EP3077554B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen wärmebehandlung eines stahlbandes - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen wärmebehandlung eines stahlbandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3077554B1
EP3077554B1 EP14815057.6A EP14815057A EP3077554B1 EP 3077554 B1 EP3077554 B1 EP 3077554B1 EP 14815057 A EP14815057 A EP 14815057A EP 3077554 B1 EP3077554 B1 EP 3077554B1
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Prior art keywords
strip
cooling
oxides
liquid
spraying
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3077554A1 (de
Inventor
Alain GENAUD
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Fives Stein SA
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Fives Stein SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/563—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C21D9/5735—Details
    • C21D9/5737—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/68—Furnace coilers; Hot coilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
    • C23G1/088—Iron or steel solutions containing organic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
    • C23G3/023—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
    • C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
    • C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
    • C23G3/028—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating for thermal or mechanical pretreatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to annealing furnaces on continuous heat treatment lines for metal strips, mainly steel sheets, with annealing cycles using cooling slopes.
  • This process is particularly suitable for dip galvanizing lines or for combined annealing and dip galvanizing lines.
  • the method and the corresponding installation, according to the invention make it possible to carry out thermal treatment cycles comprising wet rapid cooling, capable of producing new steels, without requiring stripping of the strip after heat treatment.
  • the current lines of continuous annealing of metal strips are composed of successive chambers in which the strip is first heated, then maintained in temperature for a variable time and finally cooled to substantially the ambient temperature to be able to be marketed or undergo further processing.
  • Other combinations of these holding and cooling heating sequences can be performed for more complex processing cycles.
  • the lines following the state of the art, after completion of a metallurgical annealing, are often used to make a metal coating on the surface of the strip to increase its resistance to corrosion.
  • This treatment is generally carried out continuously, by dipping in a bath of molten metal, for example zinc to galvanize the strip, able to increase the corrosion resistance of the final product, for example automobile bodies .
  • Another type of treatment is aluminizing or any other method of coating the strip with a metal alloy.
  • Such a continuous annealing line is disclosed in EP 2 103 715 A1 .
  • the automotive market seeks to achieve increasingly lightweight bodies while maintaining or increasing their mechanical strength in case of shock to ensure the protection of their occupants. This concern led to two main processes of elaboration, one during treatment thermal annealing of the strip, the other during the stamping of the sheet to achieve, for example a body part of a vehicle.
  • the new thermal treatment processes for example for the production of steels called “martensitic” or “THLE” steels (Very High Elastic Limit), are based on an extremely rapid cooling of the steel after the heating and maintenance phases.
  • temperature for example with cooling rates above 200 ° C / sec, typically above 500 ° C / sec, and sometimes as high as 1000 ° C / sec or higher.
  • These cooling slopes can not be reached with the conventional cooling techniques by projection of a cooling gas on the band whose maximum cooling slopes are close to 200 ° C / sec. It is then necessary to implement water-quench type cooling by water spraying or by spraying a mixture of gas and water on the strip to achieve these cooling slopes.
  • the strip After completion of the metallurgical annealing, the cooling and the chemical reduction treatment of the oxides, the strip is reheated to a temperature of about 460 ° C - 470 ° C to be galvanized by dipping in a line according to the state of art or galvanized on an electrogalvanizing line, for certain applications, if its surface condition prohibits the galvanizing dipping.
  • the succession of heating and cooling, in particular rapid cooling with large slopes creates longitudinal and transverse stresses in the band that can cause permanent deformations on the surface of the band, deformations such as folds or more or less significant undulations. These deformations or folds can cause surface defects on the web by contact of the web with furnace equipment, for example cooling boxes, and cause the disposal of the finished product.
  • the proposed invention makes it possible to produce the very high yield strength steels expected by automobile manufacturers with a continuous process comprising rapid wet cooling; this process does not require the cooling of the strip to temperatures below 200 ° C for the reduction of the oxides at temperatures below 100 ° C but allows the continuous galvanizing on the same line and at the same speed what is the annealing.
  • This process eliminates the energy losses of the current techniques provided by this cooling up to strip temperatures below 200 ° C for a band of 1 mm thickness to perform stripping of the strip, allows continuous operation without recovery intermediate and ensures the metal coating of the band with the level of quality brought by the current dipping metal coating techniques.
  • the temperature at the end of cooling may be 460 ° C. if cooling is the last stage of the treatment cycle before the coating of the strip by a zinc deposit according to the state of the art. This temperature will be close to 200 ° C if the heat treatment requires it for the realization of additional processing phases that are performed after the rapid cooling section.
  • the pickling liquid sprayed onto the strip is an acidic solution with a pH of less than 5, in particular a solution of formic or boric acid or similar product.
  • the liquid sprayed onto the strip may comprise additives such as, especially surfactants or wetting agents, for example perfluorononanoate, in particular acid inhibitors, in particular benzotriazole or tetrazole.
  • additives such as, especially surfactants or wetting agents, for example perfluorononanoate, in particular acid inhibitors, in particular benzotriazole or tetrazole.
  • the liquid feeds the nozzles which project it on the strip under a pressure lower than 1 bar for low pressure processes and under a pressure greater than 5 bar for high pressure processes and at a distance of the band between 40 and 250. mm.
  • the heating zones situated upstream of the rapid cooling zone may be in a weak reducing atmosphere, in particular with a hydrogen content of less than 5%, or in air, so that the formation of oxides is facilitated, the layer of oxides improving the efficiency of the heat exchanges in the heating chamber or chambers, and these formed oxides being then removed by the projection of the cooling fluid, in order to reach the quantities of residual oxides compatible with the process or the quality of the desired product.
  • control system of the parameters of the reduction process in particular the projection of the fluid on the strip in order to reach the amounts of residual oxides compatible with the desired process or product quality.
  • the coolant-cooled bandwidth can be adjusted according to the speed of the line or the characteristics of the band or inlet and outlet temperatures of the strip, in particular for the adjustment of the cooling slope depending on the process or the thermal cycle to be performed. This results in a significant advantage, which is the flexibility of the cooling rate (slow - fast - ultra fast) as well as the flexibility of the outlet temperature, two important points of the heat treatment cycles carried out by and for the steelmakers: a unique system allows to produce all kinds of current steels and not only the new ones.
  • the cooling fluid is projected by nozzles on the strip, and the method is characterized by adapting the cooling parameters of the strip by adjusting the amounts of liquid injected on the strip by each nozzle and for each section of the strip. nozzle width to achieve a theoretical cooling curve depending on the metallurgical process to achieve.
  • the method may include implementing an algorithm for calculating the risk of crease formation on the surface of the web to adjust the longitudinal and transverse cooling slopes.
  • an algorithm for calculating the risk of crease formation on the surface of the web to adjust the longitudinal and transverse cooling slopes.
  • reference may be made to the patent EP 10702917.5 published under no EP 2376662 , of the applicant company.
  • the treatment zones located upstream of the rapid cooling zone may be in a little or no reducing atmosphere, in particular with a hydrogen content of less than 5%, or in air to favor the formation of oxides on the strip during heating, the reduction of these oxides being carried out by the projection of the cooling fluid, in order to achieve the amounts of residual oxides compatible with the desired process or product quality.
  • the line comprises at least one air separation chamber at the inlet and / or outlet of the cooling chamber to isolate this chamber, constituting a wet zone, the upstream and downstream chambers being in a dry atmosphere.
  • the control of the projection nozzles can be ensured by a checker-type control algorithm making it possible to control the cooling of the band section present in the cooling zone in a direction parallel to the axis of the strip and a direction perpendicular to the strip. the axis of the band to reduce the appearance of deformations on the surface of the band. while realizing the homogeneous metallurgical structure expected after the heat treatment of the strip.
  • a checker-type control algorithm making it possible to control the cooling of the band section present in the cooling zone in a direction parallel to the axis of the strip and a direction perpendicular to the strip. the axis of the band to reduce the appearance of deformations on the surface of the band. while realizing the homogeneous metallurgical structure expected after the heat treatment of the strip.
  • EP 00 403 318.9 published under no EP 1108795 , relating to chilled gas jet cooling checkerboard.
  • the line is equipped with a rinsing zone of the strip at the outlet of the rapid cooling zone.
  • the line can be equipped with air slats, atmosphere or liquid at the wet cooling outlet in order to limit the liquid entrainment by the strip.
  • Each airlock can include a gas suction device in the airlock.
  • the method and the installation according to the invention make it possible to carry out slow, fast or ultra-fast cooling in a line, continuously, without oxidizing the strip and without polluting the upstream and downstream chambers of the line and without causing significant permanent deformation. on the surface of the band.
  • the line according to the method which is the subject of the present invention comprises a rapid cooling zone capable of producing fast cooling slopes, typically above 500 ° C. or possibly exceeding 1000 ° C./secured according to the state of the art. for example according to the process described in the patent FR 2 809 418 or the patent FR 2 940 978 .
  • the pure or demineralized water used in the context of this process according to the state of the art is replaced for example by a mixture of pure or demineralized water and one or more acid (s) or a combination of acids. and additives such as, for example, the inhibitors which will reduce the oxides formed by the spraying of fluids on the strip to implement a method of etching and / or prevention of the oxidation of the strip.
  • additives are not mandatory because residual organic acids and compounds are destroyed by the temperature of the zinc bath.
  • Inhibiting agents may however be used to limit the action of the acid following the attack of the oxides and protect the support metal.
  • Fig. 1 presents a line of annealing - vertical galvanization according to the state of the art. It is understood that the same method can be realized in a horizontal line.
  • the steel strip 1 successively passes through a preheating chamber 2 and then a heating chamber 3 on sets of rollers 4.
  • the strip then passes through the chamber 5, which corresponds to a slow cooling, the chamber 6 corresponding to a cooling conventional or rapid by throwing gas on the strip from cooling boxes 7, and the chamber 8 which is a holding chamber.
  • the strip is fed through a sheath under atmosphere 9 and immersed at one of its ends in a bath of zinc or molten metals 11 via a roll 10.
  • the rapid cooling chambers by spraying liquid on the strip are isolated from the upstream and downstream chambers of the furnace by air separation chambers.
  • this sealing is reinforced to prevent the escape of vapors, for example water and acid present in the rapid cooling chamber, in particular by the use of airlock 14, 17 ( Fig.2 ) as described in FR 2 903122 or comparable technologies.
  • the function of these chambers is to separate the atmosphere from the humid cooling chamber of the upstream and downstream chambers and to limit the passage of atmosphere containing vapors of acids or chemical compounds used for the reduction of the oxides present on the surface.
  • Atmosphere withdrawals 13, 16 ( Fig. 2 ) allow to evacuate the acid vapors to a reprocessing system outside the cooling zone.
  • the line implementing the method according to the invention is equipped with a treatment circuit (not shown) of the coolant of the known type for cooling, the separation of the chemicals formed by the reduction of oxides as well as that possible foreign bodies but also specific equipment (not shown) for the control of the composition of the coolant, in particular the pH value as a function of the state of the band and its oxidation level to the entry of the cooling zone.
  • the wet rapid cooling zone with acidic or corrosive solutions is made of materials resistant to these chemical compounds, in the liquid phase or in the vapor phase, in particular stainless steels or synthetic materials for the supply and return piping of the products. cooling.
  • Rapid cooling such as those used in the invention cause significant constraints that can go as far as causing permanent deformations on the surface of the product, these deformations being unacceptable for the production of products of commercial quality.
  • the part of the band present in the cooling zone is partitioned ( Fig. 3 ) by the calculation according to the height of the strip and its width, each of the boxes thus obtained is the subject of a determination of the stresses in the material caused by the cooling to verify that these stresses are below the permissible limit by the material.
  • EP 1994188 / WO 2007 096502 on behalf of the applicant company.
  • the result of this calculation is delivered to the computer (not shown) of the line to modulate the cooling parameters such as the speed of the cooling gas and the amount of water or liquid sprayed onto the strip.
  • each part of the strip is the subject of a cooling optimization calculation in order to meet the metallurgical objectives without causing permanent deformation on the surface of the strip.
  • Fig. 2 has a vertical galvanizing line according to the invention. The upstream and downstream chambers of the rapid cooling zone 6 are unchanged, compared to Fig. 1 .
  • the rapid cooling zone 6 is isolated from the upstream 5 and downstream 8 chambers by locks 14 and 16 according to known technologies, in particular according to FR 2 809 418 with a gas withdrawal 13 and 15 to ensure the absence of communication between the atmospheres of the wet cooling chamber 6 and the upstream and downstream chambers.
  • a communication tunnel 17 between the upstream 5 and downstream 8 chambers of the rapid cooling chamber 6 makes it possible to avoid atmospheric communications between these chambers in the case where there is a pressure difference between the chambers 5 and 8.
  • the rapid cooling of the strip 1 is obtained by spraying a liquid on the strip, a combination of liquid projection by a series of nozzles (not visible) and atmosphere by an independent series of nozzles or by the creation a mixture of atmosphere and liquid by a series of combined nozzles.
  • This equipment is represented by the boxes 12 arranged along the strip on a vertical strand, the strip preferably traveling vertically up and down so that the gravity flow of the cooling liquid can be effected towards the temperatures of the coldest bands.
  • Each of the cooling methods listed above are equipped with means of regulating their efficiency which make it possible to control the heat exchange coefficient with the strip as a function of its temperature, of the type of cooling curve to be produced in order to obtain the structure metallurgical desired and avoid the formation of surface defects such as folds or corrugations.
  • Fig. 3 presents the principle of operation of this system of control of the cooling of the band. It is seen in front of the part of the band 1 present in the rapid cooling zone 6 with the upper roller 18 and lower 19. On this strip section, a part denoted L corresponds to the zone of the cooling boxes. This length L is divided vertically into a plurality of segments L1, L2 ... L7 in this example and horizontally in three parts for the operator side O, for the center C and for the motor side M. This gives the zones L4O, L4C and L4M.
  • each zone may have a dimension different from the other zones to correspond to the arrangement of the cooling boxes, singularities such as in particular the presence of stabilizing rollers, or to allow a fineness of greater control, especially in areas where the risk of wrinkling or rippling on the surface of the strip is significant.
  • the cooling means are designed to correspond to the zone cutting of the cooled portion of the strip, in particular with control valves controlled by the line control system to adjust the pressure or the flow rate of the fluid as a function of the coefficient. exchange to obtain.
  • the line control system comprises a set of algorithms for calculating the stresses induced in the web material as a function of the desired cooling, for example to pass a temperature band from 850 ° C to 470 ° C in about 1 hour. , 5 seconds, and will optimize the cooling curve to limit stresses in the band during this cooling.
  • Temperature measuring means may be used upstream or downstream of the cooling zone by the furnace control system in order, in particular, to compensate for a level or an existing temperature profile at the inlet of the furnace. cooling zone or, by a measurement at the exit of this cooling zone, modify the instructions of the actuators to obtain the required effect.
  • the effectiveness of pickling and reduction of the oxides obtained by the implementation of the process is taken into account. It becomes possible to leave the heating zones, corresponding to chambers 3 and 5, with less sophisticated atmospheres, for example with a lower hydrogen content typically less than 5%, and therefore less reducing, possibly even under air.
  • the surface oxidation of the band obtained during the heating is facilitated in these less reducing atmospheres, and has the effect of increasing the emissivity coefficient of the band which increases the efficiency of the radiative heating and reduces the size and the cost of the facilities.
  • Such a line will be more compact and therefore with an investment cost and a lower operating cost while allowing the realization of improved steel compared to the state of the art.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Kontinuierliches Wärmebehandlungsverfahren eines Stahlbands, bei dem:
    - das Band nacheinander durch Wärmebehandlungskammern geführt wird,
    - eine Schnellabkühlung des Bandes, insbesondere bei über 200 °C/s, in zumindest einer der Kammern durch das Besprühen des Bandes mit einer Flüssigkeit, das Besprühen mit einem Fluid bestehend aus Gas und Flüssigkeit oder das Besprühen mit einer Kombination aus Gas und Flüssigkeit, wie zum Beispiel Nebel, durchgeführt wird,
    - das Band nach der Schnellabkühlung im Tauchverfahren mit einem schützenden Metallüberzug beschichtet wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - das zur Schnellkühlung des Bands aufgesprühte Fluid ein Fluid mit abbeizender Eigenschaft in Bezug auf Eisenoxide oder andere, in dem zu behandelnden Stahl enthaltene Legierungselemente ist, um die Oxidation des Bands zu begrenzen und die Oxide, die sich eventuell auf dem Band gebildet haben, zu reduzieren und Oberflächenfehler bei der Metallbeschichtung im Tauchverfahren zu verringern oder zu verhindern,
    - das Fluid mit einem Druck und in einer Entfernung aufgesprüht wird, die so ausgewählt werden, dass die kombinierte Wirkung der abbeizenden Eigenschaft und der mechanischen Wirkung des aufgesprühten Fluids die Oxidschicht an der Oberfläche des Bands reduziert,
    - und dadurch, dass das Band am Ende der Schnellabkühlung eine Temperatur von über 200 °C hat, eine Temperatur, die erforderlich ist, um den gewünschten Behandlungszyklus insbesondere zwischen 200 und 750 °C durchzuführen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, welches die Anwendung eines Systems zur Kontrolle der Parameter des Reduktionsverfahrens umfasst, insbesondere das Besprühen des Bands mit dem Fluid, um die Mengen an Restoxiden zu erreichen, die mit dem Verfahren oder der gewünschten Produktgüte vereinbar sind.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, in dem das Kühlfluid durch Düsen auf das Band gesprüht wird, wobei die Parameter der Bandkühlung durch Regulierung der durch jede Düse auf das Band gesprühten Flüssigkeitsmengen und der Breite der Düse für jeden Abschnitt angepasst werden, um entsprechend des durchzuführenden metallurgischen Verfahrens eine theoretische Kühlkurve umzusetzen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, indem die auf das Band gesprühte Flüssigkeit mit abbeizender Eigenschaft eine saure Lösung mit einem pH-Wert kleiner 5, und insbesondere eine Ameisen- oder Borsäurelösung ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, indem die auf das Band gesprühte Flüssigkeit Zusatzstoffe umfasst, vor allem grenzflächenaktive Stoffe oder Benetzungsmittel, insbesondere Korrosionshemmer, vor allem Benzotriazol.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Flüssigkeit bei Niederdruckverfahren mit einem Druck kleiner 1 bar in einer Entfernung von 40 bis 250 mm zum Band aufgesprüht wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem die Flüssigkeit bei Hochdruckverfahren mit einem Druck größer 5 bar in einer Entfernung von 40 bis 250 m zum Band aufgesprüht wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Heizbereiche vor dem Schnellkühlungsbereich eine wenig reduzierte Atmosphäre mit einem Wasserstoffgehalt kleiner 5 % oder eine Luftatmosphäre aufweisen, sodass die Bildung von Oxiden gefördert wird, wobei die Oxidschicht die Wirkung des Wärmeaustauschs in der oder den Heizkammern verbessert, und diese gebildeten Oxide anschließend durch Aufsprühen des Kühlfluids reduziert werden, um die Mengen an Restoxiden zu erreichen, die mit dem Verfahren oder der gewünschten Produktgüte vereinbar sind.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Höhe des vom Kühlfluid abgekühlten Bands im Hinblick auf die Geschwindigkeit der Linie oder die Eigenschaften des Bands oder die Eintritts- und Austrittstemperatur des Bands eingestellt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, welches die Anwendung eines Algorithmus zur Berechnung des Risikos der Faltenbildung an der Oberfläche des Bands umfasst, um die Abkühlungsintensität in Längs- und Querrichtung einzustellen.
  11. Kontinuierliche Wärmebehandlungslinie für ein Stahlband zur Anwendung eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, welche folgendes umfasst:
    - aufeinanderfolgende Wärmebehandlungskammern, durch die das Band geführt wird,
    - wobei zumindest eine der Kammern Schnellkühlungsmittel, insbesondere bei über 200 °C/s, umfassen, wobei diese Kühlmittel Düsen zum Aufsprühen der Flüssigkeit oder zum Aufsprühen eines Fluids bestehend aus Gas und Flüssigkeit oder zum Aufsprühen einer Kombination aus Gas und Flüssigkeit, wie zum Beispiel Nebel, auf das Band umfassen,
    - und hinter den Kammern eine Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung des Bands mit einem schützenden Metallüberzug, insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Metallbeschichtung im Tauchverfahren,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel zur Versorgung der Spritzdüsen mit einer Flüssigkeit mit abbeizender Eigenschaft in Bezug auf Eisenoxide oder andere, in dem zu behandelnden Stahl enthaltenen Legierungselemente, die sich eventuell auf dem Band gebildet haben, umfasst, wobei die Düsen in der Lage sind, eine saure Lösung mit einem pH-Wert kleiner 5 aufzusprühen, und dadurch, dass der Versorgungsdruck der Düsen und die Entfernung der Düsen zum Band unabhängig voneinander jeweils so gewählt werden, dass die kombinierte Wirkung der abbeizenden Eigenschaft und der mechanischen Wirkung der aufgesprühten Flüssigkeit die Eisenoxidschicht oder andere, in dem zu behandelnden Stahl enthaltenen Legierungselemente, die sich eventuell auf dem Band gebildet haben, beseitigt, wobei am Ende der Schnellkühlung eine Bandtemperatur von über 200 °C beibehalten wird.
  12. Linie nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, in der die Behandlungsbereiche vor dem Schnellabkühlungsbereich eine wenig oder gar nicht reduzierende Atmosphäre aufweisen, insbesondere mit einem Wasserstoffgehalt kleiner 5 %, oder eine Luftatmosphäre, um die Bildung von Oxiden an der Oberfläche des Bands während der Erhitzung zu fördern, wobei die Reduktion dieser Oxide durch Aufsprühen der Kühlflüssigkeit erfolgt, um die Mengen an Restoxiden zu erreichen, die mit dem Verfahren oder der gewünschten Produktgüte vereinbar sind.
  13. Linie nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, welche zumindest eine atmosphärische Trennschleuse (14, 16) am Eingang und am Ausgang der Kühlkammer (6) umfasst, um diese Kammer, die einen feuchten Bereich darstellt, zu isolieren, da die Kammer davor (5) und die Kammer dahinter (8) eine trockene Atmosphäre aufweisen.
  14. Linie nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, in der die Steuerung der Spritzdüsen des Kühlfluids durch einen schachbrettartigen Steuerungsalgorithmus gewährleistet wird, der die Kontrolle der Kühlung des in diesem Kühlbereich befindlichen Bandabschnitts in einer Richtung parallel zur Bandachse und in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Bandachse ermöglicht, um das Auftreten von Verformungen an der Bandoberfläche zu reduzieren.
  15. Linie nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, welche einen Spül- und einen Trocknungsbereich für das Band am Austritt aus dem Schnellkühlungsbereich umfasst.
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FR3014447A1 (fr) 2015-06-12
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WO2015083047A1 (fr) 2015-06-11
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