EP3638974B1 - Method for the production of a small calibre bullet, small calibre bullet and small calibre ammunition with such a small calibre bullet - Google Patents

Method for the production of a small calibre bullet, small calibre bullet and small calibre ammunition with such a small calibre bullet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3638974B1
EP3638974B1 EP18727768.6A EP18727768A EP3638974B1 EP 3638974 B1 EP3638974 B1 EP 3638974B1 EP 18727768 A EP18727768 A EP 18727768A EP 3638974 B1 EP3638974 B1 EP 3638974B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
small
projectile
caliber
penetrator
bullet
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EP18727768.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3638974A1 (en
Inventor
Udo Stenzel
Tobias LITTE
Daniel STOPPER
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Publication of EP3638974A1 publication Critical patent/EP3638974A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/80—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/025—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by the dimension of the case or the missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/10—Percussion caps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a small-caliber projectile and a small-caliber projectile and small-caliber ammunition with such a small-caliber projectile, which are characterized by low levels of pollutants.
  • a cartridge is considered low-emission if it has at least one lead-free and barium-free primer cap and if the bullet has a covered lead corner.
  • a reduced-lead or lead-free hunting rifle bullet with improved core holding power in the jacket describes the DE 100 42 711 A1 .
  • the core and the jacket have a positive and/or material connection in addition to the non-positive connection.
  • Non-metallic materials such as plastic are mentioned as core materials.
  • Other core materials can be copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, etc.
  • the jacket on the other hand, consists of the usual jacket materials such as steel, tombac-plated steel, tombac (copper-zinc alloy) or copper.
  • a hunting rifle bullet with an additional encapsulated core names the DE 100 45 009 A1 .
  • the core is surrounded by another cladding, the core cladding. This completely encloses the core.
  • the core is made of a toxic material such as lead.
  • a cartridge for handguns with a cartridge case provided with a primer cap and containing a propellant charge, and with a projectile inserted into the neck of the cartridge case is disclosed in US Pat DE 197 10 113 A1 , the projectile having a mantle, a hard core disposed in the jacket and a carrier holding the core in the jacket.
  • the FR2821151A1 discloses a projectile with a sub-caliber core, particularly for small and medium caliber ammunition.
  • the projectile consists of a core and a shell.
  • the sheath is crimped onto the core with its ogival end.
  • the nucleus has a central cylinder, extended in the front part by a conical tip.
  • the core has a frustoconical bearing that cooperates with the sheath.
  • Ring play is incorporated between the central cylinder of the core and a conical bore of the cladding. This game increases from a ledge to camp. This play allows the shell to be deformed by radial compression, which can reduce wear on a weapon barrel.
  • the bullet consists of a thin metallic material as a jacket and a bullet core enclosed in it made of solid material such as hard metal, heavy metal, etc.
  • a ballast material that fills the rearmost part of the bullet jacket consists of a lead alloy.
  • the DE 197 30 968 A1 describes a method of making a bullet and a bullet.
  • the blank is machined into a shell having a base and a substantially cylindrical wall adjacent thereto and defining a cavity.
  • Gripping means are provided at the rear end of the bullet core.
  • the gripping means consist of edges or grooves. These cooperate with receiving means in the cladding and lock the core end firmly to the base of the cladding.
  • the DE 29 510 977 U1 deals with a projectile for cartridges for rifled weapons, having a core which is the main mass of the projectile.
  • a cladding is applied to the outside of the core and at least partially covers it, the cladding being completely coated both from the outside and towards the core with a layer of tin of a predetermined thickness.
  • a steel tip is provided in front of the lead core.
  • Solid bullets i.e. bullets made of a solid copper-based alloy
  • the disadvantage is that this is accompanied by insufficient stabilization on the trajectory due to the twist introduced in the gun barrel. This leads to a low non-ballistic stability of such projectiles. Shorter twist lengths would be necessary for good stability, which cannot be realized in weapons that have already been introduced.
  • the object of the invention is to present a small-caliber projectile that is low in pollutants, can be produced inexpensively and does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • a projectile according to the invention compensates for the low density of the copper-based alloy compared to lead through a higher density of the hard metal penetrator. As a result, an extension of the projectile, as described above, can be omitted.
  • the projectile can have the same overall length as previous projectiles.
  • the interior, exterior and target ballistic requirements can be met, with the advantage of increased penetration performance against semi-hard targets.
  • the method according to the invention according to claim 1 creates a low-emission projectile and thus a low-emission cartridge with increased penetration compared to existing concepts.
  • the structure of the bullet results from the combination of a low-emission, specifically light solid bullet with a completely enclosed penetrator with a specifically higher density as the core. A solid bullet with a hard core is thus shown.
  • the bullet is preferably made from two semi-finished products (bullet body, penetrator).
  • a bullet body is made from a copper-based alloy (brass, tobacco, bronze). They can be manufactured from extrudable blanks.
  • the body of the bullet is oversized on the outside and is pressed into the rifling and fields of the gun barrel when the shot is fired.
  • the body of the bullet has a blind hole into which the dimensionally matched hard core (penetrator) can be inserted. This means that the dimensions of the blind hole and those of the penetrator are matched.
  • the hard core is a predominantly cylindrical component made of tungsten carbide with a tip at the front end. Grooves are pressed into the base of the hard core blank, which lead to an interlocking with the bullet body when fired. As a result, the transfer of the twist of a weapon barrel is safely transferred to the hard core.
  • the hard core is preferably used in the bullet body.
  • the projectile body provided with the inserted hard core can then be fed to a rotary swaging machine, for example, and the projectile body or its material is tapered in the front region, so that it flows forward around the hard core.
  • the result is a full floor with a completely enclosed hard core.
  • the insertable penetrator achieves increased penetration against semi-hard targets without showing any deformation when shooting at so-called soft targets.
  • the projectile can thus be used universally (multi-purpose) against soft as well as semi-hard targets be used. Due to the adjustable projectile weight, ie through the choice of the penetrator or the material of the penetrator, the projectile also fulfills a required correspondence of the trajectory with the hard core and soft core projectiles used hitherto.
  • a small caliber bullet is proposed, which is designed as a solid (mass) made of copper-based alloy with a hard metal core.
  • copper-based alloys include additives such as zinc and tin in variable alloy proportions, which leads to the designations brass, tombac or bronze.
  • Brass is one of the best-known copper alloys. What all brass alloys have in common, whether they are cast or wrought alloys, is that their main components are the metals copper and zinc, to which other alloying metals are added in smaller proportions, depending on the properties required. Brass types with > 67% copper are referred to as tombac, with bronze alloys with at least 60% copper unless they are assigned to brasses by the main alloy additive zinc.
  • a hard metal penetrator is worked into this solid copper-based alloy, i.e. embedded.
  • the penetrator is completely surrounded by this copper-based alloy.
  • the surface of the small caliber projectile can be provided with a thin tin coating, at least partially.
  • This small caliber projectile forms the basis of low-emission small caliber ammunition.
  • the small-caliber ammunition has, for example, a lead-free and barium-free percussion cap, which is arranged in the base of a propellant-charge case accommodating the small-caliber projectile and a propellant charge.
  • the advantages of the AP bullet are also that it is inexpensive to manufacture and can be made from only two parts. A favorable center of gravity and good stability on the trajectory are realized. Splinters are avoided on soft targets, and high penetration is achieved on hard targets.
  • a projectile body 1 with at least one blind hole 3, 4.
  • the projectile body 1 consists of a copper-based alloy
  • the penetrator 2 preferably consists of a hard metal.
  • copper-based alloys include brass, tombac and bronze.
  • the penetrator 2 is inserted or inserted into the at least one blind hole 3 of the projectile body 1 .
  • a projection 1.1 of the projectile body 1 remains disengaged from the penetrator 2.
  • the incorporation can take place, for example, using a rotary kneading machine.
  • the projection 1.1 is preferably continuously kneaded around the penetrator 2 until this projection 1.1 has now completely surrounded the penetrator 2 by the preferred copper-based alloy of the projectile body 1 in the front area 1.1'.
  • the penetrator or the hard metal core 2 is completely surrounded on all sides by the projectile body material.
  • the projectile body 1 and the penetrator 2 now form a projectile 10 ( Figures 4, 5 ).
  • figure 5 shows a variant of a small caliber projectile 10', which is designed as a solid (mass), a projectile body 1' preferably made of copper-based alloy with a hard metal core 2'.
  • the projectile body 1' here has only one blind hole 3'.
  • Grooves 2.1 (2.1') are introduced, for example pressed, into the bottom of the penetrator 2 (2'). This leads to interlocking of the penetrator 2, (2') with the projectile body 1, (1 ') ( 2 ), at the bottom of the penetrator 2 (2') and the blind hole 3 (3').
  • the small caliber projectile 10, 10' contains no toxic components. If desired, the surface can be provided with a thin tin coating, at least partially.
  • This small caliber projectile 10, 10' forms the basis of a low-emission small caliber ammunition. So that the small caliber ammunition itself is low in pollutants, the small caliber ammunition has, for example, a lead and barium-free percussion cap which is arranged in the base of a propellant charge case (not shown) that accommodates the small caliber projectile 10, 10' and a propellant charge.
  • the mass or the weight of the penetrator 2 allows the small caliber projectile 10, 10' to be aimed at combating soft as well as hard targets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kleinkalibergschosses sowie ein Kleinkalibergeschoss und eine Kleinkalibermunition mit einem derartigen Kleinkalibergeschoss, welche sich durch eine Schadstoffarmut auszeichnen.The invention relates to a method for producing a small-caliber projectile and a small-caliber projectile and small-caliber ammunition with such a small-caliber projectile, which are characterized by low levels of pollutants.

Als schadstoffarm wird eine Patrone bezeichnet, wenn diese zumindest ein blei- und bariumfreies Anzündhütchen aufweist und wenn das Geschoss ein abgedecktes Bleiheck besitzt.A cartridge is considered low-emission if it has at least one lead-free and barium-free primer cap and if the bullet has a covered lead corner.

Ein bleireduziertes oder bleifreies Jagdbüchsengeschoss mit verbesserter Haltekraft des Kerns im Mantel beschreibt die DE 100 42 711 A1 . Zur Verbesserung der Haltekraft wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Kern und der Mantel zusätzlich zur kraftschlüssigen Verbindung eine formschlüssige und / oder stoffschlüssige Verbindung aufweist. Als Kernwerkstoffe werden nichtmetallische Werkstoffe wie Kunststoff genannt. Weitere Werkstoffe des Kerns können Kupfer, Zinn, Zink, Eisen, Wolfram, Titan etc. sein. Der Mantel hingegen besteht aus den üblichen Mantelwerkstoffen wie Stahl, tombakplattierter Stahl, Tombak (Kupfer-ZinkLegierung) oder Kupfer.A reduced-lead or lead-free hunting rifle bullet with improved core holding power in the jacket describes the DE 100 42 711 A1 . In order to improve the holding force, it is proposed that the core and the jacket have a positive and/or material connection in addition to the non-positive connection. Non-metallic materials such as plastic are mentioned as core materials. Other core materials can be copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, etc. The jacket, on the other hand, consists of the usual jacket materials such as steel, tombac-plated steel, tombac (copper-zinc alloy) or copper.

Ein Jagdbüchsengeschoss mit zusätzlich gekapseltem Kern benennt die DE 100 45 009 A1 . Hier wird der Kern zusätzlich zum Außenmantel von einem weiteren Mantel, dem Kernmantel, umschlossen. Der Kern ist dadurch vollständig umschlossen. Jedoch besteht der Kern aus einem toxischen Werkstoff, wie beispielsweise Blei.A hunting rifle bullet with an additional encapsulated core names the DE 100 45 009 A1 . In addition to the outer cladding, the core is surrounded by another cladding, the core cladding. This completely encloses the core. However, the core is made of a toxic material such as lead.

Eine Patrone für Handfeuerwaffen, mit einer mit einem Anzündhütchen versehenen und eine Treibladung enthaltende Patronenhülse sowie mit einem in den Hals der Patronenhülse eingesetzten Geschoss offenbart die DE 197 10 113 A1 , wobei das Geschoss einen Mantel, einen in dem Mantel angeordneten harten Kern und einen den Kern im Mantel haltenden Träger aufweist.A cartridge for handguns, with a cartridge case provided with a primer cap and containing a propellant charge, and with a projectile inserted into the neck of the cartridge case is disclosed in US Pat DE 197 10 113 A1 , the projectile having a mantle, a hard core disposed in the jacket and a carrier holding the core in the jacket.

Die FR 2821151 A1 offenbart ein Projektil mit einem unterkalibrigen Kern, insbesondere für Klein- und Mittelkalibermunition. Das Projektil besteht aus einem Kern und einer Hülle. Die Hülle wird mit ihrem ogivalen Ende auf den Kern gecrimpt. Der Kern hat einen zentralen Zylinder, der im vorderen Teil durch eine konische Spitze verlängert ist. Im hinteren Teil weist der Kern ein kegelstumpfförmiges Lager auf, das mit der Hülle zusammenarbeitet. Zwischen dem zentralen Zylinder des Kerns und einer konischen Bohrung der Hülle ist ein Ringspiel eingebunden. Dieses Spiel nimmt von einer Kante zum Lager zu. Durch dieses Spiel kann die Hülle durch radiale Kompression verformt werden, wodurch der Verschleiß eines Waffenrohres verringert werden kann.The FR2821151A1 discloses a projectile with a sub-caliber core, particularly for small and medium caliber ammunition. The projectile consists of a core and a shell. The sheath is crimped onto the core with its ogival end. The nucleus has a central cylinder, extended in the front part by a conical tip. In the rear part, the core has a frustoconical bearing that cooperates with the sheath. Ring play is incorporated between the central cylinder of the core and a conical bore of the cladding. This game increases from a ledge to camp. This play allows the shell to be deformed by radial compression, which can reduce wear on a weapon barrel.

Ein verbessertes Geschoss von kleinem Kaliber mit einer gewissen panzerbrechenden Eigenschaft zeigt die DE 697 13 760 T2 auf. Das Geschoss besteht aus einem dünnen metallischen Werkstoff als Mantel und einem darin eingeschlossenen Geschosskern aus festem Werkstoff, wie Hartmetall, Schwermetall etc. Ein Ballastmaterial, das den hintersten Teil des Geschossmantels ausfüllt, besteht aus einer Bleilegierung.An improved small-caliber bullet with some armor-piercing property shows the DE 697 13 760 T2 on. The bullet consists of a thin metallic material as a jacket and a bullet core enclosed in it made of solid material such as hard metal, heavy metal, etc. A ballast material that fills the rearmost part of the bullet jacket consists of a lead alloy.

Die DE 197 30 968 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Geschosses und ein Geschoss. Gefertigt wird in schalenartiger Rohling aus Metall, wobei der Rohling zu einem Mantel bearbeitet wird, der eine Basis und eine daran angrenzenden, einen Hohlraum umgebende, wesentlich zylindrische Wandung aufweist. Am hinteren Ende des Geschosskerns sind Greifmittel vorgesehen. Die Greifmittel bestehen aus Kanten oder Nuten. Diese wirken mit Empfangsmitteln im Mantel zusammen und verriegeln das Kernende fest an die Basis des Mantels.The DE 197 30 968 A1 describes a method of making a bullet and a bullet. Manufactured in a bowl-like blank of metal, the blank is machined into a shell having a base and a substantially cylindrical wall adjacent thereto and defining a cavity. Gripping means are provided at the rear end of the bullet core. The gripping means consist of edges or grooves. These cooperate with receiving means in the cladding and lock the core end firmly to the base of the cladding.

Übliche Geschosse im Kleinkaliberbereich, wie 5,56mmx45 und 7,62mmx51, weisen tiefgezogene Tombak- oder tombakplattierte-Stahlmäntel auf, deren Wirkmasse durch einen Bleikern gebildet wird. Sogenannte Hartkerngeschosse enthalten vor dem Bleikern zusätzlich einen Stahlkern als Penetrator.Common bullets in the small caliber range, such as 5.56mmx45 and 7.62mmx51, have deep-drawn tombac or tombac-plated steel jackets, the effective mass of which is formed by a lead core. So-called hard-core bullets also contain a steel core as a penetrator in front of the lead core.

Die DE 29 510 977 U1 beschäftigt sich mit einem Projektil für Patronen für Waffen mit gezogenem Lauf, aufweisend einen Kern, der die Hauptmasse des Projektils darstellt. Eine Hülle, ist auf die Außenseite des Kerns aufgebracht und bedeckt diesen zumindest teilweise, wobei die Hülle sowohl von außen wie auch zum Kern hin vollständig mit einer Zinnschicht von einer vorbestimmten Dicke überzogen ist. Vor dem Bleikern ist eine Stahlspitze vorgesehen.The DE 29 510 977 U1 deals with a projectile for cartridges for rifled weapons, having a core which is the main mass of the projectile. A cladding is applied to the outside of the core and at least partially covers it, the cladding being completely coated both from the outside and towards the core with a layer of tin of a predetermined thickness. A steel tip is provided in front of the lead core.

Sogenannte Solid-Geschosse, d.h. Geschosse aus einer massiven Kupferbasislegierung haben aufgrund ihres im Vergleich zum Blei geringeren spezifischen Gewichts eine größere Länge, um ein vorgesehenes Gesamtgewicht zu erreichen. Nachteilig ist, dass damit eine unzureichende Stabilisierung auf der Flugbahn durch den im Waffenlauf eingebrachten Drall einhergeht. Das führt zu einer geringen außerballistischen Stabilität derartiger Geschosse. Für eine gute Stabilität wären kürzere Dralllängen notwendig, was bei bereits eingeführten Waffen sich so nicht realisieren lässt.So-called solid bullets, i.e. bullets made of a solid copper-based alloy, have a greater length due to their lower specific weight than lead in order to achieve the intended total weight. The disadvantage is that this is accompanied by insufficient stabilization on the trajectory due to the twist introduced in the gun barrel. This leads to a low non-ballistic stability of such projectiles. Shorter twist lengths would be necessary for good stability, which cannot be realized in weapons that have already been introduced.

Hier stellt sich die Erfindung die Aufgabe, ein Kleinkalibergeschoss aufzuzeigen, das schadstoffarm ist, kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann und vorgenannte Nachteile nicht aufweist.The object of the invention is to present a small-caliber projectile that is low in pollutants, can be produced inexpensively and does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 2. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen spiegeln die Unteransprüche wieder.The object is achieved by the features of patent claims 1 and 2. Advantageous configurations are reflected in the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Geschoss gleicht die geringe Dichte der Kupferbasislegierung gegenüber Blei durch eine höhere Dichte des Hartmetall-Penetrators aus. Dadurch kann eine Verlängerung des Geschosses, wie vorgenannt beschrieben, entfallen. Das Geschoss kann eine übereinstimmende Gesamtlänge wie bisherige Geschosse aufweisen. Die innen-, außen- und ziel-ballistischen Forderungen können eingehalten werden, mit dem Vorteil einer erhöhten Durchschlagsleistung gegen halbharte Ziele.A projectile according to the invention compensates for the low density of the copper-based alloy compared to lead through a higher density of the hard metal penetrator. As a result, an extension of the projectile, as described above, can be omitted. The projectile can have the same overall length as previous projectiles. The interior, exterior and target ballistic requirements can be met, with the advantage of increased penetration performance against semi-hard targets.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 werden ein schadstoffarmes Geschoss und damit eine schadstoffarme Patrone mit erhöhter Durchschlagsleistung gegenüber bestehenden Konzepten geschaffen. Der Aufbau des Geschosses ergibt sich aus der Kombination schadstoffarmes, spezifisch leichtes Solid-Geschoss mit einem vollständig umschlossenen Penetrator mit einer spezifisch höheren Dichte als Kern. Abgebildet wird somit ein Solid-Geschoss mit einem Hartkern.The method according to the invention according to claim 1 creates a low-emission projectile and thus a low-emission cartridge with increased penetration compared to existing concepts. The structure of the bullet results from the combination of a low-emission, specifically light solid bullet with a completely enclosed penetrator with a specifically higher density as the core. A solid bullet with a hard core is thus shown.

Das Geschoss wird aus bevorzugt zwei Halbzeugen (Geschosskörper, Penetrator) erstellt. Zunächst wird ein Geschosskörper aus einer Kupferbasislegierung (Messing, Tabak, Bronze) erzeugt. Die Herstellung kann aus fließpressbaren Ronden erfolgen. Der Geschosskörper ist außen überkalibergroß und wird beim Schuss in die Züge und Felder des Waffenrohrs gepresst. Der Geschosskörper weist eine Sacklochbohrung auf, in die von vorn der maßlich abgestimmte Hartkern (Penetrator) eingesetzt werden kann. D.h., die Maße der Sacklochbohrung und die des Penetrators sind aufeinander abgestimmt.The bullet is preferably made from two semi-finished products (bullet body, penetrator). First, a bullet body is made from a copper-based alloy (brass, tobacco, bronze). They can be manufactured from extrudable blanks. The body of the bullet is oversized on the outside and is pressed into the rifling and fields of the gun barrel when the shot is fired. The body of the bullet has a blind hole into which the dimensionally matched hard core (penetrator) can be inserted. This means that the dimensions of the blind hole and those of the penetrator are matched.

Der Hartkern ist ein überwiegend zylindrisches Bauteil aus Wolframcarbit mit einer Spitze am vorderen Ende. In den Boden des Hartkernrohlings sind Rillen eingepresst, die beim Abschuss zu einer Verzahnung mit dem Geschosskörper führen. Dadurch wird die Übertragung des Dralls eines Waffenrohres sicher auf den Hartkern übertragen.The hard core is a predominantly cylindrical component made of tungsten carbide with a tip at the front end. Grooves are pressed into the base of the hard core blank, which lead to an interlocking with the bullet body when fired. As a result, the transfer of the twist of a weapon barrel is safely transferred to the hard core.

Der Hartkern wird in den Geschosskörper bevorzugt eingesetzt. Der mit dem eingesetzten Hartkern versehene Geschosskörper kann dann beispielsweise einer Rundknetmaschine zugeführt werden und der Geschosskörper bzw. dessen Werkstoff im vorderen Bereich verjüngt, sodass dieser um den Hartkern herum nach vorne fließt. Es entsteht ein Vollgeschoss mit vollständig umschlossenem Hartkern.The hard core is preferably used in the bullet body. The projectile body provided with the inserted hard core can then be fed to a rotary swaging machine, for example, and the projectile body or its material is tapered in the front region, so that it flows forward around the hard core. The result is a full floor with a completely enclosed hard core.

Durch den einbringbaren Penetrator wird eine erhöhte Durchschlagleistung gegen halbharte Ziele erreicht, ohne eine Verformung beim Beschuss sogenannter Weichziele aufzuweisen. Das Geschoss kann dadurch universell (multi purpose) gegen weiche wie auch halbharte Ziele eingesetzt werden. Das Geschoss erfüllt durch das einstellbare Geschossgewicht, d.h. durch die Wahl des Penetrators bzw. Materials des Penetrators, auch eine erforderliche Übereinstimmung der Flugbahn mit den bisher verwendeten Hart- und den verwendeten Weichkerngeschossen.The insertable penetrator achieves increased penetration against semi-hard targets without showing any deformation when shooting at so-called soft targets. The projectile can thus be used universally (multi-purpose) against soft as well as semi-hard targets be used. Due to the adjustable projectile weight, ie through the choice of the penetrator or the material of the penetrator, the projectile also fulfills a required correspondence of the trajectory with the hard core and soft core projectiles used hitherto.

Diese Idee kann nunmehr auch auf Geschosse im Kaliberbereich von 4.6mm × 30 bis 12,7 mm × 99 übertragen werden, wobei dieser Kaliberbereich nicht einschränkend anzusehen ist.This idea can now also be transferred to projectiles in the caliber range from 4.6 mm × 30 to 12.7 mm × 99, with this caliber range not being to be regarded as limiting.

Vorgeschlagen wird ein Kleinkalibergeschoss, das als Solid (Masse) aus Kupferbasislegierung mit einem Hartmetallkern ausgeführt ist. Zu Kupferbasislegierungen zählen neben Kupfer als Basis Zusätze wie Zink und Zinn in variablen Legierungsanteilen, was zu der Bezeichnung Messing, Tombak oder Bronze führt.A small caliber bullet is proposed, which is designed as a solid (mass) made of copper-based alloy with a hard metal core. In addition to copper as a basis, copper-based alloys include additives such as zinc and tin in variable alloy proportions, which leads to the designations brass, tombac or bronze.

Messing ist dabei eine der bekanntesten Kupferlegierungen. Den Messinglegierungen ist gemeinsam, seien es Guss- oder Knetlegierungen, dass ihre Hauptbestandteile die Metalle Kupfer und Zink sind, zu denen je nach verlangter Eigenschaft noch weitere Legierungsmetalle in geringeren Anteilen hinzugefügt werden. Als Tombak werden Messingsorten mit > 67% Kupfer bezeichnet, mit Bronze Legierungen mit mindestens 60% Kupfer soweit sie nicht durch den Hauptlegierungszusatz Zink den Messingen zugeordnet sind.Brass is one of the best-known copper alloys. What all brass alloys have in common, whether they are cast or wrought alloys, is that their main components are the metals copper and zinc, to which other alloying metals are added in smaller proportions, depending on the properties required. Brass types with > 67% copper are referred to as tombac, with bronze alloys with at least 60% copper unless they are assigned to brasses by the main alloy additive zinc.

In diese massive Kupferbasislegierung wird ein Penetrator aus Hartmetall eingearbeitet, d.h. eingelagert. Der Penetrator wird von dieser Kupferbasislegierung vollständig umschlossen. Die Oberfläche des Kleinkalibergeschosses kann, wenn erwünscht, mit einer dünnen Verzinnung versehen werden, zumindest teilweise. Dieses Kleinkalibergeschoss bildet die Grundlage einer schadstoffarmen Kleinkalibermunition. Damit aber auch die Kleinkalibermunition selbst schadstoffarm ist, weist die Kleinkalibermunition beispielsweise ein blei- und bariumfreies Anzündhütchen auf, das im Boden einer das Kleinkalibergeschoss und eine Treibladung aufnehmenden Treibladungshülse angeordnet ist.A hard metal penetrator is worked into this solid copper-based alloy, i.e. embedded. The penetrator is completely surrounded by this copper-based alloy. If desired, the surface of the small caliber projectile can be provided with a thin tin coating, at least partially. This small caliber projectile forms the basis of low-emission small caliber ammunition. However, so that the small-caliber ammunition itself is also low in pollutants, the small-caliber ammunition has, for example, a lead-free and barium-free percussion cap, which is arranged in the base of a propellant-charge case accommodating the small-caliber projectile and a propellant charge.

Die Vorteile des AP-Geschosses liegen des Weiteren darin, dass dieses in der Herstellung kostengünstig und aus nur zwei Teilen möglich ist. Es wird eine günstige Schwerpunktlage und gute Stabilität auf der Flugbahn realisiert. Auf Weichzielen wird eine Splitterbildung vermieden, bei Hartzielen eine hohe Durchschlagsleistung erreicht.The advantages of the AP bullet are also that it is inexpensive to manufacture and can be made from only two parts. A favorable center of gravity and good stability on the trajectory are realized. Splinters are avoided on soft targets, and high penetration is achieved on hard targets.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Geschosskörper,
Fig. 2
einen Hartkern-Penetrator,
Fig. 3
den aus Fig. 2 in den Geschosskörper aus Fig. 1 eingesetzten Hartkern-Penetrator,
Fig. 4
ein fertiges Geschoss nach einer ersten Ausführung mit zwei Sacklochbohrungen,
Fig. 5
ein fertiges Geschoss nach einer zweiten Ausführung mit einer Sacklochbohrung.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with a drawing. It shows:
1
a projectile body,
2
a hard core penetrator,
3
the off 2 into the bullet body 1 used hard core penetrator,
4
a finished bullet according to a first version with two blind holes,
figure 5
a finished bullet according to a second embodiment with a blind hole.

In Fig. 1 dargestellt ist ein Geschosskörpers 1 mit wenigsten einer Sacklochbohrung 3, 4.In 1 shown is a projectile body 1 with at least one blind hole 3, 4.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Hartkern bzw. einen Penetrator 2. Dieser wird in die wenigstens eine Sacklochbohrung 2 eingesetzt (Fig. 3). Der Geschosskörper 1 besteht aus einer Kupferbasislegierung, der Penetrator 2 besteht bevorzugt aus einem Hartmetall. Zu den Kupferbasislegierungen zählen neben dem Grundwerkstoff Kupfer Messing, Tombak oder Bronze. 2 shows a hard core or a penetrator 2. This is inserted into the at least one blind hole 2 ( 3 ). The projectile body 1 consists of a copper-based alloy, the penetrator 2 preferably consists of a hard metal. In addition to the base material copper, copper-based alloys include brass, tombac and bronze.

Der Penetrator 2 wird in die wenigstens eine Sacklochbohrung 3 des Geschosskörpers 1 eingesetzte bzw. eingelegt. Dabei bleibt ein Überstand 1.1 des Geschosskörpers 1 außer Eingriff mit dem Penetrator 2.The penetrator 2 is inserted or inserted into the at least one blind hole 3 of the projectile body 1 . A projection 1.1 of the projectile body 1 remains disengaged from the penetrator 2.

Dieser kann nunmehr in die massive Kupferbasislegierung des vorderen Bereichs 1.1 des Geschosskörpers 1 eingearbeitet werden. Das Einarbeiten kann beispielsweise durch eine Rundknetmaschine erfolgen. Dabei wird der Überstand 1.1 bevorzugt kontinuierlich um den Penetrator 2 rundgeknetet, bis dieser Überstand 1.1 den Penetrator 2 nunmehr durch die bevorzugte Kupferbasislegierung des Geschosskörpers 1 im vorderen Bereich 1.1' vollständig umschlossen hat. Der Penetrator bzw. der Hartmetallkern 2 wird nach dem Einarbeiten vom Geschosskörpermaterial vollständig und allseitig umschlossen. Der Geschosskörper 1 und der Penetrator 2 bilden nun ein Geschoss 10 (Fig. 4, 5).This can now be incorporated into the solid copper-based alloy of the front area 1.1 of the projectile body 1. The incorporation can take place, for example, using a rotary kneading machine. The projection 1.1 is preferably continuously kneaded around the penetrator 2 until this projection 1.1 has now completely surrounded the penetrator 2 by the preferred copper-based alloy of the projectile body 1 in the front area 1.1'. After incorporation, the penetrator or the hard metal core 2 is completely surrounded on all sides by the projectile body material. The projectile body 1 and the penetrator 2 now form a projectile 10 ( Figures 4, 5 ).

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Variante eines Kleinkalibergeschoss 10', das als Solid (Masse), einem Geschosskörper 1' aus bevorzugt Kupferbasislegierung mit einem Hartmetallkern 2' ausgeführt ist. Der Geschosskörper 1' weist hier nur eine Sacklochbohrung 3' auf. figure 5 shows a variant of a small caliber projectile 10', which is designed as a solid (mass), a projectile body 1' preferably made of copper-based alloy with a hard metal core 2'. The projectile body 1' here has only one blind hole 3'.

In den Boden des Penetrators 2, (2') sind Rillen 2.1, (2.1') eingebracht, beispielsweise eingepresst. Dies führen beim Abschuss zu einer Verzahnung des Penetrators 2, (2') mit dem Geschosskörper 1, (1 ') (Fig. 2), am Boden des Penetrators 2 (2') und der Sacklochbohrung 3 (3').Grooves 2.1 (2.1') are introduced, for example pressed, into the bottom of the penetrator 2 (2'). This leads to interlocking of the penetrator 2, (2') with the projectile body 1, (1 ') ( 2 ), at the bottom of the penetrator 2 (2') and the blind hole 3 (3').

Das Kleinkalibergeschoss 10, 10' enthält keine toxischen Bestandteile. Die Oberfläche kann, wenn erwünscht, mit einer dünnen Verzinnung versehen werden, zumindest teilweise. Dieses Kleinkalibergeschoss 10, 10' bildet die Grundlage einer schadstoffarmen Kleinkalibermunition. Damit aber auch die Kleinkalibermunition selbst schadstoffarm ist, weist die Kleinkalibermunition beispielsweise ein blei- und bariumfreies Anzündhütchen auf, das im Boden einer das Kleinkalibergeschoss 10, 10' und eine Treibladung aufnehmenden Treibladungshülse angeordnet ist (nicht näher dargestellt). Über die Masse bzw. das Gewicht des Penetrators 2 kann das Kleinkalibergeschoss 10, 10` auf die Bekämpfung von weichen wie auch harten Zielen ausgerichtet werden.The small caliber projectile 10, 10' contains no toxic components. If desired, the surface can be provided with a thin tin coating, at least partially. This small caliber projectile 10, 10' forms the basis of a low-emission small caliber ammunition. So that the small caliber ammunition itself is low in pollutants, the small caliber ammunition has, for example, a lead and barium-free percussion cap which is arranged in the base of a propellant charge case (not shown) that accommodates the small caliber projectile 10, 10' and a propellant charge. The mass or the weight of the penetrator 2 allows the small caliber projectile 10, 10' to be aimed at combating soft as well as hard targets.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for producing a small-caliber projectile (10, 10') comprising a projectile body (1, 1') made of a solid copper-based alloy and a penetrator (2, 2') introduced therein which is completely enclosed by the projectile body (1), the method comprising the following steps:
    • inserting the penetrator (2, 2') into at least one blind bore of the projectile body (1), wherein a protrusion (1.1) of the projectile body (1) remains out of engagement with the penetrator (2, 2'),
    • incorporating the penetrator (2, 2') into the solid copper-based alloy by rotary kneading of the protrusion (1.1) until this protrusion (1.1) has completely enclosed the penetrator in the front region (1.1').
  2. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') produced by the method according to claim 1.
  3. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to claim 2, characterized in that the copper-based alloy comprises, building on copper, additions such as zinc or tin.
  4. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the penetrator (2, 2') consists of hard metal.
  5. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a surface of the small-caliber projectile (10, 10') is at least partially tin-coated.
  6. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the projectile body (1, 1') has at least one blind hole (3, 3') into which the penetrator (2, 2') is inserted.
  7. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that grooves (2.1, 2.1') are present in the base of the penetrator (2, 2').
  8. Small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the penetrator (2, 2') is a predominantly cylindrical component made of tungsten carbide with a tip at the front end.
  9. Small-caliber ammunition having a small-caliber projectile (10, 10') according to any of claims 2 to 8.
  10. Small-caliber ammunition according to claim 9, characterized in that the small-caliber ammunition has a lead-free and barium-free primer cap.
  11. Small-caliber ammunition according to claim 9 or claim 10 in the caliber 4.6 mm×30 to 12.7 mmx99.
EP18727768.6A 2017-06-12 2018-05-24 Method for the production of a small calibre bullet, small calibre bullet and small calibre ammunition with such a small calibre bullet Active EP3638974B1 (en)

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DE102017112889.1A DE102017112889A1 (en) 2017-06-12 2017-06-12 Kleinkalibergschoss and small caliber ammunition with such a small caliber bullet
PCT/EP2018/063638 WO2018228787A1 (en) 2017-06-12 2018-05-24 Small-calibre projectile and small-calibre ammunition with such a small-calibre projectile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9209598U1 (en) * 1992-07-17 1992-11-12 Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH, 5408 Nassau Cartridge for training purposes
IT1266162B1 (en) 1994-07-12 1996-12-23 Europa Metalli Sezione Difesa TIN-PLATED BULLET, PARTICULARLY FOR SMALL CALIBER AMMUNITION, AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION.
US5621186A (en) * 1995-09-20 1997-04-15 Trophy Bonded Bullets, Inc. Bullet
SE508476C2 (en) 1996-04-26 1998-10-12 Bofors Carl Gustaf Ab Small-caliber shell
FI100917B (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-03-13 Lapua Oy Procedure for the manufacture of a ball and a ball
DE19710113A1 (en) 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Elisenhuette Metallwerk Cartridge for handguns, for high accuracy and penetration of armoured targets
DE10042711A1 (en) 1999-09-08 2001-03-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Bullet for hunting comprises core and mantle connected to it via deformation section
DE10045009A1 (en) 1999-09-11 2001-05-10 Dynamit Nobel Ag Jacketed bullet for hunting rifle has internal, lead-free jacket which extends to its base and encloses core
DE10010500A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Deforming bullet consists of a casing-less body and a hollow chamber extending into the tapered front part of the body centrally to the longitudinal axis of the bullet
FR2821151B1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2004-05-28 Manurhin Defense PERFORATING PROJECTILE FOR A SMALL OR MEDIUM CALIBER AMMUNITION AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING SUCH A PERFORATING PROJECTILE
CA2432112A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-12 Barry W. Kyle Bullet jacket and method for the manufacture thereof
BRPI0511041B1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2018-03-06 Ruag Ammotec SMALL CALIBER PROJECT
US7765934B2 (en) * 2005-05-09 2010-08-03 Ruag Ammotec Lead-free projectile
US7520224B2 (en) * 2006-04-06 2009-04-21 John D. Taylor Advanced armor-piercing projectile construction and method
US9857155B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2018-01-02 James Allen Boatright Rifle bullet

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