EP3083318A1 - Ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique - Google Patents

Ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3083318A1
EP3083318A1 EP14799392.7A EP14799392A EP3083318A1 EP 3083318 A1 EP3083318 A1 EP 3083318A1 EP 14799392 A EP14799392 A EP 14799392A EP 3083318 A1 EP3083318 A1 EP 3083318A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
traction battery
safety
circuit arrangement
short
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14799392.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jose Lopez de Arroyabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3083318A1 publication Critical patent/EP3083318A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety circuit arrangement for an electric drive unit wherein the electric drive unit a
  • Traction battery a parallel to the traction battery intermediate circuit capacitor and an electric power supplied by the traction battery electric machine.
  • the electric machine has a plurality of phases, which are connectable to the traction battery via a controllable, having a plurality of switch elements inverter.
  • Such constructed electric drive units can be used in many ways. Among other things, they can be used as a drive unit in a vehicle, wherein the vehicle may be designed as a hybrid vehicle or as an electric vehicle. In a hybrid vehicle in addition to the electric machine another unit is used for the drive, usually an internal combustion engine. Whereas an electric vehicle is driven exclusively by an electric machine.
  • the electrical machines used are generally designed as internal rotor machines, in which a rotatably mounted rotor is enclosed by a stationary stator. The stator generates a rotating magnetic field, through which the rotor is taken.
  • the rotor has a rotor shaft, which is technically connected to a drive shaft of the Fährzeugs.
  • hybrid synchronous machines As electrical machines synchronous machines, in particular hybrid synchronous machines can be used, the preferential example, are designed as permanently excited synchronous machines.
  • a hybrid synchronous machine is a permanent magnet synchronous machine, which also has a strong, caused by a correspondingly selected rotor geometry reluctance effect, which is used for the generation of the torque acting on the rotor with.
  • a traction battery is a high-voltage battery that can have a level of spitting that can be on the order of 250 to 450 volts.
  • This safety measure is to ensure that, for example, in the idle state of the vehicle, the DC link capacity is de-energized and thus, for example, carried out curing workers contact with the potentially dangerous for people high voltage is excluded; in a vehicle, a safety circuit arrangement designed especially for carrying out this safety measure is provided.
  • Traction battery is not connected to the Engelnikkapazitat that the phases of a permanent-magnet electric machine are short-circuited by a corresponding control of the switching elements of the inverter. Also for carrying out this safety measure, a safety circuit arrangement specially designed for this purpose is provided in a vehicle.
  • the safety circuit arrangements designed for this purpose are to be activated or supplied with a corresponding supply voltage.
  • the known safety circuit arrangements are not yet optimal
  • supply of the safety circuit arrangements is ensured, and, on the one hand, it is not ensured that the DC link capacitance is discharged to a level at which the DC link capacitance achieves a voltage which is harmless to humans, and, secondly, a long-lasting short circuiting of the phases of the permanently excited electrical machine
  • the known safety circuit arrangements also have regard to the number of components required for realizing the respective safety measure and, consequently, the installation space required for the construction of the safety circuit arrangement, as well as the heat development occurring in the safety circuit arrangements , Need for improvement.
  • the safety circuit arrangement should be improved or optimized with regard to the number of required electrical or electronic components, with regard to the required installation space and with regard to the heat development that occurs during their operation. That The safety circuit should be constructed from as few as possible components, require a very small space and also have a very low heat generation during operation. In addition, the manufacturing costs for the safety circuit arrangement should be low.
  • a safety circuit arrangement comprising the following means: a A discharge circuit, which is designed to short-circuit in its activated operating state by driving a portion of the switching elements at least a portion of the phases of the electric machine, a supply voltage circuit, which is adapted to remove in their activated operating state of the DC link capacitance a predetermined discharge current which is designed to provide a supply voltage starting from an input voltage fed to it, wherein an intermediate circuit voltage applied to the intermediate circuit capacitance is supplied as input voltage, and an activation element which is designed to close an activation path in the presence of a switch-on condition to the discharge circuit and the short-circuit control circuit by providing the supply voltage.
  • the safety circuit arrangement according to the invention is based on several ideas.
  • a supply circuit arrangement is provided in the safety circuit arrangement according to the invention, to which the intermediate circuit voltage applied to the intermediate circuit capacitance is supplied as input voltage in order to be able to provide a supply voltage starting from this intermediate circuit voltage.
  • a supply of the safety circuit arrangement with electrical energy is ensured even if a supply neither by the traction battery still by the starter battery (voltage level, for example, 12 volts) is possible, for example in an interruption of the supply lines.
  • the starter battery voltage level, for example, 12 volts
  • the safety circuit arrangement contains both a discharge circuit and a short-circuit control circuit. Consequently The resulting synergies can be exploited, which leads, for example, to a reduction in the components required for the realization of the
  • the space required to construct the circuitry i.e., space
  • the space required to construct the circuitry is reduced. It reduces the size of the required for the placement of the circuit board or PCB.
  • the circuit board and thus the safety circuit arrangement can be realized much more compact.
  • the reduction in the number of components, which include high-voltage resistors, power transistors and diodes also has the positive side effect that the heat generation on the circuit board supporting the circuit and thus the heat input into the board is lower in addition reduce overall due the lower number of components and the smaller space requirement the manufacturing costs,
  • a third idea can be combined with the safety circuit arrangement according to the invention, i.
  • the phases of an electrical machine are short-circuited and, on the other hand, a DC link capacitance and thus the DC link are discharged.
  • the highest level of safety for an electric drive unit can be achieved with little effort and with a high reliability. It can thus simultaneously discharge a DC intermediate circuit and short-circuit all terminals of an electric induction machine.
  • the activation element connects the supply voltage circuit on the one hand and the discharge circuit and the short-circuit control circuit on the other via an activation path
  • the discharge circuit is designed to be controllable, so that it is possible to set the discharge current taken from the intermediate circuit capacitance.
  • the short-circuit control circuit is designed to short-circuit all phases of the electrical machine in its activated operating state by driving the switch elements. This measure achieves maximum safety.
  • the electric drive unit is preferably arranged in a vehicle. Consequently, the switch-on condition is advantageously given when at least one of the following situations exists:
  • the DC link capacity is for To ensure that the unloaded circuit capacity.
  • the voltage applied to the DC link capacitance corresponds to the high voltage provided by the traction battery. Consequently, when the idle state occurs, the DC link capacitance is to be discharged, as far as possible, very quickly to a level at which a voltage which is harmless to human beings sets. This is achieved with the safety circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the switch-on condition may be given when it is detected on the presence of a decommissioning state.
  • determining the shutdown of the traction battery is to ensure that on the one hand, the DC link capacity for reducing the voltage applied to it, which corresponds directly to the beginning of shutdown of the traction battery supplied by the traction battery high voltage is discharged, and on the other hand, the phases of the electric Machine are short-circuited, so that can build up on these no tensions.
  • a traction battery condition condition can be detected and evaluated, which, for example, gives an indication of the charge state of the traction battery and / or of a defect present in the traction battery.
  • a critical driving condition may be, for example, a driving condition in which very large accelerations, especially lateral acceleration but also longitudinal acceleration, and / or large yaw rate occur, all of which are indicative of a spin, as in an accident or at a Ride may be present at the due to a driver specification, the physically related limits, for example, with respect to the static friction, in particular with respect to a Cornering, are exceeded. In this case, it is also advisable to firstly discharge the DC link capacitance as quickly as possible and, secondly, to short-circuit the phases of the electrical machine.
  • the aforementioned variables can advantageously be detected in each case by means of suitable sensors.
  • a machine condition condition can be detected and evaluated.
  • the supply voltage circuit is a series circuit consisting of an electrical supply resistor and a Zener diode. This is a simple, reliable and cost-effective measure to provide the supply voltage required for the operation of the safety circuit arrangement. The effort or the need for the realization of a supply voltage circuit is thus reduced to a minimum. At the same time, the circuit thus constructed allows, even when the discharge circuit is not activated, a passive discharge of the DC link capacitance.
  • the discharge circuit is a series circuit comprising an electrical load resistor and a controllable semiconductor element. This measure is characterized by its monotonous and cost-effective design, while high reliability. At the same time, the discharge current can be adjusted in a simple manner.
  • the semiconductor element is a bipolar transistor.
  • the safety circuit arrangement further comprises a monitoring circuit.
  • This monitoring circuit is configured to process an electrical signal representing a temperature present at the load resistor.
  • this temperature is determined essentially by the discharge current flowing through the load resistor, especially when the temperature approaches a predetermined limit or has even exceeded this, temperature-influencing measures are taken, in particular Measures can be taken that cause the temperature no longer rises, but preferably is lowered, Consequently, the monitoring circuit is adapted to control the controllable semiconductor element in response to a determined monitoring result.
  • the semiconductor element can be controlled such that a discharge line through which the discharge current flows is interrupted or opened, and thus no discharge current flows, ie the discharge current assumes the value zero.
  • the load resistance is the main load for the load actively induced discharge of the DC link capacitance.
  • the monitoring circuit comprises a measuring bridge circuit constructed from electrical measuring resistors, wherein: one of the measuring resistors is designed as a temperature-dependent resistor.
  • one of the measuring resistors is designed as a temperature-dependent resistor.
  • the temperature-dependent resistor has a negative temperature coefficient on.
  • the safety circuit arrangement further comprises a stabilization circuit, which is arranged in terms of circuitry between the supply voltage circuit and the activation element.
  • the inverter has a plurality of half-bridges, wherein each half-bridge has a first and a second switch element, wherein the first switch element is connected to a supply pole of the traction battery and the second switch element is connected to a ground pole of the traction battery.
  • the short-circuit control circuit is preferably designed to control the second switching elements connected to the ground pole. This is a measure with which it is possible to control the switch elements for short-circuiting the phases of the electrical machine without great circuitry expense. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to design the short-circuit control circuit such that the switch elements connected to the supply pole of the traction battery short-circuit the phases of the electric machine are controlled.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of a circuit diagram, an exemplary structure of a superposition circuit arrangement contained in the drive unit.
  • the electric drive unit 10 has a traction battery 14, which can provide a high voltage U B.
  • a DC link capacitor 16 is connected in parallel.
  • an electrical machine 18 is supplied with electrical energy.
  • the electrical machine 18 has a multiplicity of phases 20, 22, 24, which can be connected to the traction battery 14 via an inverter 28 which can be controlled by a drive unit 26.
  • the inverter 28 has a plurality of switch elements T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, which are arranged in half bridges, one of which is denoted by the reference numeral 30 by way of example.
  • Each of these half bridges 30 has in each case a first switch element 32 and a second switch element 34, the first switch element 32 being connected to a supply pole 36 of the traction battery 14 and the second switch element 34 being connected to a ground pole 38 of the traction battery 14.
  • a first and a second switch element are designated by the reference numerals 32 and 34, respectively.
  • T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 To each of the switch elements T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel, one of which is designated by the reference numeral 40 by way of example.
  • the switch elements are designed as IGBTs. This is not intended to be limiting. Of course, other semiconductor devices may be used, such as MOSFETs.
  • a computing unit 42 With the arithmetic unit 42, starting from a desired torque value, which represents the torque to be generated by the electric machine 18, duty cycle values d 1 are determined which are supplied to the drive unit 26 and those in the drive unit 26 in drive signal A for the shift elements T1, T2, T3 , T4, T5, T6 are implemented,
  • the safety circuit arrangement 12 is now integrated in such a way that the drive signal Bj generated by it, with which the switch elements T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 are driven to short-circuit the phases 20, 22, 24, are likewise supplied to the drive control unit 26.
  • the switcher stages T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 are driven in such a way by means of the drive signal Bi that the switch elements T1. T3, T5 lock and the switch elements T2, T4, T6 are turned on.
  • the drive unit 26 is designed so that the Anberichtsignaie Bi are superimposed on the Anberichtsignaien Ai.
  • Traction battery 14 (active) can be disconnected, z. B. when the vehicle is parked by the driver, or (passively) may fail, for example, characterized in that a supply line is interrupted, which may occur, for example, in an accident.
  • the safety circuit arrangement 12 has a supply voltage circuit 46, which is designed to be accessible from one of them Terminals 48, 50 supplied input voltage U E supply a supply voltage U V.
  • the input voltage U E is the intermediate circuit voltage U Z applied to the intermediate circuit capacitance 16 , which in turn corresponds to the high voltage U B provided by the traction battery 14.
  • the supply voltage circuit 46 is implemented as a series connection of an electrical supply resistor 52 and a zener diode 54.
  • the supply voltage circuit 46 corresponds in its functionality to a power supply unit.
  • the high voltage U B which may be in the range of 250 to 450 volts, be converted into a supply voltage U v , which is for example of the order of about 15 volts.
  • the supply voltage should in any case be so large that the switch elements T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, in particular the switch elements T2, T4, T6 can be safely and reliably actuated to realize the short circuit of the phases 20, 22, 24 , in which connection voltage losses occurring in intermediate components are to be taken into account.
  • the realization of the supply voltage circuit 46 as a series shading of an electrical resistance and a Zener diode has the advantage that by means of such a supply voltage circuit, a passive discharge of the DC link capacitance is possible, the value of the resistor determines the length of time it takes for the at the DC link capacitance voltage under one of the
  • the supply voltage circuit 46 is a stabilizing circuit 56 downstream.
  • the stabilization circuit 56 ensures that a sufficiently large current for the short-circuiting of the phases 20, 22, 24 of the electric machine 18 required driving the Wegerele- T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 of the inverter 28, in particular the switch elements T2, T4, T6 can be provided.
  • the stabilization circuit 56 consists of a transistor 58 whose base is supplied with the supply voltage Uv.
  • the collector of the transistor 58 is connected via an electrical resistor 60 to the input voltage U E.
  • the emitter is connected to ground via a parallel circuit formed by a Zener diode 62 and an electrical resistor 64.
  • the stabilization circuit 56 is arranged in terms of circuitry between the supply voltage circuit 46 and an activation element 66.
  • the activation element 66 is designed to close an activation path 70 in the presence of a switch-on condition, which is indicated by a directional arrow 68, in order to activate a discharge circuit 72 and a short-circuit control circuit 74 by providing the supply voltage U V. That is, in the presence of a switch-on condition 68, the activation path 70 is closed, via which the discharge circuit 72 and the short-circuit control circuit 74 are then supplied with the supply voltage U V provided by the supply voltage circuit 46 and thus activated. In this respect, one can also call this path a supply path.
  • the activation element 66 may be a drivable semiconductor element or a relay.
  • Discharge circuit 72 and the short-circuit control circuit 74 to the supply voltage U V consists.
  • the voltage value of the supply voltage U V itself is not available for activating the two circuits, but the reduced voltage value of the stabilizing voltage U S provided by the stabilizing circuit 56 is available.
  • the electric drive unit 10 should be arranged in a vehicle, not shown. Consequently, the power-on condition 68 is given when at least one of the following situations exists:
  • the short-circuit control circuit 74 is configured to short-circuit at least a portion of the phases 20, 22, 24 of the electric machine 18 in its activated operating state by activating part of the switching elements T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Preferably, all phases 20, 22, 24 are short-circuited.
  • the short circuit control circuit 74 includes diodes which are connectable to the control terminals of the switching elements T2, T4, T6 with their An Kunststoffan somebody else. In the case of the IGBTs shown in FIG with their gates. In FIG. 2, one of these diodes is designated by the reference numeral 78 by way of example.
  • the shorting control circuit 74 controls the second switching elements 34 connected to the grounding pole 38.
  • the second switch elements 34 are thereby turned on.
  • all three second peeling elements 34 are turned on, so that the phases 20, 22, 24 are all short-circuited with each other.
  • the control of the second switch elements described here is not intended to have a limiting effect.
  • the phases of the electric machine can also be short-circuited by driving the first peeling elements.
  • the discharge circuit 72 is designed to remove a predefinable discharge current in its activated operating state of the intermediate circuit capacitor 16. Thus, in addition to the passive discharge of the DC link 16; which is realized by the supply voltage circuit 46, if necessary, i. Upon activation of the discharge circuit 72 and an active discharge of the DC link 16 possible.
  • the discharge circuit 72 is a series circuit consisting of an electrical load resistor 80 and a controllable semiconductor element 82.
  • the semiconductor element 82 may be a MOSFET, as shown in FIG.
  • the load resistor 80 and the Semiconductor elements 82 are dimensioned or designed so that the intermediate circuit capacitance 16 can be discharged in a very short time, at least to the extent that the voltage applied to it is below the contact protection limit of 60 volts.
  • the semiconductor element 82 may be a MOSFET, as shown in FIG.
  • the load resistor 80 and the Semiconductor elements 82 are dimensioned or designed so that the intermediate circuit capacitance 16 can be discharged in a very short time, at least to the extent that the voltage applied to it is below the contact protection limit of 60 volts.
  • the semiconductor element 82 may be a MOSFET, as shown in FIG.
  • the load resistor 80 and the Semiconductor elements 82 are dimensioned or designed so that the intermediate circuit capacitance 16 can be discharged
  • Discharge circuit 72 be set so that this level is reached within 5 seconds.
  • the safety circuit arrangement 12 furthermore has a monitoring circuit 84, which is designed to process an electrical signal representing a temperature present at the load resistor 80.
  • the semiconductor element 82 can be controlled.
  • the discharge current is reduced with increasing temperature, which can go so far that when a predetermined temperature threshold value is exceeded
  • Discharge current is reduced to 0, i. the discharge of the DC link capacity 16 is interrupted at least temporarily.
  • the monitoring circuit 84 contains a measuring bridge circuit 86, which is constructed from electrical measuring resistors, one of which is denoted by the reference numeral 88 by way of example.
  • One of the measuring resistors is a temperature-dependent resistor 90, which preferably has a negative temperature coefficient.
  • the temperature-dependent resistor 90 is structurally arranged in the immediate vicinity of the load resistor 80.
  • a comparator 92 By means of a comparator 92, a drive signal for the semiconductor element 82 is generated.
  • 3 shows, by way of a circuit diagram, an exemplary structure of a superposition circuit arrangement 94 contained in the drive unit 26.
  • the superimposed circuit arrangement 94 has three superposition modules, each of which is assigned to one of the switch elements T2, T4, T6, by means of which the shorting of the Phases 20, 22, 24 should take place.
  • the three overlay modules one is designated by reference numeral 96 by way of example. The following statements thus relate to the overlay module marked in this way, but apply equally to the other two overlay modules.
  • the overmodulation module 96 essentially has the following two functionalities to fulfill: on the one hand, the duty cycle values d i are to be converted into drive signals A i . On the other hand, the drive signals Bi are superimposed on the drive signals Ai. The conversion of the duty cycle values d i into the drive signals A takes place by means of a series circuit composed of a driver 98 and a resistor 100. The superposing takes place by means of a diode 102
  • the conversion unit contained in the drive unit and associated with the three other switch elements T1, T3, T5, which in each case contains a series circuit composed of a driver and a resistor for each of the three switch elements, is not shown in FIG. 3 for reasons of clarity. Since the short circuiting of the phases 20, 22, 24 is to take place by means of the three switch elements T2, T4, T6, only the functionality of the conversion is needed for the three switch elements T1, T3, T5, the functionality of the overlay is not needed. Accordingly, there are no drive signals Bi for the switch elements T1, T3, T5.
  • the safety circuit arrangement comprises a supply voltage circuit which, starting from the DC link voltage supplied to it, supplies a supply voltage for the DC link voltage Discharge circuit and the short-circuit control circuit provides, it is also in case of simultaneous failure or not available the
  • Traction battery and the starter battery possible to realize an active discharge of the DC link capacity and an active short circuit of the terminals or phases of the electric machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique. L'unité d'entraînement électrique comprend une batterie de traction, un condensateur de circuit intermédiaire monté parallèlement à la batterie de traction et un moteur électrique pouvant être alimenté en énergie électrique par la batterie de traction. Le moteur électrique comprend une pluralité de phases, qui peuvent être reliées à la batterie de traction par un onduleur pouvant être commandé et comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de commutation. L'ensemble de commutation de sécurité est pourvu d'un circuit de décharge, qui, une fois activé, est conçu pour prélever un courant de décharge pouvant être prédéfini du condensateur de circuit intermédiaire, d'un circuit de commande de court-circuit, qui, une fois activé, est conçu pour court-circuiter au moins une partie des phases du moteur électrique par commande d'une partie des éléments de commutation, d'un circuit de tension d'alimentation, qui est conçu pour fournir une tension d'alimentation à partir d'une tension d'entrée qui lui est amenée, une tension de circuit intermédiaire appliquée sur le condensateur de circuit intermédiaire étant amenée en tant que tension d'entrée, et d'un élément d'activation, qui est conçu pour fermer une voie d'activation en présence d'une condition de mise en marche, afin d'activer le circuit de décharge et le circuit de commande de court-circuit du fait de la fourniture de la tension d'alimentation.
EP14799392.7A 2013-12-19 2014-11-13 Ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique Withdrawn EP3083318A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013226763.0A DE102013226763A1 (de) 2013-12-19 2013-12-19 Sicherheitsschaltungsanordnung für eine elektrische Antriebseinheit
PCT/EP2014/074448 WO2015090746A1 (fr) 2013-12-19 2014-11-13 Ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique

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EP3083318A1 true EP3083318A1 (fr) 2016-10-26

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EP14799392.7A Withdrawn EP3083318A1 (fr) 2013-12-19 2014-11-13 Ensemble de commutation de sécurité pour une unité d'entraînement électrique

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US (1) US9806649B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3083318A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2017502633A (fr)
CN (1) CN105636820B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013226763A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015090746A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9806649B2 (en) 2017-10-31
DE102013226763A1 (de) 2015-06-25
CN105636820B (zh) 2018-05-04
JP2017502633A (ja) 2017-01-19
US20160226410A1 (en) 2016-08-04
WO2015090746A1 (fr) 2015-06-25
CN105636820A (zh) 2016-06-01

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