DE102019135875A1 - Full storey, intermediate for the production of a full storey and process for the production of a full storey - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, the full projectile being made of iron, in particular soft iron, with a carbon content of more than 0.05%.

Description

The present invention relates to a full projectile for ammunition, preferably with a caliber of less than 13 mm. The present invention also relates to an intermediate for manufacturing such a full projectile. The present invention also provides a method for producing such a full projectile.

For ecological and health reasons, especially on practice shooting ranges, the use of lead as a material for full projectiles is increasingly unsuitable. When choosing the material for full storeys, there is a conflict of interest, in particular between good precision, flight range and environmental compatibility. Alternative materials to lead, such as tin, zinc and copper, have proven to be less suitable because of their low density, which would ensure better environmental compatibility, but lead to significant losses in terms of precision and flight range. Furthermore, alternative solutions as solid steel or brass projectiles have decisive disadvantages in terms of barrel life and penetration resistance through the gun barrel. This results in unfavorable internal ballistics. The pressure is too high when the powder is burned off, while the resulting muzzle velocity is too low.

Out U.S. 4,109,581 a full floor made of soft iron is known. The full floor has an ogive-like projectile front, an adjoining slightly conical guide band, which makes up about 1/3 to 1/4 of the length of the projectile, and a conical projectile rear. According to the projectile U.S. 4,109,581 its ballistics, especially precision and flight range, have proven to be disadvantageous. Furthermore, the elongated guide band also has a disadvantageous effect on the internal ballistics of the projectile.

One object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide an environmentally and health-friendly full projectile with improved ballistics, in particular precision.

The object is achieved by the subject matter of claims 1, 8, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22, respectively.

According to this, a full projectile is provided for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm. The caliber is generally referred to as the measure of the outside diameter of projectiles or projectiles and the inside diameter of a gun barrel. For example, full projectiles according to the invention are also used for ammunition with a caliber of less than 7 mm or at most 5.6 mm. In contrast to full jacketed bullets, which usually consist of a bullet jacket made of a deformable material, such as tombac, and a projectile core arranged therein, in particular pressed, which is produced separately from the bullet jacket, full jacketed bullets do not have a separate jacket. In particular, the full floor is made from one piece.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the solid bullet is made of iron, in particular soft iron, with a carbon content of more than 0.05%. It was found that increasing the carbon content increases the hardness and tensile strength of the full bullet, which has a beneficial effect on bullet ballistics. By means of the full bullet according to the invention, an environmentally friendly full bullet is created that has improved ballistics. It has also been found that the carbon content according to the invention has a corrosion-protective effect on the full projectile. Furthermore, the increased carbon content also helps to limit the diffusion between the gun barrel and the bullet when it is closed with a gun.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the carbon content is in the range from 0.06% to 1.14%, in particular in the range from 0.08% to 0.12%. Such carbon areas have proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to ballistics. In particular, it has been found that if the carbon content is too high, the brittleness of the full-story body is increased too much, which has a disadvantageous effect on the manufacture and malleability of the full-story.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the iron of the full bullet has a manganese content of 0.01% to 0.8%, in particular from 0.3% to 0.6%.

According to an exemplary development, the iron has a silicon content of less than 3.5%, in particular of less than 0.4% or less than 0.3%.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the iron has a phosphorus content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the iron has a sulfur content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the iron has a copper content of less than 0.4%, in particular less than 0.3% or less than 0.25%.

For example, the full floor can be made from a Saar steel C10C.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The full floor is made of iron. In particular, the full floor is made from one piece.

Furthermore, the full projectile comprises an in particular ogive-like projectile bow, an adjoining, at least partially cylindrical guide band for guiding the full projectile in a gun barrel and a rear projectile adjoining the guide band. If in the present description of bow, front, bow or front or stern, stern or rear, this is to be understood in relation to a projectile longitudinal axis pointing in the direction of flight of the projectile. The guide band can be designed, for example, in such a way that it engages a pull-field profile of the gun barrel, which is used in particular to twist the bullet into a twist as it glides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the bullet trajectory.

According to this aspect of the present invention, the projectile tail has a base, which in particular faces a force transmission part, such as a firing pin, of the firearm, and a projectile base opening into the base. The base of the projectile tapers concavely at least in sections in the direction of the floor. This means that the projectile base does not have to extend completely concavely, in particular does not have to taper completely concavely from the guide strip to the floor of the floor. In an alternative embodiment, the base of the projectile tapers, starting from the guide band, in a completely concave manner all the way to the floor of the floor. In a further exemplary embodiment, an essentially cylindrical projectile base section, which has a smaller outer diameter in relation to the guide band, adjoins the guide band at the rear and the concave area of the projectile base at the front. According to the present invention, it was found that due to the lower density of the iron material compared to lead materials used in the standard way, losses in mass are associated, which can be compensated for by the structural design according to the invention with regard to ballistics and / or precision of the projectile tail. By providing a bullet base, additional mass is introduced into the full bullet, the concavity having a positive effect on the ballistics of the full bullet, in particular stabilizing the full bullet during flight, but without increasing the penetration resistance of the full bullet within the gun barrel.

According to an exemplary development of the full projectile according to the invention, a radius of curvature defining an outer contour of the projectile base is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 times a maximum external projectile diameter. For example, the radius of curvature is approximately 0.2 times the maximum external bullet diameter. The maximum external bullet diameter is in the area of the guide tape.

According to an exemplary development of the full storey, the at least partially concave storey base extends in the longitudinal direction of the full storey by 0.2 to 0.6 times, in particular 0.4 times, a maximum external storey diameter, for example in the area of the leader band may be present. The mentioned length of the projectile base was identified as advantageous with regard to the provision of additional mass as well as the generation of an aerodynamically advantageous projectile structure, the penetration resistance of which is positively influenced within the gun barrel.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the full storey, the floor has an outside diameter in the range from 0.6 times to 0.9 times a maximum storey outside diameter. In particular, the outside diameter is approximately 0.8 times the maximum projectile outside diameter. For example, the concave section of the projectile base opens directly into the floor, which is arranged concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. For example, the floor has a rear end face which is oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the floor.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The full floor is made of iron.

Furthermore, the full floor comprises an ogive-like projectile bow, in particular, an adjoining, at least in sections cylindrical guide tape for guiding the full bullet in a gun barrel and a rear bullet adjoining the guide tape. The guide band can be designed, for example, in such a way that it engages a pull-field profile of the gun barrel, which is used in particular to twist the bullet into a twist as it glides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the bullet trajectory.

According to this aspect of the present invention, a transition from the rear of the projectile to the guide band is formed by an external contour projection at which an external diameter of the full projectile increases continuously or suddenly. According to the invention, it was found that by providing the outer contour projection (viewed from the rear of the projectile) or an outer contour recess (viewed from the projectile nose, the phenomenon of so-called breathing of the gun barrel is ensured of the firearm barrel, whereby the full bullet glides gently inside the firearm barrel. It has been found that the gas that arises as a result of a combustion process inside the firearm barrel during a firing process enters an angular annulus area, which on the outside through the firearm barrel inner surface and on the inside through the The rear outer contour projection of the projectile tail is formed into the guide band, so that the gun barrel expands in a slightly elastic manner, at least in the radial direction, so that the throughput Resistance within the gun barrel can be reduced. This also reduces the abrasion between the outer surface of the full storey and the inner surface of the firearm barrel, and thus the wear. Transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, that is to say in the radial direction, it is preferred that the outer contour projection is less than 0.2 mm deep. The outer contour projection can, for example, run in a straight line or be concave. Furthermore, the outer contour projection can ensure that the full storey is movable in a transition fit in the field profile. One advantage of the transition fit is that it reduces the press-through resistance. With the transition fit, the gas slip can also be set, which, depending on the type of full storey, is an important influencing factor with regard to its precision. In addition, the transition fit can delay the initial pressing-in process so that when the firearm is fired, the impact, the so-called initial blow, can be reduced to the full bullet and the gun barrel (short-term dynamics). The weakening of the initial blow has a positive effect on the lifespan of the gun barrel and the precision of the full bullet.

According to an exemplary development of the full storey according to the invention, the outer contour projection has an angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal axis oriented in the longitudinal direction of the full storey in the range of 10 ° to 90 °, in particular in the range of 20 ° to 80 °, 30 ° to 70 ° or in the range of 40 ° up to 80 °.

Furthermore, the full projectile comprises an especially ogive-like projectile bow and an adjoining, at least partially cylindrical guide band for guiding the full projectile in a firearm barrel. The guide band can be designed, for example, in such a way that it engages a pull-field profile of the gun barrel, which is used in particular to twist the bullet into a twist as it glides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the bullet trajectory.

According to this further aspect of the invention, a transition from the guide band to the projectile bow is formed by an external contour recess at which an external diameter of the full projectile decreases continuously or abruptly. According to the invention, it has been found that the provision of the outer contour allows the full projectile to slide gently within the gun barrel. The abrasion between the outer surface of the solid projectile and the inner surface of the firearm can consequently be reduced. The outer contour origin can, for example, run in a straight line or be concave. Furthermore, the outer contour can ensure that the full storey is movable in a transition fit in the field profile. With the transition fit, the gas slip can also be set, which, depending on the type of full storey, is an important influencing factor with regard to its precision. In addition, the transition fit can delay the initial pressing-in process so that when the firearm is fired, the impact, the so-called initial blow, can be reduced to the full bullet and the gun barrel (short-term dynamics). The weakening of the initial blow has a positive effect on the lifespan of the gun barrel and the precision of the full bullet.

According to an exemplary development of the full projectile according to the invention, the outer contour projection from the rear of the projectile into the guide band and / or the external contour recess from the guide band into the projectile nose has a radial depth measured transversely to the projectile longitudinal axis of less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.4 mm , 0.3mm or 0.2mm. The radial protrusion of the guide band with respect to the rear of the projectile and / or the projectile bow can thus ensure that essentially only the guide band engages in the pulling profile of the gun barrel or slides along it during a firing process. In this respect, the abrasion between the gun barrel and the outer surface of the bullet can be reduced.

According to this further inventive aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The full floor is made of iron.

The full bullet comprises a guide band, which is cylindrical at least in sections, for guiding the full bullet in a firearm barrel, in particular for engaging in the features of a pulling field profile of a firearm barrel. The pull-field profile serves in particular to twist the full projectile as it glides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.

According to the further inventive aspect of the present invention, the at least partially cylindrical guide band has an axial length measured in the longitudinal direction of the full projectile in the range of 10 to 100 times a draft / field dimension difference of a firearm barrel. The inventors of the present invention have found that too great a length of the cylindrical guide band is less suitable when used for full iron projectiles. For example, it can be provided that an axial section of the guide band, which deviates from a cylindrical shape, adjoins the particularly ogive-like projectile bow, before the guide band forms the cylindrical guide band section. For example, the cylindrical guide band section can be dimensioned in such a way that a circumferential contact line is formed between the guide band and the inner surface of the firearm barrel.

According to a further inventive aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The full floor is made of iron.

The full storey comprises an ogive-like projectile bow, in particular, which has an essentially flat end face oriented in the direction of the projectile longitudinal axis. The flat end face can be produced, for example, by cutting to length. For example, the flat end face has a diameter which is at least 10%, in particular 15%, at least 20% or at least 25%, of a diameter of the floor of the projectile. On the one hand, it was found that the flat front face on the bow side has a positive effect on the outer ballistics of the full floor, in particular that the full floor flies more stably, so that its precision can be increased. Another advantage is that during the manufacturing process, for example during the forming process, in particular the massive forming process, lower forces are required to form the full projectile.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a full projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The full floor is made of iron.

The full bullet comprises a guide band, which is cylindrical at least in sections, for guiding the full bullet in a firearm barrel, in particular for engaging in the features of a pull-field profile of a firearm barrel. The pull-field profile serves in particular to twist the full projectile as it glides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.

According to the further aspect of the present invention, a Vickers hardness in the range of a guide band outer diameter is at most 150 HV. For example, a full bullet according to the invention is manufactured in such a way that an iron blank of certain dimensions and certain Vickers hardness is provided. The inventors of the present invention have found that even with a starting material of an iron blank with a Vickers hardness of 140 HV, production can take place in such a way that the Vickers hardness is only slightly increased in the area of the outer diameter of the guide band, in particular up to a maximum value of 150 HV . It has been found that the processing, in particular movement and / or displacement, of iron material causes a change in the hardness of the bullet. The aim during the manufacturing process is, however, to only perform as much forming work as necessary, at least in the area of the guide band, but as little as possible. It was found that the homogeneous hardness distribution at least in the area of the guide band and a projectile center, which is located in the axial direction close to the central axis of the projectile, can achieve external ballistic advantages.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, a Vickers hardness in the area of a guide band outer diameter is less than 10%, in particular less than 5% or less than 3%, greater than a Vickers hardness in the area of a projectile center at the same level with respect to a projectile longitudinal axis.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, an intermediate is provided for manufacturing a full floor, in particular designed according to one of the preceding embodiments or aspects.

The intermediate consists of a pre-pressed body made of iron, in particular soft iron, in particular Saarstahl C10C, with an essentially cylindrical rear section and an adjoining, concavely tapering front section. The front section can be produced, for example, by forming, in particular cold forming, such as pressing. For example, the rear section is designed to be further processed to form the projectile rear. Furthermore, the front section can be designed to be further processed, in particular into an ogive-like projectile bow. The inventors have found that the concave front section can lower the deformation forces for further processing the intermediate into a full floor. As a result, on the one hand, the manufacturing costs can be reduced and, on the other hand, the changes in hardness associated with the projectile as a result of deformations, as described above, are reduced. The pre-press body also enables more complex full-story shapes to be produced in a simple manner.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, is a method for producing an intermediate formed according to the preceding aspect for producing a full floor, in particular for producing one according to one of the exemplary embodiments or aspects of the present invention trained full storey, provided.

First, a cylindrical iron blank is provided. The iron blank has a certain external dimension and hardness, in particular Vickers hardness.

The iron blank is then brought into a concavely tapering shape in a front section. For example, this can be done by forming, in particular cold forming, in particular pressing. In the further processing to form a full storey, the concave front section can be further processed into an ogive shape, in particular reshaped, in particular cold-formed, in particular pressed.

Adjacent to the front section, an at least sectionally cylindrical guide band is formed for guiding the full bullet in a gun barrel. The guide band can be produced by forming, in particular cold forming, in particular pressing.

If necessary, a projectile tail with a constant or at least partially continuously tapering outer diameter is then formed on the rear of the guide belt, with a base projectile tapering concavely at least in sections being formed in the area of the projectile tail. The rear of the projectile can be manufactured by forming, in particular cold forming, in particular pressing.

According to an exemplary development of the method according to the invention, the solid projectile is produced, in particular reshaped, in such a way that the iron blank is shortened by less than 20%, in particular less than 15%. Alternatively or in addition, it can be provided that a diameter of the iron blank is enlarged by at most 25%, in particular by at most 20%. Furthermore, it can alternatively or additionally be provided that a Vickers hardness in the area of a guide band outer diameter increases by less than 15%, in particular by less than 10%. The manufacturing method according to the invention for manufacturing an intermediate and / or for manufacturing a full floor ensures that the necessary material deformations on the iron blank can be reduced, so that there is a significantly more homogeneous hardness distribution in the area of the intermediate and / or the full floor than was previously possible was possible in the prior art.

Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 2 eine Seitenansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Intermediats;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht des Vollgeschosses nach 1, wobei eine Härteverteilung angedeutet ist;
• 4 eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 5 eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie V-V aus 4, wobei ein Schusswaffenlauf hinzugefügt ist;
• 6 eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie VI-VI aus 4, wobei ein Schusswaffenlauf hinzugefügt ist;
• 7 eine Seitenansicht eines Rohling zum Herstellen eines erfindungsgemäßen Intermediats und/oder zum Herstellen eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses;
• 8 eine Seitenansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Intermediats; und
• 9 eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Vollgeschosses.

In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by means of a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

• 1 a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a full floor according to the invention;
• 2 a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an intermediate according to the invention;
• 3 a side view of the full floor after 1 , a hardness distribution being indicated;
• 4th a side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a full projectile according to the invention;
• 5 a sectional view along the line VV 4th with a gun barrel added;
• 6th a sectional view along the line VI-VI 4th with a gun barrel added;
• 7th a side view of a blank for producing an intermediate according to the invention and / or for producing a full projectile according to the invention;
• 8th a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an intermediate according to the invention; and
• 9 a side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a full projectile according to the invention.

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, full floors according to the invention are generally given the reference number 1 and intermediates according to the invention generally with the reference number 100 Mistake. For the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the figures are intermediates 100 and full storey 1 made of iron material, in particular a C10C Saar steel with a carbon content of more than 0.05%. The decisive advantage of the material used is its improved environmental compatibility compared to the bullet materials used up to now, such as lead in particular.

In 1 is an exemplary embodiment of the full floor according to the invention 1 shown in side view. One direction of flight F. is indicated schematically by an arrow and shows in 1 To the right. In relation to the bullet's flight direction F. the terms bow, bow side, front or front as well as stern, rear or rear are to be understood. In principle, full storeys according to the invention can be used 1 Divide it into three main sections: A floor bow 3 ; an adjoining guide band 5 ; and one to the leader tape 5 subsequent projectile rear 7th . The projectile bow has an essentially ogive-like shape and tapers in the direction of flight F. while training an ogive 9 towards an end face, in the direction of flight F. pointing flat face 11 . Unlike standard well-known full storeys, where the Ogive 9 The flat end face opens into a projectile tip, which is realized, for example, by reshaping 11 by cutting the ogive to length 9 educated. It was found that the ogive area flattened in this way and the flat end face resulting therefrom 11 positive on the exterior ballistics of the full storey 1 and significantly lower forces are required in the manufacture of the bow-side projectile logs, which can be realized, for example, by reshaping.

The ogive 9 opens into the guide band at the rear 5 . In the direction of the leader tape 5 a curvature of the ogive decreases 9 continuously so that immediately before a transition 13th into the leader band 5 the projectile bow 3 approximates at least a cylindrical shape. The leader tape 5 generally serves the purpose of the full floor 1 within a gun barrel 15th ( 5 , 6th ) to lead and / or to it in a train field profile A. , B. ( 5 , 6th ) of the gun barrel 15th to intervene. The leader tape 5 lays in the full storeys according to the invention 1 a maximum outside diameter D _{a, max of} the full storey 1 firmly. This is realized, among other things, that the transition 13th from the leader tape 5 in the projectile bow 3 is formed by an external contour recess on which there is an external diameter D _{a of} the full storey 1 reduced by leaps and bounds. The circumferential outer contour recess is in 1 schematically by means of the reference number 15th marked visible edge indicated. Due to the external contour recess 15th it can be ensured that essentially exclusively the guide band 5 into the pull profile of the gun barrel 15th intervenes. This is done using the 4th to 6th illustrated below. By minimizing the contact and / or sliding contact between full floors 1 and gun barrel 15th on essentially a preferably narrow-band guide band 5 could the resistance of the full storey 1 inside the gun barrel 15th be reduced.

Furthermore, as it is in 1 is shown, the leader tape 5 at the rear also radially from the projectile rear adjoining the rear 7th from. A transition 17th from the projectile stern 7th into the leader band 5 is formed by an outer contour projection on which there is an outer diameter D _{a of} the full storey 1 continuously enlarged. This is based on the two visible edges that are axially spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the floor 19th , 21 makes clear, between which the outer contour of the full storey is located 1 in the radial direction towards the guide belt 5 continuously widening.

The outer contour jumps in the area of the transitions 13th , 17th can be an angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal extent of the full floor 1 oriented longitudinal axis of the storey in the area have from 10 ° to 90 °, according to 1 the transition 17th is in the range of 150 to 45 °, while at the transition 13th a 900 outer contour protrusion from the projectile bow 3 into the leader band 5 is formed. Furthermore, a radial depth of the outer contour projection or the outer contour recess, which is to be dimensioned transversely to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, is less than 0.5 mm, in particular approximately 0.2 mm. In addition to the technical effect of reducing the penetration resistance through the gun barrel 15th the rear outer contour projection has from the projectile rear 7th into the leader band 5 the technical effect of the so-called breathing of the gun barrel 15th . This is achieved in that when a firearm is fired, the gas pressure that forms or builds up causes the barrel of the firearm to expand elastically 15th generated, which means that the full floor can slide more gently 1 inside the gun barrel 15th comes. This means that the press-through resistance is increasingly reduced. It was found that the resulting gases are located in the outer contour on the rear side in the area of the transition 17th and the gun barrel 15th Press in a limited annular space and thus expand the barrel in a radially elastic manner, resulting in less abrasion between the gun barrel 15th and full storey 1 consists.

The projectile tail points according to 1 one directly to the guide tape 5 or the transition 17th subsequent cylindrical stern section 23 on. The rear side closes on the cylindrical rear section 23 one in a floor 25th opening storey base 27 facing towards the floor 25th at least partially tapered concavely. The radius of curvature of the concave section lies here 27 the base of the bullet in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 times the maximum external bullet diameter D _{a, max} . The at least partially concave projectile base 27 also extends in the longitudinal direction of the full floor 1 0.2 to 0.6 times the maximum external bullet diameter D _{a, max} . In addition, the floor 5 an outside diameter D _a which is in the range of 0.6 times to 0.9 times the maximum projectile outside diameter D _a .

Furthermore, according to the full floor 1 in 1 provided that one in the longitudinal direction of the full floor 1 measured axial length of the guide band 5 in the range of 10-fold to 100-fold a draw-field measurement difference of the firearm barrel 15th lies. As the tension / field dimension difference, the difference between the inside diameter D _{i is} in the area of the tension dimension A. ( 6th ) and inner diameter D _i in the area of the field dimension B. ( 6th ) to understand.

In 2 Figure 3 is a side view of an intermediate of the present invention 100 for the production of a full storey 1 shown in the side view. The intermediate 100 consists of a pre-compression body 101 with a substantially cylindrical tail section 103 and an adjoining, concavely tapering front section 105 . The front section 105 serves in the particular ogive-like projectile bow 3 to be further deformed. In general, the preparation of the intermediate 100 or the full storey 1 by forming, in particular cold forming, such as pressing, from one piece. It was found that by providing an intermediate 100 with a concave tapering front section 105 the forces required for forming can be reduced. This enabled the ballistics of the full projectile 1 be improved. Deformations on the material, especially on the iron blank and / or on the intermediate 100 result in local changes in hardness, which have a negative effect on ballistics. This determined relationship is made with reference to the 7th to 9 explained.

In 3 is again the full floor 1 according to 1 shown, with a hardness distribution according to Vickers being indicated schematically by dashed lines, which characterize areas of essentially the same Vickers hardness. The areas are discussed in more detail below: The figure according to 3 is to be understood in such a way that the percentage change in the material hardness according to Vickers on the completed full storey 1 Measured against an initial hardness according to Vickers of the iron blank provided 200 ( 7th ), from which initially an intermediate according to the invention 100 and then a full floor according to the invention 1 was produced.

In the present example, an initial hardness of 140 HV 10/30 was selected for the iron blank, with a test force of 10 N with a loading time of 30 s. The mass of the completed full floor 1 is about 7.3 g. Based on the dashed areas in the side view of the full floor 1 indicate hardness increases in relation to the Vickers hardness, which can be subdivided into local areas with approximately the same hardness. In 3 Areas of essentially the same hardness are provided with the same reference number, which is discussed in detail below.

Front and rear, indicated by means of the reference number 29 , the greatest percentage change in hardness, in particular an increase in hardness, was identified. In the directly on the floor 25th or the front face on the bow side 11 subsequent areas that relate to the central axis of the bullet M. lie symmetrically and proceeding from the respective end face, floor of the floor 25th or face 11 , tapering convex, hardness increases of over 40% were measured. In the fields of 29 there is a Vickers hardness of at least 200 HV 10/30. The majority of the full floor, indicated by the reference number 35 , experienced an increase in hardness of about 10% to 20%, so that Vickers hardnesses in the range from 150 HV 10/30 to 170 HV 10/30 could be measured. In an elongated, roughly elliptical area 33 , which is located in the area of the bullet center axis M. about 2/3 to 3/4 of the axial dimension of the full storey 1 extended, the slightest changes in hardness were introduced into the material. In that area 33 If the increase in hardness is less than 50%, Vickers hardnesses of less than 150 HV 10/30 can be measured. Interesting for the full floors 1 According to the present invention it was possible to achieve that in the area of the guide band 5 and in the axial direction well beyond this, in particular in the cylindrical rear section 23 as well as part of the ogive 9 , very slight increases in hardness of around 7% or the resulting Vickers hardness in the range of around 150 HV 10/30 were generated, so that in the range of the tensile field dimension of the full bullet 1 as well as in the area near the central axis of the bullet M. (Area 33 ) has essentially the same Vickers hardness. According to the invention, it was found that the homogeneous hardness distribution formed in this way has a positive effect on the ballistics and precision of the full bullet 1 affects.

In 4th is a further exemplary embodiment of a full floor according to the invention 1 pictured. To avoid repetition, the following description will essentially deal with these differences that arise in relation to the preceding explanations. For example, the full floor represents 1 according to the 1 and 3 a so-called 9mm bullet, while in 4th a 13mm bullet is shown. Another essential difference of the full floor 1 according to 4th is that the transitions 13th , 17th are realized differently: In contrast to 1 , 3 is on the full floor 1 according to 4th the transition on the front 13th through one of the projectile bow 3 into the leader band 5 Formed radially outward widening outer contour projection on which the outer diameter D _{a of} the full storey 1 continuously enlarged before the outer contour through the narrow, cylindrical guide band 5 that is defined in the train dimension A. of the gun barrel 15th intervenes. Again at the rear of the leader band 5 is the transition 17th from the leader tape 5 in the rear of the projectile 7th formed by an abrupt external contour recess in which the external diameter D _{a is} abruptly reduced. In contrast to the embodiment according to 1 , 3 this includes the rear of the guide tape 5 subsequent projectile stern 7th no concave bullet base 27 , but a chamfered floor 25th , by means of a phase oriented at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet 37 into the elongated cylindrical section 23 of the projectile stern 7th flows out.

Based on 5 , 6th , which are cross-sectional views according to the lines VV and VI-VI and in which the gun barrel 15th is added schematically, the different outer diameters D _{a of} the full storey 1 evident. The cross-sectional view VV in 5 is along the leader tape 5 cut, while the cross-sectional view VI-VI in 6th rear in the area of the cylindrical stern section 23 is cut. Schematically and clearly enlarged are in the 5 , 6th the train-field-measure profile indicated, the field-measure profile by means of the reference symbol B. and the tensile gauge profile by means of the reference number A. is indicated. On the inner circumference 41 of the gun barrel 15th arranged trains 39 , which are expressed in the form of grooves, are by means of the reference number 39 marked. From a synopsis of the 5 and 6th it can be seen that the outer diameter D _{a is} in the area of the guide band 5 ( 5 ) is dimensioned larger than the outer diameter D _a in the area of the cylindrical rear section 23 ( 6th ). For the sake of clarity, the dimensions of the trains are 39 dimensioned larger in the radial direction than is actually the case. Furthermore, there are the radial distances between full floors 1 and firearm barrel inner circumferential surface 41 also shown enlarged. Out 5 it can be seen that the narrow-band cylindrical guide band 5 is set up for this, essentially the measure of tension A. of the firearm barrel and thus in the trains 39 of the gun barrel 15th to intervene. In contrast, the cylindrical tail section forms 23 essentially the field size profile B. of the gun barrel 15th and therefore essentially only engages in the respectively between two adjacent trains 39 arranged fields 43 a.

Based on 7th to 9 on the one hand the manufacturing method according to the invention is explained and again on the homogeneous hardness distribution according to the invention on the solid bullet produced 1 received. In 7th is a cylindrical iron blank 200 provided which has a predetermined dimension, for example an axial length of just under 30 millimeters, in particular 28.55 millimeters, and a diameter of less than 5 millimeters, in particular about 4.7 millimeters. From the iron blank 200 is first an intermediate according to the invention 100 ( 8th ) formed, in particular formed, preferably cold formed. For this purpose, a concavely tapering front section is used on the front 105 preferably formed by forming, in particular cold forming.

The pre-pressed body produced in this way 101 then becomes a full floor according to the invention 1 further processed that in 9 is shown. The iron blank 200 was also edited in such a way that the intermediate 100 according to 8th has experienced an increase in diameter of around 15% and a reduction in length of around 5%, so that the intermediate 100 for example, has a length of 27.09 millimeters and a diameter of 5.4 millimeters. The finished full floor 1 according to 9 was based on the intermediate 100 shortened again by about 9%, the diameter having increased again by about 5%, so that the full projectile has a length of 24.7 millimeters and a maximum outer diameter D _{a, max} of 5.66 millimeters, for example. For example, the 5.56 mm solid bullet 1 has a mass of 3.88 g. In relation to the originally provided iron blank made of C10C material, this means an overall diameter increase of about 20% and an overall length reduction of about 13.5%.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in the various configurations.

List of reference symbols

1

Full floor

3

Projectile bow

5

Leader tape

7th

Bullet tail

9

Ogive

11

Face

13, 17

crossing

15th

Firearm barrel

19, 21

Visible edge

23

Stern section

25th

ground

27

Floor base

29, 31, 33, 35

Area of essentially the same hardness

37

phase

39

train

41

Inner circumference

43

field

100

Intermediate

101

Pre-press body

103

Stern section

105

Front section

200

Iron blank

M.

Central axis

F.

Flight direction

A.

Train profile

B.

Field profile

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 4109581 [0003]

Claims (23)

Full bullet (1) for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, the full bullet (1) being made of iron, in particular soft iron, with a carbon content of more than 0.05%. Full floor (1) after Claim 1 , the carbon content being in the range from 0.06% to 1.14%, in particular in the range from 0.08% to 0.12%. Full floor (1) after Claim 1 or 2 , the iron having a manganese content of 0.01% to 0.8%, in particular from 0.03% to 0.6%. Full bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron has a silicon content of less than 0.5%, in particular of less than 0.4% or less than 0.3%. Full bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron has a phosphorus content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%. Full bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron has a sulfur content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%. Full bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron has a copper content of less than 0.4%, in particular of less than 0.3% or less than 0.25%. Full bullet (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising an in particular ogive-like projectile bow (3), an adjoining, at least partially cylindrical guide band (5) for guiding the Full bullet (1) in a firearm barrel (15), in particular for engaging in trains of a train-field profile of a firearm barrel (15), and a bullet tail (7) adjoining the guide band (5), one floor and one in the floor has opening projectile base which tapers concavely at least in sections in the direction of the bottom. Full floor (1) after Claim 8 , wherein a radius of curvature defining an outer contour of the projectile base is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 times a maximum projectile external diameter. Full floor (1) after one of the Claims 8 to 9 wherein the at least partially concave projectile base extends in the longitudinal direction of the full projectile (1) by 0.2 times to 0.6 times a maximum external projectile diameter. Full floor (1) after one of the Claims 8 to 10 , wherein the base has an outside diameter in the range of 0.6 times to 0.9 times a maximum projectile outside diameter. Full bullet (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising an in particular ogive-like projectile bow (3), an adjoining, at least partially cylindrical guide band (5) for guiding the Full projectile (1) in a firearm barrel (15), in particular for engaging in trains of a train-field profile of a firearm barrel (15), and a projectile rear (7) adjoining the guide band (5), with a transition from the projectile rear (7 ) is formed in the guide band (5) by an outer contour projection on which an outer diameter of the full projectile (1) increases continuously or suddenly. Full floor (1) after Claim 12 , wherein the outer contour projection has an angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal axis of the projectile oriented in the longitudinal direction of extent of the solid projectile (1) in the range of 10 ° to 90 °. Full bullet (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising an in particular ogive-like projectile bow (3), an adjoining, at least partially cylindrical guide band (5) for guiding the Full bullet (1) in a firearm barrel (15), in particular for engaging in trains of a train-field profile of a firearm barrel (15), a transition from the guide band (5) to the projectile nose (3) being formed by an external contour recess the outer diameter of the full floor (1) decreases continuously or abruptly. Full floor (1) after Claim 8 , wherein the outer contour recess has an angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal axis of the projectile oriented in the direction of longitudinal extent of the solid projectile (1) in the range of 10 ° to 90 °. Full floor (1) after one of the Claims 12 to 15th , wherein the outer contour projection and / or the outer contour recess has a radial depth, measured transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, of less than 0.5 mm, in particular of less than 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.2 mm. Full bullet (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising a guide band (5), which is cylindrical at least in sections, for guiding the full bullet (1) in a gun barrel (15), in particular for engaging in the trains of a train-field profile of a firearm barrel (15), which has an axial length measured in the longitudinal direction of the full projectile (1) in the range of 10 to 100 times the draw / field dimension difference of a gun barrel (15 ) owns. Full projectile (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising an in particular ogive-like projectile bow (3), which is oriented in the direction of the projectile longitudinal axis, essentially flat, in particular by cutting to length produced, front face has. Full bullet (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, made of iron, comprising a guide band (5), which is cylindrical at least in sections, for guiding the full bullet (1) in a gun barrel (15), in particular for engaging in the features of a pull-field profile of a firearm barrel (15), a Vickers hardness in the region of a guide band outer diameter being at most 150 HV. Full floor (1) after Claim 19 , a Vickers hardness in the area of the outer diameter of the guide band being less than 10%, in particular less than 5% or less than 3%, greater than a Vickers hardness in the area of a bullet center at the same level with respect to a bullet longitudinal axis. Intermediate (100) for manufacturing a full projectile (1) designed in particular according to one of the preceding claims, consisting of a pre-pressed body made of iron with an essentially cylindrical rear section (103) and an adjoining, concavely tapering, in particular by forming, in particular cold forming, like pressing, manufactured, front section (105). Method for producing a in particular according to Claim 21 trained intermediate (100) for manufacturing a full floor (1), in particular for manufacturing one according to one of the Claims 1 to 20th formed full storey (1), in which a cylindrical iron blank (200) is provided and the iron blank (200) is brought into a concave tapering shape in a front section (105), in particular formed, in particular cold formed, in particular pressed, in particular the concave front section (105) is formed into an ogive shape, in particular cold-formed, in particular pressed, and a cylindrical guide band (5) for guiding the full bullet (1) in a firearm barrel (15) is formed at least in sections adjacent to the front section (105), in particular reshaped, in particular cold-formed, in particular pressed, and, if necessary, a projectile tail (7) with a constant or at least partially continuously tapering outer diameter is formed, in particular formed, in particular cold-formed, in particular pressed, following the guide belt (5). Procedure according to Claim 22 the full projectile (1) being produced, in particular reshaped, in such a way that the iron blank (200) is shortened by less than 20%, in particular less than 15%, and / or a diameter of the iron blank is increased by at most 25%, in particular by at most 20%, and / or a Vickers hardness in the area of a guide band outer diameter increases by less than 15%, in particular by less than 10%.

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