EP3097300A1 - Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine - Google Patents
Kolben für eine kolbenmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3097300A1 EP3097300A1 EP15700590.1A EP15700590A EP3097300A1 EP 3097300 A1 EP3097300 A1 EP 3097300A1 EP 15700590 A EP15700590 A EP 15700590A EP 3097300 A1 EP3097300 A1 EP 3097300A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- layer
- heat
- layer stack
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHWNVPNZGGXQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Si+4].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O NHWNVPNZGGXQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron-aluminum-chromium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002543 FeCrAlY Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
- F02F3/14—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads within combustion chambers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston for a piston engine, in particular a
- a piston As a piston is referred to in mechanical engineering, a movable component which forms a closed combustion chamber together with a fixed component, the cylinder whose volume can be changed by movement of the piston.
- a simple embodiment of this arrangement is a piston which dips into a correspondingly shaped housing. The respective position of the piston in the housing thus determines the size of the combustion chamber.
- piston engines Machines in which pistons are used are called piston engines.
- piston engines The most widely used piston engines today are motor vehicle engines, in particular gasoline and diesel engines.
- the piston must transmit the gas forces of the fuel gas to the connecting rod in the case of car-to-car engines.
- Cylinder temperatures from 650 ° C to about 1100 C and effective mean pressures up to about 2000 kPa. Such conditions in conjunction with faster thermal
- Cycle stress caused by the in-cylinder combustion process creates a demanding environment for engine parts inside the cylinder.
- a corrosion on the piston crown and on the other hand a heat dissipation from the combustion chamber it makes sense to coat parts of the piston with insulating materials.
- the coating described in DE 196 03 515 C1 contains other alloying elements and impurities, in particular chromium, silicon and carbon.
- DE 10 2006 007 148 A1 discloses a piston which comprises an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy in order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the piston, in particular with regard to the strength at higher temperatures.
- EP 0 663 020 B1 envisages the application of a thermal barrier coating of a metal-bonding coating, a metal / ceramic layer applied thereto and a ceramic composite covering layer applied thereto to a piston to protect the piston from rapid thermal cycling.
- the document DE 36 22 301 A1 discloses a piston in which the entire piston crown and also a region of the piston skirt is coated with a heat-insulating layer of asbestos. It is further proposed to apply to the heat-insulating layer, a heat-resistant, yet heat-conductive layer on the heat-insulating layer to store the heat accumulating in the combustion chamber in this layer.
- the document EP 0 321 159 A2 shows a built-up piston with a heat-insulating component of potassium titanate whisker, zirconia fibers, carbon fibers or alumina fibers facing the combustion chamber.
- the component is completely made of one layer Surround silicon nitride or silicon carbide, which is applied by vapor deposition.
- the invention is based on the object to solve the problems of the prior art, or at least to reduce and to further increase the insulating effect.
- a piston is to be provided, which achieves a reduction of temperature peaks.
- the invention relates to a piston for a piston engine, wherein the piston comprises a arranged on a piston head of the piston layer stack.
- the layer stack comprises at least one first layer, which directly or indirectly adjoins the surface of the piston crown and comprises a heat-insulating material, and a second layer which directly or indirectly adjoins the first layer and which contains a heat-conducting material.
- Efficiency of the internal combustion engine is particularly increased by the fact that less heat is removed from the combustion chamber or the cylinder chamber.
- higher temperatures prevail than are known from the prior art. Higher temperatures in turn lead to a higher efficiency.
- a temperature increase in the combustion chamber has a positive effect on the exhaust gas treatment, since the exhaust gases also have a higher temperature and thus lead to an accelerated heating of the catalysts.
- the layer stack according to the invention provides on the piston crown for insulation and / or corrosion protection of the piston surface or of the piston.
- the second layer in contrast to the heat-insulating and thus insulating function of the first layer, has the function of harmonizing the temperature on the surface of the piston crown. That is, the heat-conducting material of the second layer advantageously provides a temperature compensation on the surface of the layer stack and thus on the surface of the piston crown. This in turn leads to a reduction of locally limited
- a piston according to the invention is advantageously used in piston engines.
- Piston machines are fluid-energy machines in which a displacer defines a periodically changing working space by means of its movement.
- the displacer is a piston, which may for example have a cylindrical shape.
- the reciprocating engine is understood as meaning both a rotary piston engine, which for example has a disk piston, and a reciprocating piston engine, in particular a cylindrical piston.
- the region of the piston which faces the combustion chamber and thus is in contact with the fluid is referred to in the present invention as the piston head.
- this piston crown is a cover side with a round shape, which is arranged on a cylindrical circumferential side wall, the piston skirt.
- the piston head in turn can have many forms. Thus, both planar and concave or convex curved shapes of the piston crown are possible in the present invention.
- the piston head can have depressions and elevations, for example in the form of lugs, which are embedded in and / or protrude from the piston head.
- the piston described in the present invention, in particular piston crowns are at least partially made of a light metal alloy or a steel, wherein
- Light metal alloys are preferred as the piston material. Under light alloy are basically all conceivable light metal alloys to understand. However, aluminum alloys, in particular aluminum-silicon alloys with varying aluminum contents up to hypereutectic concentrations, are preferred in the present invention.
- a layer stack is arranged on the surface, in particular on the light metal alloy, of the piston head of a piston described herein. Below is one
- Layers are basically functional layers, ie those which change, in particular improve, at least one physical property of the surface of the piston crown.
- the core of the present invention thus lies in the combination of heat-insulating or heat-conducting properties of the layers. These can be defined via the thermal resistance R th or its reciprocal, the thermal conductivity ⁇ . R, h results from the quotient of temperature difference ⁇ and heat flow Q v .
- thermally conductive materials are understood in particular to be those which have a thermal conductivity ⁇ > 50 W / mK, in particular ⁇ > 100 W / mK.
- heat-insulating materials in the present invention are distinguished by a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 15 W / mK, in particular ⁇ ⁇ 3 W / mK.
- a diameter d s of the layer stack is smaller than a diameter d of the piston crown.
- the layer stack has a diameter d s which corresponds to more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in particular more than 98% of the diameter d K.
- this has the advantage that the layer stack and in particular the heat-conducting layer do not interfere with the edge of the piston crown, in particular not with the
- the heat-insulating material of the first layer comprises a technical ceramic or an intermetallic compound.
- the heat-insulating material of the first layer comprises a technical ceramic or an intermetallic compound.
- Technical ceramics or industrial or high-performance ceramics are materials that are optimized in terms of their properties in terms of technical applications. They differ in particular to decorative ceramic or sanitary ceramics by the composition of the starting materials, the firing process and purity and
- Intermetallic compounds, or intermetallic phases are homogeneous chemical compounds of two or more metals. They show in contrast to
- Alloys Lattice structures that differ from those of the constituent metals. In their lattice, there is a mixed bond of a metallic bond fraction and lower atomic bonding or ion binding components, which can result in superstructures.
- the presently preferred intermetallic compounds are based on
- Iron aluminum such as FeAl (Cr, Nb, Zr, C, B) and / or Fe 3 Al (Cr, Nb, Zr, C, B). That is, depending on the ratio of iron and aluminum to each other, the intermetallic compound is composed of 50% to 95% by weight of iron, in particular 70% to 95% by weight of iron and 5% to 50% by weight. aluminum, in particular from 5% to 30% by weight of aluminum. With a mass fraction of in total 0 to 10 wt .-% based on the
- the intermetallic compounds can contain further contents
- Alloy elements and impurities in particular of chromium, niobium, zirconium, carbon and boron.
- the technical ceramic comprises Y-stabilized zirconia (Zr (Y) 0 2), alumina (Al 2 0 3), spinel (AI 2 0 3 / MgO), mullite (Al 2 0 3 / Si0 2 )
- Zirkonkorund Al 2 0 3 / Zr0 2
- titanium oxide Ti0 2
- silicon oxide Si0
- ceramics with essential constituents of said oxides
- intermetallic compounds is common that they are next to a particularly high
- the heat-conducting material of the second layer comprises a metal and / or a thermally conductive ceramic, since these have in particular ⁇ of thermal conductivity ⁇ > 50 W / mK.
- the heat-conductive material beryllium, aluminum, copper, silver, silicon, molybdenum, tungsten, Carbon, beryllium oxide, beryllium nitrite, silicon nitrite and / or silicon carbide and
- thermal conductivity ⁇ > 100 W / mK.
- the materials mentioned are particularly well suited to achieve a particularly rapid and uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the piston crown and thus, in particular locally limited,
- Temperature maxima on the surface of the piston crown so there can be distributed very quickly over the entire surface of the piston crown and thus reduced the prevailing very high temperature. Temperature peaks occur in this context, in particular when the temperature in areas of a surface abruptly increased by more than 50 C, in particular by more than 100 C with respect to the average surface temperature and thus produces a high temperature gradient.
- an adhesion promoter layer is arranged between the surface of the piston crown and the first layer and / or between the first layer and the second layer.
- Adhesion promoters are substances which are used to directly and / or indirectly increase the adhesive strength of composites. In this case, the adhesive strength between the functional layer and the surface of the piston crown or between functional layers with one another can be increased.
- the adhesion of coatings is defined as the measure of the resistance of a coating to its mechanical separation from the substrate. In the direct case, this means that an improved adhesive strength of the functional layer on the surface of the piston crown or an improved adhesive strength of the second layer on the first layer with one another means that they can be separated from each other by external influences worse. As an external influence can in this
- the occurrence of strong temperature fluctuations can be understood. If, for example, the arranged first layer expands more strongly than the composite partner, that is to say as the light metal alloy or the second layer, for example, shearing forces arise at the connection point.
- the primer layer can act as a corrosion protection layer and thus indirectly increase the bond strength of the composite.
- the arrangement of a bonding agent can advantageously to increase the
- the adhesion promoter layer preferably comprises an Fe 3 Al, FeAl, FeAl / Fe 3 Al, NiCr, NiCrAl, NiCrAlY, FeCrAlY, CuCrAlY alloy and / or an FeAl (Cr, Nb, Zr) intermetallic compound.
- the individual layers may have a gradient relative to the layer composition. If, for example, individual layers of mixtures and / or several constituents come together, the ratio of these to one another within the relevant layer can vary.
- the piston head has a depression and the layer stack is arranged within the depression.
- a region of the piston crown is to be understood, which is lower than a surrounding surface of the piston crown.
- a recess is thus a recess or a depression within the piston head, which is designed to at least partially accommodate a layer stack.
- the diameter or the width of the depression corresponds at least to the width or the diameter of the layer stack, so that the layer stack is preferably arranged in the region of the depression and does not contact the surface of the piston crown beyond this region.
- the layer stack is preferably arranged in the region of the depression and does not contact the surface of the piston crown beyond this region.
- the layer stack completely arranged in the recess in the piston crown, and does not protrude above the surface level of the piston crown, but is flush with the peripheral edge of the piston crown. This ensures that the layer stack does not affect the flow pattern on the surface of the piston crown.
- at least the second layer that is to say the layer which comprises the thermally conductive material, protrudes from the recess and / or has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the recess.
- the second layer and in particular the heat-conducting material is not in contact with the surface of the piston surface. Such a contact would attenuate the heat-insulating effect of the lower, ie the first layer. The heat would be over the thermally conductive layer can be delivered to the piston head and passed through the piston from the combustion chamber.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a piston engine having a piston according to the present invention.
- the piston engine according to the invention is characterized by a high efficiency, an efficient exhaust treatment and a very high
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a piston in a first
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a piston in a second
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a detailed detail of a layer stack according to the invention on a piston bottom according to FIG. 2 or 3.
- a preferred embodiment of the piston 10 according to the invention is based on a
- Figure 1 shows a cylindrical piston 10 of a reciprocating motor not shown.
- the piston 10 a cylindrically shaped piston skirt 14, on which a substantially planar circular piston head 1 1 is arranged.
- the piston 10 further has circumferential grooves, which are formed to receive sealing elements, in particular piston rings.
- the piston 10 is preferably made of a light metal alloy 15. Especially preferred are aluminum alloys, in particular aluminum-silicon alloys. Also usable as piston material are iron compounds, ie steels. In illustrated
- the piston head 1 1 has a recess 12 in which a layer stack 20 is arranged.
- the diameter d s of the layer stack 20 essentially corresponds to the diameter of the depression 12.
- the diameter d s of the layer stack 20 is in the
- the depth of the recess 12 corresponds in the embodiment shown, the height of the layer stack 20 so that it does not protrude from the recess 12 and the surface of the piston head 1 1 does not exceed.
- the layer stack 20 is flush with the edge 12 surrounding the recess. A detailed structure of the layer stack 20 is explained in more detail in a detail drawing described below in FIG.
- FIG. 10 The embodiment of a piston 10 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 A further preferred embodiment of a piston according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- the piston 10, which is likewise shown in a sectional drawing, is fundamentally constructed in the same way as the piston 10 shown in FIG. 1. It differs from the first embodiment in that the piston head 11 of the cylindrical piston 10 is not planar but has a depression 13 , On the piston head 1 1 of the second embodiment of the piston 10 shown in Figure 2, a functional layer stack 20 is arranged. In this case, the piston head 1 1 has no recess for receiving the layer stack 20.
- the layer stack 20 has, as shown in Figure 1, a smaller diameter than the piston head 1 1. It thus forms a distance between
- the peripheral edge of the piston head 1 1 preferably corresponds to less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, preferably less than 2% of the surface of the piston head 1 1.
- the functional layer stack 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has both
- FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention
- Light metal alloy 15 are preferably aluminum alloys, in particular to aluminum-silicon alloys.
- a bonding agent 23 can be arranged on this light metal alloy 15.
- the layer of adhesion promoter 23 preferably comprises materials which increase the adhesion between light metal alloy 15 and first layer 21.
- materials are suitable which on the one hand increase the wettability of the light metal alloy 15 and on the other and in particular compensate for the structural differences between the light metal alloy 15 and the first layer 21. These are especially alloys on iron and steel
- Aluminum base in particular Fe ; i Al, FeAl, FeAI / Fe 3 Al, NiCr, NiCrAI, NiCrAIY, FeCrAIY, CuCrAlY alloy preferred.
- intermetallic compounds based on iron aluminum are suitable as adhesion promoters.
- an alloy of iron and aluminum in particular chromium and / or niobium and / or zirconium, carbon and / or boron is added.
- a suitable material used, for example, in the aerospace industry is a nickel-chromium-aluminum composition.
- Bonding agents based on austenitic iron, nickel, cobalt alloys, as well as in addition with Cr, Al and Y (so-called MCrAlY layers) or with Hf, Ta or Si alloyed compounds can be used.
- MCrAlY layers Spin-on adiene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrenetyl Y layers
- Hf, Ta or Si alloyed compounds can be used.
- adhesion promoters under the brand names Amdry ® 365, Amdry ® 386, Amdry ® 995, Amdry ® 962, Amperit ® 415, 443 or Metco Sulzer Metco ® are available 445th
- the adhesion promoter 23 is applied significantly thinner compared to the following layers and preferably has thicknesses in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 0.15 mm.
- a first layer 21 adjoins this bonding agent 23 or alternatively directly to the piston crown.
- This first layer 21 is made of a material which has heat-insulating properties. Materials which have a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 15 W / mK, in particular ⁇ ⁇ 3 W / mK, are particularly preferred. Thermally insulating materials used are preferably technical ceramics and / or intermetallic compounds.
- Y-stabilized zirconium oxide spinel, aluminum oxide corundum, mullite, titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide. It is preferred that these materials a
- intermetallic compounds are those based on iron-aluminum alloys.
- FeAl and Fe 3 Al are preferred, which added to a maximum of 10% of the total mass of the coating
- the added materials are preferably chromium, niobium, zirconium, carbon or boron.
- the thickness of the first layer 21 is in Dependence of the material on the ambient condition, in particular the
- the first layer 21 has a thickness in the range of 0.02 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.
- An additional layer of a bonding agent 24 is optionally arranged on the first layer 21.
- This adhesion promoter basically has the same properties as the adhesion promoter 23 optionally arranged between the piston crown surface and the first layer.
- adhesion promoter layers 23 and 24 can have the same design in one embodiment, but they can also vary within the described preferred limits, in particular in the composition and thickness of the layers.
- a further functional layer, the second layer 22, is arranged on the first layer 21 or on the adhesion promoter 24 arranged on this first layer 21.
- the second layer 22 comprises at least 70%, in particular at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, of a heat-conducting material.
- This thermally conductive material is characterized by a thermal conductivity ⁇ , which is preferably> 50 W / mK, in particular> 100 W / mK.
- Materials suitable for this purpose are, in particular, metals such as beryllium, aluminum, copper, molybdenum and tungsten, but also silicon and carbon, and compounds, in particular ceramics such as beryllium oxide, beryllium nitrite, silicon nitrite and silicon carbide.
- the second layer 22 is preferably made thinner than the first layer 21.
- Preferred thicknesses of the second layer 22 are in the range between 0.1 mm and 1 mm, particularly preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.8 mm.
- the individual layers 21, 22, 23 and 24 of the layer stack 20 are preferably by means of
- chemical and / or electrochemical processes such as painting, electroplating or the like.
- the layer stack 20 has a heat-insulating, in particular insulating function by the heat-insulating properties of the first layer 21. Due to the very low thermal conductivity ⁇ of the applied through the first layer 21 thermally insulating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19193660.8A EP3608532A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014201337.2A DE102014201337A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | Kolben für eine Kolbenmaschine |
PCT/EP2015/050854 WO2015110379A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19193660.8A Division EP3608532A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
EP19193660.8A Division-Into EP3608532A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3097300A1 true EP3097300A1 (de) | 2016-11-30 |
EP3097300B1 EP3097300B1 (de) | 2021-05-05 |
Family
ID=52358783
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15700590.1A Active EP3097300B1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
EP19193660.8A Withdrawn EP3608532A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19193660.8A Withdrawn EP3608532A1 (de) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-19 | Kolben für eine kolbenmaschine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP3097300B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014201337A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015110379A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10214825B2 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-02-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of depositing one or more layers of microspheres to form a thermal barrier coating |
DE102017207236A1 (de) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-10-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102017208535A1 (de) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-22 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Thermische Isolierung des Mittenkegels eines Stahlkolbens |
DE102017221733A1 (de) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtstapel zur Anordnung in einem Brennraum einer Verbrennungsmaschine, insbesondere eines Kolbens, sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US10851711B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-12-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Thermal barrier coating with temperature-following layer |
CN113339155B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-06-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 活塞的制备方法、活塞以及工装组件 |
JP2023048734A (ja) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-04-07 | マツダ株式会社 | ピストンの遮熱材塗布方法 |
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JP2012246802A (ja) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-12-13 | Art Metal Mfg Co Ltd | 内燃機関用ピストン及びこれを備えた内燃機関 |
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JPS5852451A (ja) * | 1981-09-24 | 1983-03-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 耐熱・断熱性軽合金部材およびその製造方法 |
DE3404121A1 (de) * | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-08 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Waermedaemmender kolben fuer verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
JPH0620638B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-14 | 1994-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 断熱ピストンの製造方法 |
JPS62240457A (ja) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | デイ−ゼルエンジンピストン |
JP2643121B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-11 | 1997-08-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | デイーゼルエンジンピストン |
DE3622301A1 (de) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-01-07 | Bergmann Heinz | Verbrennungsmotor |
JP2526947B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-14 | 1996-08-21 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 断熱エンジンの構造 |
DE19542944C2 (de) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-01-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Wärmedämmschicht |
DE19603515C1 (de) | 1996-02-01 | 1996-12-12 | Castolin Sa | Spritzwerkstoff auf Eisenbasis zum Herstellen einer korrosionsbeständigen Beschichtung, Herstellungsverfahren für die Beschichtung sowie Verwendung der Schicht |
DE102006007148A1 (de) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens für Verbrennungsmotoren |
JP5267577B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-08-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 中空鋳物の製造方法及び内燃機関のピストンの製造方法 |
JP5356349B2 (ja) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-12-04 | 日立建機株式会社 | 建設機械の排気装置 |
JP5609497B2 (ja) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-10-22 | マツダ株式会社 | 断熱構造体 |
KR101372565B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-03-13 | 자동차부품연구원 | 내연기관 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2014188494A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-11-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関のピストンおよびその製造方法 |
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2014
- 2014-01-24 DE DE102014201337.2A patent/DE102014201337A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-01-19 WO PCT/EP2015/050854 patent/WO2015110379A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-01-19 EP EP15700590.1A patent/EP3097300B1/de active Active
- 2015-01-19 EP EP19193660.8A patent/EP3608532A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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DE69313456T2 (de) * | 1992-09-30 | 1998-04-02 | United Technologies Corp | Keramisch zusammengesetztes Beschichtungsmaterial |
EP2436898A1 (de) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-04 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Wärmeisolierende Struktur |
JP2012246802A (ja) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-12-13 | Art Metal Mfg Co Ltd | 内燃機関用ピストン及びこれを備えた内燃機関 |
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See also references of WO2015110379A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102014201337A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 |
WO2015110379A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 |
EP3608532A1 (de) | 2020-02-12 |
EP3097300B1 (de) | 2021-05-05 |
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