EP2792993B1 - Bullet - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a projectile with a projectile (3), with a projectile tail (2), which is associated with a sharp edge (10), with a plurality of guide belts (11) which are formed on the projectile tail (2) and with a Aufpilzung of the projectile bows (3) favoring, the projectile (3) penetrating longitudinal bore (4).

Such projectiles are for example from the DE 203 206 79 known, which shows a general purpose bullet with the features of the preamble, the bullet depending on whether one uses a short or a long pin in the longitudinal bore either acts as a fragmentation floor or as a deformation floor.

The main purpose of a projectile used hunting is to kill the shot wild as quickly as possible and avoiding agony. In particular, in a poorly targeted shot that does not kill the shot wild immediately, there is the problem that the wounded wild can escape and without miserable perish. Although are from the prior art - for example, from the DE 199 30 475 A1 - Already known projectiles that partially disassemble upon impact, but the individual fragments have an inhomogeneous size distribution. Although partial fragmentation increases the radius of action, the individual partial fragments act as additional secondary projectiles inside the body, destroying, for example, organs that are not located directly in the firing channel. However, the penetration depth and the cross-section of the partial fragments depend essentially on their size and shape. If the number of fragments is too large, it often results in a game devaluation - for example, by hematoma. Furthermore, the shape of the splitter determines the course of the secondary storey channels. In particular, for fragments which have a low weight, there is also the problem that their finding in the bombarded body is very cumbersome, but this is indicated in particular in the use of lead ammunition for health reasons. Although lead-free projectiles are increasingly being used to avoid contamination of lead by consumers and for further environmental protection reasons, in particular copper and brass alloys which have a high proportion of copper - so-called Tombak - are used. When using ammunition with a bullet, which is made of one of the aforementioned materials, however, it comes to strong running deposits, which has a negative impact on the shooting behavior of the projectiles firing gun and therefore makes it necessary to chemically or at short intervals the weapon mechanically clean.

The invention is therefore based on the object to construct a more environmentally friendly and at the same time effective projectile whose deformation and fragmentation properties are predictable.

This object is achieved by a projectile of the type mentioned above in that the projectile material consists of a copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy, that for controlling the formation of projectile lugs (6) a puncture is formed, the bullet (3) from the projectile tail (2) axially spaced and that a plurality of on the outer surface of the projectile bows (3) extending, the formation of projectile lugs (6) favoring notches (5) are provided.

In order to favor the formation of projectile flags serving as secondary projectiles, those running on the outer surface of the projectile bows are Notches provided, which serve in cooperation with the longitudinal bore as predetermined breaking points and result in banana-shaped bullet lobes. Through the puncture, which separates the bullet from the bullet tail, the bullets can tear inside the body and serve as secondary bullets. By using a copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy, in particular, it is ensured that running deposits are reduced when using the projectile. These are further reduced by the use of the guide bands, since now the projectile comes primarily with these on the inside of the run plant. In addition, the sharp edge ensures that through the bullet tail, which enters the bullet body, hair, so-called cut hairs are punched out of the bombarded body and forms a welding mark, which facilitates a possible Nachsuche.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the notches have a V-shaped form formed by a first leg and a second leg. The V-shaped shape ensures, in particular, that the notches serve as a predetermined breaking point, which has a positive effect on the formation of the projectile lugs. In this context, it has been shown to be particularly favorable when an angle is formed between the first leg and the second leg, which is preferably in a range between 30 ° and 150 ° and is particularly preferably at 90 °. This ensures in a simple manner that the notches act as predetermined breaking points and the resulting projectile flags have a uniform shape. In addition, such a V-shaped form can be easily produced mechanically by machining, which in turn has a positive effect on the manufacturing cost of the projectile according to the invention.

Furthermore, it has proven to be favorable if the fracture cross section defined by the distance between the longitudinal bore and the individual notches increases in the direction of the projectile tail. In this way, in particular the shape of the individual fragments can be defined, moreover, this also ensures that the time of mushrooming and thus also the time of formation of the projectile flags as a function of the penetration depth can be selectively varied. Thus it can be achieved that the projectile lugs form and tear off, for example, only when the bombarded body has a sufficient thickness. If, for example, a hare is shot at with the projectile according to the invention, then the bullet is merely mushroomed, the projectile lugs remain on the projectile bow, which then emerges from the body as an extension of the projectile path. If, on the other hand, a wild boar is fired at with the ammunition according to the invention, then there is first a mushrooming and only after a certain penetration depth, when the bullet has reached vital organs, a tearing off of the bullets, whereby it is added by the splintering effect of the projectile flags serving as secondary bullets Injury occurs, causing the bombarded animal died faster Furthermore, the projectile according to the invention can be used very versatile and used for hunting purposes on a variety of game and shoot. This eliminates in particular the need to carry weapons of different caliber.

It is also advantageous if the notches are provided in triplicate and regularly distributed over the outer circumference of the bullet. This results in three equal projectile flags, which have a sufficient mass to positively influence the depth effect of the projectile according to the invention and in particular the projectile flags.

In this case, it has further been shown to be advantageous if the ratio of the mass of the projectile tail to the mass of the projectile bow originates from an area which lies between 4: 3 and 8: 3 and is particularly preferably 6: 3. As a result, secondary bullets are generated, which can penetrate due to their mass sufficiently deep into the body, which has a positive effect on the mortality of the projectile. At the same time, the bullet tail has sufficient kinetic energy in order to be able to penetrate the body and to form a welding mark at the exit of the residual body formed by the bullet tail.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if the length of the axial component of the notches on the projectile bight is shorter than the length of the projectile bows. By the length of the axial component of the notches, in particular the shape of the projectile lugs and the time of tearing off can be defined.

In this context, it has also proven useful if the diameter of the projectile bows is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the projectile tail. This ensures, in particular, that the sharp edge associated with the bullet tail becomes effective upon entering the body, whereby hair tufts are punched out of the bombarded body.

In the context of the invention, it has also been found advantageous if the projectile bow in the region of the recess is assigned a chamfer. As a result, in particular the tearing off of the projectile lugs is favored, since the fracture cross-section is reduced locally by the chamfer.

Advantageously, it has also proven, if the core diameter of the projectile tail subcaliber and the outer diameter of the guide belts are formed over caliber. This ensures that the contact surface of the projectile is minimized in the run, whereby material deposits are reduced in the run. At the same time, diameter tolerances of the barrel can be compensated for by the over-caliber guide belts without significant increases in gas pressure. This has a positive influence on the projectile velocity, which in turn has a positive effect on the trajectory of the projectile. In addition, this reduces the maintenance and cleaning costs of the projectile firing weapon and increases their longevity.

It has also proved to be advantageous if the lead content of the copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy comes from a range of between 0 and 10% and particularly preferably 3%, if the zinc content of the copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy is Alloy originates from a range which is preferably between 10 and 45%, preferably between 30 and 40%, and more preferably at 36%, when the tin content of the copper zinc lead-tin alloy is in a range preferably between 0 and 10 % is when the proportion of foreign metal additions is below 1% and when the proportion of copper is formed by the 100% missing components. By the choice of the lead content in the aforementioned amount, in particular it is ensured that contamination of the bombarded body by lead is prevented, since this is firmly incorporated into the crystal structure of the alloy. At the same time, the addition of lead can improve the sliding properties of the projectile in the barrel, which reduces the deposits within the barrel. This may also be due to the additional or sole admixture tin so that in the context of the invention both the use of a copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy with a tin content of 0% - that is a copper-zinc-lead alloy, the use of a copper-zinc-lead Tin alloy with a lead content of 0% - that is a copper-zinc-tin alloy and the use of an alloy having a tin content and a lead content which is greater than 0%, respectively.

Conveniently, it has also proved, if the length of the projectile boss penetrating longitudinal bore is equal to or greater than the sums of the lengths of the projectile bows and the puncture. As a result, in particular the formation of the projectile flags is favored and tearing the projectile flags always guaranteed.

Furthermore, it has been found to be favorable if the sharp edge is formed on the end of the projectile tail facing the recess. This has particular manufacturing advantages, since in the production of the recess the sharp edge can be formed simultaneously, which can reduce the manufacturing cost and thus the manufacturing cost of the projectile according to the invention.

Conveniently, it has also been found that the ratio of the outside diameter of the guide bands to the core diameter of the bullet in a range between 1.005 and 1.100, and is particularly preferably 1.028. Here is always a compromise between the leadership function of the guide belts and the flight characteristics of the projectile to find, which can be optimized by the appropriate choice of the ratio. In this context, it has also been found to be advantageous if the axial extent of the Guide belts in a range between 0.1 and 1.0 mm and is more preferably 0.3 mm. Again, a compromise between minimized running deposit and optimal leadership property for the transmission of strip forces must be realized, which is given by the aforementioned range.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses

Fig. 2

das Detail II aus der Figur 1,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf den Geschossbug,

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht entlang des Schnittes IV-IV aus der Figur 3,

Fig. 5

eine Schnittansicht des Geschossbuges entlang des Schnittes V-V aus der Figur 4,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Geschosses vor einer Schussabgabe,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Geschosses nach einer Schussabgabe, und

Fig. 8

das Ergebnis eines Gelatinebeschusses mit dem Geschoss aus der Figur 1.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail in an embodiment shown in the drawing; show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a projectile according to the invention

Fig. 2

the detail II from the FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3

a top view of the projectile bow,

Fig. 4

a sectional view taken along section IV-IV of the FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5

a sectional view of the Geschoßbuges along the section VV from the FIG. 4 .

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the projectile before a firing,

Fig. 7

a perspective view of the projectile after a firing, and

Fig. 8

the result of a gelatin bombardment with the bullet from the FIG. 1 ,

FIG. 1 shows an unsectioned side view of an inventive projectile 1, which consists of a bullet tail 2 and a bullet 3. The projectile bend 3 penetrates a longitudinal bore 4 which, in conjunction with notches 5 extending on the outer surface of the projectile bump 3, causes the projectile baffle 3 to initially mold when the projectile 1 encounters a body and form projectile baffles 6 through the notches 5 serving as predetermined breaking points which tear off from the projectile tail 2 and enlarge the cross-section as secondary projectiles in the bombarded body. The notches 5 have a V-shaped form, which are formed by a first leg 7 and a second leg 8, wherein between the first leg 7 and the second leg 8, an angle is formed, which is in the illustrated embodiment at 90 ° , In order to be able to control the process of forming the projectile lugs 6, a recess 9 is formed, which axially spaced the projectile 3 from the bullet tail 2. By the recess 9 also a sharp edge 10 is formed at the recess 9 facing the end of the projectile tail 2, which ensures that the penetrating into the body bullet, especially the bullet tail, punching hair of the animal body, which remain at the Anschuss and the shooter on signs give the hit seat, which facilitates a possible search. The projectile tail 2 is formed unterkalibrig in the embodiment shown and has over-caliber guide belts 11, which come in the firing to the plant to the inside of the barrel. As a result, the friction of the projectile 1 is reduced in the run, whereby running deposits are reduced and extend the required cleaning intervals. This is also facilitated by the fact that the projectile 1 is formed from a copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the zinc content is 36%, the lead content is 3%, the tin content is 0% and the copper content is 61%.

How the particular FIG. 2 It can be seen that the detail II from the FIG. 1 shows, the ratio of the outer diameter of the guide belts 11 to the outer diameter of the projectile tail 2, which is in a range between 1.005 and 1.100, in the embodiment shown at 1.028. The axial extent of the guide belts 11 is in a range between 0.1 and 1.0 mm.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the Geschossbug 3 of the projectile according to the invention 1. It can be clearly seen that the V-shaped notches 5 are provided in triplicate and regularly distributed over the outer periphery of the projectile 3. Furthermore, from the FIG. 3 it can be seen that the notches 5 at the top of the projectile bight 3 extend as far as the longitudinal bore 4, whereby the formation of the projectile lugs 6 is promoted when the projectile 1 hits a body.

In the FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the projectile 1 according to the invention along the in the FIG. 3 indicated section IV-IV shown, from which it is apparent that the longitudinal bore 4 in the embodiment shown penetrates the projectile bend 3 and the recess 9 and extends into the bullet tail 2. Furthermore, a chamfer 12 formed on the projectile bow 3 can also be seen, which leads to the projectile lugs 6 tearing off the projectile bow 3 when the projectile 1 penetrates into the body. From the FIG. 4 and in particular from in the FIG. 5 It can be seen that the fracture cross-section, which is defined by the distance between the longitudinal bore 4 and the individual notches 5, increases in the direction of the projectile tail 2. In addition, the bullet 3 has a smaller diameter than the bullet tail 2, which ensures that the sharp edge 10 is formed. By the notches 5 is also ensured that the resulting projectile flags 6 all have a uniform banana shape and a homogeneous mass distribution. Due to the number and arrangement of the guide belts 11 is also ensured that a cartridge case, not shown in the drawing can be securely connected to the projectile 1 to a unit, as always more guide belts 11 are inside the cartridge case, creating a tight fit of the Bullet 1 is ensured in the cartridge case.

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the projectile according to the invention 1. It should be noted in particular that when used properly relative to the selected caliber, the bullet tail 2 is formed unterkalibrig and the guide belts 11 are formed überkalibrig. Furthermore, the longitudinal bore 4 can be seen, which, in conjunction with the notches 5 extending on the outer surface of the projectile bender 3 and the recess 9 which separates the projectile bight 3 from the projectile tail 2, enables the formation of projectile lugs 6.

In the Fig. 7 a projectile projectile 1 is shown in a perspective view, wherein the bullet 3 has broken down when hitting a body in three serving as secondary bullets bullets 6, all of which have a uniform mass and a banana-like shape. The ratio of the total mass of the projectile lugs 6 to the mass of the projectile tail 2 here is 1: 2. From the FIG. 7 is also clearly seen that the fields of the barrel when firing the projectile 1 have only interacted with the guide belts 11 of the projectile 1, while the sub-caliber formed core diameter of the projectile tail 2 has no traces of the barrel. As a result, the friction of the projectile 1 in an effective manner minimized running, which on the one hand, the speed of the projectile 1 can be increased and on the other side run deposits are minimized.

FIG. 8 shows the result of a gelatin bombardment with the projectile according to the invention 1. In the part A, the gelatin block is shown in a side view, while the partial figures i-vii represent sections taken at a distance of 5 cm from the Beschußbeispiel shown above. From this it can be clearly seen that the projectile 1 first penetrated without damage into the gelatin block. Then it comes to a mushrooming of the projectile bows 3, which then breaks down into the projectile flags 6, which then tear off the projectile tail 2 and deviate as secondary projectiles in a star shape from the horizontal trajectory of the projectile tail 2, which strikes the gelatin block directionally stable on the horizontal trajectory.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

bullet

2

bullet tail

3

Geschossbug

4

longitudinal bore

5

score

6

Levels flag

7

first leg

8th

second leg

9

puncture

10

sharp edge

11

guide band

12

chamfer

Claims (14)

1. A bullet having a bullet nose (3), a bullet tail (2) with which a sharp edge (10) is associated, a plurality of guide bands (1.1) on the bullet tail (2), and a longitudinal bore (4) which promotes mushrooming of the bullet nose (3) and which passes through the bullet nose (3), characterised in that the bullet material comprises a copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy, that to control the formation of bullet flare fragments (6) there is provided a groove (9) which axially spaces the bullet nose (3) from the bullet tail (2) and that there are provided a plurality of notches (5) which extend at the outside surface of the bullet nose (3) and which promote the formation of bullet flare fragments (6).
2. A bullet according to claim 1 characterised in that the notches (5) are of a V-shaped form formed by a first limb (7) and a second limb (8).
3. A bullet according to claim 2 characterised in that formed between the first limb (7) and the second limb (8) is an angle which is preferably in a range of between 30° and 150° and which particularly preferably is 90°.
4. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the fracture cross-section defined by the spacing between the longitudinal bore (4) and the individual notches (5) increases in the direction of the bullet tail (2).
5. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the notches (5) are provided in triplicate and are uniformly distributed over the outside periphery of the bullet nose (3).
6. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the length of the axial component of the notches (5) on the bullet nose (3) is shorter than the length of the bullet nose (3).
7. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the diameter of the bullet nose (3) is less than or equal to the diameter of the bullet tail (2).
8. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that a bevel (12) is associated with the bullet nose (3) in the region of the groove (9).
9. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that the core diameter of the bullet tail (2) is sub-calibre and the outside diameter of the guide bands (11) is super-calibre.
10. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that the lead proportion of the copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy is from a range which is between 0 and 10% and is particularly preferably 3%, that the zinc proportion of the copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy is from a range which is preferably between 10 and 45%, preferably between 30 and 40% and particularly preferably is 36%, the tin proportion of the copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy is from a range which is preferably between 0 and 10%, the proportion of foreign metal additions is below 1% and the proportion of copper is formed by the constituents making up 100%.
11. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterised in that the length of the longitudinal bore (4) passing through the bullet nose (3) is equal to or greater than the sum of the lengths of the bullet nose (3) and the groove (9).
12. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterised in that the sharp edge (10) is provided at the end of the bullet tail (2), that is towards the groove (9).
13. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterised in that the ratio of the outside diameter of the guide bands (11) to the core diameter of the bullet tail (2) is in a range of between 1.005 and 1.100 and is particularly preferably 1.028.
14. A bullet according to one of claims 1 to 13 characterised in that the axial extent of the guide bands (11) is in a range of between 0.1 and 1.0 mm and is particularly preferably 0.3 mm.

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