth die, cf. Fig. 7.

In a fifth method step, the projectile is cut to its preliminary length in the region of the squeeze collar, corresponding to FIG. 8.

In a sixth step, a hard lead (98% Pb + 2% Sb), pre-fabricated according to the shape of FIG. 9, is pressed into the interior of the floor; the sectional view is produced in Fig. 10. Here, as in the other figures, the hard lead is symbolized by dots.

In a seventh work station, the projectile located in a die is conically shaped in its rear part, as shown in FIG. 11.

According to the illustration in FIG. 12, the rear edge is flanged over the heavy metal core in a next method step.

In a ninth step, the rear part of the projectile is finally shaped, as shown in FIG. 13.

In a tenth and final work station, the floor is calibrated in a matrix.

Outside the step press, a gag groove 20 for the cartridge case is rolled in the area of the cylindrical part of the projectile, as the section in FIG. 14 shows.

The above-described small-caliber ammunition and the above-described shell projectile are distinguished by the fact that, contrary to expectations, in some important properties they have very considerable improvements over the previously known small-caliber ammunition or the previously known shell projectile of this type, in which the front part is ogival, ie parabolic, conical or spherical is. Of these properties, the high probability of being hit by this projectile is the most significant due to its optimal casing geometry. This is achieved without the use of special rifle barrels, which give the projectile a higher spin. Trials have shown that many properties of the projectile are significantly improved; the spreading in the horizontal and vertical axes of the spreading distribution is 30% and 60% cheaper for shooting distances from 30 to 300 m. This bullet also has a breakthrough performance against lightly armored targets, which can be compared to steel and hard core bullets, without having their significantly higher manufacturing costs. The deformation resistance as well as the increased penetration and penetration ability can be explained with the massive bullet tip, see Fig. 11 to 14.

A projectile produced according to the invention has high strength in the target and only disassembles under extreme conditions.

Es ist aus der Tabelle erkennbar, dass das in seiner Form in bezug auf den Luftwiderstand aerodynamisch optimierte Mantelgeschoss nach der Erfindung eine relativ weniger steile Flugbahn und eine etwas geringere Flugzeit aufweist. Es besitzt, besonders bei grossen Schussweiten, eine beträchtlich höhere ballistische Endenergie. Die Auslenkung durch Seitenwind wird bei allen untersuchten Schussweiten um den hohen Betrag von 25 % reduziert, obwohl das erfindungsgemässe Geschoss im Vergleich zu dem bekannten Geschoss ein höheres Gewicht und eine geringere Mündungsgeschwindigkeit aufweist.The table below shows measurement data for some important properties of known, conventional ammunition with a caliber of 5.56 mm and the corresponding values for the ammunition according to the invention of the same caliber. The relative differences compared to the values obtained with the known ammunition are also given in percent.

It can be seen from the table that the shell projectile, which is aerodynamically optimized in terms of air resistance according to the invention, has a relatively less steep trajectory and a somewhat shorter flight time. It has a considerably higher final ballistic energy, especially with long shooting distances. The deflection due to cross winds is reduced by the high amount of 25% for all shot ranges examined, although the projectile according to the invention has a higher weight and a lower muzzle velocity compared to the known projectile.

The data reproduced in the table were determined in a customary manner by using the known light barrier method for determining the drag coefficient and by conventional calculations from the drag coefficient obtained.

The small-caliber ammunition described above and the mantle bullet therefor have the particular advantage that they can be used with most of the major weapon designs currently in use. The new shell bullet profile does not require any changes in the rifle design for use.

The use of the aerodynamically optimized profile according to the invention is not limited to jacket storeys. Bullets made of a full material appear to be suitable in special applications due to their high initial speed, especially for hand and handguns.

Label list

• 1 = cartridge case
• 2 = powder charge
• 3 = bullet jacket
• 4 = front part
• 5 = middle section
• 5a = section of the middle part 5
• 6 = rear end
• 7 = groove-shaped section
• 8 = open end of the cartridge case 1
• 9 = edge of the open end 8
• 10 = closed end of the cartridge case 1
• 11 = primer
• 12 = front end
• 13 = inner, frustoconical section of the end 6
• 14 = outer, frustoconical section of the end 6
• 15 = core of the mantle storey
• 16 = bowl
• 17 = cylindrical part of the bowl
• 18 = rounded part of the bowl
• 19 = area of the bowl near the bottom
• 20 = gag groove

Claims (8)

1. Small arms ammunition, comprising an axially symmetrical projectile (3 to 7; 12), a cartridge case (1) with a powder charge (2) and a primer (11) disposed centrally with respect to the longitudinal axis thereof, the cartridge case being secured in a portion (7) between the flattened tip (12) of the projectile and its rear end (6), characterized in that the profile of the projectile (3 to 7; 12 to 14) is defined by a summation function

in which the range of _X1 [is defined] by

in which h is an assumed length of x₁ for a = π up to a theoretical tip of the projectile (3 to 7; 12 to 14) and arc cos

and the associated values of r₁ are given by

in which arc cos

and in which the range of x₂ is defined by

in which r₂ = const. = r_o, the theoretical tip of the projectile (3 to 7; 12) being remote by a distance (-s) from the zero point of a right-angled system of coordinates, the positive X-axis of which is an axis of symmetry and the Y-axis of which represents a direction of the radius r of the projectile and the actual tip (12) of the projectile (3 to 7; 12) is situated at the zero point of the system of coordinates. (Fig. 2; Fig. 1)

2. Small arms ammunition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the portion (7) for securing the cartridge case (1) is displaced from the position corresponding to an upper threshold value of _X1 by a distance in the region of between 0.1 and 0.5 r_o into the region of x₂. (Fig. 2)

3. Small arms ammunition according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a rear end (6) of the projectile (4 to 7, 12 to 14) comprises two essentially frustoconical portions (13, 14), the theoretical cone apices of which lie on the axis of symmetry of the projectile, and the portion (13) length in the region of between 0.5 and 2 r_o and the portion (14) lying outside with respect to the end has an angle of taper in the region of 60° and terminates at a distance from the axis of symmetry of the projectile. Fig. 2)

4. Small arms ammunition according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the projectile (3 to 7, 12 to 15) is a jacketed projectile, the jacket (3) of which consists of a clad, alloyed steel in which a heavy metal core (15) is inserted. (Fig. 2; Fig. 1)

5. Small arms ammunition according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the ends (4, 6) the jacket (3) has a groove-shaped portion (7) for securing the jacket on the cartridge case (1). (Fig. 1)

6. A method of manufacturing an axially symmetrical jacketed projectile for small arms ammunition according to Claim 1, a cylindrical cup (16) rounded at the base being deep-drawn, characterized in that in a first step the pre-formed cup (16) is extended in the successive drawing with the thickness of the base remaining unchanged and the angle of the internal taper is reduced, in a second step the cylindrical portion of the projectile is drawn and a flash collar is formed at the end, the angle of the internal taper being further reduced, in a third step the tip of the projectile is pre-formed in a polished and smooth die, in a fourth step the tip of the projectile isfinally shaped in a further polished and smooth die, in a fifth step the projectile is cut off to its provisional length in the region of the flash collar, in a sixth step a pre-formed heavy metal core is pressed into the projectile, in a seventh step the rear portion of the projectile is given a tapered shape, in an eighth step the rear edge is flanged over the heavy metal core, in a ninth step the rear end of the projectile is finally shaped, and in a tenth step the projectile is pushed through a calibrating die.

7. A method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the first to the tenth method steps are interlinked and are performed on a single progressive press.

8. The application of the method according to any one of the preceding Claims 6 and 7 for producing a small-arms hard-lead core projectile. (Fig. 2)

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