EP3507565A1

EP3507565A1 - Projectile with penetrator

Info

Publication number: EP3507565A1
Application number: EP17764359.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roger August STADELMANN
Original assignee: Saltech AG
Current assignee: Saltech AG
Priority date: 2016-09-02
Filing date: 2017-09-01
Publication date: 2019-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-01
Also published as: BR112019004186B1; AU2017320928B2; CA3035079A1; ES2933679T3; US20190242680A1; CN109791036A; HUE060908T2; DK3507565T3; AU2023200529A1; BR112019004186A2; EP3507565B1; WO2018042000A1; PT3507565T; RS63869B1; US10890423B2; SI3507565T1; FI3507565T3; PL3507565T3; HRP20221423T1; LT3507565T

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile (1, 1') comprising a retaining element (2, 2') and a penetrator (3). The penetrator (3) is at least partly received in a retaining element (2, 2') receiving opening (12, 12') which runs centrally relative to the projectile axis (A) and has a penetrator front (4) and a penetrator rear (5). The penetrator rear (5) has a cylindrical shape, and the penetrator front (4) runs in a conical manner from the penetrator rear (5) in the direction of a penetrator tip (6) with respect to the projectile axis (A). The length ratio of the length (LPF) of the penetrator front (4) to the length (LPH) of the penetrator rear (5) is approximately 1 to 1, preferably approximately 1 to 1.5, particularly preferably approximately 1 to 2.2.

Description

TITLE

STOREY WITH PENETRATOR

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a projectile according to the preamble of claim 1. STATE OF THE ART

Under a Hartkerngeschoss or Balancing projectile is understood a projectile with high penetrating power, which has an armor piercing effect. Such projectiles are used in particular by snipers and aim for a precise penetration of armored targets such as personal protection vest, bulletproof glass, steel plates or light metal armor. In these projectiles, the kinetic energy of their projectile is used to penetrate the target surface, so that can be dispensed in the projectile even on explosives or detonators. The term penetrator is therefore a common term for the projectile. Projectiles which have a core with a jacket are referred to as jacket bullets. The jacket protects the barrel on the one hand and also prevents deformation or splitting of the core when hitting a target object. While solid shell bullets completely surround the core and allow high projectile velocities, the core is not surrounded by shell material on part shell bullets at the tip, so when impacting a target, the less stable bullet tip is deformed by the high pressure on impact and penetration of the target and causes an effective energy delivery in the target object. Such ammunition is known in various designs. Thus, WO 97/41404 discloses a small-caliber projectile having a bullet core of a hard and heavy material, wherein the bullet core is disposed within a hollow bullet jacket. From US Pat. No. 3,782,287, an armor-piercing projectile with a projectile casing is known, a hard-metal core and a filling material being arranged in the projectile casing. No. 6,374,743 B1 discloses a small caliber projectile with a hard core arranged on the front side and a soft core arranged on the rear side. The small caliber bullet has a steel, clad steel or brass cladding.

From WO 2006/010424 a hard core projectile is known, which has a bullet core. In the bullet core, a penetrator is inserted, which protrudes from the bullet core.

Many of the prior art bullets, due to their geometry and ballistic properties, have insufficient penetrating capability or hit probability of the armored target.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a projectile which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. A particularly preferred object is to provide a bullet, which has a high penetration and increased precision.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a projectile according to claim 1. Further embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

Thus, a projectile comprising a retaining element and a penetrator is specified, the penetrator being accommodated at least partially in a receiving opening of the retaining element running concentric with the projectile axis and having a penetrator front and a penetrator tail. The penetrator tail is cylindrical and the penetrator front is tapered starting from the penetrator in the direction of a penetrator tip to the projectile axis. The length of the penetrator front is in terms of the length of the Penetratorhecks in an aspect ratio of about 1 to 1, preferably about 1 to 1.5, more preferably about 1 to 2.2.

In other words, the penetrator has a cylindrical tail and a conical or conical front, with the rear seen along the projectile axis is longer than the front. A conical or conical front is understood in particular to mean that the front is conical or conical in the geometrical sense. That is, the outer surface preferably extends at a constant angle to the central axis of the penetrator. It is preferable that the cylindrical penetrator tail and the conical penetrator front are formed in a weight ratio of about 2 to 12, preferably about 4 to 10, to each other. In other words, it is preferred that the cylindrical penetrator tail has a weight which is about 2 to 12 times larger, preferably about 4 to 10 times larger, than the weight of the conical penetrator front.

These weight distributions result in increased precision.

Preferably, the penetrator front has a cone angle between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 13 °. This means that the penetrator front tapering from the penetrator tail in the direction of the penetrator tip has a diameter which becomes smaller along this direction so that the penetrator front has a smaller diameter in its front region than in its rear region.

The penetrator tip may have a flat end surface which extends perpendicular to the projectile axis. The penetrator may alternatively have a pointed end.

The tapered penetrator front thus preferably opens into a penetrator tip, which forms an elongated angle. This means that the penetrator tip can be a so-called flat tip. The diameter of the penetrator tip is preferably between about 0.4 and 1.2 mm, more preferably about 0.8 mm.

It is preferred that the total length of the penetrator is between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 45 mm, and / or that the length of the penetrator front is between 12 mm and 17 mm, preferably 14 mm, and / or that the length of the Penetratorhecks between 15 mm and 44 mm, preferably 31 mm.

The diameter of the penetrator tail is preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, preferably 7 mm.

It is preferred that the total length of the penetrator, so the sum of the length of the penetrator front and the length of the Penetratorhecks, and the diameter of the Penetratorhecks in a ratio of about 4 to 10, preferably from about 5 to 9 to each other. In other words, it is preferable that the total length of the penetrator is about 4 to 10 times longer, preferably about 5 to 9 times longer than the diameter of the penetrator back.

These aspect ratios affect the breakdown power positively, that is, the penetrator receives a high penetration and can travel in a target a longer way before it is stopped.

The penetrator is preferably formed in one piece from the penetrator front and the penetrator tail and is preferably made of a material with a higher density than the holding element, in particular of tungsten carbide.

A large impact on the target object and an armor piercing effect can be achieved by the penetrator consisting of a material with high density, which gives the penetrator a high strength or hardness. Thus, the penetrator is preferably made of an alloy whose main constituent is tungsten, e.g. Tungsten carbide. However, it is also possible that the penetrator consists of a single element, e.g. Tungsten, exists.

In an integrally formed penetrator, therefore, the penetrator front and the penetrator tail are not designed as different components, but rather an integrally formed penetrator whose outer shape, viewed from the penetrator tip, is formed in a conical shape and merges into a cylindrical rear region. According to a first embodiment, the penetrator, in particular the penetrator front, projects out of the holding element on the face side. If such a bullet with projecting penetrator impinges on the target object, the penetrator unfolds its effect immediately, whereby energy, which would be required in the case of a fully covered penetrator for the deformation or disassembly of the holding element, is completely available to the penetrator. It is preferred that the penetrator tail is received precisely in the receiving opening of the holding element.

Thus, while the penetrator protrudes from the front side of the receiving opening of the holding element, the rear-side region of the penetrator is received in the receiving opening. The attachment of the penetrator in the holding element can via a frictional connection such as a press fit, in which the penetrator is pressed into the receiving opening in the holding element, take place. Preferably, the retaining element has several Einrillungen reduced diameter in the region of the holding element center. Other ways of attachment are a cohesive connection by soldering or gluing or a positive attachment.

The retaining element preferably has a frustoconical holding element tail, a cylindrical holding element center and a holding element front, which is formed tapering from the holding element center in the direction of the penetrator tip to the projectile axis. Preferably, the holding element front forms an extension of the conical tip of the penetrator and extends in the same direction as the conical tip of the penetrator. It is preferred that the holding element front has a cone angle between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 13 °, and / or that the holding element front has a wall thickness which decreases continuously in the direction of the penetrator tip and preferably in the transition region between the penetrator front and the penetrator tail Zero is so that the entire penetrator front is exposed.

In other words, there is preferably a seamless transition between the holding element front and the penetrator front. The lateral surface of the penetrator front can thus be seen as extending along the projectile axis extension of the lateral surface of the holding element front, which adjoins seamlessly on the lateral surface of the holding element front. Such an embodiment of the projectile outer surface gives good aerodynamic and ballistic properties. Thus, the entire penetrator front preferably projects out of the holding element and already penetrates into the target object before the holding element impinges on the target object, so that the projectile can deliver its kinetic energy very effectively to the target object. But it is also possible that the holding element front extends at least partially over the penetrator rear and leaves uncovered, for example, both the penetrator tip and a part of the penetrator back.

Preferably, the retaining element rear has a truncated cone angle between 5 ° and 15 °, preferably 9 °, and / or the diameter at the truncated cone end of the retaining element tail is preferably between 9 mm and 11 mm, preferably 10 mm, and / or Halteelement- The stern preferably has a conical indentation.

The conical indentation is preferably in the rear region of the retaining element tail and serves to improve the flight characteristics of the projectile by stabilization.

Preferably, the diameter of the holding element center between 12.5 mm and 13.5 mm, preferably 12.98 mm, and / or the lateral surface of the holding element center preferably has circumferential grooves. The grooves may be arranged in a rear region of the holding element center. However, it is also conceivable that only a front-side region of the holding element center or the entire holding element center is provided with grooves. In particular, about one third to half of the lateral surface, starting from the rear end in the direction of the front end of the Halteelement- Seen in the middle, with grooves. In this case, two or more grooves are preferably provided, which are formed starting from the rear end of the holding element center in the direction of the front end of the holding element center immediately adjacent to each other in the lateral surface of the holding element center. It is possible that the grooves are each arranged at the same distance from each other on the lateral surface. Alternatively, however, the grooves may also have different distances from each other. For example, four grooves may be provided, wherein the distance between two adjacent grooves, starting from the rear end in the direction of the front end of the holding element center increases increasingly. Or the first two grooves with respect to the rear end of the holding element center can be arranged at a first distance from one another and the last two grooves with respect to the rear end of the holding element center at a second distance which is greater or smaller than the first distance be. In addition, it is conceivable that the grooves each have an identical groove profile, ie have the same groove depth or extend into the lateral surface by the same amount and grout over the same groove shape. Conceivable groove shapes are, for example, semicircular or U-shaped grooves or rectangular grooves. A semicircular, U-shaped or rectangular groove is understood to mean a groove which delimits a semicircular, U-shaped or rectangular recess. However, it is also possible that the grooves each have different groove profiles. In addition to the same or different geometric shapes of the recess, the clearance of the recess can also be the same or different.

The groove depth is preferably between 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular 1.5 mm, and / or the clear width of the grooves is preferably between 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular 1.6 mm, and / or the distance between two adjacent grooves is preferably between 1 mm up to 2 mm, in particular 1.2 mm. Or in other words, the groove depth is preferably about one third of the clear width up to twice the clear width, in particular half of the clear width up to once the clear width of the recess. The distance between two adjacent grooves is preferably half the clear width up to twice the clear width, in particular the distance corresponds approximately to the clear width. The circumferential grooves are adapted to cooperate with appropriately trained trains in a gun barrel and serve to reduce the friction of the projectile in the gun barrel, lead to a lower erosion and thus increase the life of the weapon. Together with the rest of the design of the projectile, in particular due to the penetrator, the grooves also lead to an increase in performance. Thus, the friction reduction of the grooves and the hardness of the material as well as the mass of the penetrator cause the projectile to impinge on a target with a high penetration force and, for example, penetrate steel plates. The holding element is preferably formed integrally from the retaining element rear, the holding element center and the holding element front and is preferably made of brass and / or brass alloys.

In an integrally formed holding element, analogous to the integrally formed penetrator, the holding element front, the holding element center and the Halteelement- tail are therefore not formed as different components but integrally molded, the outer shape of the holding element, viewed from the Penetratorspitze, in is conical shape and merges into a cylindrical central region and then in a frustoconical rear area.

The total length of the holding element is preferably between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 43 mm, and / or the length of the holding element front is preferably between 3 mm and 21 mm, preferably 13 mm, and / or the length of the holding element center is preferably between 14 mm and 42 mm, preferably 21 mm.

Preferably, with a total projectile mass of 100% thereof 60% holding element and 40% penetrator. These aspect ratios and mass distribution provide for the present projectile with outstanding penetrator an ideal weight distribution, the point of the bullet being optimal for a ballistic trajectory. According to a second embodiment, the penetrator is preferably completely, and in particular accurately fitting, received in the holding element.

In other words, the penetrator fills the receiving opening in the holding element completely.

Preferably, the holding element has a frustoconical holding element rear, a cylindrical holding element center and an ogival holding element front, wherein the holding element front merges in its front region into a truncated cone shape or dome shape.

It is preferred that the holding element front, the holding element center and at least partially the retaining element rear are enveloped by a shell, wherein the shell is preferably made of brass.

In the case of a retainer element rear which is enveloped only in regions, for example, the rear region of the retainer tail can be sleeve-free. Instead of a retaining element rear which is enveloped only in some areas, a completely enclosed retaining element tail, that is to say a retaining element which is completely enveloped in its entirety, is also possible. The sheath is preferably designed such that it has the respective shape of the wrapped holding element region, namely ogival, cylindrical or frustoconical. It is preferred that the sheath directly adjacent to the holding element and thus is applied directly on this. A compact, rotationally symmetrical and dimensionally accurate projectile can be provided by a form-fitting fitting to the holding element sleeve, which has good Durchdringungseigenschaften.

The casing preferably has a thickened wall thickness in the front region of the holding element front, and / or the casing preferably has a groove in the region of the holding element center, and / or the casing preferably has a rear flanging in the region of the holding element tail. and / or the shell preferably encloses an air space with the retaining element tail in the region of the retaining element tail. The grooving can interact with appropriately trained trains in a gun barrel and serves to reduce the friction of the projectile in the gun barrel.

The thickening on the front of the case reduces bounce in the case of oblique angle bombardment on hard target objects and also serves to determine the center of mass of the projectile.

Preferably, the holding element center front side has a truncated cone with a cone angle between 30 ° and 50 °, preferably 45 °, and the holding element front preferably has on the rear side a Innengekel with the same cone angle and is positively placed on the truncated cone. These cone angles allow an optimal rotationally symmetrical centering of the holding element front on the holding element center and thus also of the penetrator accommodated therein. It is preferred that the holding element center extends from the penetrator tail in the direction of the penetrator front beyond the center of the penetrator, and / or that the holding element front extends beyond the penetrator tip. In other words, the penetrator tip is completely surrounded by the holding element front. Preferably, the holding element rear and the holding element center are integrally formed and made of a plastic, in particular PET, or steel, and / or the holding element front consists of powdery substances or mixtures such as borax, fire or explosive charges. Here, therefore, the holding element rear and the holding element center are formed integrally, while it is at the holding element front to a separately formed component. While the penetrator is made of a very high density material, the retainer has a material or materials with a lower density than the penetrator.

The total length of the retaining element is preferably between 53 mm and 55 mm, preferably 54 mm, and / or the length of the Halteelement- front is preferably between 22 mm and 28 mm, preferably 26 mm, and / or the length the holding element center is preferably between 19 mm and 25 mm, preferably 21 mm.

Preferably, with a total floor mass of 100% thereof, 10% holding element, 50% penetrator and 40% sheath, and / or preferably with a total holding element mass of 100% thereof 40% holding element front, 50% holding element center and 10% holding element -Rear.

These aspect ratios and mass distribution provide an ideal weight distribution for the present fully enclosed penetrator shell, with the bullet center of gravity being optimal for a ballistic trajectory.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be interpreted as limiting. In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view through a projectile according to a first embodiment

embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a full sectional view through the projectile according to FIG. 1; FIG.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view through a projectile according to a second

embodiment;

4 shows a full sectional view through the projectile according to FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1 to 4 each show a projectile 1, comprising a holding element 2, 2 'and a penetrator 3, which has a penetrator front 4 and a penetrator tail 5. The penetrator 5 is cylindrical in shape and the penetrator front 4 is formed starting from the penetrator 5 in the direction of a Penetratorspitze 6 to the projectile axis A tapered towards. This is in these figures Length ratio between the length LPF of the penetrator front 4 with respect to the length LPH of the penetrator tail 5 about 1 to 2, ie the penetrator tail is longer by about a factor of two than the penetrator front. In particular, in this case the total length LP of the penetrator 3 is 45 mm, the length LPF of the penetrator front 4 being 13 mm and the length LPH of the penetrator rear 5 being 32 mm.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the projectile 1 in which the penetrator 3 is only partially received in the rear side of a receiving opening 12 of the holding element 2 which extends centrally with respect to the projectile axis A and projects out of the holding element 2 with the penetrator front 4. FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the projectile 1 ', in which the penetrator 3 is completely accommodated in the holding element 2'. In FIGS. 1-4, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. In both embodiments, the penetrator front 4 has a cone angle aPF of about 13 ° and the penetrator tip 6 has a flat end face 7, which extends perpendicular to the projectile axis A. Further, the diameter DPH of the penetrator 5 is about 7 mm. In both embodiments, the penetrator 3 is formed in one piece from the penetrator front 4 and the penetrator 5 and is made entirely of tungsten carbide.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the penetrator tail 5 of the projectile 1 according to the first embodiment is snugly received in the receiving opening 12 of the holding element 2, the rear end of the penetrator 5 having a reduced diameter recess in the region of its bottom.

The holding element 2 has a frustoconical holding element rear end 8, a cylindrical holding element center 9 and a holding element front 10, the holding element front 10 tapering from the holding element center 9 in the direction of the penetrator tip 6 to the projectile axis A is trained. The conical holding element front 10 is formed with a cone angle aKF of about 13 ° and has a wall thickness which tapers continuously in the direction of the penetrator tip 6 and is zero at the location of the transition from the penetrator front 4 to the rear 5 of the penetrator. The whole Penetratorfront 4 is thus free. In this case, there is a seamless transition between the front-side holding element front 10 and the rear-side penetrator front 4, so that the lateral surface of the penetrator front 4 can be seen as an extension of the lateral surface of the holding element front 10.

The frustoconical holding element rear 5 in this case has a truncated cone angle aKH of about 9 ° and the diameter DKH at the truncated cone end of the holding element tail 8 is about 10 mm. In addition, the rear retaining element 8 has a conical indentation 11 at the rear, which extends centrally into the retaining element rear 8.

The holding element center 9 has a diameter DKM of about 13 mm and on the lateral surface of the holding element center 9 in some areas circumferential grooves 13 are provided, which can cooperate with appropriately trained trains in a gun barrel (not shown).

In the embodiment shown here, four grooves 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d formed in the lateral surface of the holding element center 9, wherein the grooves 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d starting from the rear end of the holding element center 9 toward the front end of Holding element center 9 seen along approximately half of the lateral surface are arranged immediately adjacent to each other. The respect to the rear end of the holding element center 9 seen first two grooves 13a, 13b are identical here. Thus, both have the same U-shaped groove shape and extend with the same groove depth RTa, RTb into the lateral surface of the holding element center 9. Also, the clear width of these grooves, that is, together with the groove depth RTa, RTb or clear height and the clear width RBa, RBb, each is the same. The distance RTa between these two grooves 13a, 13b corresponds approximately to the groove depth RTa, RTb or clear height of these grooves 13a, 13b. In contrast, the two further two grooves 13c, 13d arranged subsequent to these two grooves 13a, 13b each have a rectangular groove shape and differ in their clear width from both the first two grooves 13a, 13b and from each other. In particular, the rectangular grooves 13c, 13d each have a smaller groove depth RTc, RTd than the U-shape. shaped grooves 13a, 13b. In addition, the rectangular groove 13c disposed adjacent to the U-shaped groove 13b extends into the circumferential surface by a much smaller amount than the other rectangular groove 13d. While the rectangular groove 13c and the U-shaped groove 13b adjacent thereto are arranged at a distance RAb from each other which is approximately equal to the distance RAa of the two U-shaped grooves, the distance RAc is between the two rectangular grooves 13c, 13d however, much smaller. The groove depth RTa, RTb of the first and second U-shaped grooves 13a, 13b is here about one eighth of the diameter DKM of the holding element center. The groove depths RTc, RTd of the third groove 13c disposed adjacent to the U-shaped groove 13b and the fourth groove 13d located adjacent to the third groove 13c are about a factor of 30 and 15, respectively, smaller than the diameter DKM holding-center.

However, it should be understood that the groove arrangement and groove formation are not limited to the grooves shown here. Instead, fewer or more than four grooves may be provided which have the same or different groove profiles and / or are arranged in respectively the same or varying distances from each other. In Figures 1 and 2, the holding element 2 is integrally formed from the retaining element rear 8, the holding element center 9 and the Halteelement- front 10 and is made entirely of brass. The total length LK of the holding element 2 here amounts to approximately 46 mm, the length LKF of the holding element front 10 being approximately 14 mm, the length LKM of the holding element center 9 approximately 22 mm, and the length LKH of the holding element tail 8 being approximately 10 mm ,

With a total projectile mass of 100%, 60% of this are holding element 2 and 40% penetrator 3. The projectile 1 here therefore consists solely of the holding element 2 and the penetrator 3 and is in particular formed without a casing.

As already mentioned and can be seen from Figures 3 and 4, in the projectile 1 'according to the second embodiment, not only the penetrator rear 5, but also the penetrator 4, so the entire penetrator, completely in the holding element 2' added.

The holding element 2 'of the projectile has, analogously to the holding element 2 of the projectile 1, a frustoconical holding element tail 8' and a cylindrical holding element center 9 '. In contrast to the conical holding element front 10 of the projectile 1, however, the holding element 2 'of the projectile has an ogival holding element front 10', which merges into a dome shape in its front region 14.

The diameter DKM 'of the holding element center 9' is about 11 mm. The holding element tail 8 'has a cone obtuse angle aKH' of about 9 °, wherein the diameter DKH 'at the truncated cone end of the holding element tail 8' is about 8.5 mm. The holding element center 9 'has front side over a truncated cone 19 with a cone angle ßKM of about 45 ° and the holding element front 10' has the rear side on a Innengekel 20 with the same cone bevel 1 ßKF of about 45 °, the inner cone 20 on a form fit the truncated cone 19 is placed. The holding element center 9 'extends starting from the penetrator tail 5 in the direction of the penetrator front 4 beyond the center M of the penetrator 3, and the holding element front 10' extends along the same direction beyond the penetrator tip 6. The retaining element tail 8 'and the holding element center 9' are integrally formed and made of PET or steel. The separately formed holding element front 10 'is made of borax. The total length LK 'of the holding element 2' is approximately 54 mm, the length LKF 'of the holding element front 10' being approximately 26 mm and the length LKM 'of the holding element center 9' being approximately 21 mm.

Here, too, the penetrator tail 5 of the projectile 1 'on the rear side in the region of its bottom has a recess with a reduced diameter and is snugly received in a receiving opening 12' of the holding element 2 '. The receiving opening 12 'extends centrally through the holding element center 9' in the holding element tail 8 'into it. The penetrator front 4 is accommodated in a precisely fitting recess of the holding element front 10 ', which increasingly tapers starting from the penetrator 5 in the direction of the penetrator front 4. Due to the inner cone 20 in the rear region of the holding element front 10 'and the truncated cone 19 in the front region of the holding element center 9 'is a tight joining of the holding element front 10' with the holding element center 9 ', and thus a good fixation of the penetrator in the projectile Γ, allows.

In addition, the holding element front 10 ', the holding element center 9' and partially the retaining element tail 8 'enveloped by a shell 15, which is the respective shape of the wrapped support member 2', ie ogival in the front, cylindrical in the central region and frustoconical in the rear area, has. The shell 15 is made entirely of brass here and lies directly on the lateral surface of the holding element front 10 'and the holding element center 9'.

The envelope 15 also partially surrounds the holding element tail 8 'and encloses with the retaining element rear end 8' an air space 18, which increasingly increases from the front region to the rear region of the holding element tail 8 '. The distance between the shell 15 and the lateral surface of the retaining element tail 8 'is thus increasingly increased in this direction.

The shell 15 ends at the rear on the retaining element rear end 8 'in a flange 17 and leaves a portion of the retaining element rear 8' without sheaths. However, the penetrator 3 is never in contact with the sheath 15. The sheath 15 has a thickened wall thickness in the front region of the holding element front 10 'and has a grooving 16 in the region of the holding element center 9', which has a recess 16 corresponding thereto Trains in a gun barrel (not shown) can cooperate.

With a total projectile mass of 100% thereof are 10% holding element 2 ', 50% Penetrator 3 and 40% shell 15, wherein at a total holding element mass of 100% thereof 40% holding element front 10', 50% holding element center 9 'and 10% holding element tail 8 'are. The projectile consists here of the holding element 2 ', the penetrator 3 and the shell 15th ^

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 'projectile

2, 2 'retaining element

3 penetrator

4 penetrator front

5 penetrator tail

6 Penetrator tip

7 face

8,8 'retaining element rear

9.9 'retaining element center

10,10 'retaining element front

1 1 indentation

12, 12 'receiving opening

13, 13a, 13b

13c, 13d grooves

14 front area of the holding element front 15 casing

16 grooving

17 flanging

18 airspace

19 truncated cone

20 inward gag

A bullet axis

LPF length of the penetrator front

LPH length of the penetrator back

LP total length of the penetrator

LKF, LKF 'Length of the retaining element front

LKM, LKM 'Length of the holding element center

LKH, LKH 'Length of the retaining element tail LK, LK 'Overall length of the retaining element

DPH diameter of the penetrator back

DKH, DKH 'Diameter at the truncated cone end of the retaining element tail

DKM, DKM 'Diameter of holding element center

rKF Ogivenradius of the holding element front aPF cone angle of the penetrator front

aKF cone angle of the holding element front

αΚΗ, αΚΗ 'Truncated cone angle of the retaining element tail

ßKM cone angle

ßKF cone angle

ßKM Truncated cone angle of the shell

RTa, RTb

RTc, RTd groove depth

RBa, RBb

RBc, RBd groove width

RAa, RAb

RAc, groove distance

Claims

1. projectile (1,) comprising a holding element (2, 2 ') and a penetrator (3), wherein the penetrator (3) at least partially in a centrally to the projectile axis (A) extending receiving opening (12, 12') of the holding element ( 2, 2 ') and has a penetrator front (4) and a penetrator tail (5), and

wherein the penetrator tail (5) is of cylindrical design and the penetrator front (4), starting from the penetrator tail (5) in the direction of a penetrator tip (6), is tapered towards the projectile axis (A),

characterized in that the length (LPF) of the penetrator front (4) with respect to the length (LPH) of the Penetratorhecks (5) in an aspect ratio of about 1 to 1, preferably about 1 to 1.5, more preferably about 1 to 2.2.

2. Projectile (1, Γ) according to claim 1, wherein the penetrator front (4) has a cone angle (aPF) between 5 ° and 25 °, preferably 13 °, and / or wherein the penetrator tip (6) has a flat end face (7). which extends perpendicular to the projectile axis (A).

3. projectile (1, Γ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Total length (LP) of the penetrator (3) is between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 45 mm, and / or

wherein the length (LPF) of the penetrator front (4) is between 12 mm and 17 mm, preferably 14 mm, and / or

the length (LPH) of the penetrator tail (5) being between 15 mm and 44 mm, preferably 31 mm, and / or

wherein the diameter (DPH) of the Penetratorhecks (5) between 6 mm and 9 mm, preferably 7 mm.

4. projectile (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetrator (3) is formed in one piece from the penetrator front (4) and the penetrator tail (5) and consists of a material with a higher density than the holding element (2, 2 '), in particular of tungsten carbide.

5. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetrator

(3), in particular the penetrator front (4), protrudes from the front side of the holding element (2).

6. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Penetratorheck (5) is accurately recorded in the receiving opening (12) of the holding element (2).

7. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining element

(2) has a frusto-conical retaining element tail (8), a cylindrical holding element center (9) and a holding element front (10) which, starting from the holding element center (9) in the direction of the penetrator tip (6) to the projectile axis (A) is formed tapered towards.

8. projectile (1) according to claim 7, wherein the holding element front (10) has a cone angle (aKF) between 10 ° and 20 °, preferably 13 °, and / or wherein the holding element front (10) has a wall thickness, which decreases continuously in the direction of the penetrator tip (6) and is preferably zero in the transition region between the penetrator front (4) and the penetrator tail (5), so that the entire penetrator front (4) is exposed, and / or

wherein the retaining element tail (5) has a truncated cone angle (aKH) between 5 ° and 15 °, preferably 9 °, and / or

wherein the diameter (DKH) at the truncated cone end of the holding element tail (8) is between 9 mm and 1 1 mm, preferably 10 mm, and / or wherein the holding element tail (8) has a conical recess (1 1), and / or

wherein the diameter (DKM) of the holding element center (9) is between 12.5 mm and 13.5 mm, preferably 12.98 mm, and / or

wherein the lateral surface of the holding element center (9) circumferential grooves (13) having.

9. projectile (1) according to one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the holding element (2) is integrally formed from the retaining element rear (8), the holding element center (9) and the holding element front (10) and preferably made Brass and / or brass alloys.

10. projectile (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the total length (LK) of the holding element (2) between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 43 mm, and / or

wherein the length (LKF) of the holding element front (10) is between 3 mm and 21 mm, preferably 13 mm, and / or

wherein the length (LKM) of the holding element center (9) is between 14 mm and 42 mm, preferably 21 mm.

1 1. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at a total floor mass of 100% thereof 60% holding element (2) and 40% penetrator (3).

12. Projectile () according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the penetrator (3) is completely, and in particular accurately fit, received in the holding element (2 ').

13. A projectile (1 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12, wherein the holding element (2') has a frustoconical retaining element tail (8 '), a cylindrical holding element center (9') and an ogival holding element front ( 10 '), wherein the holding element front (10') merges in its front region (14) into a truncated cone shape or dome shape.

14. projectile () according to claim 13, wherein the holding element front (10 '), the holding element center (9') and at least partially also the Halteelement- tail (8 ') are enveloped by a sheath (15), wherein the Case (15) is preferably made of brass and / or brass alloys.

15. projectile () according to claim 14, wherein the sheath (15) in the front region (14) of the holding element front (10 ') has a thickened wall thickness, and / or

wherein the sheath (15) in the region of the holding element center (9 ') has a grooving (16), and / or

wherein the sheath (15) in the region of the holding element tail (8 ') has a rear-side flanging (17), and / or

wherein the sheath (15) in the region of the holding element tail (8 ') encloses an air space (18) with the holding element tail (8').

16. projectile (Γ) according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the holding element center (9 ') at the front a truncated cone (19) with a cone angle (ßKM) between 30 ° and 50 °, preferably 45 ⁰ , and wherein the Halteelement- front (10 ') rear side has a Innengekel (20) with the same cone angle (ßKF) and is positively placed on the truncated cone (19), and / or

wherein the holding element center (9 ') extends from the penetrator tail (5) in the direction of the penetrator front (4) beyond the center (M) of the penetrator (3), and / or

wherein the holding element front (10 ') extends beyond the penetrator tip (6) addition.

17. projectile (1 ') according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the retaining element rear (8') and the holding element center (9 ') are integrally formed and made of a plastic, in particular PET, or steel, and / or

wherein the holding element front (10 ') consists of powdery substances or mixtures such as borax, fire or explosive charges.

18. projectile () according to one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the total length (LK ') of the holding element (2') is between 53 mm and 55 mm, preferably 54 mm, and / or

wherein the length (LKF ') of the holding element front (10') is between 22 mm and 28 mm, preferably 26 mm, and / or

wherein the length (LKM ') of the holding element center (9') is between 19 mm and 25 mm, preferably 21 mm, and / or with a total projectile mass of 100% of which 10% holding element (2 '), 50% penetrator (3) and 40% shell (15), and / or

wherein at a total holding element mass of 100% thereof 40% holding element front (10 '), 50% holding element center (9') and 10% Halteelement- tail (8 ').