EP3105523B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer des espaces intérieurs de récipients et d'installations - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer des espaces intérieurs de récipients et d'installations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3105523B1
EP3105523B1 EP15703448.9A EP15703448A EP3105523B1 EP 3105523 B1 EP3105523 B1 EP 3105523B1 EP 15703448 A EP15703448 A EP 15703448A EP 3105523 B1 EP3105523 B1 EP 3105523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
gaseous
cleaning
explosive
gaseous component
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EP15703448.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3105523A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Bürgin
Rainer Flury
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bang and Clean GmbH
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Bang and Clean GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL15703448T priority Critical patent/PL3105523T3/pl
Publication of EP3105523A1 publication Critical patent/EP3105523A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0007—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by explosions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
    • F27D25/006—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag using explosives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/16—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • F28G7/005—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves by explosions or detonations; by pressure waves generated by combustion processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cleaning of interiors of containers and equipment. It relates to a method and a device for removing deposits in the interior of containers and plants by means of explosion technology.
  • the device is designed in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the method and the device are used in particular for the cleaning of dirty and garbage containers and equipment with caking on the inner walls, in particular of incinerators.
  • Heating surfaces z. B. of waste incineration plants or generally of combustion boilers are generally subject to heavy pollution. These contaminants have inorganic compositions and typically result from deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coatings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are usually very hard because they either remain melted or fused stick to the wall or are glued together by their lower melting or condensing substances on the colder boiler wall. Such deposits are difficult and insufficient to remove by known cleaning process. As a result, the boiler must be periodically shut down and cooled for cleaning. Since such boilers usually have quite large dimensions, this is often the structure of a Scaffolding in the oven necessary. This also requires a business interruption of several days or weeks and is also extremely unpleasant and unhealthy for the cleaning staff because of the strong dust and grime attack. A mostly inevitable concomitant of a breakdown of a plant are damage to container materials themselves as a result of the strong temperature changes. In addition to the cleaning and repair costs, the plant downtime costs due to the production or revenue loss are an important cost factor.
  • a cleaning method in which the cooled or the operating, hot boiler is cleaned by introducing and igniting explosive devices.
  • the heating surface caking is blown off by the force of the detonation and by the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves.
  • the cleaning time can be significantly reduced with this method compared to the conventional cleaning methods.
  • a disadvantage of this process is the need for explosives. In addition to the high cost of the explosives must be operated to avoid accidents or theft, for example, during storage of the explosive, a large security effort.
  • the cleaning lance is introduced together with the empty container shell into the boiler room and positioned near the point to be cleaned. Subsequently, the container shell is inflated with an explosive gas mixture. By igniting the gas mixture in the container shell, an explosion is generated whose shock waves lead to the detachment of dirt on the boiler walls. The container shell is shredded and burned by the explosion. It therefore represents commodity.
  • This method and the associated device have the advantage over the above-mentioned explosive blasting technology that the method is favorable in operation. So z.
  • a gas mixture comprising oxygen and a combustible gas, compared to explosive cost.
  • the procurement and handling of said gases unlike explosives, does not require any special permits or qualifications so that anyone with appropriate training can perform the procedure.
  • the starting components are supplied via separate supply lines of the cleaning lance and the dangerous explosive gas mixture is therefore produced only in the cleaning lance shortly before the explosion.
  • the handling of the individual components of the gas mixture is much less dangerous, since these are the single highest combustible but not explosive.
  • the associated method has the disadvantage that the filling process is comparatively slow. This is due to the fact that the gaseous components are introduced via metering valves from pressure vessels. The gaseous components are in this case provided in the pressure vessels in stoichiometric quantity ratio to each other. The emptying of the pressure vessel needed but comparatively much time. Thus, the exit velocity of the gaseous components from the pressure vessels approaches the increasing emptying of the pressure vessels in an asymptotic course towards zero. This means that the introduction of the gaseous components into the container shell, in particular towards the end of the filling process, takes comparatively much time.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a cleaning method and an associated cleaning device of the type described above, which allows faster introduction of a defined amount of gaseous starting component. As a result, in particular, the filling of a container shell should be faster.
  • the cleaning method and the associated cleaning device should allow the gaseous components to be introduced in a stoichiometric quantitative ratio with comparatively little control engineering effort.
  • Stoichiometric ratio means that the reactants are fed in proportions to a reaction that none of the reactants is in excess. Accordingly, the calculation of the stoichiometric quantity ratio takes place on the basis of the associated reaction equation.
  • the pressure vessel is connected in particular via a feed line to the cleaning device.
  • the one or more pressure vessels is / are in particular dosing for dosing the to be introduced into the cleaning device amount of gaseous component.
  • the cleaning device in particular also contains at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the at least one pressure vessel.
  • the optimization of the introduction comprises, in particular, the increase in the mean rate of introduction of the at least one gaseous component from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device.
  • the storage space corresponds to that space in the pressure vessel, which receives the gaseous component pressure loaded, which is to be introduced into the cleaning device.
  • the at least one metering device is in particular connected to the control device via a control line.
  • the at least one pressure sensor is in particular connected to the control device via a data line.
  • the introduction of the at least one gaseous component from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device takes place in particular via a feed line.
  • the setpoint residual pressure is set in particular.
  • the introduction of the at least one gaseous component is stopped when the target residual pressure is reached.
  • the average introduction rate is increased over conventional methods, since the introduction rate is higher when reaching a target residual pressure than at the end of the emptying of the pressure vessel.
  • Overpressure is the pressure value which results from the difference between the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel and the prevailing ambient pressure.
  • the ambient pressure is in particular the pressure prevailing outside the pressure vessel.
  • the ambient pressure is for example the atmospheric pressure. This means that the pressure vessel (s) are not emptied to ambient pressure.
  • the maximum pressure corresponds to the pressure in the pressure vessel at the beginning of the introduction.
  • the maximum pressure is also defined in particular.
  • the pressure vessel by means of the control device are filled in advance until reaching the predetermined maximum pressure with the gaseous starting component.
  • the cleaning device is designed for attaching a container shell which can be filled with an explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • the introduction of the at least one gaseous component from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device takes place in particular via a feed line.
  • the associated metering valve is opened via the control device.
  • the respective metering valve is closed again in accordance with the differential pressure method via the control device.
  • the at least one metering device in particular comprises a valve, such as a solenoid valve.
  • the at least one metering device can be mounted on the cleaning device, wherein the associated feed line is guided from the pressure vessel to the metering valve.
  • the at least one metering device can be attached to the outlet of the pressure vessel, with the associated feed line being guided from the metering device to the cleaning device.
  • the feed line may be a flexible hose or a rigid pipe.
  • the feed line may be part of the pressure vessel according to an embodiment of the invention or even train this. This means that the feed line forms the pressure vessel or a part of it. Accordingly, the maximum pressure (also) is built up in the feed line.
  • the at least one metering device may be downstream of a check member, such as check valve, in the flow direction.
  • a check member such as check valve
  • the non-return member also prevents the replacement of components of the explosive mixture between several pressure vessels.
  • the check member is arranged in the flow direction, in particular in front of the feed pressure line.
  • a device for feeding an inert gas such as nitrogen, can be arranged at the same place.
  • the introduced inert gas forms a kind of buffer and prevents the heating of the metering valve by hot explosion gases.
  • the introduced inert gas forms a gas barrier and prevents the exchange of components of the explosive mixture between several metering valves.
  • the metering valve (s) After initiating the planned total volume of explosive mixture, the metering valve (s) are closed. Simultaneously with the closing of the metering valve (s) or subsequently thereto, the ignition is activated via the control device and the explosive, gaseous mixture is caused to explode.
  • the control of the metering valves and the ignition device are coordinated in particular control technology.
  • the delay between the closing of the metering valve (s) and the ignition of the explosive, gaseous mixture be z. B. Split seconds, this delay can be set in advance.
  • initiation and ignition are particularly fully automatic. That is, after triggering the initiation until and with the explosion, in particular, no further manual intervention is necessary.
  • the control device may comprise an operating unit via which the operation of the control device takes place.
  • the initiation process can be triggered via the operating unit and, if necessary, also settings can be made.
  • the control unit may include a touch screen for operation.
  • the operating unit can be designed wirelessly.
  • the force of the explosion and the surface brought into vibration by the shock waves eg a container or pipe wall, cause the wall caking and slagging to break off and thus the surface to be cleaned.
  • an explosive mixture can be provided in the receiving space.
  • the at least one gaseous component can already correspond to the explosive, gaseous mixture which is introduced into the cleaning device.
  • At least two and in particular two gaseous components are separately introduced into the cleaning device and mixed there with each other to the explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • a mixing zone is formed in the receiving space of the cleaning device, in which the first and second gaseous components are mixed to explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • the first gaseous component is in particular a fuel.
  • the fuel from the group of combustible hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane or propane.
  • the second gaseous component is in particular an oxidizing agent, such as. As gaseous oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas.
  • Gaseous components means that the component in question is in gaseous form at the latest in the explosive, gaseous mixture immediately before ignition.
  • the at least one gaseous component is present in particular already with the introduction into the cleaning device as a gas.
  • the gaseous component in the pressure vessel may be under overpressure in liquid form or partially in liquid form.
  • the at least one pressure vessel is supplied in particular from a reservoir with the at least one gaseous component.
  • the filling of the at least one pressure vessel is controlled via a corresponding filling valve.
  • the filling fitting can also be controlled via the control device, i. be opened or closed.
  • the filling valve is in particular connected via a corresponding control line with the control device.
  • the filling valves are in particular valves, such as solenoid valves.
  • the store may be a conventional gas bottle.
  • control device z. B be designed to terminate the filling of the at least one pressure vessel, i. to close the filling, as soon as via the pressure sensor on the pressure vessel of the stored in the control device, predetermined maximum pressure in the pressure vessel is measured.
  • the control device may comprise an input module, via which, for example, desired values such as maximum pressure, desired residual pressure or the quantities of gaseous component to be introduced into the cleaning device per cleaning cycle are detected.
  • desired values such as maximum pressure, desired residual pressure or the quantities of gaseous component to be introduced into the cleaning device per cleaning cycle are detected.
  • the control and data lines in the present description can basically be wired or wireless.
  • the cleaning device comprises a first pressure vessel and a first metering valve.
  • the first gaseous component is introduced from the first pressure vessel via the first metering valve in the cleaning device.
  • the first gaseous component will be from the first Pressure vessel in particular introduced via a first feed line into the cleaning device.
  • the cleaning device includes a second pressure vessel and a second metering valve.
  • the second gaseous component is introduced from the second pressure vessel via the second metering valve in the cleaning device.
  • the second gaseous component is introduced from the second pressure vessel, in particular via the second feed line into the cleaning device.
  • the two gaseous components are introduced in particular in a stoichiometric amount ratio to each other in the cleaning device.
  • the gaseous components are mixed in a mixing zone with each other to the explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • the mixing zone lies in particular in the receiving space of the cleaning device.
  • the pressure sensor is used in particular for measuring the pressure in the pressure vessel during the introduction of the relevant gaseous component from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device. If the cleaning device contains a plurality of pressure vessels for a plurality of gaseous components, then the cleaning device contains in particular a plurality of pressure sensors for measuring the respective pressures in the pressure vessels of the gaseous components during the introduction of the gaseous components from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device.
  • the metering device or the metering valves are controlled by means of a control device as a function of the pressure measured values measured by means of the pressure sensor (s) in or in the pressure vessels.
  • the one or more pressure vessels may for example have a maximum pressure of several bar, such as 10 bar or more, and in particular of 20 bar or more. Thus, a maximum pressure of 20 to 40 bar can be provided. Of the Maximum pressure corresponds to the outlet pressure in the pressure vessel at the beginning of the introduction of the gaseous component into the cleaning device.
  • Means such as compressors, may be provided for compressing the gaseous component in the pressure vessel. This is especially true when the gaseous component in the reservoir, from which the pressure vessel is fed with the gaseous component, has a lower outlet pressure than the predetermined maximum pressure.
  • the above-mentioned maximum pressure allows the injection of the explosive mixture or its output components under high pressure and correspondingly at high speed in the receiving space of the cleaning device, in which, for example, atmospheric pressure prevails.
  • the target residual pressure has z. B. an overpressure of 0.5 bar or more, in particular of 1 bar or more, or even 2 bar or more. or 3 bar or more.
  • the gas inlet velocity at an overpressure of 1 to 2 bar is already about 30% greater. Accordingly, the Gaseinleitdauer is shorter.
  • the target residual pressure may also be 5 bar or more, or 10 bar or more.
  • the cleaning device contains in particular at least one outlet opening, via which the explosive mixture and / or the blast explosion wave from the receiving space, for. B. a gas receiving channel in the interior of the system to be cleaned or in a mounted on the cleaning device container shell can escape.
  • the at least one outlet opening is open in particular during the ignition and explosion of the explosive mixture to the outside.
  • the at least one Outlet opening is open in particular during the introduction of at least one gaseous component in the cleaning device to the outside.
  • the ignition-effective component of the ignition device for igniting the explosive, gaseous mixture is arranged in particular in the receiving space, such as gas intake channel of the cleaning device.
  • the explosive gaseous mixture provided in the receiving space, such as the gas intake duct is exploded by means of an ignition device.
  • the explosive, gaseous mixture is ignited in particular by means of the control device via the ignition device.
  • the ignition device is in particular an electrical ignition device. This is characterized by the fact that it forms a spark for ignition or in particular an arc.
  • Each pressure vessel may be associated with one or more metering valves for the metered introduction of the gaseous components from the pressure vessel into the cleaning device. If several metering valves are provided per pressure vessel, these are each also assigned in particular separate feeders.
  • the flow cross-sectional area of the metering valve or of the metering valves of the at least two gaseous components is in particular in a stoichiometric ratio to one another.
  • the number of metering valves per pressure vessel corresponds in particular to the stoichiometric ratio of the introduced from the corresponding pressure vessels gaseous Components for generating the explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • per gaseous component a plurality of pressure vessels are provided, each with one or more feed lines and metering valves.
  • the number of pressure vessels per gaseous component may correspond to the stoichiometric ratio of the supplied gaseous components.
  • the pressure vessel may cooperate with an ejection means, by means of which the gaseous component is ejected during the introduction into the cleaning device while reducing the storage space in the pressure vessel.
  • the ejection device may include an ejection element, such as. B. a ram or an ejection cylinder.
  • the ejection element is thereby moved into the storage space.
  • the ejection element may comprise a guide cylinder guided in a guide bush.
  • the ejection element can be driven hydraulically, pneumatically or by motor. The drive is in particular active.
  • an expelling gas such as nitrogen
  • a discharge reservoir with a gas receiving space of variable size. Due to the size or increase in volume of the discharge reservoir caused by the introduction of gas, an ejection element is set in motion, which in turn reduces the storage space of the pressure vessel.
  • the ejection element which z. B. may be an ejection cylinder can interact with a stretchable balloon or bellows structure.
  • the balance memory can, for. B. be formed by the expandable balloon or bellows structure.
  • the ejection element When refilling the storage space with the gaseous component, the ejection element is moved back under magnification of the storage space. For example, the exhaust gas is directed out of the discharge reservoir.
  • the storage space of the pressure vessel cooperates with a balance memory, which is delimited by a displacement element from the storage space of the pressure vessel.
  • the balance memory forms a gas receiving space of variable size.
  • the displacement element shifts due to the decreasing pressure in the storage space and the higher pressure in the balance memory with reduction of the storage space and enlargement of the balance memory.
  • the displacement element shifts in these processes in particular from the storage space away or towards this.
  • the energy of the compensation gas compressed in the compensation reservoir is thus utilized by the gaseous component in the storage space of the pressure vessel the sliding element at least partially eject.
  • the equalizing gas in the balance memory is relaxed in this process, whereby the pressure in the balance memory decreases.
  • the displacement element may be a flexible membrane between the storage space and the balance memory.
  • the membrane can be stretchable.
  • the displacement element can also comprise a displaceable cylinder, in particular a cylinder displaceable in a guide bush.
  • the displacement means may in particular be a double cylinder.
  • the sliding element may also interact with a distensible balloon or bellows structure.
  • the balance memory can, for. B. be formed by the expandable balloon or bellows structure.
  • a limit switch can be provided, by means of which the ignition is triggered via the control device.
  • the limit switch can be triggered, for example, by contact with the ejection element or displacement element, if this has reached a desired position during the ejection process.
  • the cleaning device is a longitudinal component with an inlet-side and a cleaning-side end portion.
  • the feed-side end section is that end section at which the at least one gaseous component is introduced into the cleaning appliance. As this end section usually also faces the user, the expression of the user-side end section also applies if appropriate.
  • the feed side end portion may form a handle portion over which the cleaner may be held by the user.
  • the cleaning-side end portion is that end portion which faces the cleansing point.
  • the longitudinal component contains a gas intake channel extending in the longitudinal direction, also called a gas guide channel.
  • the gas intake channel is closed in particular.
  • the gas receiving channel is a supply channel for supplying the explosive gaseous mixture from the supply side to the cleaning side end portion.
  • the gas receiving channel forms in particular the receiving space or a part thereof.
  • the gas receiving channel ends in the cleaning-side end portion and forms there in particular one or more outlet openings.
  • the closed gas receiving channel may be formed as a pipe, also referred to as a gas pick-up tube or gas guide tube.
  • the tube can be rigid or flexible.
  • a flexible tube can z. B. as a hose, such as corrugated pipe -ausge know.
  • the longitudinal component may be designed for attaching a container casing on the cleaning-side end portion.
  • the longitudinal component is in particular designed to bring the explosive, gaseous mixture as close as possible to the point to be cleaned before it is made to explode.
  • the at least one gaseous component can be introduced into the longitudinal component, in particular at the feed-side end section, via the at least one metering fitting from the at least one pressure vessel.
  • the introduction takes place in particular via a feed line.
  • the at least one metering device for metered introduction of the at least one gaseous component from the at least one pressure vessel into the longitudinal component is mounted in particular in the feed side end section.
  • metering valves on the cleaning device can be z. B. in the longitudinal extension of the cleaning device, such as longitudinal component to be arranged one after the other.
  • metering valves, each for one starting component can also be arranged along the circumference of the receiving space, such as a gas pick-up tube, viewed transversely to the longitudinal extent.
  • an inner tube is arranged in particular within the gas pick-up tube.
  • the two tubes and can be arranged concentrically with each other.
  • the inner tube forms a first introduction channel for introducing a first, gaseous component from a first pressure vessel.
  • a second, annular inlet channel for introducing a second, gaseous component is formed between the gas intake tube and the inner tube.
  • the inner tube terminates in particular in the gas intake tube.
  • the flow of the at least one gaseous component extends following its introduction, in particular in the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal component in the direction of the cleaning-side end portion.
  • the first inlet channel opens in the direction of the cleaning-side end portion at the said end of the inner tube in an outlet opening.
  • the first and second inlet channel go at the end of the inner tube, in particular in the gas receiving channel, in particular in a supply channel over.
  • a mixing zone is formed, in which the gaseous components flowing in from the first and second inlet ducts in the direction of the cleaning-side end section are mixed to form an explosive, gaseous mixture.
  • the cleaning device or the longitudinal component is in particular a cleaning lance.
  • the length of the longitudinal component or the gas receiving channel may, for. 1 m (meter) or more, or 2 m or more, or 3 m or more, or 4 m or more.
  • the cleaning device or the longitudinal component can, in particular under hot cleaning conditions, a length of one to several meters, z. B. from 4 to 10 m. For cleaning in cold surroundings, if z. B. the Gaseinleitdauer does not play a major role, the cleaning device may even have a length of up to 40 m.
  • the gas receiving channel can form a circular cross section.
  • the (largest) diameter of the gas-receiving channel may be 150 mm (millimeters) or less, or 100 mm or less, or 60 mm or less, and more preferably 55 mm or less.
  • the diameter may be 20 mm or more, or 30 mm or more, more preferably 40 mm or more.
  • the cleaning device can also be provided to form a cloud outside the cleaning device.
  • the explosive, gaseous mixture flows through the outlet not in a container shell but directly into the interior of the system to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning device may include an outlet device with an additional receiving space for explosive, gaseous mixture toward the cleaning-side end section.
  • the present invention has the advantage that the gaseous component is introduced at a higher rate than in conventional methods, according to which the pressure vessel is simply emptied to ambient pressure without further measures.
  • the predetermined amount of gaseous component can be introduced into the cleaning device in a relatively short time.
  • the residence time derselbigen in the hot interior of the system can be reduced by the relatively rapid filling of the container shell.
  • the risk of damage to the container shell by the heat before triggering the explosion is significantly reduced.
  • container cases because of the shorter residence time and heat-sensitive container cases, z. B. plastic, can be used. These container cases are characterized for example by the fact that they are less expensive to manufacture. On the other hand, such container cases are characterized by the fact that they are burned residue. This is not always the case with conventional, more heat-resistant container sleeves due to the paper material used.
  • the amount of gaseous component introduced into the cleaning device can be precisely controlled via pressure measurements on the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure difference method according to the invention furthermore permits monitoring of the gas introduction process for possible faults.
  • a time limit can be provided in the control device with respect to the gas inlet into the cleaning device.
  • the metering valves are closed when reaching a maximum opening time regardless of whether the target residual pressure has already been reached or not.
  • a pressure sensor connected to the control device can be provided, which measures the pressure in the receiving space of the cleaning device. Exceeds the measured pressure during initiation of at least one gaseous component, e.g. B. at a certain time or in a certain period of the introduction, a critical pressure value, the introduction process is stopped and no ignition triggered.
  • at least one gaseous component e.g. B. at a certain time or in a certain period of the introduction
  • the gaseous component (s) can not flow into the cleaning device due to an extraordinary flow resistance in the cleaning device or only at a reduced speed.
  • the gas pressure in the receiving space of the cleaning device is above the usual gas pressure during the introduction process.
  • the flow area is considerably reduced.
  • the container shell unfolds not or not completely. In both cases, the gaseous component is impeded as it flows into the cleaning device or in the associated container shell by an extraordinary flow resistance.
  • the FIG. 1 schematically shows a cleaning device 1 for carrying out the inventive cleaning method.
  • the cleaning device 1 comprises a cleaning device in the form of a coolable cleaning lance 2.
  • the cleaning lance 2 includes an outer casing tube 8, and an inner gas collecting tube 7 arranged inside the outer casing tube 8, which, inter alia, forms the gas receiving channel or feed channel 11.
  • the outer jacket tube 8 encloses the inner gas-receiving tube 7 and thereby forms an annular cooling channel 12.
  • the lance cooling and with this the sheath tube 8 and the cooling channel 12 are not a mandatory feature of the present invention.
  • the cleaning lance 2 has a cleaning-side end section 4 and a feed-side end section 5.
  • the supply channel 11 has outlet openings 31 for the explosive mixture. Furthermore, a container casing 29 is attached to the cleaning-side end portion 4. The container shell 29 can be filled via the supply channel 11 and the outlet openings 31 with the explosive gaseous mixture provided in the cleaning lance 2.
  • the cleaning lance 2 contains at the feed side end portion 5 a arranged in the gas pick-up tube 7 inner tube 6.
  • the inner tube 6 forms a first inlet channel 9.
  • the inner tube 6 terminates in the direction of cleaning-side end portion 4 in the gas pick-up tube 6 and forms an outlet opening for the first inlet channel 9.
  • a second, annular inlet channel 10 is formed between the outer gas intake tube 7 and the inner tube 6, a second, annular inlet channel 10 is formed.
  • the two inlet channels 9, 10 go on End of the inner tube 6 in the direction of the cleaning-side end portion 4 in the supply channel 11 via which is formed by the outer gas-receiving tube 7.
  • a mixing zone 32 is formed in the mixing zone 32.
  • the gaseous, explosive components are mixed to the explosive gas mixture and passed as a mixture through the supply line 11 in the direction of the container shell 29.
  • the cleaning lance 2 further includes an ignition device 13 with an ignition-effective component, which viewed in the supply channel 11 in the direction cleaning end, is arranged after the end of the inner tube 6.
  • the ignition device 13 is connected to a control device 3 via a control line 15a.
  • the cleaning device 2 further includes a first reservoir 24 in the form of a first gas cylinder for feeding a first gaseous component into the cleaning lance 2.
  • the first gas cylinder 24 is connected via a first gas line 22 to a first pressure vessel 21.
  • the first pressure vessel 21 is fed from the first gas cylinder 24 with the first gaseous component.
  • a filling valve 23 in particular in the form of a valve, is arranged, which allows controlled feeding of the first gaseous component from the first gas cylinder 24 into the first pressure vessel 21.
  • a first pressure sensor 17 is provided on the first pressure vessel 21.
  • a first feed line 20 leads to the first inlet channel 9 of the cleaning lance 2.
  • a first metering valve 18, in particular in the form of a valve, is arranged, which is a metered introduction of the first gaseous component from the first pressure vessel 21 in the first inlet channel 9 allowed.
  • the metering fitting 18 is attached to the outlet of the first pressure vessel 21.
  • a first check member 19 is further attached to prevent a caused by the explosion backflow of explosive gas mixture in the feed line 20.
  • the check member 19 is not mandatory.
  • the cleaning device 2 further includes a second reservoir 24 'in the form of a second gas cylinder for feeding a second gaseous component into the cleaning lance 2.
  • the second gas cylinder 24' is connected via a second gas line 22 'to a second pressure vessel 21'.
  • the second pressure vessel 21 ' is fed from the second gas cylinder 24' with the second gaseous component.
  • a second filling valve 23 ' is between the second pressure vessel 21 'and the second gas cylinder 24', in particular in the form of a valve arranged, which allows a metered feeding of the second gaseous component from the second gas cylinder 24' in the second pressure vessel 21 '.
  • a second pressure sensor 17' is provided on the second pressure vessel 21 '.
  • a second metering 18' in particular in the form of a valve, arranged, which is a metered Introducing the second gaseous component from the second pressure vessel 21 'in the second inlet channel 10 allowed.
  • the metering fitting 18 ' is attached to the outlet of the second pressure vessel 21'.
  • a second check member 19' is further attached to prevent a caused by the explosion backflow of explosive gas mixture in the feed line 20 '.
  • the check member 19 ' is not mandatory.
  • the first gaseous component is a combustible gas such as acetylene, ethylene or ethane.
  • the second gaseous component is oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, which is supplied in a larger amount due to the stoichiometry through the larger, second inlet channel 10.
  • the filling of the pressure vessels 21, 21 ' takes place in each case by opening the filling valves 23, 23', whereby the gaseous component from the gas cylinder 24, 24 'flows into the pressure vessel 21, 21'.
  • the gaseous component may have a maximum pressure between 20 and 40 bar in the pressure vessel 21, 21 '.
  • the pressure vessels 21, 21 ' serve to dose the starting components, as will be described in more detail below.
  • control means 3 The metering valves 18, 18 'are controlled by control means 3 via control lines 15b, 15c, i. open or closed.
  • the control device comprises an input module 14 for input of control-relevant parameters, as already explained above.
  • the gaseous starting components are introduced into the cleaning lance 2 in defined amounts and in a stoichiometric relationship to one another from the pressure vessels 21, 21 '. In this way, a defined amount or volume of explosive, gaseous mixture is produced in the correct stoichiometric ratio. First the correct stoichiometric ratio of gaseous starting components makes the gas mixture really explosive.
  • the exact amounts of the gaseous components can be calculated. Since the amount of gaseous component, which is discharged from the pressure vessel, can be calculated from the differential pressure in the pressure vessel, starting from a maximum pressure at the beginning of the gas introduction, a desired residual pressure can now be set, at which the predefined amount of gas is reached was drained from the pressure vessel.
  • a value for the desired residual pressure is stored in the control device.
  • the pressure sensors 17, 17 ' are connected to the control device 3 via corresponding data lines 16a, 16b.
  • the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel 21, 21 ' is repeatedly measured by the control device 3 during the outflow of the gas from the pressure surface 21, 21'.
  • the metering valves 18, 18 ' are closed via the control device 3 and thus the introduction of gas into the cleaning lance 2 is stopped. Since the pressure vessel 21, 21 'has a setpoint residual pressure which is above the ambient pressure, the pressure vessel 21, 21' still contains a certain amount of gaseous component.
  • the pressure vessel is filled exactly with the defined amount of gas. Accordingly, the pressure vessel is emptied when introducing the gaseous component into the cleaning lance.
  • the explosive mixture After completion of the introduction of the explosive mixture in the cleaning lance 2 and after filling the container shell 29 with the explosive, gaseous Mixture, the explosive mixture is ignited by the control device 3 by means of the ignition device 13. The explosive mixture is ignited in the supply channel, wherein the explosion propagates into the container shell 29 and causes them to explode.
  • a viscous coolant is introduced and directed in the direction cleaning side end portion 4.
  • the coolant cools the gas pick-up tube 7 and thus the cleaning lance 2.
  • the cleaning lance 2 has at its feed-side end portion 5 or in the vicinity corresponding respectively to terminals for the feed lines 27, 28 of the coolant supply.
  • water is supplied through the first feed line 27, and air is supplied through the second feed line 28, for example.
  • It can also only a coolant supply line for supplying only a coolant, for. As water, be provided.
  • the coolant e.g. a water / air mixture is passed through the coolant channel 12.
  • the coolant exits at the cleaning-side end section 4 via an outlet opening out of the coolant channel 12, which is indicated by arrows 30.
  • the escaping coolant additionally cools the container shell 29.
  • it may also be provided a closed coolant circuit.
  • the introduction of the coolant components into the coolant channel 12 is controlled via corresponding fittings 25, 26, such as valves. Pressing the same allows the cooling to be switched on and off.
  • This active lance cooling, or the valves 25, 26 can be operated by hand or controlled by the control device 3. Accordingly, the fittings 25, 26 are connected via control lines (not shown) to the control device 3.
  • the coolant channel 12 may also be formed only for passive cooling and have an insulating effect and protect in this way the cleaning lance 2 and the explosive gas mixture therein or its components from heating.
  • the lance cooling described above is optional and not a mandatory feature of the present invention.
  • the cleaning-side end section 4 of the cleaning lance 2 with the container cover 29 attached thereto is inserted in the insertion direction E through a passage opening 53 in the wall 52 of a combustion installation 51 in the insertion direction E into its interior 54.
  • a predefined amount of gas as described above, is introduced from the pressure vessels 21, 21' into the cleaning lances 2.
  • the gas is introduced in a relatively short time.
  • the initiation can take from under one second to a few seconds.
  • the introduction of the gaseous components can not be set arbitrarily high. Accordingly, the introduction time of the gas components down limits.
  • the explosive mixture is ignited immediately or with a time delay by means of the ignition device 13 and caused to explode.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cleaning lance 102 with a similar structure as the cleaning device 1 according to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 ,
  • the cleaning lance 102 also includes a gas pick-up tube 107, which forms a supply channel 111.
  • a gas pick-up tube 107 which forms a supply channel 111.
  • an inner tube 106 is arranged in the gas receiving tube 107, which forms a first introduction channel 109 and ends in the gas receiving tube 107 to form an outlet opening.
  • a second, annular inlet channel 110 is likewise formed.
  • the first and second inlet ducts 109, 110 merge into the supply channel 111 at the end of the inner tube, forming a mixing zone 132 in the direction of the cleaning-side end section (not shown).
  • the cleaning device 101 also includes a control device 103 with an input module 114. Further, the cleaning device 101 includes a first and second pressure vessel 121, 121 'for supplying a first and second gaseous component. The supply of the gaseous starting components to the pressure vessels 121, 121 'via corresponding gas lines 122, 122' and filling valves 123, 123 '.
  • pressure sensors 117, 117 ' which are connected to the control device 103 via data lines 116a, 116b, are also provided on the pressure vessels 121, 121'.
  • An ignition device 113 which is connected to the control device 103 via the control line 115a, is likewise provided on the cleaning lance 102.
  • the present cleaning device 101 now differs from the cleaning device 1 FIG. 1 by a plurality of parallel connected first metering valves 118, in particular valves, through which the first, combustible, gaseous component from the first pressure vessel 121 into the first inlet channel 109 is initiated. Further, the cleaning device 101 includes a plurality of parallel connected second metering valves 118 ', in particular valves, through which the second gaseous component (oxygen) from the second pressure vessel 121' is introduced into the second inlet channel 110.
  • the number of first and second metering valves 118, 118 ' is in the stoichiometric ratio of the supplied gaseous components. In the present case, the ratio is 2: 7, which corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio between the combustible gas and oxygen.
  • the metering valves 118, 118 ' are connected to the control device 103 via corresponding control lines 115b, 115c.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé d'enlèvement de dépôts dans les espaces intérieurs de récipients et d'installations (51) à l'aide d'un ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) recourant à une technologie d'explosion,
    l'ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) contenant un appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) doté d'un espace de réception (11, 111) et au moins un récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121') relié par au moins une robinetterie de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') à l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102),
    le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :
    préparation d'au moins un composant gazeux en surpression dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121'),
    introduction du ou des composants gazeux provenant du récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121') dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) par l'intermédiaire de la robinetterie de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118'),
    préparation dans l'espace de réception (11, 111) d'un mélange gazeux explosif contenant ou étant constitué du ou des composants gazeux qui y ont été introduits et
    allumage du mélange gazeux explosif,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour optimiser l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux depuis le récipient sous pression jusque dans l'appareil de nettoyage :
    la commande de l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) s'effectue selon le principe de la différence entre une pression maximale au début de l'introduction et une pression résiduelle de consigne après la fin de l'introduction, la pression résiduelle de consigne étant située dans la plage des surpressions ou
    l'espace d'accumulation dans le ou les récipients sous pression pendant l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage est diminué.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression résiduelle de consigne est définie sur la base de la quantité de composants gazeux à introduire et partant de la pression maximale et l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux est arrêtée lorsque la pression résiduelle de consigne est atteinte.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) est conçu pour appliquer une enveloppe de récipient (29) apte à être remplie du mélange gazeux explosif, le procédé composant les étapes suivantes :
    application d'une enveloppe de récipient (29) sur l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 202),
    préparation du ou des composants gazeux en surpression dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121'),
    introduction du ou des composants gazeux provenant du récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121') dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) par l'intermédiaire de la robinetterie de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118'),
    préparation dans l'espace de réception (11, 111) d'un mélange gazeux explosif contenant ou étant constitué du ou des composants gazeux qui y ont été introduits et remplissage de l'enveloppe de récipient (29) placée sur l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) par le mélange gazeux explosif et
    allumage du mélange gazeux explosif, le mélange gazeux explosif présent dans l'enveloppe de récipient (29) étant amené à exploser.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) contient un premier récipient sous pression (21; 121) pour introduire un premier composant gazeux et un deuxième récipient sous pression (21'; 121') pour introduire un deuxième composant gazeux, les composants gazeux étant introduits dans des proportions stoechiométriques et mélangés dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) pour fournir le mélange gazeux explosif.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que pendant l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux, la pression dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121') est mesurée au moyen d'au moins un capteur de pression (17, 17'; 117, 117').
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la ou les robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') sont commandées au moyen d'un dispositif de commande (3, 103) en fonction des valeurs de mesure de pression saisies par le ou les capteurs de pression (17, 17'; 117, 117') dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21'; 121, 121').
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la pression résiduelle de consigne correspond à une surpression d'1 bar ou davantage et en particulier de 2 bars ou davantage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) est formée une zone de mélange (32, 132) dans laquelle le premier et le deuxième composants gazeux sont mélangés pour fournir le mélange gazeux explosif.
  9. Ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) servant à enlever les dépôts dans les espaces intérieurs (54) de récipients ou d'installations (51) en recourant à une technologie d'explosion, en particulier pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, l'ensemble comprenant :
    un appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) qui présente un espace de réception (11, 111) servant à préparer un mélange gazeux explosif à partir d'un ou plusieurs composants gazeux,
    au moins un récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') relié à l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) et préparant et introduisant le ou les composants gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102),
    au moins une robinetterie de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') qui introduit de manière dosée le ou les composants gazeux provenant du ou des récipients sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102),
    un dispositif d'allumage (13, 113) qui allume le mélange gazeux explosif et
    un dispositif de commande (3, 103) qui commande la ou les robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') et qui allume le mélange explosif,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) comprend des moyens d'optimisation de la production du ou des composants gazeux provenant du récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102), les moyens comprenant :
    le dispositif de commande (3, 103) est conçu pour commander la ou les robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') en fonction de valeurs de mesure de pression saisies dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') au moyen du ou des capteurs de pression (17, 17'; 117, 117') de telle sorte que le dispositif de commande (3, 103) soit en mesure de terminer l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux provenant du ou des récipients sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) dès que la pression mesurée dans le récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') correspond à une pression résiduelle de consigne située dans la plage des surpressions ou
    un dispositif de diminution de l'espace de réserve du récipient sous pression pendant l'introduction du ou des composants gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage.
  10. Ensemble de nettoyage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) est conçu pour apporter une enveloppe de récipient (29) apte à être remplie d'un mélange gazeux explosif.
  11. Ensemble de nettoyage selon les revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de nettoyage (1, 101) contient un premier récipient sous pression (21, 121) et une première robinetterie de dosage (18, 118) qui introduit un premier composant gazeux ainsi qu'un deuxième récipient sous pression (21', 121') et qu'une deuxième robinetterie de dosage (18', 118') qui introduit un deuxième composant gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102).
  12. Ensemble de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de réception (11, 111) comporte un canal de reprise de gaz, en particulier un canal d'amenée qui apporte le mélange explosif dans une enveloppe de récipient (29) placée sur l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102).
  13. Ensemble de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 11 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') sont associées à chaque récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') pour introduire les composants gazeux dans l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102), le nombre de robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') par récipient sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') correspondant à la proportion stoechiométrique entre les composants gazeux permettant de former le mélange gazeux explosif.
  14. Ensemble de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) contient un composant allongé doté d'une section d'extrémité (5, 105; 4) côté amenée et d'une section d'extrémité côté nettoyage, le composant allongé comportant un canal (11, 111) d'amenée de gaz qui s'étend dans le sens de la longueur (L), en particulier un canal d'amenée, qui amène le mélange gazeux explosif de la section d'extrémité côté amenée à la section d'extrémité côté nettoyage (5, 105, 4) .
  15. Ensemble de nettoyage selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la ou les robinetteries de dosage (18, 18'; 118, 118') permettant d'introduire de manière dosée le ou les composants gazeux depuis le ou les récipients sous pression (21, 21, 21'; 121, 121') dans le composant allongé (2, 102) sont installées sur la section d'extrémité (5, 105) située côté amenée.
  16. Ensemble de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) est une lance de nettoyage.
  17. Ensemble de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de nettoyage (2, 102) présente un tube (7, 107) de reprise de gaz et en ce qu'un tube intérieur (6, 106) est disposé dans la section d'extrémité (5, 105) située côté amenée à l'intérieur du tube (7, 107) de reprise de gaz, en ce que le tube intérieur (6, 106) forme un premier canal d'introduction (9, 109) qui introduit un premier composant gazeux provenant d'un premier récipient sous pression (21, 121) et en ce que le tube (7, 107) de reprise de gaz et le tube intérieur (6, 106) est formé un deuxième canal annulaire d'introduction (10, 110) qui introduit un deuxième composant gazeux, en ce que le tube intérieur (6, 106) se termine dans le tube (7, 107) de réception de gaz, une zone de mélange (32, 132) étant formée à l'extrémité du tube intérieur (6, 106), le premier et le deuxième canal d'introduction (9, 109; 10, 110) se prolongeant en un canal (11, 111) de reprise de gaz et en particulier en un canal d'amenée.
EP15703448.9A 2014-02-11 2015-02-04 Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer des espaces intérieurs de récipients et d'installations Active EP3105523B1 (fr)

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PH12016501430B1 (en) 2016-08-31
JP6600313B2 (ja) 2019-10-30
BR112016018292A2 (pt) 2017-08-08
TR201802430T4 (tr) 2018-03-21
CH709242A1 (de) 2015-08-14
TWI657870B (zh) 2019-05-01
CN106461336B (zh) 2019-10-11
PL3105523T3 (pl) 2018-07-31
ES2695423T3 (es) 2019-01-04
KR20160145543A (ko) 2016-12-20
CA2937691A1 (fr) 2015-08-20
EA036159B1 (ru) 2020-10-08
NO3105523T3 (fr) 2018-05-19
EP3105523A1 (fr) 2016-12-21
AU2015218157A1 (en) 2016-08-25
SA516371650B1 (ar) 2021-01-05
WO2015120563A1 (fr) 2015-08-20
SG11201606675UA (en) 2016-10-28
PH12016501430A1 (en) 2016-08-31
EA201691444A1 (ru) 2016-11-30
CA2937691C (fr) 2022-05-03
DK3105523T3 (en) 2018-03-26
IL246814B (en) 2019-03-31
HUE038542T2 (hu) 2018-10-29
NZ722282A (en) 2021-10-29
BR112016018292B1 (pt) 2021-06-08

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