EP3494357B1 - Balle solide métallique, système d'outil et procédé de production de balles solides métalliques - Google Patents

Balle solide métallique, système d'outil et procédé de production de balles solides métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3494357B1
EP3494357B1 EP17748727.9A EP17748727A EP3494357B1 EP 3494357 B1 EP3494357 B1 EP 3494357B1 EP 17748727 A EP17748727 A EP 17748727A EP 3494357 B1 EP3494357 B1 EP 3494357B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
blank
inner contour
cavity
preform
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17748727.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3494357A1 (fr
Inventor
Florian Spanner
Heinz Riess
Marcus STIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RWS GmbH
Original Assignee
RUAG Ammotec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUAG Ammotec GmbH filed Critical RUAG Ammotec GmbH
Priority to RS20201148A priority Critical patent/RS61040B1/sr
Priority to PL17748727T priority patent/PL3494357T3/pl
Publication of EP3494357A1 publication Critical patent/EP3494357A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3494357B1 publication Critical patent/EP3494357B1/fr
Priority to HRP20201527TT priority patent/HRP20201527T1/hr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a full metal bullet for training cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a tool arrangement for producing metallic full bullets for training cartridges according to claim 6.
  • the invention further comprises a method for the production of metallic full projectiles for practice cartridges according to claim 11.
  • projectiles for practice cartridges have the requirements of the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm x 19, pollutant-reduced" (in particular: as of September 2009) to comply with the proviso that for practice cartridges some requirements made of cartridge in the technical guideline mentioned, among other things regarding the end ballistic effect, do not have to be met.
  • a generic full floor for practice cartridges is known from EP 2 498 045 A1 .
  • the generic full floor consists of an arched ogive on the front and a cylindrical area connected to it.
  • the well-known full floor is equipped with an ogive wall, which delimits an ogive cavity and is formed on the inside with predetermined breaking points in the form of notches and edges.
  • These predetermined breaking points serve as predetermined zones for initiating or promoting material failure. They facilitate the folding of the projectile solid material with the formation of cracks in the outer skin of the ogive if the projectile hits the face of a target.
  • EP 2 133 655 A2 discloses a projectile for firearms.
  • US 5,943,749 A discloses a manufacturing method for a hollow projectile.
  • US 1,892,158 discloses a projectile for short distances.
  • Out US 3,069,748 is a manufacturing process for projectiles.
  • TR Technical Guideline
  • a metallic full floor for practice cartridges is provided in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the full floor comprising an end-face ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the full floor in a cartridge case and defining a floor length in the axial direction.
  • Solid floors differ from partial shell floors and solid jacket floors in that a solid floor is formed in one piece, in particular from a homogeneous material.
  • the full floor is intended in particular for practice cartridges for use in small arms, ie revolvers, submachine guns and / or pistols.
  • a metallic full floor can also be provided for practice cartridges for rifles.
  • the full storey is preferably provided for practice cartridges up to a caliber of 20 mm, in particular up to a caliber of 12 mm.
  • Cartridges usually consist of a bullet, a cartridge case, propellant powder and a primer.
  • the projectile is the object shot down by the weapon.
  • the weight of a projectile can be between 3 g and 20 g, in particular between 5 g and 15 g, preferably between 5.5 g and 9 g, particularly preferably between 6.0 g and 6.3 g , for example 6.1 g, when using a protective vest must be excluded.
  • the bullets of standard cartridges of 9 mm Luger caliber have a muzzle velocity of 340 mm / sec. or more.
  • the material of the full story is preferably lead-free and / or lead-free.
  • the metal of the full floor preferably has copper.
  • the metal of the full story consists of at least 95%, at least 99%, or at least 99.9% copper.
  • the particularly uncoated bullet particularly preferably consists of pure copper (Cu-ETP), preferably with a specific weight of 8.93 g / cm 3 , in particular of CU-ETP1 according to DIN EN1977 with at least 99.9% copper content and less than 100 ppm oxygen .
  • the metal material of the full storey can be brass (ie a mixture of copper and zinc such as tombac).
  • the specific weight of copper is 8.9g / ccm.
  • the specific weight of zinc is 7.2 g / ccm.
  • the specific weight of brass is at least 8.3 g / ccm, the specific weight of tombac being about 8.6 g / ccm.
  • the cylinder section of the full storey preferably adjoins the arcuate section of the ogive.
  • the ogive section arranged at the front in the direction of flight of the full storey can be referred to as the front.
  • the cylinder section of the full floor, which is in the direction of flight of the floor, can be referred to as the foot side or the rear side.
  • the ogive section is arranged in the axial direction in front of the cylinder section of the full storey.
  • the cylinder section preferably has a circular outer contour in cross section.
  • the shape of the cylinder section preferably corresponds to a vertical or straight circular cylinder.
  • a chamfer section can be arranged in order to simplify the insertion of the full projectile into a neck of a cartridge case and / or to form a particularly aerodynamic rear end (which is generally referred to as a "boat tail").
  • the metallic full storey preferably consists of the front-side ogive section and the rear-side cylinder section.
  • An ogive is, in a strictly geometric sense, a shape in three-dimensional space that is created by the rotating body of the intersection of two arcs. Based on the geometrical term, profiles in longitudinal section are similarly shaped, for example of tips of ballistic projectiles, which should have the lowest possible air resistance when moving. In this respect, an ogive can be understood as a streamlined body of revolution that can be pointed or rounded (flattened) on the face.
  • the ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity delimited circumferentially by the ogive wall.
  • the ogive cavity of the hollow projectile according to the invention allows the projectile to carry out a deformation in the form of a compression upon impact with a target or another resistance.
  • the projectile according to the invention When the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
  • the projectile tip deforms essentially only in the axial direction relative to the cylinder section.
  • the ogive cavity is preferably empty, ie only filled with ambient air.
  • An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed step-free and / or uninterrupted in the circumferential direction and / or has only rounded edges.
  • An outside of the ogive defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed steplessly in the circumferential direction and / or has a constant wall thickness over the circumference, in particular over the full circumference.
  • the projectile is preferably harder at or near its tip than in the rear area.
  • the tip can have a hardness of between 110 HV0.5 to 200 HV0.5, in particular 120 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, preferably 130 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5.
  • the cylinder section can have a low hardness, for example a hardness between 50 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, in particular 75 HV0.5 to 155 HV0.5, preferably 85 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5.
  • a fully cylindrical, in particular solid, trunk section of the full story extends in the axial direction over less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or over 0%, preferably between 40% and 0%, in particular between 20% and 10% or 0%, of the projectile length.
  • the invention relates to a full metal bullet for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the full floor comprising an end-face ogive section and a cylinder section for holding the full bullet in a cartridge case.
  • the ogive section and / or the cylinder section can be designed as described above.
  • a rotationally symmetrical compression or folding without spreading the full storey is made free of steps and / or changes in the rotational symmetry of the ogive cavity Wall thickness of the ogive wall in the circumferential direction, guaranteed.
  • the ogive cavity can preferably be bell-shaped in cross section.
  • the ogive cavity has a bottom.
  • the bottom of the ogive cavity is preferably arranged at the rear or far from the projectile end.
  • a shaft extends into the cylinder section according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the shaft extending into the cylinder section can have a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity.
  • the deformation cavity of the shaft can be at least partially cylindrical and / or at least partially conical with a taper on the end face.
  • the deformation cavity is preferably heart-shaped or ideally conical.
  • a full storey is equipped with an interior which, in addition to the ogive cavity, has a further deformation cavity which extends in the axial direction at the rear, radial impact deformation of the practice cartridge full storey becomes over a large part of the length of the storey or even the entire length of the storey favored.
  • the shaft extending from the bottom of the ogive cavity into the cylinder section can also be referred to as a gap or throat.
  • a throat-like shaft can be realized, for example, by a parabolic funnel-shaped tapering starting from the ogive cavity, which provides a capillary-like microchannel in particular.
  • a capillary-like microchannel preferably has a microscopic opening width, in particular less than 1 mm or less than 1/10 mm.
  • the shaft is narrowed or constricted at least in sections along a capillary-like microchannel or capillary section in such a way that the inner wall of the shaft is shaped into a line-like narrowing.
  • a fusion of the metal material of the full storey transversely to its axial direction, in particular while removing the metal grain boundaries, preferably does not take place along the capillary section.
  • the ogive wall has an ogive wall thickness and the full storey in the cylinder section forms an annular deformation sleeve wall in the axial direction, at least in sections, which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness.
  • the deformation sleeve wall thickness is greater than the ogive wall thickness.
  • the ogive wall preferably extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 55% and / or over at most 75%, preferably at most 60%, of the storey length.
  • the axial extent of the deformation sleeve wall preferably spans between the bottom of the ogive cavity and, if present, the trunk section of the full storey or the lowermost end or foot or stern of the full storey.
  • the inside of the deformation sleeve wall circumferentially delimits a preferably rotationally symmetrical one Deformation cavity and / or microchannel.
  • the inside of the annular deformation sleeve wall can have a diagonal clear width, preferably span a clear diameter width, which in particular changes in the axial direction. In a microchannel, the clear width can extend diagonally between the opposite inner sides of the deformation sleeve over 10 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, for example between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m or about 100 ⁇ m.
  • a microchannel can also have a capillary section with an average clear width of less than 10 ⁇ m or 1 ⁇ m.
  • the tail or foot end of the shaft is preferably shaped like a dome or blind hole at the flat end of the stump.
  • the clear width can be up to several millimeters.
  • an ogive cavity can have a clear width of up to 8 mm, preferably up to 7.5 mm, in particular approximately 7.46 mm.
  • the average deformation sleeve thickness (determined in the radial direction via the height of the deformation sleeve section in the axial direction) can be greater than the average ogive wall thickness (determined in the radial direction via the axial height of the ogive section).
  • the smallest deformation sleeve wall thickness is preferably greater than the largest ogive wall thickness.
  • the particularly large or average ogive wall thickness is preferably less than half of the largest outer radius of the full storey, in particular greater than half of the full storey caliber.
  • the wall sleeve thickness is less than or equal to the radius of the full storey, in particular less than or equal to half the caliber of the full storey.
  • the ogive wall thickness can in particular be less than 1/4 of the largest radius of the full floor, less than 1/8 or less than 1/10 of half the full floor radius.
  • the ogive wall thickness is less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm or less than 0.8 mm.
  • the ogive wall thickness is greater than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.3 mm, greater than 0.5 mm or greater than 1 mm.
  • the mean ogive wall thickness is preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thick.
  • the full storey is blunt on the face.
  • a full floor that is blunt on the end can have, for example, a flattened floor end.
  • the opening angle of the obtuse full storey at its frontmost point which can be referred to as the tip, can preferably be greater than 150 °.
  • the opening angle of the obtuse full storey at its tip is preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, in particular approximately 180 °.
  • An opening angle tangent (on the outside of the floor) can be larger a millimeter axially from the top of a blunt full floor than 120 ° and in particular between 120 ° and 140 °, for example at about 130 °.
  • an opening angle tangent (a second location on the outside of the storey) can be greater than 90 °, for example between 90 ° and 110 °, in particular around 100 °.
  • the full floor has an opening at the end that opens into the ogive cavity.
  • a smallest or inner diameter of the opening is larger than the mean or smallest ogive wall thickness and / or is larger than the opening width of a microchannel and / or larger than 1 mm, 2 mm or even 3 mm.
  • the opening width is preferably less than 7 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 4 mm.
  • Solid storeys with a front opening width of approximately 1.3 mm +/- 0.15 mm are particularly preferred. Surprisingly, such a dimension has resulted in particularly good aerodynamics and advantageous mushrooming behavior, in particular for solid copper bullets.
  • the fully cylindrical trunk section extends in the axial direction over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, or less than 1 mm.
  • a spherical cap can be left out at the rear end of the full storey, which can be dome-shaped, cone-shaped or frustoconical, for example.
  • the dome is preferably provided coaxially and / or concentrically to the axis of symmetry or axis of rotation A of the full storey.
  • the full material trunk height extends between its apex on the storey end and the rear end of the shaft, which forms the microchannel and / or deformation cavity.
  • the dome is preferably frustoconical or conical with an opening angle between 100 ° and 140 °, preferably about 100 °, and / or a dome depth in the axial direction of at least 0.5 mm or at least 1 mm and at most 2.5 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, especially about 1.5 mm.
  • the spherical cap is rotationally symmetrical.
  • a chamfer preferably a frustoconical chamfer, with an opening angle between 30 ° and 90 °, in particular approximately 60 °, and a chamfer height of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, in particular approximately 0.5 mm, can be provided radially on the outside be trained.
  • the calotte volume is less than 15 mm 3 , preferably less than 10 mm 3 , in particular about 9.8 mm 3 .
  • an inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity which is defined in particular by the ogive wall, is completely rounded in the axial direction, preferably formed without steps, and / or has only rounded edges.
  • the inner contour of the ogive cavity runs completely in the axial direction smoothly rounded and / or completely free of jumps, so that preferably there is no pronounced notch effect.
  • the full floor corresponds to the 9 mm Luger caliber.
  • the void volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the front opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel can be between 150 mm 3 and 200 mm 3 , preferably between 185 mm 3 and 192 mm 3 , in particular approximately 189 mm 3 .
  • the mass of a full storey according to the invention of 9 mm Luger caliber can be approximately 6.1 g.
  • this corresponds to a .357 Mag. Caliber, and can have an outer diameter of more than 9.12 mm.
  • the void volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the cavity of the front opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or a microchannel can be between 150 mm 3 and 220 mm 3 , in particular around 196 mm 3 .
  • the full floor according to the invention corresponds to the .40 S&W caliber.
  • a full projectile of the caliber .40 S&W according to the invention can have an outer diameter of 10.17 mm.
  • the cavity volume can be between 250 mm 3 and 290 mm 3 , preferably between 260 mm 3 and 280 mm 3 , in particular between 270 mm 3 and 273 mm 3 , for example around 271.5 mm 3 .
  • the full floor corresponds to the .44 Rem caliber. Mag.
  • a full storey according to the invention of caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Can have an outer diameter of 10.97 mm.
  • the cavity volume of the ogive cavity and optionally the cavity of the front storey opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or the microchannel between 320 mm 3 and 360 mm 3 and in particular between 330 mm 3 and 350 mm 3 , preferably between 339 mm 3 and 343 mm 3 , more preferably between 340 mm 3 and 341 mm 3 , in particular approximately 340.5 mm 3 .
  • the full floor corresponds to the .45 ACP caliber.
  • the outer diameter of the projectile can be 11.48 mm.
  • a cavity volume of the ogive cavity and, if appropriate, an opening volume of a front storey opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel between 370 mm 3 and 410 mm 3 , preferably between 380 mm 3 and 400 mm 3 , in particular between 388 and 393 mm 3 , in particular between 389 mm 3 and 391 mm 3 , preferably about 390.5 mm 3 .
  • the ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity that is circumferentially bounded by the ogive wall, in particular in the radial direction, preferably completely.
  • the invention also relates to a tool arrangement according to claim 6.
  • the preform section is movable relative to the base side for molding a projectile blank up to a preform end position in which the preform stamp, the base side and the projectile blank receptacle define a preform cavity for the preformed projectile blank (first stage).
  • the preform press can comprise a drive for pressing the preform section into a projectile blank arranged in the projectile blank receptacle.
  • the bottom side of the preforming station is preferably realized by a rear stamp which is movable in the axial direction relative to the preform stamp and / or to the projectile blank holder.
  • an axial distance between the bottom side of the preform press projectile blank receptacle (the bottom side of the die of the preform station) and the front surface of the preform stamp is less than 45%, in particular less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5%, a largest Height of the cavity in the axial direction. If the preform section of the preform punch is frustoconical, the greatest height of the cavity can extend between the base of the frustoconical shape of the preform punch and a most distant part of the bottom side of the preform press projectile receptacle, preferably the front upper side of the rear punch.
  • the tool arrangement further comprises an inner contour molding press.
  • the inner contour molding press or inner contour station has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, projectile blank receptacle or inner contour shape outer die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a (inner contour) bottom side, in particular a rear punch.
  • the inner contour molding press can comprise the same projectile blank receptacle and / or the same bottom side, preferably the same rear punch, as the preforming press.
  • the inner contour molding press can comprise a different projectile blank receptacle and / or a different bottom side, preferably a different rear punch, compared to the preforming press.
  • the inner contour molding press comprises an inner contour shaping punch, having an inner contour shaping section that extends in the axial direction to a front surface of the inner contour shaping punch.
  • the inner contour molding section is movable relative to the bottom side of the inner contour molding press for shaping the projectile blank up to an inner contour form end position in which the inner contour shaping stamp, the bottom side and the projectile blank receptacle form an inner contour mold cavity for the internally contoured projectile blank ( second stage).
  • the bottom side of the inner contour forming station is preferably realized by a rear stamp which is movable in the axial direction relative to the inner contour forming stamp and / or to the projectile blank holder.
  • the inner contour shaping punch can have an inner contour shaping punch guide section which is designed to complement the shape of the projectile blank receptacle of the inner contour press in the radial direction and which in particular adjoins the inner contour shaping section in the axial direction.
  • the inner contour molding press can have a drive for pressing the inner contour molding section into a projectile blank arranged in the projectile blank receptacle.
  • the drive of the inner contour molding press can be the same or a different drive than that of the preforming press.
  • an axial distance between the bottom and the front surface of the inner contour press is greater than the axial section between the bottom of the preform press and the front surface of the preform punch in the preform end position, in particular in the inner contour end position.
  • the front surface of the inner contour molding die can be formed as a blunt cone tip, in particular with rounded front edge edges.
  • a blunt cone tip can have an opening angle between 140 ° and 180 °, for example between 150 ° and 170 °, in particular approximately 160 °. If an inner contour form stamp with a blunt cone tip and sleeve form section with a substantially cylindrical outer contour (or a rounded front edge) is provided, it can be referred to as a round stamp.
  • the rounded front edge can have a radius of curvature of at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 1.5 mm or at least 2 mm and / or at most 10 mm, at most 5 mm, at most 3 mm or at most 2.5 mm.
  • An ogive radius of curvature near the tip is preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular approximately 3.1 mm.
  • an ogive radius of curvature is between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 30 mm, in particular approximately 23.5 mm.
  • the inner contour shaped section can be formed in sections, preferably completely, in the axial direction as a sleeve shaped section with an essentially cylindrical or frustoconical outer contour.
  • An essentially cylindrical outer contour can have a draft angle of less than 1 °, in particular less than 0.5 °.
  • an essentially cylindrical sleeve-shaped section can have a cylinder radius difference of approximately 0.03 mm with a cylinder length of approximately 6 mm.
  • the inner contour molding section in particular adjacent to a possibly provided guide section of the inner contour molding die, for example as described above, can have a truncated cone-shaped transition section which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour molding section to the guide section, the transition section preferably having an opening angle between 60 and 120 °, in particular 90 °.
  • the taper of the preform section is the Preform stamp more pointed than the preferably tapered outer contour (or substantially cylindrical outer contour) of the inner contour molding section, in particular the sleeve molding section of the inner contour molding die. It is clear that a sharper contour has a smaller opening angle than a blunt outer contour.
  • the inner contour shaping punch is shorter and blunt in relation to the preform punch.
  • the preform stamp is preferably frustoconical, in particular with a flat front surface and a rounded front surface edge, and longer in the axial direction than the length of the inner contour mold stamp.
  • the inner contour shaping stamp can preferably be embodied essentially in the form of a full cylinder with a blunt front surface and a rounded front edge.
  • the inner contour stamp is preferably rotationally symmetrical.
  • the form stamp allows the blank to be largely or completely pierced in the axial direction.
  • the inner contour shaping stamp enables a part of the material of the full storey blank to be compressed, forming a shoulder, and the section-wise formation of a sleeve section with a relatively large-volume inner cavity, which can be formed into an ogive cavity with one or more other tools of the tool arrangement is.
  • the tool arrangement further comprises a setting press or setting station which has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideally cylindrical, metal blank holder or setting die, which is delimited in the axial direction by a bottom side, which is preferably realized by a rear punch is.
  • Die or metal blank receptacle and bottom side (setting rear punch) of the setting press can in turn differ from the projectile blank receptacle and / or the bottom side of the preform press and / or the inner contour molding press (preform and / or inner contour shape rear punch), or the same (s) be.
  • the tool arrangement When the tool arrangement is designed with setting presses, it also has a setting punch which can be moved relative to the bottom side of the setting press for forming a metal blank up to a final setting position in which the setting punch and the projectile blank receptacle have a setting cavity with a predetermined clearance Form width to define a constant outer diameter, in particular the caliber diameter, of the metal blank.
  • the bottom side of the setting station is preferably realized by a rear punch which is movable in the axial direction relative to the setting punch and / or the die.
  • the setting punch comprises a centering knob which is coaxial with the metal blank receptacle and / or the bottom side and protrudes axially into the cavity for introducing a central, coaxial centering recess into the metal blank.
  • the bottom side of the setting press has a particularly relative to the metal blank holder and / or the setting punch coaxial, in the axial direction A protruding into the cavity dome shape for introducing a dome into the blank, which is preferably conical, frustoconical or dome-shaped.
  • the bottom side of the blank receptacle of the setting press can have a circumferential wedge shape radially on the outside for forming a projectile rear chamfer for inserting the projectile into the neck of a cartridge case and / or for forming a so-called "boat tail".
  • a tool arrangement according to the invention further comprises an ogive molding press or ogive molding station which has a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle or ogive die, which in the axial direction has a concave, ogive-shaped base side, preferably a tip stamp, is limited in particular with a blunt front end, and which has a projectile foot or rear stamp for holding and / or centering the foot end (the rear) of the inner contour-shaped projectile blank, which relative to the bottom side for forming the full storey to an ogive form end position is movable, in which the projectile base stamp, the projectile blank receptacle and the bottom side define a cavity which defines a projectile negative with an ogive section and preferably immediately adjacent cylinder section.
  • the invention further relates to a method according to claim 11.
  • a setting tool such as a setting press or setting station
  • a metal blank is provided using a setting tool
  • a metal blank with a predetermined mass for example a mass precisely measured to 1/10 g, 1/100 g or 1/1000 g
  • a setting tool preferably a setting press, in particular as described above, is brought to a predetermined nominal diameter.
  • the metal blank provided is in particular provided with a fully cylindrical shape. If the metal blank is provided using a setting tool, a frusto-conical centering cutout, for example, can be made on the face side of the metal blank as part of the setting step.
  • a setting step When a setting step is carried out, it can be formed on the foot-side end of the metal blank, which in the course of the manufacturing process is converted into a foot-side projectile part which is to be inserted into the neck of a practice cartridge case.
  • a dome and / or an outside bevel or boat-tail shape can be formed, for example, in the setting step, for example on the rear side of the metal blank.
  • the metal blank is formed in a preforming step into a projectile blank (first stage) with a sleeve-shaped section that extends over more than half the size of the axial blank height at the end of the preforming step, in particular the sleeve-shaped section having a preferably continuously tapering inner contour is formed.
  • the inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section of the projectile blank of the first stage can preferably be shaped like a truncated cone and / or rotationally symmetrically. It is clear that the taper tapers towards the foot end of the blank.
  • the thickness of the sleeve wall in the axial direction of the projectile blank of the first stage preferably increases in particular steadily.
  • the metal blank is preferably formed into a projectile blank with a substantially cylindrical outside having a constant diameter, forming an internally sleeve-shaped section with a preferably conically tapering inside contour.
  • a fully cylindrical trunk section can remain on the rear side of the projectile blank, which extends in the axial direction over less than half, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5% of the largest axial projectile blank height . If, for example, the projectile blank is formed as described above, the greatest axial projectile blank height extends between the upper ring end and the lower ring end of the projectile blank.
  • a fully cylindrical trunk section of the projectile blank preferably remains after the preforming step.
  • the projectile blank of the first stage may have been completely deformed in the manner of a sleeve in such a way that the projectile blank (first stage), in particular with the formation of an axial passage, was completely penetrated in the axial direction.
  • a completely penetrated projectile blank is (not just in sections but) completely sleeve-shaped. If a spherical cap or the like is or has been formed on the foot or rear, it is clear that this spherical cap has a different inner contour than the preferably continuously tapering inner contour of the sleeve-shaped section formed in the preforming step having.
  • the first stage projectile blank is formed without a remaining fully cylindrical trunk section or with a remaining fully cylindrical trunk section of zero height.
  • the nominal diameter of the outside of the metal blank is preferably kept unchanged in the first stage projectile blank produced by the preforming step.
  • the (preformed) projectile blank (first stage) is shaped into an (internally contoured) projectile blank (second stage) in an inner contour shaping step after the preforming step, in such a way that an end-face or front sleeve section of the projectile blank with a radially outer sleeve wall of substantially constant wall thickness and / or cylindrical inner contour is formed, and that a rear or foot-side sleeve section of the projectile blank is formed with a shoulder projecting radially inward from the sleeve wall, and that one of the shoulder, in particular on its radially inner edge outgoing shaft is formed, which extends into the rear sleeve section of the projectile blank, which shaft forms in particular a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity, the deformation cavity being cylindrical and / or at least sectionally at least in sections partly conical with a taper on the face.
  • the inner contour shaping step can preferably take place with a tapering and / or rotationally symmetrical inner contour shaping stamp, such as a round stamp, preferably in a projectile blank receptacle or die.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical outer surface of the projectile blank is preferably maintained in the inner contour molding step.
  • a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder of the projectile blank second stage and a lowermost end of the internally contour-shaped projectile blank is preferably greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical one that may be present at the end of the preforming step Trunk section of the projectile blank.
  • the opposite shoulder surfaces are preferably in contact with one another at the end of a microchannel.
  • the projectile blank of the second stage can be formed in the inner contour molding step with the formation of a capillary-like microchannel with an internal width of less than 10 ⁇ m or 1 ⁇ m.
  • an hourglass-shaped constriction is preferably formed between the front-end sleeve section and the deformation cavity of the projectile blank, which may be at the rear.
  • the shaft extending rearward from the shoulder can be reshaped in such a way that a cavity is formed which is at least partially dissolved in the course of the inner contour shaping step, in particular with the formation of a microchannel, in that the inner surface of the shaft is close, preferably to to a section-wise or two-dimensional contact.
  • the projectile blank (second stage) is formed in the inner contour molding step in such a way that the deformation cavity forms a waist-shaped constriction on the end face.
  • a microchannel is formed in particular between the deformation cavity and the shoulder, in which the inner wall surface of the sleeve section is brought together in a particularly touching manner.
  • a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder and the foot of the projectile blank (second stage) can be greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical trunk section of the projectile blank (first stage) which may be present at the end of the preforming step.
  • the method comprises an ogive molding step.
  • the projectile blank in particular the projectile blank of the second stage, is shaped in such a way that the end-side sleeve wall forms an ogive-shaped outer surface, at least in sections.
  • an end opening can be maintained, which preferably opens into an ogive cavity defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall.
  • the ogive cavity can preferably be defined on the face side by the shoulder.
  • the ogive molding step can be carried out, for example, in that the projectile blank of the first or second stage is pressed into an ogive molding tool with an ogive-shaped inner contour by means of a rear punch, which holds the projectile blank on the rear side, so that the front sleeve wall, which is caused by the preforming step and, if appropriate, the inner contour molding step is defined, is compressed radially inwards.
  • an ogive cavity is preferably formed, which is surrounded by the sleeve wall of the full story.
  • the projectile blank (first or second stage) is preferably formed into a full projectile, in particular as described above.
  • the ogive cavity formed in the ogive molding step is preferably formed completely edge-free in the axial direction and / or with rounded edges and / or a rounded inner contour.
  • the ogive cavity can be made substantially bell-shaped in the ogive molding step.
  • a non-cutting inner contour shaping step can take place, for example, using a preferably tapered, in particular rotationally symmetrical inner contour shaping punch, such as a round punch, in a projectile blank receptacle or die.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a full metal bullet for exercise cartridges further comprises one or more intermediate and / or post-treatment steps, such as coating steps.
  • a coating is applied to the outer and / or inner surface, at least in sections, in particular completely.
  • a coating is preferably applied with a coating thickness of less than 500 ⁇ m, less than 100 ⁇ m, less than 10 ⁇ m or less than 3 ⁇ m or 1 ⁇ m.
  • a coating step can include, for example, galvanic coating of the full floor.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for practice cartridges can in particular be used to produce a metallic full projectile according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for exercise cartridges can preferably be carried out using a tool arrangement according to the invention for producing metallic full storeys for exercise cartridges.
  • a metallic full floor according to the invention (in particular according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention) can be manufactured according to one or more steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a projectile which was produced using a method according to the invention for producing a metallic full projectile for practice cartridges as described above.
  • a metallic full floor according to the invention can preferably be manufactured with a tool arrangement according to the invention.
  • the tool arrangement according to the invention is preferably designed to generate a full floor according to the invention in accordance with the first and / or second aspect of the invention.
  • the tool arrangement according to the invention can be designed to carry out a manufacturing method according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a cartridge with one, in particular exactly one, full floor according to the invention.
  • the invention further relates to a handgun, preferably a handgun, such as a pistol or a revolver, or a submachine gun, which comprises at least five practice cartridges with a metal bullet according to the invention.
  • the handgun or the full projectile is preferably designed for cartridges with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular at most 12 mm.
  • Figure 1a shows a plan view of a full floor 1 and Figure 1b a sectional view according to section line II.
  • the full floor 1 comprises an end-face ogive section 3 and a bottom-side cylinder section 5.
  • the full floor 1 is made in one piece from a homogeneous material.
  • the material of the full floor 1 is preferably copper.
  • the surface of the projectile 1 can be provided with a thin coating.
  • the projectile 1 has an ogive-like, rotationally symmetrical outer contour 34 which is pierced by a circular opening 11 on the end face 13 of the projectile 1.
  • the opening 11 with the opening diameter do is provided concentrically and preferably rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1.
  • the ogive wall 31 extends in a dome-like manner with an ogive-shaped outer contour 34.
  • the outer contour 34 describes in the axial direction A, starting from the projectile tip 13, a continuously rounded ogive shape.
  • the projectile 1 has a radius of curvature of approximately 3.1 mm.
  • the radius of curvature of the outer contour 34 is approximately 23.5 mm.
  • the opening angle of the outer contour 34 with respect to the axis of rotation A is initially obtuse (near the projectile tip 13), so that in particular as a result of the front opening 11, a obtuse projectile tip 13 is formed with an opening angle of 150 ° to 180 °, preferably approximately 180 °.
  • the opening angle of the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 preferably increases continuously.
  • the opening angle based on a tangent of the outer contour 34 at an axial distance of approximately 1 mm from the blunt tip 13 of the floor 1 is between 120 ° and 140 °, in particular approximately 130 °.
  • the tangential opening angle is between 110 ° and 90 °, in particular approximately 100 °.
  • the ogive-shaped outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 runs in such a way that after about 8 mm to 11 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 10 mm, in particular at approximately 9.6 mm, the tangent oriented in the axial direction A on the outer contour 34 runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1. From this point, the outer contour 34 extends in the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1. In the cylinder section 5, the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 runs essentially ideally in a cylindrical manner.
  • the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 is arranged essentially continuously parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1.
  • the cylinder section 5 defines the largest diameter Dz, which can be referred to as the bullet diameter or the caliber diameter.
  • the outer diameter Dz of a bullet for a 9 mm Luger caliber training cartridge can measure 9.02 mm.
  • the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is intended to be inserted at least partially in the axial direction A into the neck (not shown) of a cartridge case (not shown).
  • the cylinder section extends in the axial direction of the projectile 1 over 5 mm to 10 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, in particular between 7 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 7.2 mm and 7.8 mm, particularly preferably it is approximately 7.5 mm.
  • the projectile 1 has a flat foot section or foot that extends transversely, in particular at right angles to the axis of rotation A.
  • a spherical cap 73 can be introduced into the foot 71 of the projectile 1, which is preferably coaxial and concentric with the rotation axis A.
  • the spherical cap 73 is preferably conical and tapers on the end face.
  • a spherical taper 73 may alternatively be dome-shaped or frustoconical, for example.
  • the calotte 73 preferably has a depth of 1.5 mm in the axial direction A.
  • the rear edge 75 between the flat rear 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the region of the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is preferably realized by a bevel-like cone section 75.
  • the cone section 75 can for example extend 1 mm in the axial direction A and have an opening angle of preferably approximately 60 °.
  • a cone section 75 can also be formed as a longer and / or more pointed so-called "boat-tail" section.
  • the projectile 1 has a bell-shaped, rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity 33, which is completely surrounded in the radial direction R by the ogive wall 31. At the face end, the ogive cavity 33 opens into the opening 11 of the projectile 1.
  • the narrowest clear width of the opening 11 defines an opening diameter do, which is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm, in size.
  • the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 surrounds the opening 11 in a ring shape.
  • the inner wall 15 preferably forms a radial one in the circumferential direction and / or axially stepless ring edge. In particular, the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 can merge into the outer contour 34 of the ogive section 3 without edges and / or completely rounded.
  • the inner wall 15 of the opening 11 is uninterrupted in the circumferential direction.
  • the inner wall 15 is preferably free of axially extending notches and / or steps.
  • the tip 13 of the projectile 1 is preferably formed by an essentially smooth annular transition from the inner wall 15 to the outer contour 34.
  • the opening 11 opens into the ogive cavity 33 in the axial direction A.
  • the transition from the opening 11 to the ogive cavity 33 can preferably be completely rounded.
  • a blunt ring edge is formed between the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11 with an obtuse opening angle greater than 135 °.
  • the inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 is preferably completely rotationally symmetrical and in particular continuously rounded in the circumferential direction.
  • the inner contour 32, which surrounds the ogive cavity 33 has no steps, jumps, edges or projections.
  • the ogive wall 31 is circumferentially preferably completely free of axial grooves, projections, notches or the like.
  • the bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 is formed by shoulders 35, which protrude inwards from the ogive wall 31 in the radial direction.
  • the curves of the inner contour 32 preferably merge into the floor 35 without steps and / or without edges, preferably completely rounded.
  • the curves of the inner contour 32 along the ogive wall 31 are preferably formed with radii of curvature that are at least 0.5 mm and up to 5 mm in size.
  • the inner contour 32 of the ogive wall 31 preferably has radii of curvature which are at least 0.5, at least 0.75 or at least 1 mm in size.
  • the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 in the radial direction R is preferably between 0.3 mm and 3 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31 can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  • the smallest wall thickness in the radial direction of the ogive wall 31 is preferably more than 0.5 mm, preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the wall thickness can be greater than 1 mm across the wall.
  • a full storey 1 according to the invention can have a cavity which comprises the ogive cavity 33 and the opening 11, which extends completely in the axial direction A at least over the ogive section 3.
  • the inwardly projecting shoulder 35 which defines the bottom of the ogive cavity 33, and which preferably delimits the ogive cavity 33 on the foot side in particular completely in the axial direction A, can have an opening or opening 37 in the center.
  • the height of the ogive section 3 in the axial direction A has the reference symbol lo.
  • the mouth 37 is preferably concentric and / or coaxial with the axial direction A. Starting from the mouth 37, a shaft 55 extends into the cylinder section 5 of the floor 1 in the axial direction A on the foot side of the ogive cavity 33.
  • the shaft 55 begins at the foot of the ogive cavity 33.
  • the shaft 55 can extend into the ogive cavity with a throat-like opening or mouth 37 33 open.
  • the in Figure 1b Shaft 55 shown has a microchannel 57 and a deformation cavity 53.
  • the diagonally opposite inner edge edge sections collide.
  • a capillary section can be formed in the area of the microchannel 57, in which a channel extends in the axial direction A, starting from the ogive cavity 33 on the storey side, which has a clear width of less than 10 ⁇ m or less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the microchannel 57 has a clear width which is preferably significantly smaller than the opening diameter do of the opening 11 at the tip 13 of the projectile 1.
  • the clear width of the microchannel 57 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm.
  • the shaft mouth 37 can, for example, form a kind of funnel-shaped transition region between the shaft 55 and the ogive cavity 33.
  • the bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33 preferably merges into the mouth 37 rounded, in particular step-free and / or edge-free.
  • the mouth 37 preferably merges into the further sections, for example the microchannel 57 and / or the deformation cavity 53, of the shaft 55.
  • the shaft 55 has a deformation cavity 53 which widens essentially conically in the rear direction.
  • the deformation cavity 53 has an essentially flat rear end in the axial direction A, preferably a flat end which extends transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the axial direction A in the radial direction R.
  • the deformation cavity 53 is wedge-shaped, in particular conical, and tapers.
  • the shaft 55 is at least in sections or in the axial direction rotationally symmetrical with respect to the projectile axis A. In the radial direction R, the shaft 55 is surrounded by a deformation sleeve wall 51 of the projectile 1.
  • the wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the wall thickness of the ogive wall 31. In particular, the smallest wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the greatest radial wall thickness of the ogive wall 31.
  • the wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 can be between half and 1 ⁇ 4 of the cylinder diameter (or: caliber diameter) Dz.
  • the wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is preferably greater than 2/3, greater than 3 ⁇ 4 or even greater than 90% of half (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz.
  • the wall thickness of the ogive wall in the axial region of the ogive cavity 33 is preferably smaller in the middle than 1 ⁇ 4 of the (caliber) cylinder diameter Dz.
  • the axial height l H of the deformation sleeve wall 51 which surrounds the shaft 55, extends in the axial direction between 5 and 10 mm, preferably between 6 and 9 mm, in particular between 7 and 8 mm, preferably starting from the shoulder bottom 35 of the ogive cavity 33
  • the axial height of the deformation cavity 53 is greater than the length of the microchannel section 57.
  • the axial height of the deformation cavity 53 can be at least twice the axial height of the microchannel 57.
  • the cylinder section 5 extends from the foot or rear 71 of the projectile to the ogive section 3 over 3 mm to 10 mm (height lz), preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, in particular over about 6 mm.
  • the calotte preferably has a rear outer diameter of 4 to 6 mm, in particular 5 mm.
  • the edge between the rear 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 can be completely rounded in the region of the cylinder section 5, in particular with a radius of curvature between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 1 mm. Since in the cylinder section 5 there is a deformation cavity 53 which widens at the rear, and optionally a calotte 73, it can be achieved that the center of gravity of the projectile 1 shifts in the axial direction A in the direction of the end face of the projectile 1.
  • the deformation cavity 53 and optionally the spherical cap 73 serve or serve in this respect as a mass balance relative to the ogive cavity 33 provided on the end face.
  • a projectile for projectile cartridges according to the invention can be designed to achieve similar ballistic properties, such as weight, possibly center of gravity, and / or the feeling of shooting, corresponding to practice cartridges or insert cartridges customary for authorities, for example the 9x19 ACTION 4 ammunition.
  • the full storey 1 shown has a solid, fully cylindrical storey trunk 7 or trunk section, in which the storey is designed in the axial direction A in the form of a solid, in particular void-free, full cylinder.
  • the trunk 7 has, in particular in the middle, coaxial to the projectile axis A, no cavity, in particular no cavity that extends axially in the form of a thin capillary channel with the formation of inner edges.
  • the fully cylindrical stem 7 preferably has an ideally cylindrical outside.
  • the trunk 7 can be frustoconical at least in sections on the outside.
  • the trunk cross section 7 is circular.
  • the height of the trunk 7 between the rear 71 or a calotte 73 formed in the rear 71 and the rear end of the deformation cavity 53 is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm.
  • the projectile can be completely penetrated in the axial direction without a trunk. Such floors are described in more detail below.
  • the Figures 2 to 6 show different alternative designs of full floors for practice cartridges according to the invention.
  • the in the Figures 2 to 6 full floors shown largely correspond to that in Figure 1b illustrated full floor.
  • the full floors of the Figures 2 to 6 differ from the full floor 1 according to Figure 1b by the type, shape and size of the shaft extending from the ogive cavity into the cylinder section of the projectile.
  • the full floors of the Figures 1b to 6 have practically the same outer contour, in particular the same dimensions in the axial direction A and / or radial direction R.
  • the following is used for the Figures 2 to 6 the same or similar reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts of the full floor according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a full floor 1.2, which is according to the full floor 1 Figure 1b essentially differs in that the inner walls of the shaft 55.2 are brought together in the axial direction A over a greater length than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2.
  • the axial height of the microchannel section 57.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2, in particular at least twice as large.
  • the shaft 55.2 has a throat-like opening 37.2 which widens in a funnel shape from the microchannel 57.2 to the bottom 35.2 of the ogive cavity 33.
  • the projectile 1.2 has a trunk 7.2. The axial height of the trunk 7.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2.
  • a deformation floor 1.2 according to Figure 2 can arise, for example, in that a deformation storey 1, as in figure 1b is shown to be manufactured, but more metal material is provided for manufacture.
  • the excess material compared to the shape of the full storey 1 is tolerated in the full storey 1.2 in that the opposite inner side sections of the shaft 55.2 are pushed closer to one another in the radial direction R.
  • Figure 3 shows a full floor 1.3 with a tubular shaft 55.3.
  • the shaft 55.3 of the full storey 1.3 forms a deformation tube 58.3 which extends in the axial direction A coaxially to the axis of rotation A of the full storey 1.3 and has an essentially constant clear width.
  • the deformation tube 58.3 can have a constriction in the middle in the axial direction.
  • the shaft 55.3 has a deformation cavity 53.3 which extends essentially over the entire length of the shaft 55.3 up to its mouth 37.3.
  • the deformation tube 58.3 or the microchannel of the full storey 1.3 can be viewed as a sectionally cylindrical deformation cavity 53.3 which merges into the ogive cavity 33 at the mouth 37.3.
  • the deformation sleeve 51.3 of the full storey 1.3 has a cylindrical outside and an almost cylindrical, waisted inside, which defines the deformation tube 58.3.
  • the greatest clear width of the deformation tube 58.3 is smaller than the clear width of the front opening 11, in particular narrower than half, preferably narrower than 1/4 of the clear width.
  • the wall thickness in the radial direction R of the deformation sleeve 51.3 is greater than the average wall thickness of the O-given sleeve 31.3.
  • Figure 4 shows a full floor 1.4 for a practice cartridge, in which the shaft 55.4 is formed in the axial direction A with the formation of a trunk 7.4 as long as the shaft 55.3 of the full floor 1.3 according to Figure 3 .
  • the shaft 55.4 is narrowed along its entire axial length to a microchannel 57.4 which preferably extends in a capillary-like manner from the mouth 37.4 into the cylinder section 5 of the full storey 1.4.
  • the clear width of the microchannel 57.4 is preferably less than 1/10, in particular less than 1/100, of the clear width of the front opening 11 of the full story 1.4.
  • the shoulders 35.4 of the full storey 1.4 are brought together so that the mouth 37.4 of the shaft 55.4 is narrowed at points.
  • the full floor 1.4 is formed with virtually complete dissolution of the deformation cavity. This can be seen as a further narrowing of the shaft 55.4 compared to the shaft 55.2 of the full floor 1.2 or the shaft 55 of the full floor 1.
  • the full storey 1.4 has an increased full material volume, since the cylinder section 5 of the full storey 1.4, despite the formation of a deformation sleeve section 51.4, has practically the same mass as the full storey known from the prior art (which, however, does not have any Deformation sleeve 51.4).
  • the full floor 1.5 which in Figure 5 is shown, has a tubular shaft 55.5 which has a clear width which is almost constant in the axial direction and which extends completely through the cylinder section 5.
  • the continuous deformation tube 58.5 of the full storey 1.5 has the result that the cylinder section 5 is completely implemented as a deformation sleeve 51.5.
  • the deformation tube 58.5 can be viewed as a deformation cavity 53.5 or shaft 55.5, which extends essentially cylindrically from the mouth 37.5 to the calotte 73 of the full storey 1.5. It is clear that a shaft 55.5 penetrating completely into the floor can also extend to the rear 71 of floor 1.5 if no calotte 73 is provided on the rear side of floor 1.5 (not shown).
  • the floor 1.5 can be described as a completely tubular full floor. It has a continuous axial channel, which is composed of the front opening 11, the ogive cavity 33 and the deformation tube 58.5.
  • the smallest clear width of this axial channel corresponds to the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5.
  • the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 or the microchannel of the full storey 1.5 defines a diameter smaller than that of the front opening.
  • the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm.
  • the greatest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably realized at its transition to the ogive cavity (the mouth 37.5) and / or the opening on the calotte side or the rear side and preferably measures less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm.
  • the radial difference between the smallest clear width and the largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 penetrating the cylinder section 5 is preferably less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 200 ⁇ m, in particular less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the shaft 55.6 which completely penetrates the cylinder section 5 in the axial direction A, tapers in sections to form a microchannel 57.6.
  • the microchannel 57.6 can preferably be formed in a capillary-like manner with a clear width of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the capillary-like section of the microchannel 57.6 preferably extends over at least half, preferably at least 2/3, in particular at least 3 ⁇ 4 of the axial length of the Shaft 55.6.
  • the shaft 55.6 can be widened at the end, at the mouth 37.6, and / or at the rear, at the mouth to the calotte 37 or the projectile tail 71, to form a tube-like or tube-like microchannel 57.6. Similar to that in Figure 4
  • the full floor 1.4 shown has the full floor 1.6 according to Figure 6 practically the same mass as the solid bullet for exercise cartridges known from the prior art (which, however, has no deformation sleeve 51.6 or the like).
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a full storey 1 'according to the invention after its impact on a target or a bulletproof vest, such as a ballistic vest of protection class I.
  • the full storey 1' deformed by the impact is both in the area of the ogive section 3 'and in the area of the cylinder section 5 'significantly compressed.
  • the shaft 55 ' which extends into the cylinder section 5' of the full storey 1 ', is widened by the impact of the storey 1' on the target or the like with plastic deformation.
  • the plastic deformation takes place in the form of an upsetting and over a significantly increased axial length in the axial direction A of the full storey 1 ', so that in the full storey according to the invention, its kinetic energy in the case of an impact with a resistance in a relatively greater efficiency in plastic deformation energy is converted than with conventional bullets.
  • a resistance in particular a soft target, such as SK I
  • the ogive sleeve wall 31 preferably folds radially outwards on impact.
  • a radially outermost ring kink 31 ' can form during folding.
  • the bullet does not mushroom while the tip of the bullet migrates, in particular beyond the radial caliber diameter, in the radial direction to the outside.
  • the full floors described above according to the preferred embodiments of the Figures 1 to 7 concern bullets for practice cartridges according to the caliber 9 mm Luger, which is particularly common in Germany, also known as 9 mm Para or 9 x 19 (mm). It is clear to the person skilled in the art that he can also generate a corresponding floor geometry for a full floor according to the invention for other calibers.
  • the person skilled in the art knows how to scale the projectile length l D and / or the (caliber) projectile diameter Dz in order to arrive at a corresponding full projectile of another caliber according to the invention, for example the .357 Mag. Caliber, the caliber. 40 S&W, caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Or the .45 ACP caliber.
  • Figure 8 shows a setting press 100, which can be part of a tool arrangement according to the invention.
  • the setting press 100 has, as essential components, a metal blank receptacle 105X, a rear stamp with a bottom side 107x and a setting stamp 115x.
  • the setting punch 115x preferably has a cylindrical outer diameter which essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x.
  • the inner diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x is preferably dimensioned in accordance with the desired caliber diameter of the projectile to be produced.
  • Figure 8 shows a setting press 100 in a position in which the setting punch 115 is arranged in its operationally most widely inserted position with respect to the bottom side 107X or the metal blank receptacle 105x (final setting position).
  • a cavity is formed between the front side 113x of the setting die 115x, the cylindrical inside of the metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107X, in which a metal blank 1x is located.
  • the in Figure 8 The metal blank 1x shown has a centering punch, which is introduced through a centering projection of the setting press 100 on the end face 13x of the metal blank 1x.
  • the fully cylindrical metal blank 1x On the rear side 71x of the metal blank 1x opposite its front side 13x, the fully cylindrical metal blank 1x has a dome-shaped indentation in the center and concentrically through a correspondingly shaped, conical dome-shaped nose 173x on the bottom side 107x, i.e. the front side of the rear stamp.
  • the metal blank 1x Radially on the outside, the metal blank 1x has a phase-like truncated cone section 75x on its rear side 71x, which is arranged in the edge region between the rear 71x and the cylindrical peripheral side 5x of the metal blank 1x.
  • the phase-side truncated cone section 75x is defined by corresponding tapering in the transition area between the rear punch and the cylindrical inner wall of the setting die 105x.
  • an essentially cylindrical metal blank (not shown) is provided, which has been cut to length from a copper wire, for example.
  • the cutting can be done by cutting, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting.
  • the cut metal blank is then placed in the metal blank holder 105x. Then there is a relative movement of the setting punch 115x relative to the bottom side 107X until the cavity between the setting punch 115x, the die or metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107x to that in FIG Figure 8 shown final setting position is reduced.
  • the bottom side 107x of the press is formed by the front upper side of a rear stamp.
  • the metal blank is shaped into the in the setting press Figure 8 represented metal blank 1x by press forming, i.e. cold forming.
  • the setting of the metal blank which is used for forming a projectile, in particular in a setting press 100, is an optional step of the manufacturing method according to the invention.
  • a metal blank can also be provided in a preform press or for a preforming step without a previous setting step, immediately after being cut to length from a metal wire, such as a copper wire.
  • Figure 9a shows a preform press 101 of a tool arrangement according to the invention.
  • the Figures 9b and 9c show projectile blanks 1a, 1a '(first stage), which were manufactured in a preform press.
  • the preform press 101 has, as essential components, a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105a and a bottom side 107a, which delimits the projectile blank receptacle 105a in the axial direction A, and a preform punch 111 with a preform section 112 tapering in the shape of a truncated cone in the axial direction to a front surface 113.
  • the preform punch 111 has a cylindrical one Guide section 115, which is shaped to complement the cylindrical inner diameter of the projectile blank receptacle 105a in order to guide the preform stamp during the preform pressing process.
  • the bottom surface 107a is formed as part of a rear stamp.
  • the ejection stamp or rear stamp defines, preferably together with the lower end section of the preforming die 105a, the geometry of the rear 71 (optionally with a spherical cap 73) of the projectile blank 1a, 1a '(first stage).
  • Figure 9a shows the preform press 101 with the preform punch 111 in the operational end position (preform end position), in which a preform cavity between the preform punch, the projectile blank receptacle 105a and the bottom side 107a for defining the inner and / or outer contour of the projectile blank 1a (first Level) is defined.
  • the preform section 112 of the preform punch 111 is in the present case frustoconical and rotationally symmetrical.
  • an axial distance h s is formed.
  • the bottom 107a has a spherical cap-shaped nose which extends conically in the axial direction, starting from a flat, ring-shaped foot surface, into the cavity.
  • the preform axial distance h s or the preform trunk height is measured between the tip of the calotte molding nose 171a of the rear die and the front surface 113 of the preform die 111.
  • the preform trunk height h s would be between the flat foot-shaped section 171a of the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111 extend.
  • the preform punch 111 has a tapered preform section 112 which opens into a front surface 113.
  • the front surface 113 can be very narrow.
  • the preform section 112 according to Figure 9a has the shape of a truncated cone which is rotationally symmetrical to the axis A. Other rotationally symmetrical tapered shapes, for example a parabolic shape or a shape rounded in sections, are conceivable.
  • the base of the preform section 112 has the same outer diameter as the guide section 115 of the preform punch 111. In the preform end position, the Figure 9a shows, a greatest height of the cavity h Ra is formed between the base of the preform section 112 and the rear surface 171a of the bottom side 107a.
  • a stem height corresponding to the axial distance hs is less than 45%, preferably less than 40%, in particular less than 25%, more preferably less than 10%, of the cavity height h Ra .
  • the length of the preform section 112 in the axial direction A, starting from the front surface 113 of the preform punch 111, is between 5 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 17 mm, in particular between 10 mm and 15 mm, particularly preferably between 13.5 mm and 14 mm.
  • the diameter of the front surfaces is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, in particular approximately 2 mm.
  • the tool arrangement according to the invention for the setting press 100 and the preform press 101 can use the same projectile blank receptacle 105a or metal blank receptacle 105x (same die) and / or the same bottom side 107a or 107x (same rear punch).
  • the projectile blank receptacle 105a or 105b (the die) and / or the bottom surface 107a or 107b (the rear punch) of the preforming press 101 and the inner contour molding press 103 can be the same.
  • the setting press 100, preforming press 101, the inner contour forming press 103 and / or the ogive forming press 200 can be realized partially or completely different from one another by an individual setting station, preforming station, inner contour forming station and / or ogive forming station.
  • the metal blank located in the preform press 101 by pressing the punch 111 in the projectile blank receptacle 105a produces the projectile blank first stage 1a, as in FIG Figure 9b shown.
  • a trunk height l s remains between the stump end 113a of the angular truncated inner contour 32 and the rear end 71a or the dome recess 73 formed therein.
  • the trunk height l s extending in the axial direction A essentially corresponds to the preform axial distance h s Figure 9a , whereby metal material settling phenomena of the projectile blank 1a have to be taken into account.
  • the projectile blank 1a is formed with a fully cylindrical trunk section 7a.
  • the projectile blank 1a has a solid, fully circular cross section transverse to the axial direction A.
  • the trunk section 7a of the projectile blank 1a is formed on the foot or rear side (away from the forehead 13a) of the projectile blank 1a.
  • the outer contour 34a of the projectile blank 1a is essentially ideally cylindrical and preferably has an outer diameter which corresponds to the projectile cylinder diameter Dz.
  • the projectile diameter Dz is preferably generated in the metal or projectile blank before it is provided in the molding press 101, and the outer diameter of the projectile remains in the preform press 101 (and, if appropriate, the inner contour molding press 103 and / or the ogive form press 200). constant at least in sections.
  • the projectile outer diameter remains constant after the metal or projectile blank has been provided in the preform press until the end of the production process.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve section 3a of the projectile blank 1a preferably increases continuously, in particular continuously, from the forehead 13a of the projectile blank 1a to the rear 71a thereof.
  • the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the radial direction R is smaller than the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the cylinder section 5a.
  • the frustoconical recess 55a in the projectile blank 1a has an inner contour 32a which essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the preform punch 111 (the preform portion 112 and the front surface 113) thereof.
  • the cavity recess 55a of the projectile blank 1a will have a different inner contour which is formed to complement the respective tapering preform punch.
  • Figure 9c shows an alternative embodiment of a projectile blank 1a '(first stage), different inner contour stump ends 113a, 113a', 113a "being shown.
  • the projectile blank 1a' is completely penetrated in the axial direction A, so that the projectile blank 1a 'is completely sleeve-shaped.
  • the puncture opening 55a ' merges into the cap nose 73a'.
  • a suitably adapted preform press with a frustoconical dome nose must be used to form such a shape.
  • the inner contour 32a 'of the sleeve wall 31a' takes in the in Figure 9c
  • the projectile blank 1a ' shown, preferably continuously in particular up to the point (113a') at which the shaft opening 55a 'of the projectile blank 1a' merges into the spherical recess 73a '.
  • the completely penetrated projectile blank 1a 'shown is not a fully cylindrical projectile blank trunk.
  • the projectile blank 1a is formed free from a projectile trunk or with a projectile trunk of zero height. Even with a completely penetrated projectile blank 1a, preform punches other than frustoconical shapes can be used.
  • Figure 9c also shows in dashed lines another way of forming a projectile blank with one compared to that in the Figures 9a and 9b Bullet blank shown 1a enlarged trunk with a trunk height l s " .
  • Figure 10a shows an inner contour molding press 103 and Figure 10b one with the in Figure 10a shown inner contour molding press 103 manufactured blank 1b (second stage).
  • the one in FIG Figure 10a shown inner contour molding press with essentially rotationally symmetrical tools for forming rotationally symmetrical full projectiles for practice cartridges.
  • the main components of the inner contour forming press 103 include the inner contour forming die 121, the bottom side 107b arranged axially opposite the inner contour forming die 121 and the hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105b.
  • the inner contour shaping die 121 delimits a cavity for the projectile blank 1b on the face side and the bottom side 107b or the face side 107b of the rear die on the foot side.
  • the cavity for the projectile blank 1b is delimited on the outside in the radial direction R by the ideal hollow cylindrical die 105b.
  • the inner contour forming die 121 is pressed into the projectile blank 1a previously preformed in the preform press 103 until the projectile blank 1b of the second stage is shaped, as in FIGS Figures 10a and 10b for example.
  • the inner contour shaping punch shown has an inner contour shaping section 122, which in sections in the axial direction A is a cylindrical sleeve shaping section 133 is formed.
  • the cylindrical wall shape and the wall thickness of the front sleeve wall 31b are defined with the cylindrical sleeve shape section 133 of the inner contour molding die 121 and the inside of the inner contour shape outer die 105b opposite the sleeve shape section 133 in the radial direction R. It is clear that the sleeve molding section 133 can be formed with a slight draft, preferably less than 1 °.
  • the inner contour molding section 122 adjacent to a guide section 127 of the inner contour molding die 121 has a truncated cone-shaped transition section 128 which extends in the radial direction from the inner contour molding section 122 to the guide section 127.
  • the inner contour form punch 121 has a guide section 127 which extends in the axial direction immediately after the form section 122 far from the front end 123 and which is preferably essentially complementary in shape to the hollow cylindrical inside of the projectile blank receptacle 105b.
  • the guide section 127 of the inner contour forming die 121 can serve to securely guide the forming die in the inner contour forming die 105b, in particular during the relative movement of the die 121 relative to the bottom side 107b.
  • a preferably frustoconical transition section 128 extends in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R between the inner contour shaped section 122 or its sleeve shaped section 133 and the guide section 127 of the inner contour forming die 121. It should be understood that the transition section 128 in the axial direction directly into the guide section 127 and merges with the inner contour molding portion 122.
  • the maximum axial height of the cavity (h Rb ) in the inner contour shape extends from the front end of the inner contour stamp guide section 127, which is formed by the outer ring edge of the transition section 128, opposite the rear surface 171b, the bottom side 107 of the rear stamp. End position.
  • the inner contour shape end position there is an axial distance h r between the front surface 123 of the inner contour forming die 121 and the front end of the bottom side 107b in the axial direction A, which can be referred to as the inner contour remaining distance.
  • the remaining distance h r is greater than the preform axial distance hs.
  • the inner contour shape remaining distance h r is preferably at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times or at least twice as large as the preform axial distance hs.
  • the inner contour shape remaining distance h r can be more than 10 times, more than 100 times or even more than 1000 times greater than the preform axial distance h s .
  • the axial size of the inner contour molding section 122 is as shown in FIGS Figures 10a and 10b is less than the axial length of the preform section 112.
  • the axial length of the preform section 112 can be at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times, or at least twice as long as the axial length of the inner contour molding section 122.
  • the shaped section 122 in the axial direction A is preferably not less than 10%, 20%, 30% or 50% of the axial length of the preform section 112.
  • the projectile blank 1b is shaped such that it forms a sleeve-shaped front section 3b and a rear-side or rear cylinder section 5b in the axial direction A.
  • the end cavity 33b in the projectile blank 1b is essentially complementary to the shape of the inner contour molding section 122 of the inner contour molding press 103.
  • the shaft 55b extends in the manner of a microchannel up to a remaining trunk height h s .
  • a full-cylindrical projectile blank trunk 7b below the channel 55b there is a full-cylindrical projectile blank trunk 7b.
  • the projectile blank 1b has a calotte recess 73b at the foot end 71b, which defines the lower end of the projectile blank trunk 7b and the trunk height.
  • the outer contour 34b of the projectile blank 1b of the second stage is essentially fully cylindrical and has essentially the same outer diameter in the cylinder section 5b as in the front thin-walled section 3b, which preferably corresponds to the projectile (caliber) diameter D z .
  • the projectile blank of the second stage (1b) essentially has the finished shaft (55b) shape, which, like the previous one, has Figures 1 to 6 described, can differentiate depending on the storey.
  • a projectile blank (not shown) of the second stage can of course also be realized without a stem.
  • the formation of the trunk 7b of the projectile blank second stage is due to the preforming step in the preform press 101. When the preform punch completely penetrates the metal or projectile blank (1a ') of the first stage, the projectile blank made from this preformed projectile blank also has no trunk.
  • a front projectile blank section 3b is formed with thin walls, preferably with a constant wall thickness, in particular at least in sections in the form of a cylindrical sleeve.
  • the metal material of the full storey or projectile blank displaced in this inner contour shaping by the inner contour shaping die 121 becomes axial direction A during the inner contour shaping step toward the foot or rear (rear) cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank (second stage) 1b postponed.
  • the conical shaft 55a formed by the preform punch 111 up to the blunt end 113 on the bottom of the inner contour 32a is deformed by the inner contour shaping punch 121 during the inner contour shaping step.
  • the cone channel 55a is reshaped by partial widening to form a wide cylindrical cavity 33b near the forehead 13b of the internally contour-shaped projectile blank 1b.
  • the metal material of the projectile blank 1b is compressed inward in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R by the inner contour shaping punch 121 during the shaping of the cone channel 55a, so that in the axial direction A the floor shoulders delimiting the cavity 35b with the central opening 37b and the shaft 55 extending from the opening 37b in the axial direction A into the cylinder section 5b of the projectile blank 1b.
  • the deformation sleeve 51b surrounding the chute 55b provides a manufacturing tolerance, the one that is present in the cone chute 55a and then possibly present (not shown in FIG Figure 10b shown)
  • Deformation cavity formed internal cavities can accommodate displaced material during the inner contour molding step. In this way, a precisely fitting outer contour 34b of the projectile blank 1b can be ensured without post-processing, for example by calibration or milling.
  • FIG 11 shows the ogive mold press 200.
  • the main component of the ogive mold press 200 comprises a rear punch 207 and a projectile receptacle 205 with a projectile tip form stamp 213 for inserting the preformed and / or inner contour-shaped projectile blank. This is held by the rear stamp 207 or at least centered and inserted into a stationary part of the ogive molding press 200, which essentially consists of the projectile receptacle 205 and the projectile tip stamp 213.
  • the projectile tip stamp 213, together with the projectile receptacle 205, defines the arcuate outer contour 203 for the ogive.
  • the ogive die or storey receptacle 205 is hollow-cylindrical with an ogive-shaped inner contour.
  • the ogive inner contour 203 of the projectile receptacle 205 preferably merges continuously, in particular without jumps and / or edges, into the ogive-shaped surface of the bottom side 213 of the tip stamp or forehead stamp.
  • the metal material of the front sleeve section 23 is deformed in an ogive-like manner, so that the projectile 2 is formed from the projectile blank.
  • the Figure 11 represents, the ogive-shaped projectile 2 was made in sections from the projectile blank.
  • the floor 2 can then be reworked, for example, by leveling.
  • the cylinder section 25 of the projectile 2 is preferably not deformed during the ogive molding step, so that it preferably completely retains its outer diameter, in particular in accordance with the (caliber) projectile diameter D z .
  • the pressing tools or presses (100, 101, 103, 200) can be equipped with mechanical limit switches and / or force-dependent limit switches and / or path-dependent limit switches for defining the relative position of the base side to the respective punch in the respective end position. Recordings and dimensioning of tools can be different due to caliber, system and / or construction.

Claims (16)

  1. Projectile métallique plein (1), destiné à des cartouches d'entraînement, à utiliser notamment sur des stands de tirs dédiés de préférence à la police, le projectile plein (1) comprenant un tronçon en ogive (3) frontal et un tronçon cylindrique (5) destiné à maintenir le projectile plein (1) dans une douille de cartouche et définissant en direction axiale (A) une longueur de projectile (lG), le tronçon en ogive (3) comportant une paroi d'ogive (31) et une cavité d'ogive (33) symétrique en rotation, délimitée sur sa périphérie par la paroi d'ogive (31), un tronçon de tronc (7) totalement cylindrique du projectile plein s'étendant en direction axiale (A) sur moins de 45 % de la longueur de projectile (lG), en partant d'un fond inférieur (35) de la cavité d'ogive C33), un puits (55) qui forme un microcanal (57) et/ou une cavité de déformation (53) s'étendant dans le tronçon cylindrique (5), la cavité de déformation (53) étant façonnée au moins par endroits de forme cylindrique et/ou au moins par endroits de forme cunéiforme, avec un rétrécissement frontal.
  2. Projectile plein selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi d'ogive (31) présente une épaisseur de paroi d'ogive et en ce que le projectile plein (1) forme dans le tronçon cylindrique (3) dans la direction axiale (A) au moins par endroits une paroi de douille de déformation (51) de forme annulaire, qui présente une épaisseur de paroi de douille de déformation qui est supérieure à l'épaisseur de paroi d'ogive, de préférence, l'épaisseur de paroi d'ogive étant inférieure à la moitié du rayon du projectile plein et/ou de préférence l'épaisseur de paroi de douille de déformation étant inférieure ou égale au rayon du projectile plein (1).
  3. Projectile plein selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que le projectile plein (1) est obtus sur la face frontale et/ou comporte un orifice (11) frontal qui débouche dans une cavité d'ogive (33) et qui présente un diamètre interne d'orifice (dO) qui est supérieur à 0,5 mm, qui est notamment supérieur à 1,0 mm, et/ou qui est inférieur à 3 mm, qui est notamment inférieur à 1,5 mm.
  4. Projectile plein selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon de tronc (7) totalement cylindrique s'étend dans la direction axiale (A) sur moins de 3 mm, moins de 2 mm ou moins de 1 mm et/ou en ce que sur l'extrémité arrière (71) du projectile plein (1) est évidée une calotte (73).
  5. Projectile plein selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un contour intérieur (32) entourant la cavité d'ogive (33) est totalement arrondi dans la direction axiale (A), de préférence formé sans échelon et/ou comporte exclusivement des arêtes arrondies.
  6. Ensemble d'outils, destiné à fabriquer des projectiles métalliques pleins (1) pour des cartouches d'entraînement, pourvues de préférence d'une cavité d'ogive (33) symétrique en rotation, comprenant une presse de préformage (101) pourvue d'un logement d'ébauche de projectile (105a) en forme de cylindre creux, qui dans la direction axiale (A) est délimité par un côté de fond inférieur (107a), d'un poinçon de préformage (111), comportant un tronçon de préformage (112) notamment symétrique en rotation, se rétrécissant en forme tronconique dans la direction axiale vers une surface frontale (113), le tronçon de préformage (112) étant mobile par rapport au côté de fond inférieur (107a) pour former une ébauche de projectile (1a) jusqu'à une position extrême de préformage dans laquelle le poinçon de préformage (111), le côté de fond inférieur (107a) et le logement d'ébauche de projectile (105a) définissent une cavité de préformage pour l'ébauche de projectile (1a),
    dans la position extrême de préformage, un écart axial (hS) entre le côté de fond inférieur (107a) et la surface frontale (113) étant inférieur à 45 % d'une hauteur la plus grande (hRa) de la cavité dans la direction axiale (A), l'ensemble d'outils comprenant par ailleurs une presse de formage de contour intérieur (103) pourvue d'un logement d'ébauche de projectile (105b) en forme de cylindre creux, qui dans la direction axiale (A) est délimité par un côté de fond inférieur (107b) et un poinçon de formage de contour intérieur (121) comportant un tronçon de formage de contour intérieur (122) s'étendant dans la direction axiale vers une surface frontale (123), qui est conçu sous la forme d'une pointe conique obtuse avec une arête de bord frontal (125) arrondie, le segment de formage de contour intérieur (122) étant mobile par rapport au côté de fond inférieur (107b) pour le formage de l'ébauche de projectile (1b) jusqu'à une position extrême de formage de contour intérieur, dans laquelle le poinçon de formage de contour intérieur (121), le côté de fond inférieur (107b) et le logement d'ébauche de projectile (105b) définissent une cavité de formage de contour intérieur pour l'ébauche de projectile (1b), dans la position extrême de formage de contour intérieur, un écart axial (hr) entre le côté de fond inférieur (107b) et la surface frontale (123) étant supérieur à l'écart axial (hs) entre le côté de fond inférieur (107a) de la presse de préformage (101) et la surface frontale (113) du poinçon de préformage (111) dans la position extrême de préformage.
  7. Ensemble d'outils selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que notamment le tronçon de formage de contour intérieur (122) comporte au voisinage d'un tronçon de guidage (127) du poinçon de formage de contour intérieur (121) un tronçon de passage (128) de forme tronconique, qui dans la direction radiale, s'étend du tronçon de formage de contour intérieur (122) vers le tronçon de guidage (127).
  8. Ensemble d'outils selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le rétrécissement du tronçon de préformage (112) du poinçon de préformage (111) est plus pointu que le contour extérieur se rétrécissant de préférence du segment de formage de contour intérieur (122), notamment du tronçon de formage de douille du poinçon de formage de contour intérieur (121).
  9. Ensemble d'outils selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble d'outils comprend par ailleurs une presse de sertissage (100), qui comporte un logement d'ébauche métallique (105x) en forme de cylindre creux, qui dans la direction axiale (A) est délimité par un côté de fond inférieur (107x), et qui comporte un poinçon de sertissage (115x) qui est mobile par rapport au côté de fond inférieur (107x) pour le formage de l'ébauche métallique (1x) jusqu'à une position extrême de sertissage, dans laquelle le poinçon de sertissage (115x) et le logement d'ébauche de projectile (105x) forment une cavité de sertissage d'une largeur intérieure prédéfinie, pour définir un diamètre extérieur constant, notamment le diamètre de calibre (Dz) de l'ébauche métallique(1x).
  10. Ensemble d'outils selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble d'outils comprend par ailleurs une presse de formage d'ogive (200), qui comporte un logement de projectile (205) en forme de cylindre creux, qui dans la direction axiale (A) est délimité par un côté de fond inférieur (213) concave, en forme d'ogive, et qui comporte un poinçon extrémité arrière de projectile (207), destiné à maintenir et/ou à centrer l'extrémité arrière de l'ébauche de projectile dont le contour interne est notamment formé, qui est mobile par rapport au côté de fond inférieur (213) pour le formage du projectile plein (2) jusqu'à une position extrême de formage d'ogive, dans laquelle le poinçon pour extrémité arrière de projectile (207), le logement de projectile (205) et le côté de fond inférieur (213) définissent une cavité qui définit un négatif de projectile pourvu d'un tronçon en ogive (23, 203) et d'un tronçon cylindrique (25) qui y est adjacent.
  11. Procédé, destiné à fabriquer des projectiles métalliques pleins (1) pour des cartouches d'entraînement selon la revendication 1, pourvus de préférence d'une cavité d'ogive (31) symétrique en rotation, lors duquel on met à disposition une ébauche métallique formée notamment d'un fil métallique coupé en longueur, pourvue de préférence d'une surface extérieure cylindrique, lors duquel on déforme l'ébauche métallique dans une étape de préformage en une ébauche de projectile (1a) pourvue d'un tronçon en forme de douille (3a), qui à l'achèvement de l'étape de préformage s'étend sur plus de la moitié de la plus grande hauteur axiale (hRa) de l'ébauche, notamment le tronçon en forme de douille (3a) étant formé avec un tour intérieur (32a) se rétrécissant de préférence en continu, après l'étape de préformage, on déforme l'ébauche de projectile (1a) dans une étape de formage de contour intérieur de telle sorte que soit créé un tronçon de douille (3b) frontal de l'ébauche de projectile (1b) avec une paroi de douille (31b) externe en direction radiale avec une épaisseur de paroi sensiblement constante et/ou avec un contour intérieur (32b) cylindrique,
    que soit créé un tronçon de douille (5b) arrière de l'ébauche de projectile (1b) pourvu d'un épaulement (35b) saillant vers l'intérieur à partir de la paroi de douille (31b) en direction radiale, et que soit créé un puits (55b) partant de l'épaulement (35b) qui s'étend dans le tronçon de douille (5b) arrière de l'ébauche de projectile (1b).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape de préformage, on déforme l'ébauche métallique en préservant un tronçon de tronc (7) totalement cylindrique restant, s'étendant dans la direction axiale (A) sur moins de 45 % de la plus grande hauteur axiale (hRa) d'ébauche de l'ébauche de projectile (1a) ou en ce que dans l'étape de préformage, pour former l'ébauche de projectile (1a), on traverse totalement dans l'ébauche métallique dans la direction axiale.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que le puits (55b) forme un microcanal (57b) et/ou une cavité de déformation (53b), la cavité de déformation (53b) étant conçue au moins par endroits de forme cylindrique et/ou étant conçue au moins par endroits de forme cunéiforme avec un rétrécissement frontal.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape de formage de contour intérieur, on déforme l'ébauche de projectile (1b) de telle sorte que la cavité de déformation (53) forme sur la face frontale une constriction en forme de taille, notamment entre la cavité de déformation (53) et l'épaulement (35) étant conçu un microcanal (57) dans lequel on réunit la surface de paroi intérieure du tronçon de douille (51) à plat, notamment en créant un contact et/ou
    qu'un écart dans la direction axiale (A) entre l'épaulement (35b) et une partie arrière (71) devienne plus grand que la hauteur axiale du tronçon de tronc (7) totalement cylindrique de l'ébauche de projectile (1a), présent le cas échéant à l'achèvement de l'étape de préformage.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que, notamment après l'étape de formage de contour intérieur, dans une étape de formage d'ogive, on déforme l'ébauche de projectile, de telle sorte que la paroi de douille (31) frontale forme une surface extérieure en forme d'ogive par endroits, notamment un orifice (11) étant préservé qui débouche de préférence dans une cavité d'ogive (33) définie sur sa périphérie par la paroi de douille (31).
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de préformage, l'étape de formage de contour intérieur et/ou l'étape de formage d'ogive s'effectue sans enlèvement de copeaux, notamment par déformation à froid, de préférence par pressage.
EP17748727.9A 2016-08-05 2017-08-02 Balle solide métallique, système d'outil et procédé de production de balles solides métalliques Active EP3494357B1 (fr)

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RS20201148A RS61040B1 (sr) 2016-08-05 2017-08-02 Čvrsti metalni metak, sistem alata i metoda za proizvodnju čvrstih metalnih metaka
PL17748727T PL3494357T3 (pl) 2016-08-05 2017-08-02 Metalowy pocisk pełny, układ narzędzia i sposób wytwarzania metalowych pocisków pełnych
HRP20201527TT HRP20201527T1 (hr) 2016-08-05 2020-09-24 Čvrsti metalni metak, sustav alata i metoda proizvodnje čvrstih metalnih metaka

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DE102016009571.7A DE102016009571B3 (de) 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Metallisches Vollgeschoss, Werkzeug-Anordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Vollgeschossen
PCT/EP2017/069488 WO2018024754A1 (fr) 2016-08-05 2017-08-02 Balle solide métallique, système d'outil et procédé de production de balles solides métalliques

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EP3494357A1 EP3494357A1 (fr) 2019-06-12
EP3494357B1 true EP3494357B1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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EP17748727.9A Active EP3494357B1 (fr) 2016-08-05 2017-08-02 Balle solide métallique, système d'outil et procédé de production de balles solides métalliques

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US (2) US11428516B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3494357B1 (fr)
CY (1) CY1123765T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016009571B3 (fr)
DK (1) DK3494357T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2834248T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20201527T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE052064T2 (fr)
LT (1) LT3494357T (fr)
PL (1) PL3494357T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS61040B1 (fr)
SG (1) SG11201901023QA (fr)
WO (1) WO2018024754A1 (fr)

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US10900759B2 (en) * 2018-09-26 2021-01-26 Environ-Metal, Inc. Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles
DE202020101249U1 (de) * 2020-03-06 2020-05-29 SHU Schürmann Hilleke Umformtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Zerlegergeschoss
DE102021104757A1 (de) 2021-02-26 2022-09-01 Ruag Ammotec Ag Metallisches Übungspatronen-Geschoss
DE102022109315A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Ruag Ammotec Ag Beschichteter Geschosskörper

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11428516B2 (en) 2022-08-30
DE102016009571B3 (de) 2018-02-08
RS61040B1 (sr) 2020-12-31
LT3494357T (lt) 2020-10-12
ES2834248T3 (es) 2021-06-16
US11953300B2 (en) 2024-04-09
DK3494357T3 (da) 2020-09-28
US20220357139A1 (en) 2022-11-10
US20190186881A1 (en) 2019-06-20
PL3494357T3 (pl) 2021-01-11
HRP20201527T1 (hr) 2020-12-11
EP3494357A1 (fr) 2019-06-12
HUE052064T2 (hu) 2021-04-28
SG11201901023QA (en) 2019-03-28
WO2018024754A1 (fr) 2018-02-08
CY1123765T1 (el) 2022-03-24

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